CN112391993B - Karez underground reservoir built in river reach of medium and small rivers and mountain areas - Google Patents
Karez underground reservoir built in river reach of medium and small rivers and mountain areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN112391993B CN112391993B CN202011094617.6A CN202011094617A CN112391993B CN 112391993 B CN112391993 B CN 112391993B CN 202011094617 A CN202011094617 A CN 202011094617A CN 112391993 B CN112391993 B CN 112391993B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering construction, in particular to a karez underground reservoir which is constructed in a river course of a mountain area of a medium-sized and small river and comprises at least one row of seepage intercepting walls, wherein the seepage intercepting walls are arranged on a river bed of a river course of the mountain area, at least one row of water collecting galleries are arranged on the river bed at the upstream of each row of seepage intercepting walls, and water outlets of the water collecting galleries are communicated with the ground through a water delivery main pipe. The invention has reasonable and compact structure and convenient use, is suitable for being built on the river section of medium and small river mountain areas with deep and thick covering layers, can fully utilize the underground water stored in the fourth series of sand gravel of the riverbed to fulfill the aim of regulating and storing river water resources, and has the advantages of simple engineering structure, no river blockage, economy, environmental protection, small water surface evaporation loss, no dam break risk and convenient management, especially the water quantity refilling of the underground reservoir is very simple, and the requirement can be met through natural infiltration of the riverway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering construction, in particular to a karez underground reservoir which is constructed in the river reach of medium and small rivers and mountain areas.
Background
The underground reservoir is a water storage entity which is built underground and takes a water-bearing stratum as a regulation and storage space, takes a stratum gap as a water storage space, has similar functions with a surface reservoir in the aspects of water taking, water using and water resource adjusting, and has a huge water storage structure in the aspect that a front cave zone of a small river flowing out of a mountain in a arid region flushes a flood area, and the underground water stored in a fourth series of gravel layers is often tens of times of the runoff of a river, such as: the average runoff rate of the Taiwan river in Wenshou county of Xinjiang is 7.5 billion cubic meters per year, the water quantity in the underground water storage structure is up to 105 billion cubic meters, and the excellent water storage structure creates superior conditions for the construction of an underground reservoir. The underground reservoir at the front mountain depression zone of the arid region mainly comprises water taking, water conveying and artificial seepage guiding projects, and although the underground reservoir has the advantages that the surface reservoir cannot be compared with the ground surface reservoir in the aspects of safety, engineering cost and efficient utilization of water resources, the defects of the underground reservoir are exposed in the project operation; secondly, the induced water amount of the artificial induced infiltration project is only a part of the water amount of the river channel, and the infiltration amount is reduced due to the siltation of suspended sediment in the flood season, so that the operation of the artificial induced infiltration project is difficult.
The river section of the mountainous areas of the rivers is always a site for building surface reservoirs, and is characterized in that two banks are watertight mountains, the bottom of a riverbed is a fourth series covering layer which is rich in underground water, the water level of the fourth series covering layer is basically consistent with that of river water, and the fourth series covering layer of a plurality of rivers is thicker and is as deep as 30-80 meters, and the individual river is more than 120 meters, and meanwhile, the river valley is wider, so that the construction of the surface reservoirs is not facilitated. In such a river, the fourth series of cover layers having a large water permeability substantially divides the river into two parts, one part is a river in which the earth surface flows, the other part is an underground underflow, the surface water changes with seasons, the underground underflow is stable throughout the year, the amount of the underflow depends on the longitudinal slope of the river, the permeability coefficient of the cover layers, and the cross-sectional area of the cover layers, and when the cover layers are thick, the specific gravity of the underflow tends to be large, and when the runoff is small, the specific gravity of the underflow increases in the river. Meanwhile, the subsurface flow water of the river has good quality and no silt, and is a high-quality water source for modern urban water supply, rural human and animal drinking water engineering and efficient water-saving irrigation, and the recent engineering practice of small and medium rivers in arid regions shows that the subsurface flow water quantity is much larger than that calculated according to the Darcy formula, and when the proportion of the subsurface flow water is larger than 10%, the river is an ideal site for building an underground reservoir, but the technical scheme for building the underground reservoir by utilizing the characteristics of the river does not appear all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a campless well type underground reservoir which is built in a river reach of medium and small rivers and mountainous areas, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and can effectively solve the problem that the water resource of the river reach cannot be fully regulated and stored due to the fact that the river reach of the medium and small rivers and mountainous areas in the existing arid areas is not suitable for building a ground surface reservoir. The underground reservoir can fully utilize the underground water stored in the fourth series of sand gravel of the riverbed to achieve the aim of regulating and storing river water resources.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: a karez underground reservoir built in the river reach of medium and small rivers and mountain areas comprises at least one row of seepage intercepting walls, wherein the seepage intercepting walls are arranged on the riverbed of the river reach of the mountain areas, at least one row of water collecting galleries are arranged on the riverbed at the upstream of each row of seepage intercepting walls, and the water outlets of the water collecting galleries are communicated with the ground through a main water delivery pipe.
