CN112393884B - Optical path layout solving method based on spherical coordinate system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical layout solving method based on a spherical coordinate system, which introduces the spherical coordinate system to describe the position of an optical element, determines the reasonable spatial orientation of optical equipment through ray tracing simulation and related parameter evaluation, solves the problems of multiple solving variables, large cyclic calculation amount, indirect layout in a physical space and the like based on the Cartesian coordinate system method, improves the effectiveness of the optical path layout of a complex space, and provides guidance for the spatial position layout of the optical element in an optical measurement test. The method provided by the invention can be also suitable for the design of a new light path, and provides scientific basis for the transformation of test pieces or experimental equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the optical flow display measurement technology, and particularly relates to a light path layout solving method based on a spherical coordinate system.
Background
In existing optical flow display technology, light sources and cameras are the most dominant optics. When optical flow display measurement is carried out, a light source is required to be capable of irradiating the surface to be measured, and certain intensity and uniformity are met; it is also desirable that the camera capture as much of the entire area of the surface being measured as possible and receive more light information. The optical path layout is a layout scheme for determining the relative positions of each optical element of a measuring system and a measured model in a physical space when a specific optical measuring technology is used, and meets basic requirements of the optical measuring technology principle, such as smoothness of an optical path, uniformity of illumination, intensity of illumination and the like, and is a basis for successfully applying the optical flow display measuring technology.
The spatial layout of the optical components in practical optical flow display technology application in the past mostly depends on the experience of test engineering personnel. In general, a tester gives an initial solution of the spatial layout of the light source by experience of an engineering person according to the purpose of measurement test, and then obtains a final solution of the spatial layout of the light source for measurement test through repeated debugging and comparison. This method of optical component layout has some drawbacks. Firstly, the existing method excessively depends on the optical experimental experience of engineering personnel, and the condition requirement is high; secondly, the existing method has no specific debugging parameters when debugging the spatial layout of the optical components, has great blindness and is difficult to repeat; thirdly, the moving plane in three directions of the rectangular coordinate system is required to be subjected to iterative solution, and the calculated amount is increased by adopting multi-dimensional and multi-reference plane numerical simulation solution; in addition, the effect of the optical path layout cannot be estimated in advance, the success of the scheme cannot be ensured, the most available optical path layout scheme cannot be searched, and the success rate of the test is low. Therefore, a method for solving the optical path layout in advance needs to be developed to solve the above problems.
The Chinese patent application CN105628342A proposes an optical flow display technology optical layout numerical solution method, wherein the spatial position of each optical device is positioned by adopting a Cartesian coordinate system, but the solution variable is obtained by indirect calculation of coordinate components when solving a direction angle; secondly, the calculated layout scheme is not ideal in application convenience in an actual physical space, and physical layout is not direct, so that the method is difficult to adapt to a complex environment light path layout scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the optical layout solving method based on the spherical coordinate system can improve the effectiveness of the spatial layout of the optical device in the application process of the optical flow display technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an optical layout solving method based on a spherical coordinate system comprises the following steps:
s1, modeling optical equipment to obtain a measured model, and establishing a spherical coordinate system for the measured model;
s2, defining optical parameters of a model:
according to the optical properties of the surface of the tested model and the surrounding space materials in the actual test, setting the transmissivity and the refractive index of the surface of the tested model;
s3, setting a spherical receiver:
the geometric center of the surface of the model to be measured is set as a sphere center, and the spherical surfaces with different radiuses are set as spherical receivers R i ；
S4, setting the measured surface as a light source:
setting the surface of a tested model as a light source with certain power, setting the opening angle and the number of light rays emitted by the light source, and randomly generating the light rays with different emission positions and emission directions by adopting a Monte Carlo method;
s5, ray tracing simulation:
ray tracing is carried out by utilizing ray tracing simulation software, and spherical receiver R is obtained through calculation i Irradiance distribution on;
s6, evaluating the spherical irradiance distribution, and selecting a receiver position range:
for spherical receiver R i According to the result of the ray tracing simulation, and simultaneously assisting the condition of the actual test site, selecting a distribution area with irradiance value higher than the preset irradiance value;
s7, selecting a camera space azimuth:
preliminary determination of spherical receiver R i After the alternative space region range of the model is obtained, adjusting the position and the direction angle of the camera so that the lens optical axis of the camera coincides with the normal direction of the surface of the model to be measured;
s8, selecting the space orientation of the light source:
spherical receiver R determined at S7 i Arranging experimental light sources in the range of the alternative space area, setting the surface of the tested model as a receiver, and judging whether irradiance of the receiver meets average irradiance
Average deviation of irradiance +.>
Requirements; if spherical receiver R i If the result does not meet the requirement, repeating the step S3, and performing optical path simulation on the next receiver until the requirement is met; and obtaining the spherical coordinates of the positions of the camera and the experimental light source at the moment.
