CN112394158A - Evaluation method for human health risks based on soil heavy metal forms - Google Patents
Evaluation method for human health risks based on soil heavy metal forms Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment
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Abstract
The invention discloses an assessment method for human health risks based on soil heavy metal forms, which comprises the following steps: collecting and processing a sample, and determining the analyzed heavy metal elements; extracting the occurrence form of the heavy metal, and determining the bioavailable state content of the heavy metal; determining the exposure concentration of the heavy metal according to the bioavailable state content of the heavy metal; and performing health risk evaluation analysis according to the exposure concentration of the heavy metal. According to the assessment method for the human health risk based on the heavy metal form of the soil, the biological effectiveness of the heavy metal is combined with the heavy metal health risk assessment model, and the uncertainty of the health risk model can be reduced from the perspective of reasonable estimation of the exposure amount of the heavy metal. The risk assessment method is convenient to operate, scientific in assessment and small in assessment error, and people can conveniently assess and prevent the health risk of heavy metals in soil to human bodies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental pollution evaluation, in particular to a method for evaluating human health risks based on soil heavy metal forms.
Background
The heavy metal pollution sources such as industrial production discharge, sewage irrigation, atmospheric sedimentation and the like cause the content of heavy metals in soil to far exceed the safety value, and cause serious threat to human health. Because the heavy metal has the characteristics of difficult degradation, easy enrichment and the like, the problems caused by the heavy metal pollution of the soil are more and more seriously viewed by people; heavy metal elements in soil are harmful to the environment and cause serious dangers to human health, so that the method has very important practical significance for evaluating the human health risks of the heavy metal elements in the soil. Soil heavy metal risk assessment is traditionally performed using total amounts, which in most cases will likely result in an overestimation of human health risks.
The bioavailability (bioavailability) of heavy metals refers to the property that heavy metals can be absorbed by organisms or generate toxicity to organisms, and is a key index for measuring the health influence and ecological influence of heavy metal elements. In the environment, the risk assessment of heavy metals is a prerequisite for the risk management of the heavy metals. In recent years, health risk assessment is performed on heavy metals in soil by numerous scholars, but when the model is applied, the model mainly focuses on the assessment of the total content of the heavy metals, and the biological effectiveness of the heavy metals is not considered, so that errors in the estimation of the exposure dose of the heavy metals in the health risk assessment are caused, and an important source of uncertainty of the health risk assessment model is also caused.
In summary, in the prior art, sampling existing in the health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil on a human body is not standard, the step of extracting the biological effectiveness of the heavy metals is too simple, and the total amount of heavy metal elements is adopted for risk assessment, so that the health risk assessment of the heavy metals on the human body deviates from the actual situation, an assessment model has a lot of uncertainty, and an assessment error is large.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for evaluating the human health risk based on the form of the heavy metal in the soil, which aims to solve the problems of inaccurate risk evaluation of the heavy metal to the human body and large error in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an assessment method for human health risks based on soil heavy metal morphology, comprising the following steps:
collecting and processing a sample, and determining the analyzed heavy metal elements;
extracting the occurrence form of the heavy metal, and determining the bioavailable state content of the heavy metal;
determining the exposure concentration of the heavy metal according to the bioavailable state content of the heavy metal;
according to the exposure concentration of the heavy metal, health risk evaluation and analysis are carried out;
wherein, the heavy metal occurrence forms comprise the following four forms:
the extractable form of the F1 acid is exchangeable state and carbonate combined state, can migrate to a water body when the water environment condition changes and can be directly utilized by organisms;
the reducible state of F2 is the iron manganese oxide binding state, and when the oxidation-reduction potential in soil is reduced, the heavy metal in the form can be released to the water body to cause pollution;
f3 can be oxidized into an organic matter and sulfide combined state and released to a water body under the oxidation condition;
the F4 residue exists in mineral lattices of primary ores and secondary ores ecologically, has stable property, and can influence organisms only through conversion into a soluble state through chemical reaction; f1, F2 and F3 are referred to as bioavailable states;
the bioavailable content of the heavy metal is (F1+ F2+ F3)/(F1+ F2+ F3+ F4). times.100%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises: establishing a health risk evaluation analysis model CDI:
oral ingestion route health risk evaluation model CDI0Skin contact pathway health risk assessment model CDIdRespiratory inhalation pathway health risk assessment model CDIi；
The oral ingestion route health risk evaluation model CDI0The calculation method is as follows:
the skin contact pathway health risk evaluation model CDIdThe calculation method is as follows:
respiratory inhalation pathway health risk evaluation model CDIiThe calculation method is as follows:
