CN112394245B - Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Method for Satellite System with Large Size Multi-wavelength SAR Antenna - Google Patents
Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Method for Satellite System with Large Size Multi-wavelength SAR Antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于卫星系统电磁兼容性分析的技术领域,具体涉及一种带大尺寸多波位SAR天线卫星系统电磁兼容性分析方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite system electromagnetic compatibility analysis, and in particular relates to an electromagnetic compatibility analysis method for satellite systems with large-scale multi-wavelength SAR antennas.
背景技术Background technique
电磁兼容性是微波载荷卫星系统可靠性设计的一项重要内容,电磁兼容性直接影响卫星载荷是否能够正常工作。随着卫星技术的发展,载荷功率和灵敏度不断提升,工作模式也越来越复杂,这也对卫星的电磁兼容性提出了更高的要求。为了保证卫星的电磁可靠性,必须对卫星电磁兼容性进行分析。Electromagnetic compatibility is an important part of the reliability design of microwave payload satellite system, and electromagnetic compatibility directly affects whether the satellite payload can work normally. With the development of satellite technology, the load power and sensitivity have been continuously improved, and the working mode has become more and more complex, which also puts forward higher requirements for the electromagnetic compatibility of satellites. In order to ensure the electromagnetic reliability of the satellite, the electromagnetic compatibility of the satellite must be analyzed.
目前电磁兼容性分析通常采用各类商用电磁仿真分析软件进行。但是当卫星的电尺寸增大时,电磁兼容性分析所需的硬件资源会显著提高,通常的工作站已无法适应分析要求。对于采用大型发射面天线的SAR载荷卫星而言,天线尺寸和卫星尺寸所占空间范围约数十米,频率范围覆盖L-Ka频段,如此尺度的电尺寸对象既无法实现用全波分析方法的能力,又无法完全用高频方法而降低分析精度。At present, electromagnetic compatibility analysis is usually carried out by various commercial electromagnetic simulation analysis software. However, when the electrical size of the satellite increases, the hardware resources required for electromagnetic compatibility analysis will increase significantly, and the usual workstations can no longer meet the analysis requirements. For SAR payload satellites with large transmitting surface antennas, the antenna size and satellite size occupy a space range of about tens of meters, and the frequency range covers the L-Ka frequency band, so it is impossible to realize the full-wave analysis method for an object of such a scale. ability, and cannot fully use high-frequency methods to reduce the analysis accuracy.
另一方面,通常SAR载荷卫星具有多个波位,在分析过程中需要覆盖多个波位。如果对每个波位的电磁兼容性分析均要重复全部的分析过程,则分析工作量较大,在分析效率上是不足的。On the other hand, usually SAR payload satellites have multiple wave positions, and multiple wave positions need to be covered in the analysis process. If the entire analysis process is repeated for the electromagnetic compatibility analysis of each wave position, the analysis workload will be large and the analysis efficiency will be insufficient.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种带大尺寸多波位SAR天线卫星系统电磁兼容性分析方法,一方面能够适应超大电尺寸卫星的电磁兼容性分析;另一方面,在对卫星SAR载荷不同波位的电磁兼容性分析时,不需要重复全部的分析过程,提高了分析效率。In view of this, the present invention provides an electromagnetic compatibility analysis method for a satellite system with a large-scale multi-wave position SAR antenna, which can adapt to the electromagnetic compatibility analysis of a super-large electrical size satellite on the one hand; During the electromagnetic compatibility analysis of the wave position, there is no need to repeat the entire analysis process, which improves the analysis efficiency.