The following is further optimization or/and improvement of the technical scheme of the invention:
the water collecting galleries comprise transverse water collecting galleries, the transverse water collecting galleries are transversely arranged in the riverbed, and the part of each transverse water collecting gallery, which is positioned at the bottom of the riverbed, is not less than 10 meters; at least one row of radiant tubes are arranged on the side wall of at least one side of the transverse water collecting gallery from top to bottom, the water outlets of the radiant tubes are positioned in the transverse water collecting gallery, the distance between two adjacent radiant tubes in the same row is 5-20 m, meanwhile, at least one tube well communicated with the transverse water collecting gallery is arranged on the transverse water collecting gallery, the water outlets of the tube wells are positioned in the transverse water collecting gallery, an adjusting control gate for adjusting and controlling the water outlet flow is arranged at the water outlet of the transverse water collecting gallery, a radiant tube outlet control valve is arranged at the water outlet of each radiant tube, and a tube well outlet control valve is arranged at the water outlet of each tube well.
The number of the transverse water collecting galleries is more than two rows, the distance between every two adjacent rows of the transverse water collecting galleries is not less than 1000 meters, and the two rows of the transverse water collecting galleries are communicated through a connecting water conveying pipe.
The water collecting galleries comprise longitudinal water collecting galleries, the longitudinal water collecting galleries are longitudinally arranged in the riverbed, and the part of the longitudinal water collecting galleries, which is positioned at the bottom of the riverbed, is not less than 8 meters; at least one row of radiant tubes is arranged on the side wall of at least one side of the longitudinal water collecting gallery from top to bottom, the water outlets of the radiant tubes are positioned in the longitudinal water collecting gallery, the distance between two adjacent radiant tubes in the same row is 5-20 m, the water outlet of the longitudinal water collecting gallery is provided with an adjusting control gate for adjusting and controlling the water outlet flow, and the water outlet of the radiant tubes is provided with a radiant tube outlet control valve.
The number of the longitudinal water collecting galleries is more than two rows, the distance between every two adjacent rows of the longitudinal water collecting galleries is not less than 300 meters, and the two rows of the longitudinal water collecting galleries are communicated through a connecting water conveying pipe.
The water retaining wall is fixed on the upper portion of the seepage intercepting wall, the water diversion gate and the sand washing gate are arranged on the water retaining wall, the water diversion gate, the sand washing gate and the water retaining wall are higher than a river bed, a downstream water diversion channel and a water collecting pool are arranged on the downstream of the water diversion gate, the water collecting pool is communicated with the water diversion gate through the downstream water diversion channel, and a water outlet of the water collecting gallery is communicated with the water collecting pool through a water delivery main pipe.
An upstream water diversion gate is arranged at the upstream riverbed of the upstream collecting gallery and is communicated with the upstream collecting gallery through an upstream water diversion pipe; the seepage interception wall is an incomplete closed seepage interception wall; at least one row of water collecting galleries are integrally arranged on the riverbed at the upstream of the seepage-stopping wall; and a ventilation access hole is formed in the water collection gallery.
The invention has reasonable and compact structure and convenient use, is suitable for being built on the river section of medium and small river mountain areas with deep and thick covering layers, can fully utilize the underground water stored in the sand gravel of the fourth system of the riverbed to achieve the aim of regulating and storing the water resources of the river, has the advantages of simple engineering structure, no river interception, economy, environmental protection, small water surface evaporation loss, no dam break risk and convenient management, particularly has very simple water quantity compensation of the underground reservoir, can meet the requirements through natural infiltration of the riverway, has the characteristics of small construction difficulty, capability of building while playing benefits and easy capacity increase and expansion, and provides a new engineering form for medium and small river, particularly small river water resource regulation and storage engineering in arid areas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a lateral water collecting gallery in the water collecting gallery of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a longitudinal water collecting gallery in the water collecting gallery of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the principle of storage capacity when the present invention is arranged with more than two seepage-stopping walls.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the principle of reservoir capacity when only one cut-off wall is arranged in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the principle of surface water infiltration when the longitudinal water-collecting galleries are arranged in the present invention.