in the formula: CDIo: oral intake, mg/kg/d; CS: the content of pollutants in the soil, namely the content of the heavy metal bioavailable state, mg/kg; IR: uptake rate, mg/d; CF: conversion factor, 10-6(ii) a EF: exposure frequency, d/a; ED: exposure time, a; BW: body weight, kg; AT: average contact time, d; CDId: transdermal contact intake, mg/kg/d; and SA: area of skin, cm, that may contact the soil2D; AF: adsorption coefficient of skin to soil, mg/cm2(ii) a ABS: the skin absorption coefficient; CDIi: inhaled through breath, intake, mg/kg/d; PEF: factor of soil dust production, m3Per kg; HR: amount of air sucked in, m3/d。
In an embodiment of the present invention, a health risk evaluation calculation method for the health risk evaluation analysis model CDI includes:
CR＝CDI×SF
TCR＝∑CR
HI＝∑HQ
wherein CR represents a carcinogenic risk; TCR represents total oncogenic risk; SF represents the slope factor, (kg. d)/mg; HQ represents the risk, i.e. non-carcinogenic risk; HI denotes risk index, i.e. total non-oncogenic risk; RfD denotes the reference dose, mg/(kg. d).
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the process of collecting and processing the sample, the method for determining heavy metals comprises:
weighing 0.05g of soil sample, sequentially adding 3ml of nitric acid, 3ml of hydrofluoric acid and 1ml of perchloric acid, placing the mixture in a polytetrafluoroethylene crucible, and placing the mixture on an electric hot plate for digestion at 180 degrees until the volume of the residual liquid in the beaker is less than 0.5ml, the liquid is transparent or light yellow green transparent, and the digestion of the sample is finished when no residual sample exists at the bottom of the beaker; and 8 heavy metal elements of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium, nickel, mercury and arsenic are determined and analyzed.
In one embodiment of the invention, the determination of the bioavailable state content of the heavy metal is determined by a continuous extraction analysis method of the heavy metal.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the continuous extraction analysis method for heavy metals uses 20 samples.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation process of the heavy metal exposure concentration is as follows:
according to the heavy metal form distribution, the content ratio of bioavailable state of the heavy metal at each point is obtained;
and taking the average value of the content ratios of the bioavailable heavy metal states of the 20 samples as a coefficient of the bioavailable heavy metal states, and multiplying the coefficient by the concentration value of the content of the heavy metal at each point to obtain the exposure concentration of the heavy metal at each point.
In one embodiment of the invention, the heavy metal elements are As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the assessment method for the human health risks based on the soil heavy metal forms, the biological effectiveness of heavy metals and a heavy metal health risk assessment model are combined, the uncertainty of the health risk model can be reduced from the perspective of reasonable estimation of the exposure dosage of the heavy metals, and scientific basis is provided for specification of standards and regulations related to heavy metal pollution in the environment. The risk assessment method is convenient to operate, scientific in assessment and estimation, small in assessment error and convenient for people to assess and prevent the risk of heavy metals in soil to human health.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a morphological distribution diagram of arsenic BCR in soil provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a morphological distribution diagram of cadmium BCR in soil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the morphological distribution of chromium BCR in soil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the morphological distribution of copper BCR in soil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the morphological distribution of nickel BCR in soil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the morphological distribution of lead BCR in soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the morphological distribution of zinc BCR in soil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows the morphological distribution of mercury BCR in soil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a comparison graph of the total carcinogenic risk of Cr, a heavy metal element, provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the total non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metal elements provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a comparison of the average value of the total carcinogenic risk of each element provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a comparison graph of the total non-carcinogenic risk average of each element provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and features of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, wherein it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1 sample Collection and extraction of the Metal forms
The research area of the embodiment is located in a certain mining area of Haizhou of the autonomous region of the Guangxi Zhuang nationality, and the total area is 8.7918km2(ii) a The tin ore, the tungsten ore, the lead-zinc ore and the iron ore in the mining area are rich in resources, and after tens of years of mineral resource extensive, low-efficiency and disordered mining and later-period private excavation and stealing mining, a large amount of waste residues and tailings are not effectively treated and are directly accumulated on the ground surface of the mining area, so that the surface soil of the mining area is seriously polluted. The whole mining area adopts a system sample distribution method, plane point distribution is carried out according to 40m multiplied by 40m, and 4251 sampling points are distributed in total; taking a soil sample with the surface layer of 0-20 cm, taking 5 samples at each sampling point, combining the samples into a sample with the weight of about 1000 g, picking out impurities such as gravel, tree roots and the like, placing the mixture in a sample bag, and sending the sample bag to a laboratory for heavy metal element content detection. The determination of the heavy metal content is carried out by a nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid-perchloric acid complete dissolution digestion method.
