CN112390986B - Preparation method of sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film, which comprises the following steps: preparing a few layers of MXene by using an etching stripping method, acidifying waste corrugated paper to obtain nano cellulose fibers, and then preparing a flexible film with a certain gradient and a sandwich structure by adding a water polyurethane solution by adopting an alternative suction filtration method. The invention obviously improves the mechanical property of the composite film on the basis of keeping the electromagnetic shielding property of the MXene material, and solves the problems of large brittleness, poor environmental tolerance and difficulty in bearing certain processing deformation of the MXene material. Meanwhile, the composite film prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple process, low cost and high repeatability. Is not easily affected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, and can be preserved for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material preparation, and relates to a preparation method of a sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film.
Background
With the rapid development of electronic technology, functional electromagnetic materials and devices are widely used, so that the generated electromagnetic pollution is increasingly serious, the normal operation of electronic elements is interfered, and the long-term high-intensity electromagnetic radiation pollution can also cause potential harm to human health. The traditional electromagnetic shielding material mostly uses metal materials such as copper, aluminum and the like, has large specific gravity and large volume, and has poor acid and alkali resistance, so that the application of the traditional electromagnetic shielding material in the fields of movable equipment, wearable electronics, human body protection and the like is limited. Therefore, how to prepare the ultrathin, flexible, high-strength and high-toughness electromagnetic shielding material has important research significance and practical application value.
MXenes is a new class of two-dimensional layered structure transition metal carbides/carbonitrides. In recent years, MXene materials have been widely reported as electromagnetic shielding materials because of their characteristics such as large specific surface area and high conductivity. However, MXene also has the corresponding defects of poor mechanical property, high brittleness and difficulty in bearing certain degree of processing deformation, and the expansion of the application field of MXene is limited. The nano cellulose fiber is a natural polymer material, has the advantages of high mechanical strength, strong hydrophilicity, environmental protection and the like, and is often used as a mechanical reinforcing phase of a composite material. Its unique nanofiber structure will result in reduced insulating contact of the conducting nanosheet layer. In recent years, it has been reported that the compound can be used in the field of electromagnetic shielding by being compounded with graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and the like. However, it is difficult to improve both toughness and machinability of the material while maintaining its shielding properties. Therefore, a preparation method of the reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film is needed to be found, so that the machinability of the electromagnetic shielding composite film is improved, and the application of the electromagnetic shielding composite film in the fields of flexible electronics, wearable equipment and the like is further widened.
The waterborne polyurethane is a well-known elastomer, the slippage between MXenes nanosheets is promoted through the interaction of a soft-segment polymer phase and MXenes, and the addition of the waterborne polyurethane greatly improves the toughness of the MXenes/polymer material. In addition, the aqueous polyurethane structure has a microphase separation structure, and urea groups on the main chain of the polyurethane polymer can be reacted with Ti3C2TxA large number of hydroxyl groups contained on the MXene surface form compact hydrogen bonds, so that the mechanical strength of the composite material is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film, which solves the problems that MXene serving as an electromagnetic shielding material in the prior art is poor in mechanical property, large in brittleness and difficult to bear certain processing deformation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film is implemented according to the following steps:
mixing LiF and HCl solution in a certain mass ratio to obtain mixed solution 1, and adding Ti into the mixed solution 13AlC2Obtaining a mixed solution 2, placing the mixed solution 2 in an oil bath at 35-45 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 24-36h, then centrifuging and washing to weak acidity, taking the precipitate for ultrasonic treatment, then centrifuging and separating, and taking the supernatant as MXene solution;
adding 50-70% of H by mass into a certain mass of waste corrugated paper powder2SO4Obtaining a mixed solution 3 from the solution, placing the mixed solution 3 in an oil bath at 40-50 ℃ for magnetic stirring, cleaning the mixed solution 3 to weak acidity by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, carrying out centrifugal separation, and taking supernatant fluid, namely the nano cellulose solution;
mixing the MXene solution obtained in the step 1 and the nano-cellulose solution obtained in the step 2 according to a certain volume ratio to obtain a mixed solution 4, preparing 5-10mL of an aqueous polyurethane solution with the mass fraction of 4-8%, preparing the mixed solution 4 and the aqueous polyurethane solution into a sandwich structure film by adopting an alternative suction filtration method, and naturally airing at room temperature to obtain the electromagnetic shielding composite film.
The invention is also characterized in that:
LiF and Ti in step 13AlC2The mass ratio is 1: 1, mass ratio of LiF to HCl 1: 10-15, and the concentration of HCl is 8-12M.
The ultrasonic treatment time in the step 1 is 10-30 min.
In the step 1, the rotating speed of centrifugal separation in the step 1 is 3000-4000 r/min, and the centrifugal separation time is 30-60 min.
In the step 2, the mass ratio of the waste corrugated paper to the sulfuric acid is 1: 20 to 30.