According to the scheme, the method further comprises S9 of calculating rectangular coordinates of the camera and the experimental light source:
and respectively converting the spherical coordinates of the obtained camera and the experimental light source position into space rectangular coordinates.
According to the above scheme, in S1, the spherical coordinate systemThe origin O of the rectangular coordinate system is the geometric center of the measured model, the polar axis of the rectangular coordinate system is overlapped with the Z axis of the rectangular coordinate system, the X-Y plane of the rectangular coordinate system passes through the origin of the rectangular coordinate system, and the spherical coordinates of any point P (X, Y, Z) in the rectangular coordinate system space are (R, L, V); where R is the distance from point P to origin O and longitude L is a straight line
Azimuth between the projection line of the X-Y plane and the Y axis, latitude V is a straight line +.>
And azimuth angle between polar axes.
According to the above scheme, the step S3 specifically includes: setting an initial minimum spherical receiver R 0 Number of spherical receivers m, and adjustment step Δr, spherical receiver R i ＝R 0 +i*ΔR，i＝0,1,2,…,m-1。
According to the above scheme, in the S8 tool, the average deviation
Defined as the standard deviation D of irradiance and average irradiance of light within the surface of the model under test>
The ratio of average irradiance +>
Average deviation of irradiance +.>
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein N is the number of sub-areas divided by the surface of the model to be measured, ei is the irradiance on the ith sub-area divided by the surface of the model to be measured, phi is the luminous flux, and S is the area of the surface of the model to be measured;
adjusting spherical receiver R i Azimuth angle of light source on sphere, calculated according to Ri surface light distribution of spherical receiver
And->
Relatively reasonable excitation light source spatial direction angles and distances meeting average irradiance and average deviation requirements are determined. If spherical receiver R i If the result does not meet the requirement, repeating the step S3, and performing optical path simulation on the next spherical receiver.
According to the above scheme, in S9, the obtained spherical coordinates of the camera and the light source position are respectively converted into space rectangular coordinates, and the conversion relation between the spherical coordinate system and the rectangular coordinate system is:
x＝R·sinV·cos(90°-L)
y＝R·sinV·sin(90°-V)
z＝R·cosV。
according to the above scheme, in S5, the ray tracing simulation software is LightTools.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention adopts the spherical coordinate system, greatly simplifies the layout flow, can be applied to optical measurement in a complex limited space, improves the effectiveness of optical path layout in the complex space, and provides guidance for the spatial position layout of the optical element in the optical measurement test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the conversion relationship between a spherical coordinate system and a rectangular coordinate system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spherical receiver.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relative positions of the model to be tested and the light source.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of ray tracing simulation.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the irradiance distribution of a spherical receiver surface.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples and figures.
According to the invention, the spherical coordinates are introduced into the optical path layout simulation method, the space positions of the optical elements are defined through the radius R, the longitude L and the dimension V, the calculation iterative process of solving variables and ray tracing simulation is reduced, and the practicability of the optical path layout method is improved. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an optical layout solving method based on a spherical coordinate system, including:
s1, modeling the optical equipment to obtain a measured model, and establishing a spherical coordinate system for the measured model.
The origin O of the spherical coordinate system is the geometric center of the measured model, the polar axis of the spherical coordinate system is overlapped with the Z axis of the rectangular coordinate system, the X-Y plane of the rectangular coordinate system passes through the origin of the spherical coordinate system, and the spherical coordinates of any point P (X, Y, Z) in the rectangular coordinate system space are (R, L, V); where R is the distance from point P to origin O and longitude L is a straight line
Azimuth between the projection line of the X-Y plane and the Y axis, latitude V is a straight line +.>
And azimuth angle between polar axes.
S2, defining optical parameters of a model: according to the optical properties of the surface of the tested model and the surrounding space materials in the practical test, the transmissivity and the refractive index of the surface of the tested model are set.
S3, setting a spherical receiver: as shown in FIG. 3, the geometric center of the surface of the model to be measured is set as the center of sphere, and the spherical surfaces with different radii are set as the spherical receivers R i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Setting an initial minimum spherical receiver R 0 Number of spherical receivers m, and adjustment step Δr, spherical receiver R i ＝R 0 +i*ΔR，i＝0,1,2,…,m-1。
S4, setting the measured surface as a light source: as shown in fig. 4, the surface of the model to be measured is set as a light source with certain power, and the opening angle and the number of the light rays emitted by the light source are set, and the light rays with different emission positions and emission directions are randomly generated by adopting a monte carlo method.
S5, ray tracing simulation: as shown in fig. 5, the spherical receiver R is calculated by performing ray tracing using the ray tracing simulation software LightTools i Irradiance distribution on the upper surface.