The method comprises the following specific steps: weighing 0.05g of soil sample, sequentially adding 3ml of nitric acid, 3ml of hydrofluoric acid and 1ml of perchloric acid, placing the mixture in a polytetrafluoroethylene crucible, placing the polytetrafluoroethylene crucible on an electric hot plate for digestion at 180 degrees until the volume of the residual liquid in the beaker is less than 0.5ml, the liquid is transparent or light yellow green transparent, and when no residual sample exists at the bottom of the beaker, the digestion of the sample is finished, so that 8 heavy metal elements such as copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium, nickel, mercury, arsenic and the like are mainly tested. In order to test the content of the heavy metal element residue state and the bioavailable state, 20 samples are collected in a mining area, and the heavy metal is continuously extracted and analyzed to test the occurrence state of the heavy metal.
Placing the soil sample in a laboratory for natural air drying in a dust-free ventilation environment, placing the sample on an organic glass plate, crushing the soil sample by using an organic glass rod, removing brick, tile, rhizome plants, lime nodule and the like mixed in the soil, and taking out a proper amount of sample (10g) by adopting a quartering method to pass through a 10-mesh (aperture is 2mm) sieve. And fully grinding the soil sample which is sieved by the 10-mesh sieve by using an agate mortar, sieving the ground soil sample by using a 200-mesh sieve, and filling the ground soil sample into a polyethylene self-sealing bag for sealing and storing.
The heavy metal occurrence forms are divided into 4 forms by the extraction of a heavy metal continuous extraction method: f1 acid extractable state, F2 reducible state, F3 oxidizable state, and F4 residue state. The F1 state is mainly exchangeable state and carbonate combined state, can migrate to a water body when the water environment condition changes (such as pH drops), can be directly utilized by organisms, and has great harm; the F2 state is mainly a ferro-manganese oxide binding state, and when the oxidation-reduction potential in soil is reduced, heavy metals in the form can be released to a water body to cause pollution; the F3 state is mainly a combined state of organic matters and sulfides, is relatively stable, and is released to a water body under a stronger oxidation condition; the F4 state exists mainly in mineral lattices of primary ores and secondary ores, is stable in property, can hardly be utilized by organisms, and can only be influenced by conversion into a soluble state through chemical reaction. The top 3 states (F1, F2, and F3) are referred to as bioavailable states according to morphological characteristics.
Through the continuous extraction analysis of 20 samples, the four morphological distributions of the heavy metal BCR in the soil of the mining area 8 are shown in figures 1-8.
According to the heavy metal form distribution, the content ratio of bioavailable state of the heavy metal at each point is obtained; the average value of the content ratio of 20 samples is taken As the bioavailable state coefficients of the heavy metals in the mining area, and the bioavailable state coefficients of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg 8 heavy metal elements are respectively 0.0045, 0.0481, 0.2229, 0.0861, 0.1148, 0.1598, 0.1127 and 0.3307; the coefficient of each element is multiplied by the concentration value (based on the maximum value) of the heavy metal content of each point to obtain the health risk evaluation exposure concentration of each point, and the maximum values of the exposure concentrations of 8 heavy metal elements of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg are 47.657 mg/kg, 8.392mg/kg, 72.685mg/kg, 456.081mg/kg, 28.290mg/kg, 1972.905 mg/kg, 681.018mg/kg and 1.883mg/kg respectively.