And 2, magnetically stirring for 4-6 h.
The rotating speed of centrifugal separation in the step 2 is 5000-6000 r/min, and the centrifugal separation time is 5-15 min.
In the step 3, the volume ratio of the MXene solution to the cellulose solution is 4-6: 1.
the alternative suction filtration method in the step 3 specifically comprises the steps of firstly carrying out suction filtration on the mixed solution 4 to obtain a lower layer, then carrying out suction filtration on the aqueous polyurethane solution to obtain an intermediate layer, and then carrying out suction filtration on the mixed solution 4 to obtain an upper layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method of the sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film comprises the steps of preparing hydrophilic nano cellulose fibers by using waste corrugated paper, and preparing a flexible film with a certain gradient and a sandwich structure by adding a water polyurethane solution by adopting a simple alternative suction filtration method; on the basis of maintaining the MXene electromagnetic shielding performance, the mechanical property of the composite film is obviously improved, and the problems of high brittleness, poor environmental tolerance and difficulty in bearing certain processing deformation of the MXene material are solved; meanwhile, the composite film prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple process, low cost, high repeatability, insusceptibility to environmental factors such as temperature and humidity and long-term storage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the tensile mechanical properties of composite films prepared in examples 1-5 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing fracture toughness and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the composite films prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film, which is implemented according to the following steps:
mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1: mixing 10-15 LiF and HCl solution to obtain mixed solution 1, and adding Ti into the mixed solution 13AlC2Obtaining a mixed solution 2, LiF and Ti3AlC2The mass ratio is 1: 1, putting the mixed solution 2 in an oil bath at 35-45 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 24-36h, then centrifugally washing to weak acidity, taking the precipitate for ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-30 min, then centrifugally separating, the rotational speed of centrifugal separation is 3000-4000 r/min, the time is 30-60 min, and taking the supernatant, namely the MXene solution;
adding 50-70% of H by mass into a certain mass of waste corrugated paper powder2SO4Obtaining a mixed solution 3 in the solution, wherein the mass ratio of the waste corrugated paper to the sulfuric acid is 1: 20-30, placing the mixed solution 3 in an oil bath at 40-50 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 4-6 hours, cleaning the mixed solution 3 to weak acidity by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, carrying out centrifugal separation at the rotating speed of 5000-6000 r/min for 5-15 min, and taking the supernatant as the nano cellulose solution;
mixing the MXene solution obtained in the step 1 and the nano-cellulose solution obtained in the step 2 according to a volume ratio of 4-6: 1, mixing to obtain a mixed solution 4, preparing 5-10mL of an aqueous polyurethane solution with the mass fraction of 4-8%, and performing an alternative suction filtration method on the mixed solution 4 and the aqueous polyurethane solution, specifically, firstly performing suction filtration on the mixed solution 4 to obtain a lower layer, then performing suction filtration on the aqueous polyurethane solution to obtain a middle layer, then performing suction filtration on the mixed solution 4 to obtain an upper layer, preparing a sandwich structure film, and naturally drying at room temperature to obtain the electromagnetic shielding composite film.
Example 1
0.75g of LiF and 10mL of HCl solution (12M) were mixed to obtain a mixed solution 1, and 0.75g of Ti was added to the mixed solution 13AlC2Obtaining a mixed solution 2, placing the mixed solution 2 in an oil bath with the temperature of 35 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 24 hours, then centrifuging and washing to weak acidity, taking the precipitate for ultrasonic treatment for 10min, then centrifuging and separating, wherein the centrifugal speed is 3000r/min, the centrifugal time is 30min, and taking supernatant fluid, namely the supernatant fluidAs MXene solution.
Adding 20g of H with the mass fraction of 50% into 1g of waste corrugated paper powder2SO4Obtaining a mixed solution 3 from the solution, placing the mixed solution 3 in an oil bath at 40 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 4 hours, cleaning the mixed solution 3 to weak acidity by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, carrying out centrifugal separation, wherein the centrifugal rotation speed is 5000r/min, the centrifugal time is 5min, and taking supernatant fluid, namely the nano cellulose solution.
Weighing 40mL of MXene solution obtained in the step 1 and 10mL of nano-cellulose solution obtained in the step 2, mixing according to a certain volume ratio to obtain a mixed solution 4, preparing 6mL of aqueous polyurethane solution with the mass fraction of 4%, preparing the mixed solution 4 and the aqueous polyurethane solution into a sandwich structure film by adopting an alternative suction filtration method, and naturally airing at room temperature to obtain the electromagnetic shielding composite film.
Example 2
0.75g of LiF and 12mL of HCl solution (10M) were mixed to obtain a mixed solution 1, and 0.75g of Ti was added to the mixed solution 13AlC2And (3) obtaining a mixed solution 2, placing the mixed solution 2 in an oil bath at 37 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 30h, then centrifuging and washing to weak acidity, taking the precipitate for ultrasonic treatment for 20min, then centrifuging and separating, wherein the centrifugal rotating speed is 3250r/min, the centrifugal time is 38min, and taking the supernatant, namely the MXene solution.