实现本发明的技术方案如下:Realize the technical scheme of the present invention as follows:
一种带大尺寸多波位SAR天线卫星系统电磁兼容性分析方法,包括以下步骤:An electromagnetic compatibility analysis method for a satellite system with a large-scale multi-wave position SAR antenna, comprising the following steps:
步骤一、单个馈源辐射特性分析;Step 1. Analysis of radiation characteristics of a single feed source;
101、针对载荷天线单个馈源进行建模;101. Modeling for a single feed of the load antenna;
102、采用电磁场数值计算方法中的全波分析方法分析单个馈源的辐射方向图;102. Use the full-wave analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method to analyze the radiation pattern of a single feed source;
103、建立一个覆盖整个馈源阵的闭合体,将该闭合体作为近场等效源;103. Establish a closed body covering the entire feed array, and use the closed body as a near-field equivalent source;
104、采用电磁场数值计算方法中的全波分析方法分析单个馈源产生的近场等效源;104. Use the full-wave analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method to analyze the near-field equivalent source generated by a single feed source;
105、基于结构相容性的近场等效源校验,以步骤104中得到的近场等效源为辐射源,采用电磁场数值计算方法中的全波分析方法分析方向图,确定以近场等效源作为辐射源分析所得的方向图与步骤102中采用天线结构分析得到的方向图是否一致,如果一致,则进入步骤二,否则,返回步骤103,调整闭合体,重新分析直至方向图一致;105. The near-field equivalent source verification based on structural compatibility takes the near-field equivalent source obtained in step 104 as the radiation source, uses the full-wave analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method to analyze the direction diagram, and determines the near-field equivalent source Whether the radiation source analyzed as the radiation source is consistent with the radiation obtained by the antenna structure analysis in step 102, if consistent, then enter step 2, otherwise, return to step 103, adjust the closed body, and reanalyze until the radiation is consistent;
步骤二、馈源阵辐射特性分析;Step 2. Analysis of the radiation characteristics of the feed array;
201、根据馈源的设计方案,确定不同波位馈源阵的幅度和相位;201. According to the design scheme of the feed source, determine the amplitude and phase of the feed source array at different wave positions;
202、根据馈源阵的幅度和相位关系,对对应单个馈源的方向图进行矢量合成,得到馈源阵的方向图;202. According to the amplitude and phase relationship of the feed array, perform vector synthesis on the directional diagram corresponding to a single feed source, and obtain the directional diagram of the feed source array;
203、根据馈源阵的幅度和相位关系,对对应单个馈源的近场等效源进行矢量合成,得到馈源阵的近场等效源;203. According to the amplitude and phase relationship of the feed array, perform vector synthesis on the near-field equivalent source corresponding to a single feed source, and obtain the near-field equivalent source of the feed array;
步骤三、大尺寸天线辐射特性分析;Step 3. Analysis of radiation characteristics of large-scale antennas;
301、建立大尺寸天线模型;301. Establish a large-scale antenna model;
302、导入馈源阵辐射方向图,其相位中心与馈源阵相位中心保持一致;302. Import the radiation pattern of the feed array, and its phase center is consistent with the phase center of the feed array;
303、采用电磁场数值计算方法中的高频分析方法分析大尺寸天线的辐射方向图;303. Using the high-frequency analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method to analyze the radiation pattern of the large-scale antenna;
步骤四、建立卫星模型,卫星模型为三维结构模型,卫星模型仅保留卫星外部部件结构和卫星本体结构,忽略卫星舱内的结构,材料设置为金属铝;Step 4. Establish a satellite model. The satellite model is a three-dimensional structural model. The satellite model only retains the structure of the external components of the satellite and the structure of the satellite body, ignoring the structure in the satellite cabin, and the material is set to metal aluminum;
步骤五、装星天线辐射特性分析;Step 5. Analysis of the radiation characteristics of the star-mounted antenna;
501、在卫星模型中导入大尺寸天线辐射方向图,相位中心与天线相位中心保持一致;501. Import a large-scale antenna radiation pattern into the satellite model, and keep the phase center consistent with the antenna phase center;