The codes in the figures are respectively: the water-saving sewage treatment system comprises a river bed 1, a seepage-stopping wall 2, a sand washing gate 3, a water diversion gate 4, a downstream water diversion channel 5, a water collection pool 6, a downstream water delivery channel 7, a first row of transverse water collection galleries 8, an adjustment control gate 9, a water delivery main pipe 10, a ventilation access hole 11, a radiation pipe 12, a pipe well 13, a connecting water delivery pipe 14, a second row of transverse water collection galleries 15, an upstream water diversion gate 16, an upstream water diversion pipe 17, a topographic contour line 18, a first row of longitudinal water collection galleries 19, a second row of longitudinal water collection galleries 20, a pipe well outlet control valve 21, a radiation pipe outlet control valve 22, a covering layer 23, a waterproof interlayer 24 in a gravel layer 25, a relatively waterproof layer 26, an underground water level 26 and river water 27.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
In the present invention, for convenience of description, the description of the relative positional relationship of the components is described according to the layout pattern of fig. 1 of the specification, such as: the positional relationship of front, rear, upper, lower, left, right, etc. is determined in accordance with the layout direction of fig. 1 of the specification.
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and figures:
as shown in attached figures 1 to 3, the karez underground reservoir built in the river reach of the middle and small river mountain areas comprises at least one row of seepage intercepting walls 2, the seepage intercepting walls 2 are arranged on the riverbed 1 of the river reach of the mountain areas, at least one row of water collecting galleries are arranged on the riverbed 1 at the upstream of each row of seepage intercepting walls 2, and the water outlets of the water collecting galleries are communicated with the ground through a main water delivery pipe 10.
The water in each water collecting gallery is automatically led out of the ground through the main water conveying pipe 10.
In the mountain river reach of the river, especially the mountain river reach of the small river in the arid area, the lower part of the riverbed 1 is often provided with a thicker fourth series sand gravel covering layer 23, the two sides and the bottom of the fourth series sand gravel covering layer are provided with relatively impervious layers 25, because of the existence of the fourth series covering layer 23 at the lower part of the riverbed 1, the river can be divided into two parts actually, one part is a surface river which changes along with seasons drastically, the other part is stable underground undercurrent in the whole year, the undercurrent water amount is in direct proportion to the longitudinal slope of the riverway, the permeability coefficient and the cross-sectional area of the covering layer 23 according to the Darcy formula, the undercurrent water amount of many small and medium river rivers is often large in specific gravity, especially when the longitudinal slope of the river is more than 0.02, the thickness of the fourth series sand gravel covering layer 23 is more than 40 meters, and the width of the riverbed 1 is more than 200 meters, the undercurrent water amount is very considerable, which are unfavorable for the condition of building the mountain surface reservoir, and are just favorable factors for building the underground reservoir, the invention makes full use of the river reach conditions in the mountainous area, and can make full use of the underground water stored in the fourth series of sand gravel of the riverbed 1 by combining the arrangement of the seepage wall 2, the water collecting gallery and the like, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating and storing river water resources.
The campless well type underground reservoir of the construction in the river reach of the medium and small river mountain areas can be further optimized or/and improved according to the actual needs:
as shown in the attached drawings 1 and 3, the water collecting galleries comprise transverse water collecting galleries, the transverse water collecting galleries are transversely arranged in the riverbed 1, and the part of the transverse water collecting galleries, which is positioned at the bottom of the riverbed 1, is not less than 10 meters; at least one row of radiant tubes 12 are arranged on the side wall of at least one side of the transverse water collecting gallery from top to bottom, the water outlets of the radiant tubes 12 are positioned in the transverse water collecting gallery, the distance between two adjacent radiant tubes 12 in the same row is 5-20 meters, meanwhile, at least one tube well 13 communicated with the transverse water collecting gallery is arranged on the transverse water collecting gallery, the water outlets of the tube wells 13 are positioned in the transverse water collecting gallery, an adjusting control gate 9 for adjusting and controlling the water outlet flow is arranged at the water outlet of the transverse water collecting gallery, a radiant tube outlet control valve 22 is arranged at the water outlet of the radiant tubes 12, and a tube well outlet control valve 21 is arranged at the water outlet of the tube well 13.