S6, evaluating the spherical irradiance distribution, and selecting a receiver position range: as shown in fig. 6, for spherical receiver R i According to the result of the ray tracing simulation, and at the same time, assisting the condition of the actual test site, selecting a distribution area with irradiance value higher than the preset irradiance value. Selecting spherical receiver R i Is a position range of (2)
Irradiance E is calculated as follows:
E＝dφ/dS
where φ denotes the luminous flux in watts (W), and S denotes the area of the surface to be measured.
S7, selecting a camera space azimuth: preliminary determination of spherical receiver R i After the candidate space region range of the model is obtained, the position and the direction angle of the camera are adjusted, so that the lens optical axis of the camera coincides with the normal direction of the surface of the model to be measured, and the distortion degree of the target image is reduced.
S8, selecting the space orientation of the light source: spherical receiver R determined at S7 i Arranging experimental light sources in the range of the alternative space area, setting the surface of the tested model as a receiver, and judging whether irradiance of the receiver meets average irradiance
Average deviation of irradiance +.>
Requirements; if spherical receiver R i If the result does not meet the requirement, repeating the step S3, and performing optical path simulation on the next receiver until the requirement is met; and obtaining the spherical coordinates of the positions of the camera and the experimental light source at the moment.
In particular, in the spherical receiver R i Arranging a practical light source model in the range of the alternative space area, setting the opening angle of light rays of the light source, and emitting the light rays towards the surface of the measured object to perform ray tracing simulation; calculating corresponding average irradiance for light intensity distribution in measured surface
Average deviation of irradiance +.>
The reasonable arrangement orientation of the light sources is selected.
Average deviation
Defined as the standard deviation D of irradiance and average irradiance of light within the surface of the model under test>
The ratio of average irradiance +>
Average deviation of irradiance +.>
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein N is the number of sub-areas divided by the surface of the model to be measured, ei is the irradiance on the ith sub-area divided by the surface of the model to be measured, phi is the luminous flux, and S is the area of the surface of the model to be measured;
adjusting spherical receiver R i Azimuth angle of light source on sphere, according to spherical receiver R i Calculated by surface light distribution
And->
Relatively reasonable excitation light source spatial direction angles and distances meeting average irradiance and average deviation requirements are determined. If spherical receiver R i If the result does not meet the requirement, repeating the step S3, and performing optical path simulation on the next spherical receiver.
Further, the method further comprises S9, calculating rectangular coordinates of the camera and the experimental light source: and respectively converting the spherical coordinates of the obtained camera and the experimental light source position into space rectangular coordinates.
As shown in fig. 2, the obtained spherical coordinates of the camera and the light source position are respectively converted into space rectangular coordinates, and the conversion relation between the spherical coordinate system and the rectangular coordinate system is as follows:
x＝R·sin V·cos(90°-L)
y＝R·sin V·sin(90°-V)
z＝R·cos V。
the existing optical path layout method based on the ray tracing simulation of the Cartesian coordinate system solves the blindness problem of the layout of optical equipment in optical measurement, but the following problems still exist in the specific implementation:
(1) The solving variables are as follows: in practical optical measurements, the importance of the direction of the optical device is much greater than the distanceThe difficulty of direction determination also exceeds distance. However, in the Cartesian coordinate system, the device direction angles (α i ,β i ,γ i ) And cannot be calculated directly, must pass through the coordinate component (x i ,y i ,z i ) After the determination, the calculation is carried out, so that a plurality of unreasonable coordinate positions in the direction can be removed after the calculation, and the calculated amount is increased;
(2) The iteration loops are as follows: in the optical path tracking simulation of a rectangular coordinate system, the three-dimensional space coordinates of the optical equipment are characterized as reference plane two-dimensional coordinates in 3 directions, the positions of the reference planes are continuously moved to solve, and the calculated amount is increased by multi-dimensional and multi-reference plane numerical simulation solution;
(3) The physical layout is not direct: the spatial position of the equipment is required to be continuously adjusted along a selected reasonable direction, and a rectangular coordinate system is adopted to describe the projection of the adjustment direction, so that the ideal physical space layout of the equipment can be indirectly determined by continuously adjusting and calculating on different reference planes in the direction of a certain coordinate axis according to the included angle between the reasonable direction and the coordinate axis, and the application convenience of the calculated layout scheme in the actual physical space is not ideal;
(4) Difficult to accommodate complex optical path layout schemes: for pressure sensitive paint measurement of complex internal flow, a multi-view and multi-machine-position optical path layout scheme is often needed to solve the phenomenon of light interference caused by light reflection (ghost) of adjacent surfaces. However, the discrete alternative positions calculated by the optical path layout method based on the rectangular coordinate system are difficult to adapt to the adjustment of multiple free variables of the optical path layout scheme with multiple view angles and multiple positions.