502、对于卫星的大尺寸天线,采用电磁场数值计算方法中的高频分析方法分析大尺寸天线装星后的方向图;502. For the large-size antenna of the satellite, the high-frequency analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method is used to analyze the pattern of the large-size antenna after the star is installed;
503、对于卫星的平台天线,采用电磁场数值计算方法中的全波分析方法分析平台天线装星后的方向图;503. For the satellite platform antenna, use the full-wave analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method to analyze the direction pattern of the platform antenna after the star is installed;
步骤六、天线隔离度分析;Step 6. Antenna isolation analysis;
601、确定所要分析的发射天线方向图和接收天线的方向图;601. Determine the transmit antenna pattern and the receive antenna pattern to be analyzed;
602、确定所要分析的发射天线和接收天线的之间的距离R和频率f;602. Determine the distance R and frequency f between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna to be analyzed;
603、按照下式计算发射天线和接收天线的隔离度I;603. Calculate the isolation I between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna according to the following formula;
其中,c表示光速;θ和φ分别为天线方向图的俯仰角和方位角;Gt和Gr分别为发射天线方向图和接收天线方向图在θ和φ方向上的增益;Among them, c represents the speed of light; θ and φ are the pitch angle and azimuth angle of the antenna pattern, respectively; G t and G r are the gains of the transmitting antenna pattern and the receiving antenna pattern in the θ and φ directions, respectively;
步骤七、天线在卫星上辐射场强分析;Step seven, antenna radiation field strength analysis on the satellite;
701、在卫星模型中导入大尺寸天线模型;701. Import a large-scale antenna model into the satellite model;
702、导入近场等效源;702. Import a near-field equivalent source;
703、采用电磁场数值计算方法中的频域分析方法分析SAR天线在卫星表面各处产生的场强Ep;703. Using the frequency domain analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method to analyze the field strength E p generated by the SAR antenna at various places on the satellite surface;
704、根据卫星的设计指标确定SAR载荷发射功率Pt;704. Determine the SAR load transmission power P t according to the design index of the satellite;
705、在步骤703的分析结果基础上确定对应SAR载荷发射功率时的场强;705. Determine the field strength corresponding to the transmission power of the SAR payload on the basis of the analysis result in step 703;
其中E为对应SAR载荷发射功率时的场强。Where E is the field strength corresponding to the transmit power of the SAR payload.
有益效果:Beneficial effect:
第一、本发明在涉及超大电尺寸对象的分析时,综合采用全波分析方法和高频分析方法,在保证分析精度的前提下可实现针对超大电尺寸卫星的电磁兼容性分析,分析精度可以提高10dB以上。First, the present invention comprehensively adopts the full-wave analysis method and the high-frequency analysis method when it involves the analysis of super-large electrical size objects, and can realize the electromagnetic compatibility analysis for super-large electrical size satellites under the premise of ensuring the analysis accuracy, and the analysis accuracy can reach Improve more than 10dB.
第二、本发明提出基于结构相容性的近场等效源分析方法,可以有效提高近场等效源分析方法的分析精度。Second, the present invention proposes a near-field equivalent source analysis method based on structural compatibility, which can effectively improve the analysis accuracy of the near-field equivalent source analysis method.
第三、本发明可实现对多波位SAR载荷卫星的电磁兼容性分析,将多波位对分析的影响尽量提前,不需要在每个波位进行全过程的电磁兼容性分析,提高了分析效率。Third, the present invention can realize the electromagnetic compatibility analysis of the multi-wave position SAR payload satellite, advance the influence of the multi-wave position on the analysis as far as possible, and do not need to carry out the electromagnetic compatibility analysis of the whole process at each wave position, which improves the analysis efficiency. efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明分析流程图。Fig. 1 is the analysis flowchart of the present invention.