According to the needs, the number of the transverse water collecting galleries is more than two rows, the distance between two adjacent rows of the transverse water collecting galleries is not less than 1000 meters, and the two rows of the transverse water collecting galleries are communicated through the connecting water conveying pipe 14.
As shown in fig. 1, the explanation will be made with the number of the lateral water collecting galleries being two rows. The two rows of transverse collection galleries include a first row of transverse collection galleries 8 and a second row of transverse collection galleries 15 upstream thereof.
When the river inflow is less than the water demand of the irrigation area, the adjusting control brake 9 of the first row of transverse water collecting galleries 8 can be adjusted to meet the water demand requirement of the irrigation area, and the water outlet flow (Q) of the transverse water collecting galleries is operatedIs provided with) When the flow rate of the mining funnel is larger than the river channel latent flow rate, a mining funnel V1 appears at the upstream of the seepage wall 2, obviously, V1 shown in the attached figure 4 is the effective storage capacity of the underground reservoir, V1= V1 upper + V1 lower, V1 upper is closely related to the burial depth h1 of the first row of transverse water collecting galleries 8, and V1 lower is in direct proportion to the river channel latent flow rate and the water shortage period of the irrigation area, therefore, as long as the mining funnel volume V1 is larger than the required regulation storage capacity, and meanwhile, the water outlet flow rate Q of the transverse water collecting galleries is QIs provided withThe water supply period is longer than the required regulation flow of the water supply period, and when the water amount on the river surface is rich, the water resource on V1 can be supplemented as before, so that the aim of regulating and storing the water resource of the river can be fulfilled, and the effect of the surface reservoir with the same scale can be played.
When the reservoir capacity V1 formed by the first row of transverse water collecting galleries 8 cannot meet the regulation requirement, a second row of transverse water collecting galleries 15 can be added at the upstream, the interception wall 2 can be arranged at the upstream of the second row of transverse water collecting galleries 15, and the interception wall 2 can also be cancelled, and the following steps are divided: obviously, when the seepage-stopping wall 2 is arranged at the upstream of the second row of the transverse water-collecting gallery 15, the total effective storage capacity of the underground reservoir is the sum of two mutually independent underground reservoir capacities, and the total water outlet flow rate QIs provided withAlso doubled as long as their spacing is greater than L shown in fig. 4; when the requirement for adjusting the reservoir capacity is smaller, the upstream of the second row of transverse water collecting galleries 15 can be provided with the intercepting wall 2 in order to reduce the engineering investment, and at the moment, the deviceThe total effective storage capacity of the underground reservoir is the sum of V1 and V2 shown in figure 5, V1= V1 above + V1 below, V2= V2 above + V2 below, and no mutual interference should be generated between two rows of transverse water collecting galleries, according to the hydraulic principle, the mutual interference can be avoided as long as the distance between the two rows of transverse water collecting galleries is larger than L, and the L needs to be determined through specific hydraulic calculation. If the storage capacity can not meet the regulation and storage requirements, the number of rows of the transverse water collecting galleries can be further increased.
As shown in FIG. 4, QIs provided with=Q1 is provided+QLet 2。
The radiant tube 12 is a circular perforated steel structure which is known and used at present, the inner diameter is 80 mm to 200 mm, the construction is carried out by adopting a top impact method, and the horizontal placement is more than 10 m in the aquifer.
In order to prevent the influence of the impermeable interlayer 24 in the gravel layer, the first row of transverse water collecting galleries 8 and the second row of transverse water collecting galleries 15 can be further provided with tube wells 13 to increase the water collecting flow, the distance between the adjacent tube wells 13 is 15-50 meters, and the well depth of the tube wells 13 is not less than 50% of the thickness of the covering layer 23.