Aiming at the technical problems, the importance of the spatial direction of the optical equipment is considered, the spherical coordinates are introduced into the optical path layout simulation method, the spatial positions of the optical elements are defined through the radius R, the longitude L and the dimension V, the calculation iterative process of solving variables and ray tracing simulation is reduced, and the practicability of the optical path layout method is improved.
The above embodiments are merely for illustrating the design concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications according to the principles and design ideas of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An optical layout solving method based on a spherical coordinate system is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, modeling optical equipment to obtain a measured model, and establishing a spherical coordinate system for the measured model;
s2, defining optical parameters of a model:
according to the optical properties of the surface of the tested model and the surrounding space materials in the actual test, setting the transmissivity and the refractive index of the surface of the tested model;
s3, setting a spherical receiver:
the geometric center of the surface of the model to be measured is set as a sphere center, and the spherical surfaces with different radiuses are set as spherical receivers R i ；
S4, setting the measured surface as a light source:
setting the surface of a tested model as a light source with certain power, setting the opening angle and the number of light rays emitted by the light source, and randomly generating the light rays with different emission positions and emission directions by adopting a Monte Carlo method;
s5, ray tracing simulation:
ray tracing is carried out by utilizing ray tracing simulation software, and spherical receiver R is obtained through calculation i Irradiance distribution on;
s6, evaluating the spherical irradiance distribution, and selecting a receiver position range:
for spherical receiver R i According to the result of the ray tracing simulation, and simultaneously assisting the condition of the actual test site, selecting a distribution area with irradiance value higher than the preset irradiance value;
s7, selecting a camera space azimuth:
preliminary determination of spherical receiver R i After the range of the alternative space area, the position and the direction of the camera are adjustedThe angle is oriented, so that the lens optical axis of the camera coincides with the normal direction of the surface of the model to be measured;
s8, selecting the space orientation of the light source:
spherical receiver R determined at S7 i Arranging experimental light sources in the range of the alternative space area, setting the surface of the tested model as a receiver, and judging whether irradiance of the receiver meets average irradiance
Average deviation of irradiance +.>
Requirements; mean deviation->
Defined as the standard deviation D of irradiance and average irradiance of light within the surface of the model under test>
The ratio of average irradiance +>
Average deviation of irradiance +.>
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein N is the number of sub-areas divided by the surface of the model to be tested, E n Dividing irradiance on an nth sub-area for the surface of the model to be measured, wherein phi is luminous flux, and S is the area of the surface of the model to be measured;
adjusting spherical receiver R i Azimuth angle of light source on sphere, according to spherical receiver R i Calculated by surface light distribution
And (3) with
Determining a relatively reasonable excitation light source space direction angle and distance meeting the average irradiance and average deviation requirements;
if spherical receiver R i If the result does not meet the requirement, repeating the step S3, and performing optical path simulation on the next spherical receiver until the requirement is met; and obtaining the spherical coordinates of the positions of the camera and the experimental light source at the moment.
2. The method for solving an optical layout based on a spherical coordinate system according to claim 1, wherein: the method further comprises S9, calculating rectangular coordinates of the camera and the experimental light source:
and respectively converting the spherical coordinates of the obtained camera and the experimental light source position into space rectangular coordinates.
3. The method for solving an optical layout based on a spherical coordinate system according to claim 2, wherein: in the S1, an origin O of a spherical coordinate system is the geometric center of a measured model, a polar axis of the spherical coordinate system is overlapped with a Z axis of a rectangular coordinate system, an X-Y plane of the rectangular coordinate system passes through the origin of the spherical coordinate system, and spherical coordinates of any point P (X, Y, Z) in a rectangular coordinate system space are (R, L, V); where R is the distance from point P to origin O and longitude L is a straight line
In the X-Y planeAzimuth angle between projection line and Y-axis, latitude V is straight line + ->
And azimuth angle between polar axes.
4. The method for solving an optical layout based on a spherical coordinate system according to claim 1, wherein: the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: setting an initial minimum spherical receiver R 0 Number of spherical receivers m, and adjustment step Δr, spherical receiver R i ＝R 0 +i*ΔR，i＝0,1,2,…,m-1。
5. A method of solving an optical layout based on a spherical coordinate system according to claim 3, wherein: in the step S9, the obtained spherical coordinates of the camera and the experimental light source position are respectively converted into space rectangular coordinates, and the conversion relation between the spherical coordinates and the rectangular coordinates is as follows:
x＝R·sinV·cos(90°-L)
y＝R·sinV·sin(90°-V)
z＝R·cosV
wherein R is the distance from any point P (x, y, z) in the rectangular coordinate system space to the origin O of the spherical coordinate system, and the spherical coordinate corresponding to the point P is (R, L, V).
6. The method for solving an optical layout based on a spherical coordinate system according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the ray tracing simulation software is LightTools.
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