Example 2 evaluation of human health Risk based on soil heavy Metal morphology
The risk of heavy metal pollutants on human health is evaluated by adopting a four-step method recommended by EPA. The exposure route is selected from three exposure routes of oral intake, skin contact and breath inhalation. Health risk model health risk assessment of different types of pollutants after passing through soil-human includes models of health hazards caused by carcinogens and risk models of health hazards caused by non-carcinogenic substances. On the basis of laboratory experiments, concentration indexes of heavy metals are obtained, the available state content of heavy metal elements is obtained by utilizing the biological available state proportion of the heavy metals, and quantitative evaluation is carried out by applying a health risk evaluation model CDI.
The CDI calculation model for each exposure route is as follows:
(1) amount of contaminants CD ingested by direct oral ingestion of soilIo(mg/kg d) was calculated as follows:
(2) the amount of contaminants CDId (mg/kg d) taken up by the skin contacting the soil was calculated as follows:
(3) the amount of contaminants CDI taken in by respiration into the soili(mg/kg. multidot. d) is as followsCalculating:
in the formula: CD (compact disc)Io: oral intake, mg/kg/d; CS: the content of pollutants in the soil, namely the content of soil heavy metal active states, is mg/kg; IR: uptake rate, mg/d; CF: conversion factor, 10-6(ii) a EF: exposure frequency, d/a; ED: exposure time, a; BW: body weight, kg; AT: average contact time, d; CDId: transdermal contact intake, mg/kg/d; and SA: area of skin, cm, that may contact the soil2D; AF: adsorption coefficient of skin to soil, mg/cm2(ii) a ABS: the skin absorption coefficient; CDIi: inhaled amount by breath, mg/kg/d; PEF: factor of soil dust production, m3Per kg; HR: amount of air sucked in, m3/d。
The exposure parameters of the evaluation are shown in table 1 by combining the USEPA (2008) standard, the statistical results of questionnaires and the recommended values of the relevant parameters in the technical guidance for evaluating the risk of soil pollution of construction sites (HJ25.3-2019), and the evaluation parameter values of the risk of soil health are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In the health risk evaluation, the calculation method is as follows:
CR＝CDI×SF
TCR＝∑CR
HI＝∑dQ
in the formula: CR represents a carcinogenic risk; TCR represents total oncogenic risk; SF represents a slope factor, (kg. d)/mg, and as shown in Table 2, the Slope Factor (SF) for each of the carcinogenic heavy metals; HQ represents risk (non-carcinogenic risk); HI denotes risk index (total non-oncogenic risk); RfD denotes the reference dose, mg/(kg. d), as shown in Table 3, the reference dose of each heavy metal of the non-carcinogenic group (RfD).
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
Considering economic, social, natural and technical factors, 1X 10 is used-4At an acceptable level of total carcinogenic risk, the carcinogenic risk is less than 1X 10-4The carcinogenic risk is negligible; the carcinogenic risk is more than 1 x 10-4The carcinogenic risk is unacceptable; 1 is an acceptable level of total non-carcinogenic risk, less than 1 indicating no significant non-carcinogenic risk, greater than 1 indicating unacceptable non-carcinogenic risk.
In the embodiment, the content of each element in a biological available state is taken as the exposure concentration of each point and substituted into a health risk evaluation model to obtain the risk value under each exposure way; and summing the exposure path risk values to obtain a total risk value. The health risk assessment results for each exposure route are shown in tables 4-6. Table 4 shows the oral intake route health risk evaluation results, table 5 shows the skin contact route health risk evaluation results, and table 6 shows the breath inhalation route health risk evaluation results.
TABLE 4
As can be seen from Table 4, the carcinogenic risk was acceptable by oral ingestion; adult non-carcinogenic risks are acceptable, children's maximum values of Pb, As are unacceptable, and others are acceptable.
TABLE 5
As can be seen from table 5, the maximum carcinogenic risk was unacceptable for adults and children on the skin contact route, and the remainder was acceptable; adult non-carcinogenic risks are acceptable, children with unacceptable maximum values for Pb, Cr, Cd, and others are acceptable.
TABLE 6
As can be seen from Table 6, both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks are acceptable during the respiratory inhalation route. The results of the total carcinogenic risk and total non-carcinogenic risk of each element are shown in table 7, and the results of the total health risk assessment of the heavy metal elements in the mining area are shown.