As shown in the attached figure 2, the water collection gallery comprises a longitudinal water collection gallery, the longitudinal water collection gallery is longitudinally arranged in the riverbed 1, and the part of the longitudinal water collection gallery, which is positioned at the bottom of the riverbed 1, is not less than 8 meters; at least one row of radiant tubes 12 are arranged on the side wall of at least one side of the longitudinal water collecting gallery from top to bottom, the water outlets of the radiant tubes 12 are positioned in the longitudinal water collecting gallery, the distance between two adjacent radiant tubes 12 in the same row is 5-20 m, an adjusting control gate 9 for adjusting and controlling the water outlet flow is arranged at the water outlet of the longitudinal water collecting gallery, and a radiant tube outlet control valve 22 is arranged at the water outlet of the radiant tubes 12.
According to the needs, the number of the longitudinal water collecting galleries is more than two rows, the distance between two adjacent rows of the longitudinal water collecting galleries is not less than 300 meters, and the two rows of the longitudinal water collecting galleries are communicated through the connecting water conveying pipe 14.
As shown in fig. 2, the explanation will be made with the number of the longitudinal water collecting galleries being two rows. The two rows of longitudinal water collecting galleries include a first row of longitudinal water collecting galleries 19 and a second row of longitudinal water collecting galleries 20 upstream thereof.
When the thickness of the riverbed 1 covering layer 23 is smaller, the thickness is increasedThe water supply amount can be selected from the technical scheme of longitudinally arranging the water collecting galleries, namely, the longitudinal water collecting galleries such as the first row of longitudinal water collecting galleries 19 and the second row of longitudinal water collecting galleries 20 are required to be buried below 8 meters of the ground surface. This principle of vertical water collecting corridor technical scheme regulation water resource also is unanimous with horizontal water collecting corridor, and what the difference is that the undercurrent flow of this kind of river course is often less, has higher requirement to quality of water when the consumer, and when the undercurrent water flow can not satisfy, this vertical technical scheme can increase the water supply of groundwater through the length that increases vertical water collecting corridor to satisfy the consumer requirement, its rationale is as follows: when water is supplied by adopting the first row of the longitudinal water collecting gallery 19 and the second row of the longitudinal water collecting gallery 20 shown in the attached figure 6, the underground water level of the riverbed 1 at the upper part of the water collecting gallery will be lowered, the aquifer is changed from a saturated state to an unsaturated state, the river water is vertically infiltrated and collected in the first row of the longitudinal water collecting gallery 19 and the second row of the longitudinal water collecting gallery 20, and the infiltration amount QOozing outProportional to the width B of the river, the vertical permeability coefficient K of the cover 23Hanging deviceAnd the length of influence S of the longitudinal catchment corridor, namely: qOozing out = KHanging deviceThe water quality of the river channel is high, and the river channel is high in water quality, and the water quality is high. In FIG. 6, QIs provided with = QOozing out+QDiving。
It is to be noted that: for rivers with wider river valleys, the technical scheme of adopting the transverse water collecting galleries may cause difficulty in engineering arrangement, and at the moment, the technical scheme of selecting the longitudinal water collecting galleries is likely to have lower engineering investment, so that two schemes need to be selected and preferred in specific engineering.
As shown in the attached figures 1 to 3, a water retaining wall is fixed on the upper portion of the seepage intercepting wall 2, a water guide gate 4 and a sand washing gate 3 are arranged on the water retaining wall, the water guide gate 4, the sand washing gate 3 and the water retaining wall are higher than a river bed 1, a downstream water guide channel 5 and a water collecting pool 6 are arranged on the downstream of the water guide gate 4, the water collecting pool 6 is communicated with the water guide gate 4 through the downstream water guide channel 5, and a water outlet of the water collecting gallery is communicated with the water collecting pool 6 through a main water conveying pipe 10.
Surface water is introduced into the water collecting pool 6 through the downstream water diversion canal 5, so that the surface water and the water of the local underground reservoir are connected into a whole, and then the water in the water collecting pool 6 is delivered to an irrigation area through the downstream water delivery canal 7.
As shown in the attached drawings 1 to 3, an upstream diversion gate 16 is arranged at the upstream riverbed 1 of the upstream collecting corridor, and the upstream diversion gate 16 is communicated with the upstream collecting corridor through an upstream diversion pipe 17; the seepage interception wall 2 is an incomplete closed seepage interception wall; at least one row of water collecting galleries is integrally arranged on the riverbed 1 at the upstream of the seepage-stopping wall 2; the water collecting gallery is provided with a ventilation access hole 11.