图2是本发明示例结构对近场等效源影响分析结果,其中,(a)为近场等效源示意图,(b)为天线结构源示意图。Fig. 2 is an analysis result of the influence of the example structure of the present invention on the near-field equivalent source, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of a near-field equivalent source, and (b) is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure source.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图并举实施例,对本发明进行详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
实施例Example
本发明方法在一台工作站上实施,软件采用三维电磁仿真分析软件CST。分析L频段SAR载荷天线与S频段测控之间的隔离度,以及L频段SAR载荷天线在卫星表面产生的电场辐射强度。如图1所示,具体过程如下:The method of the invention is implemented on a workstation, and the software adopts the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation analysis software CST. Analyze the isolation between the L-band SAR payload antenna and the S-band measurement and control, and the electric field radiation intensity generated by the L-band SAR payload antenna on the satellite surface. As shown in Figure 1, the specific process is as follows:
步骤一、单个馈源辐射特性分析。Step 1. Analysis of the radiation characteristics of a single feed source.
1)针对载荷天线单个馈源进行建模。馈源天线为矩形喇叭天线,模型结构与实际波形一致,但不包括装螺钉、连接波导及线缆等部件。1) Modeling for a single feed of the load antenna. The feed antenna is a rectangular horn antenna, and the model structure is consistent with the actual waveform, but does not include components such as screws, waveguides, and cables.
2)分析频率设置为L频段和S频段,采用电磁场数值计算方法中的全波分析方法时域有限差分法分析方法分析单个馈源的辐射方向图。2) The analysis frequency is set to L-band and S-band, and the radiation pattern of a single feed is analyzed by using the full-wave analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method and the time-domain finite difference method analysis method.
3)建立一个覆盖整个馈源阵的闭合立方体,将该闭合体作为近场等效源。3) Establish a closed cube covering the entire feed array, and use the closed cube as the near-field equivalent source.
4)采用电磁场数值计算方法中的全波分析方法时域有限差分法分析单个馈源产生的L频段近场等效源。4) Using the full-wave analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method, the time-domain finite difference method is used to analyze the L-band near-field equivalent source generated by a single feed source.
5)基于结构相容性的近场等效源校验。以4)中的近场等效源为辐射源,用电磁场数值计算方法中的全波分析方法分析辐射方向图,与步骤2)中的分析结果对比,如图2(a)和(b)所示,两次分析得到的辐射方向图基本一致,则采用该近场等效源进行下一步的分析。5) Near-field equivalent source verification based on structural compatibility. Taking the near-field equivalent source in 4) as the radiation source, use the full-wave analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method to analyze the radiation pattern, and compare it with the analysis results in step 2), as shown in Figure 2 (a) and (b) As shown, the radiation patterns obtained by the two analyzes are basically the same, so the near-field equivalent source is used for the next analysis.
步骤二、馈源阵辐射特性分析。Step 2: Analysis of the radiation characteristics of the feed array.
1)载荷由9个馈源进行波位组阵,确定不同波位馈源组阵的幅度和相位。1) The load is composed of 9 feed sources to form a wave position array, and the amplitude and phase of different wave position feed source arrays are determined.
2)以0°波位为例,根据馈源组阵的幅度和相位关系,对对应单个馈源的方向图进行矢量合成,得到馈源阵的方向图。2) Taking the wave position of 0° as an example, according to the amplitude and phase relationship of the feed array, the pattern corresponding to a single feed is vector synthesized to obtain the pattern of the feed array.
3)根据馈源组阵的幅度和相位关系,对对应单个馈源的近场等效源进行矢量合成,得到馈源阵的近场等效源。3) According to the amplitude and phase relationship of the feed array, the near-field equivalent source corresponding to a single feed is vector synthesized to obtain the near-field equivalent source of the feed array.
步骤三、大尺寸天线辐射特性分析。Step 3: Analysis of the radiation characteristics of the large-size antenna.
1)建立大尺寸天线模型。由于天线为网状结构反射面天线,将网状结构拟合为实体面结构进行代替。1) Establish a large-scale antenna model. Since the antenna is a mesh structure reflector antenna, the mesh structure is fitted to a solid surface structure instead.
2)导入馈源阵辐射方向图,其相位中心与馈源阵相位中心保持一致。2) Import the radiation pattern of the feed array, and its phase center is consistent with the phase center of the feed array.