TABLE 7
As can be seen from the analysis in table 7, the risk of carcinogenesis, for adults: the oncogenic risk range for As is: 4.13E-08-6.47E-05, wherein the carcinogenic risk range of Cr is as follows: 1.39E-06-3.99E-04, wherein the carcinogenic risk range of Ni is as follows: 1.53E-12-8.22E-10, the carcinogenic risk range of Cd is as follows: 9.53E-14 to 9.14E-10; only the maximum value of the Cr element is beyond the acceptable range, and other elements are in the acceptable range, which indicates that part of the Cr element can cause potential carcinogenic risk to adults, and other elements are safe. For children: the oncogenic risk range for As is: 5.77E-08-9.03E-05, wherein the carcinogenic risk range of Cr is as follows: 1.53E-06 ~ 4.38E-04, the carcinogenic risk range of Ni is: 5.83E-13-3.14E-10, wherein the carcinogenic risk range of Cd is as follows: 3.64E-14 to 3.49E-10; the average carcinogenic risk value of the Cr element is out of the acceptable range, and other elements are in the acceptable range, so that the condition that most of the Cr element can cause potential carcinogenic risk to children and other elements are safe is shown. The total carcinogenic risk of Cr element for adults and children is shown in FIG. 9.
Non-carcinogenic risk, for adults: the non-oncogenic risk ranges are: cu (1.62E-05-2.48E-02), Pb (9.13E-04-1.22E +00), Zn (1.30E-05-1.05E-02), Ni (4.48E-05-2.41E-02), Cd (2.30E-05-2.21E-01), Cr (2.22E-03-6.38E-01), As (2.21E-04-3.45E-01) and Hg (1.09E-04-6.52E-02); except Pb, the maximum non-carcinogenic risk range of other 7 soil heavy metals is less than 1, and the maximum non-carcinogenic risk range is within an acceptable range, so that potential non-carcinogenic harm can not be caused to human bodies of adults; the average non-carcinogenic risk of the Pb element is less than 1 and the maximum non-carcinogenic risk is greater than 1, indicating that part of the Pb element poses a potential non-carcinogenic risk to adults. For children, the non-carcinogenic risk ranges were: cu (1.13E-04-1.73E-01), Pb (6.37E-03-8.54E +00), Zn (7.93E-05-6.45E-02), Ni (2.49E-04-1.34E-01), Cd (1.26E-04-1.21E +00), Cr (1.22E-02-3.55E +00), As (1.54E-03-2.41E +00) and Hg (6.22E-04-3.71E-01); the maximum non-carcinogenic risk ranges of Cu, Zn, Ni and Hg are all less than 1 and are within an acceptable range, so that potential non-carcinogenic harm to the human body of children is avoided; the average non-carcinogenic risks of Pb, Cd, Cr and As are all less than 1, and the maximum non-carcinogenic risk is more than 1, which indicates that part of Pb, Cd, Cr and As elements can cause potential non-carcinogenic risks to children. The total non-carcinogenic risk of each element for adults and children is shown in fig. 10.