The water quantity recharging of the underground reservoir is carried out in the surface water surplus period of the river, on one hand, the natural vertical infiltration recharging of river water is relied on, on the other hand, the interception of the undercurrent by the interception wall 2 is relied on, and the recharging of the mining funnel of the underground reservoir is accelerated, so that the recharging of the underground reservoir is easier than that of the underground reservoir in the mountain front sunken area flushing flood area. In order to further accelerate the recharging speed, the underground reservoir can also utilize an upstream water guiding gate 16 and a corresponding upstream water guiding pipe 17 to directly guide clear water in the river in a dry period into a water collecting gallery, the water collecting gallery is used as recharging engineering, the river water is quickly recharged and warehoused, the turbidity of the recharged water is less than 40NTU, or else, the blockage of a gravel layer around the radiant tube 12 is easily caused.
Meanwhile, the upstream water guiding gate 16 and the upstream water guiding pipe 17 have two functions, one is that in the water shortage period of the downstream irrigation area, surface water is directly conveyed to the downstream through the water conveying pipeline (connected with the water conveying pipe 14, the water conveying main pipe 10 and the like) of the underground reservoir to prevent ineffective conversion of the surface water, and the other is that in the back-supplementing period, clear water of a river channel is introduced into the water collecting gallery through the upstream water guiding gate 16 and the upstream water guiding pipe 17 and enters the radiation pipe 12 in the opposite direction, and the infiltration stratum is back-flushed by the high-water-level and large-flow clear water, so that the silt clogging problem of the infiltration stratum is solved.
The ventilation access hole 11 can adopt a vertical shaft arrangement mode, and can also adopt an inclined shaft type arrangement scheme for the convenience of construction, operation and maintenance.
The seepage interception wall 2 of the underground reservoir is designed and arranged according to the terrain and geological conditions of the project, when a canyon section exists in a river channel, the seepage interception wall can be arranged at the front edge of the canyon section and is separated from a first row of transverse water collection galleries 8 by a certain distance, and a gate dam can be arranged at the upper part of the seepage interception wall 2 to be higher than the ground so as to form a certain water surface at the upstream part, thereby being beneficial to the conversion of surface water; when the river course is comparatively straight, also can close infiltration wall 2 and the horizontal corridor 8 that catchments of first row as an organic whole, the structure of infiltration wall 2 can adopt concrete infiltration wall 2, can also adopt other structural style such as geotechnological cloth. When the second row of transverse water collecting galleries 15 are also provided with the seepage intercepting walls 2, the top elevations of the second row of transverse water collecting galleries are flush with the height of the water collecting galleries, so that the engineering investment is saved. If the interception seepage wall 2 intercepts the undercurrent in a very limited way or the needed water quantity is small, the incompletely closed interception seepage wall 2 can also be adopted.
The underground reservoir has the advantages of simple engineering, no river blockage, low investment, economy, environmental protection, no water surface evaporation loss, no dam break risk, convenient management and the like, and simultaneously, the technical scheme has the characteristics of low engineering construction difficulty, capability of building, giving full play to benefits and increasing capacity and expanding easily, and provides a new engineering form for medium and small rivers, particularly medium and small river water resource regulation and storage engineering in arid regions.
The above technical features constitute the best embodiment of the present invention, which has strong adaptability and best implementation effect, and unnecessary technical features can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.
The application examples of the invention are as follows:
application example 1: in a certain medium and small river in an arid region, the runoff of surface water is 5300 ten thousand cubic meters, the surface water amount cannot meet the requirements of an irrigation region in summer, the water shortage period is 6-7 months, the total is 53 days, the water shortage amount is 750 ten thousand cubic meters, the maximum flow of water supplied by an underground reservoir required in the water shortage period is 1.8 cubic meters per second, the longitudinal slope of a river section in a mountain area of the river is 3.0 percent, about 8 kilometers is suitable for implementing the underground reservoir, the total of 150 days from 11 months to 3 months in the next year is 1500 ten thousand cubic meters, the average width of the water surface of a riverway is 6 meters, the width of a riverbed is 1 meter, the riverway is basically straight, the bottom of the river is a fourth-series total new system covering layer 23, the average depth is 60 meters, the average cross-section area is 1.5 ten thousand cubic meters, the river water is as high as underground, the gravity water supply degree of a water-bearing stratum is 0.2, the horizontal permeability coefficient is 120 meters per day, and the vertical permeability coefficient is 2.0 meter per day.