3)采用电磁场数值计算方法中的高频分析方法弹跳射线方法分析大尺寸天线的辐射方向图。3) Using the high-frequency analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method, the bouncing ray method is used to analyze the radiation pattern of the large-scale antenna.
步骤四、建立卫星分析模型。卫星模型为三维结构模型。卫星模型仅保留卫星外部部件结构和卫星本体结构,材料选择为金属铝。Step 4: Establish satellite analysis model. The satellite model is a three-dimensional structural model. The satellite model only retains the structure of the external parts of the satellite and the structure of the satellite body, and the material is aluminum.
步骤五:装星天线辐射特性分析。Step 5: Analyze the radiation characteristics of the star-mounted antenna.
1)导入大尺寸天线辐射方向图,相位中心与天线相位中心保持一致。1) Import the large-scale antenna radiation pattern, and keep the phase center consistent with the antenna phase center.
2)采用电磁场数值计算方法中的高频分析方法弹跳射线方法分析大尺寸天线装星后的方向图。2) Using the high-frequency analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method, the bouncing ray method is used to analyze the pattern of the large-scale antenna after the star is installed.
3)卫星测控天线采用电磁场数值计算方法中的全波分析方法时域有限差分法分析装星后的L频段和S频段方向图。在分析过程中,仅保留测控天线所在安装面的结构。3) The satellite measurement and control antenna adopts the full wave analysis method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method and the time domain finite difference method to analyze the L-band and S-band patterns after the satellite is installed. During the analysis, only the structure of the mounting surface where the TT&C antenna is located is retained.
步骤六、天线隔离度分析。Step 6: Antenna isolation analysis.
1)将载荷天线设置为发射天线,测控天线设置为接收天线,分别确定L频段和S频段的方向图。1) Set the load antenna as the transmitting antenna, and the measurement and control antenna as the receiving antenna, and determine the pattern of the L-band and S-band respectively.
2)确定所要分析的载荷天线和测控天线的之间的距离和频率。2) Determine the distance and frequency between the load antenna to be analyzed and the measurement and control antenna.
3)根据对应天线方向图增益和空间衰减计算得到天线隔离度:3) The antenna isolation is calculated according to the corresponding antenna pattern gain and space attenuation:
其中:I为隔离度;Gr为接收天线方向图增益;Gt为发射天线方向图增益;c为光速;R为发射天线和接收天线的相位中心距离;f为频率;θ为俯仰角;φ为方位角。Where: I is the isolation; G r is the gain of the receiving antenna pattern; G t is the gain of the transmitting antenna pattern; c is the speed of light; R is the phase center distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna; f is the frequency; θ is the pitch angle; φ is the azimuth angle.
4)得到L频段和S频段的天线隔离度分别为77dB和82dB。4) The antenna isolation of L-band and S-band is obtained to be 77dB and 82dB respectively.
步骤七、天线在卫星上辐射场强分析。Step 7, analyzing the radiation field strength of the antenna on the satellite.
1)在卫星分析模型中导入大尺寸天线实体面结构模型。1) Import the large-scale antenna solid surface structure model into the satellite analysis model.
2)导入近场等效源。2) Import the near-field equivalent source.
3)设置输入功率为1W,采用电磁场数值计算方法中的频域计算方法多层快速多极子方法分析SAR天线在卫星表面各处产生的场强。3) Set the input power to 1W, and use the multi-layer fast multipole method of the frequency domain calculation method in the electromagnetic field numerical calculation method to analyze the field strength generated by the SAR antenna at various places on the satellite surface.
4)确定SAR载荷发射功率为20000W。4) Determine the transmit power of the SAR payload as 20000W.
5)在3)分析结果基础上确定对应SAR载荷发射功率时的场强:5) On the basis of the analysis results in 3), determine the field strength corresponding to the SAR payload transmission power:
其中E为对应SAR载荷发射功率时的场强,Ep为3)分析结果。Where E is the field strength corresponding to the transmit power of the SAR payload, and E p is the analysis result of 3).
综上所述,以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。To sum up, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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