For each elemental risk average: carcinogenic risk: adult: cr > As > Ni > Cd, children: the average value of the total carcinogenic risks of the elements is shown in figure 11; non-carcinogenic risk: adult: cr > As > Pb > Hg > Ni > Cd > Cu > Zn, children: the average value of the total non-carcinogenic risk of each element is shown in the graph 12 in comparison with Cr > As > Pb > Hg > Ni > Cu > Cd > Zn.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the continuous extraction and analysis results of BCR of the surface soil of the mining area show that 8 heavy metal elements are mainly in a residue state and have low biological mobility and availability. The heavy metal element Cr has certain potential non-carcinogenic harm to adults and children, and does not cause non-carcinogenic harm to adults. The evaluation method of the embodiment is more reasonable for the high residue state area by taking the content of the bioavailable state as the exposure concentration when the health risk evaluation is carried out.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. An assessment method for human health risks based on soil heavy metal morphology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting and processing a sample, and determining the analyzed heavy metal elements;
extracting the occurrence form of the heavy metal, and determining the bioavailable state content of the heavy metal;
determining the exposure concentration of the heavy metal according to the bioavailable state content of the heavy metal;
according to the exposure concentration of the heavy metal, health risk evaluation and analysis are carried out;
wherein, the heavy metal occurrence forms comprise the following four forms:
the extractable form of the F1 acid is exchangeable state and carbonate combined state, can migrate to a water body when the water environment condition changes and can be directly utilized by organisms;
the reducible state of F2 is the iron manganese oxide binding state, and when the oxidation-reduction potential in soil is reduced, the heavy metal in the form can be released to the water body to cause pollution;
f3 can be oxidized into an organic matter and sulfide combined state and released to a water body under the oxidation condition;
the F4 residue exists in mineral lattices of primary ores and secondary ores ecologically, has stable property, and can influence organisms only through conversion into a soluble state through chemical reaction; f1, F2 and F3 are referred to as bioavailable states;
the bioavailable content of the heavy metal is (F1+ F2+ F3)/(F1+ F2+ F3+ F4). times.100%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the risk of human health is assessed based on the morphology of heavy metals in soil,
the method further comprises the following steps: establishing a health risk evaluation analysis model CDI:
oral ingestion route health risk evaluation model CDI0Skin contact pathway health risk assessment model CDIdRespiratory inhalation pathway health risk assessment model CDIi；
The oral ingestion route health risk evaluation model CDI0The calculation method is as follows:
the skin contact pathway health risk evaluation model CDIdThe calculation method is as follows:
respiratory inhalation pathway health risk evaluation model CDIiThe calculation method is as follows:
in the formula: CDIo: oral intake, mg/kg/d; CS: the content of pollutants in the soil, namely the bioavailable content of heavy metals, is mg/kg; IR: uptake rate, mg/d; CF: conversion factor, 10-6(ii) a EF: exposure frequency, d/a; ED: exposure time, a; BW: body weight, kg; AT: average contact time, d; CDId: transdermal contact intake, mg/kg/d; and SA: area of skin, cm, that may contact the soil2D; AF: adsorption coefficient of skin to soil, mg/cm2(ii) a ABS: the skin absorption coefficient; CDIi: inhaled through breath, intake, mg/kg/d; PEF: factor of soil dust production, m3Per kg; HR: amount of air sucked in, m3/d。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the risk of human health is assessed based on the morphology of heavy metals in soil,
the health risk evaluation calculation method for the health risk evaluation analysis model CDI comprises the following steps:
CR＝CDI×SF
TCR＝∑CR
HI＝∑HQ
wherein CR represents a carcinogenic risk; TCR represents total oncogenic risk; SF represents the slope factor, (kg. d)/mg; HQ represents the risk, i.e. non-carcinogenic risk; HI denotes risk index, i.e. total non-oncogenic risk; RfD denotes the reference dose, mg/(kg. d).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the risk of human health is assessed based on the morphology of heavy metals in soil,
in the process of collecting and processing the sample, the determination method of the heavy metal comprises the following steps:
weighing 0.05g of soil sample, sequentially adding 3ml of nitric acid, 3ml of hydrofluoric acid and 1ml of perchloric acid, placing the mixture in a polytetrafluoroethylene crucible, and placing the mixture on an electric hot plate for digestion at 180 degrees until the volume of the residual liquid in the beaker is less than 0.5ml, the liquid is transparent or light yellow green transparent, and the digestion of the sample is finished when no residual sample exists at the bottom of the beaker; and 8 heavy metal elements of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium, nickel, mercury and arsenic are determined and analyzed.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the risk of human health is assessed based on the morphology of heavy metals in soil,
and determining the bioavailable state content of the heavy metal by adopting a heavy metal continuous extraction analysis method.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the risk of human health is assessed based on the morphology of heavy metals in soil,
the continuous extraction and analysis method for heavy metal adopts 20 samples.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the risk of human health is assessed based on the morphology of heavy metals in soil,
the calculation process of the heavy metal exposure concentration comprises the following steps:
according to the heavy metal form distribution, the content ratio of bioavailable state of the heavy metal at each point is obtained;
and taking the average value of the content ratios of the bioavailable heavy metal states of the 20 samples as a coefficient of the bioavailable heavy metal states, and multiplying the coefficient by the concentration value of the content of the heavy metal at each point to obtain the exposure concentration of the heavy metal at each point.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the risk of human health is assessed based on the morphology of heavy metals in soil,
the heavy metal elements are As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg.
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