According to the hydrogeological conditions of the application example, the river subsurface flow Q can be calculatedDiving= 120 × 15000 × 0.03/86400=0.625 cubic meter/second, the water storage capacity of the aquifer at the river reach of 8 km and mountainous area is 8000 × 1.2 × 0.2=1920 cubic meters, and the river course latent flow at 53 days of the water shortage period is 0.625 × 53 × 8.64=286 cubic meters. The application embodiment can adopt different technical schemes for combination, and when the technical schemes of two rows of completely intercepted seepage intercepting walls 2 and two rows of transverse water collecting galleries are adopted, Q isIs provided with=1.8/2=0.9 cubic meter/second, and this application example V1 is shown in fig. 4On the upper partMore than or equal to 286 ten thousand cubic meters, V1Lower partMore than or equal to 89 ten thousand cubic meters (750/2-286 =89 ten thousand cubic meters), and when the buried depth h1=30 meters of the transverse water collecting gallery is selected, L1 is takenLower part=1500 m, calculated actual QIs provided with=0.92 cubic meter/sec, V1Lower part=90 >89 million cubic meters, L1On the upper part=2000 m, calculated V1On the upper part=300>286 million cubic meters meet the requirements, therefore, the total technical scheme that two rows of seepage intercepting walls 2 with the interval of 3200 meters and two corresponding rows of transverse water collecting galleries are arranged by initial selection and the burying depth of the transverse water collecting galleries is 30 meters can meet the requirement of supplying water for 750 million cubic meters in the water shortage period of the irrigation area. The radiant tubes 12 in the transverse water collecting gallery in the application embodiment are arranged on one side of the upstream, the tube diameter is 159mm, the distance is 15 meters, the horizontal length of the placed aquifer is 20 meters, 134 tube wells are additionally arranged, and the well depth is 80 meters. At the end of water supply of the application example, an about 4.4 kilometer river reach of the river bed 1 at the upstream of the first row of seepage interception wall 2 appears as an exploitation funnel, the volume of the funnel is 371 ten thousand cubic meters, and the natural supply amount of the river channel is 2.0 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 4400/10000=5.28 ten thousand cubic meters per day, so that the underground reservoir can be replenished as before by 70 days of river water, which is far less than 150 days, and the natural supply scheme is feasible.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the darcy formula is used for calculation, and in the specific design of the engineering, the month-by-month calculation should be performed on the embodiment of the present application according to basic data such as hydrogeology and topography and by using a modern galvanometer algorithm, so as to obtain more detailed results, and optimize and review the engineering scheme.
Application example 2: in a certain medium and small river in an arid region, the surface water runoff is 3200 ten thousand cubic meters, the surface water can meet the water requirement of an irrigation region all year round, but the river water is much silt and is quite turbid and cannot meet the water requirement of downstream people, livestock and high-efficiency water-saving irrigation regions, the longitudinal slope of a river section in a mountain region of the river is 3.5 percent, the range of about 6 kilometers is suitable for implementing the underground reservoir, the river channel is straight, the average width of a river bed is 150 meters, the depth of a fourth system complete and uniform covering layer is 23 meters, the water flow in the downstream irrigation region is 0.6 cubic meter/second within 7 months to 8 months, the water flow in 6 months and 9 months is 0.45 cubic meter/second, and the water flow in the rest months is 0.20 cubic meter/second. The average flow of the river is 2.0 cubic meter/second from 7 months to 8 months, the average width of the river surface in the time period is 12 meters, the average flow of the river surface in the time period is 1.0 cubic meter/second in 6 months and 9 months, the average width of the river surface in the time period is 8 meters, the average flow of the river surface in the other months is 0.2 cubic meter/second, and the average width of the river surface is 1 meter. The actual measurement shows that the river underflow is 0.24 cubic meter per second and is uniform all year round, the horizontal permeability coefficient is calculated according to the Darcy formula to be 158 meters per day, and the vertical permeability coefficient of the water-bearing stratum is explored on site to be 2.5 meters per day. The latent flow in the period of 6 to 9 months cannot meet the water demand requirement of an irrigation area, wherein the supplement flow in the period of 7 to 8 months needs 0.36 cubic meter per second, and the supplement flow in the period of 6 to 9 months needs 0.21 cubic meter per second.
According to the hydrogeological conditions of the application embodiment, the technical scheme of adopting a row of seepage interception walls 2 and a longitudinal water collection gallery is most reasonable, as shown in figure 6, the influence length S of the longitudinal water collection gallery needs to be determined by hydraulic calculation, and Q is needed in the period from 7 months to 8 months in the embodimentOozing out=0.36=2.5 × 12 × S/86400, required S =1037 meters; required Q during 6 and 9 monthsOozing out= 0.21 =2.5 × 8 × S/86400, and S =907 meters is required, and both values are large, then S of the project is 1037 meters, and the overall layout scheme of the project in this embodiment can be preliminarily determined by the above analysis and calculation, that is: adopting one row of completely intercepted seepage intercepting walls 2, arranging two rows of longitudinal water collecting galleries at the upstream of the seepage intercepting walls 2, wherein each row is 350 meters long, the distance is 350 meters, the buried depth is 10 meters, the actual effective influence length S is 1090 meters, and the flow Q is designed for each row of water collecting galleriesIs provided with=0.3 cubic meter/second, the diameter of the radiant tube 12 is 159mm, the distance is 20 meters, and the radiant tube is placed in the aquiferHas a horizontal length of 15 meters.
Claims (3)
1. A karez underground reservoir built in the river reach of the middle and small river mountain area is characterized by comprising at least one row of seepage intercepting walls, wherein the seepage intercepting walls are arranged on the riverbed of the river reach of the mountain area, at least two rows of water collecting galleries are arranged on the riverbed at the upstream of each row of seepage intercepting walls, and the water outlets of the water collecting galleries are communicated with the ground through a main water delivery pipe; the water collecting gallery comprises a longitudinal water collecting gallery, the longitudinal water collecting gallery is longitudinally arranged in the riverbed, and the part of the longitudinal water collecting gallery, which is positioned at the bottom of the riverbed, is not less than 8 meters; at least one row of radiant tubes is arranged on the side wall of at least one side of the longitudinal water collecting gallery from top to bottom, the water outlets of the radiant tubes are positioned in the longitudinal water collecting gallery, the distance between two adjacent radiant tubes in the same row is 5-20 m, an adjusting control gate for adjusting and controlling the flow of the outlet water is arranged at the water outlet of the longitudinal water collecting gallery, and a radiant tube outlet control valve is arranged at the water outlet of each radiant tube; the distance between every two adjacent rows of longitudinal water collecting galleries is not less than 300 meters, and the two rows of longitudinal water collecting galleries are communicated through a connecting water pipe; an upstream water diversion gate is arranged at the upstream riverbed of the upstream water collecting gallery and communicated with the upstream water collecting gallery through an upstream water diversion pipe.
2. The karez underground reservoir built in the river reach of the middle and small river mountain areas according to claim 1, characterized in that a water retaining wall is fixed on the upper part of the seepage interception wall, a water diversion gate and a sand washing gate are arranged on the water retaining wall, the water diversion gate, the sand washing gate and the water retaining wall are higher than the river bed, a downstream water diversion canal and a catchment basin are arranged on the downstream of the water diversion gate, the catchment basin is communicated with the water diversion gate through the downstream water diversion canal, and a water outlet of the catchment gallery is communicated with the catchment basin through a water main pipe.
3. The campless type underground reservoir as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is constructed in a river reach of a medium or small river mountain area, wherein the intercepting walls are incompletely closed intercepting walls; or/and at least one row of water collecting galleries is integrally arranged on the riverbed at the upstream of the seepage interception wall; or/and a ventilation access hole is arranged on the water collection gallery.
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| CN101153481A (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2008-04-02 | 吴仲科 | Underground step reservoir and building method thereof |
| CN105625504A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 新疆水利水电规划设计管理局 | Qanat type underground reservoir water collection gallery in arid region |
| CN105735418A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-07-06 | 河海大学 | Underground closed conduit type phreatic water replenishing system |
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| CN101153481A (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2008-04-02 | 吴仲科 | Underground step reservoir and building method thereof |
| CN105625504A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 新疆水利水电规划设计管理局 | Qanat type underground reservoir water collection gallery in arid region |
| CN105735418A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-07-06 | 河海大学 | Underground closed conduit type phreatic water replenishing system |
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