Adding 22g of 60 mass percent H into 1g of waste corrugated paper powder2SO4Obtaining a mixed solution 3 from the solution, placing the mixed solution 3 in an oil bath at 42 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 4.5h, cleaning the mixed solution 3 to weak acidity by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, carrying out centrifugal separation, wherein the centrifugal rotation speed is 5500r/min, the centrifugal time is 10min, and taking the supernatant fluid, namely the nano cellulose solution.
Weighing 45mL of MXene solution obtained in the step 1 and 10mL of nano-cellulose solution obtained in the step 2, mixing according to a certain volume ratio to obtain a mixed solution 4, preparing 7mL of aqueous polyurethane solution with the mass fraction of 5%, preparing a sandwich structure film from the mixed solution 4 and the aqueous polyurethane solution by adopting an alternative suction filtration method, and naturally airing at room temperature to obtain the electromagnetic shielding composite film.
Example 3
0.75g of LiF and 12mL of HCl solution (10M) were mixed to obtain a mixed solution 1, and 0.75g of Ti was added to the mixed solution 13AlC2And (3) obtaining a mixed solution 2, placing the mixed solution 2 in an oil bath at 40 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 30h, then centrifuging and washing to weak acidity, taking the precipitate for ultrasonic treatment for 20min, then centrifuging and separating, wherein the centrifugal rotation speed is 3500r/min, the centrifugal time is 45min, and taking the supernatant, namely the MXene solution.
Adding 25g of 60 mass percent H into 1g of waste corrugated paper powder2SO4Obtaining a mixed solution 3 from the solution, placing the mixed solution 3 in an oil bath at 45 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 5 hours, cleaning the mixed solution 3 to weak acidity by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, carrying out centrifugal separation, wherein the centrifugal rotation speed is 5500r/min, the centrifugal time is 10min, and taking supernatant fluid, namely the nano cellulose solution.
Weighing 50mL of MXene solution obtained in the step 1 and 10mL of nano-cellulose solution obtained in the step 2, mixing according to a certain volume ratio to obtain a mixed solution 4, preparing 8mL of aqueous polyurethane solution with the mass fraction of 6%, preparing a sandwich structure film from the mixed solution 4 and the aqueous polyurethane solution by adopting an alternative suction filtration method, and naturally airing at room temperature to obtain the electromagnetic shielding composite film.
Example 4
0.75g of LiF and 14mL of HCl solution (11M) were mixed to obtain a mixed solution 1, and 0.75g of Ti was added to the mixed solution 13AlC2And (3) obtaining a mixed solution 2, placing the mixed solution 2 in a 42 ℃ oil bath, magnetically stirring for 32h, centrifuging and washing to be weakly acidic, taking the precipitate, performing ultrasonic treatment for 25min, then performing centrifugal separation, wherein the centrifugal rotation speed is 3750r/min, the centrifugal time is 52min, and taking the supernatant, namely the MXene solution.
Adding 27g of 65 mass percent H into 1g of waste corrugated paper powder2SO4Obtaining a mixed solution 3 from the solution, placing the mixed solution 3 in an oil bath at 48 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 5.5h, cleaning the mixed solution 3 to weak acidity by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, carrying out centrifugal separation, wherein the centrifugal rotation speed is 5750r/min, the centrifugal time is 12min, and taking the supernatant, namely the nano cellulose solution.
Weighing 55mL of MXene solution obtained in the step 1 and 10mL of nano-cellulose solution obtained in the step 2, mixing according to a certain volume ratio to obtain a mixed solution 4, preparing 9mL of aqueous polyurethane solution with the mass fraction of 7%, preparing the mixed solution 4 and the aqueous polyurethane solution into a sandwich structure film by adopting an alternative suction filtration method, and naturally airing at room temperature to obtain the electromagnetic shielding composite film.
Example 5
0.75g of LiF and 15mL of HCl solution (8M) were mixed to obtain a mixed solution 1, and 0.75g of Ti was added to the mixed solution 13AlC2And (3) obtaining a mixed solution 2, placing the mixed solution 2 in an oil bath at 45 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 36h, then centrifuging and washing to weak acidity, taking the precipitate for ultrasonic treatment for 30min, then centrifuging and separating, wherein the centrifugal speed is 4000r/min, the centrifugal time is 60min, and taking the supernatant, namely the MXene solution.
Adding 30g of H with the mass fraction of 50% into 1g of waste corrugated paper powder2SO4Obtaining a mixed solution 3 from the solution, placing the mixed solution 3 in an oil bath at 40 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 6 hours, cleaning the mixed solution 3 to weak acidity by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, carrying out centrifugal separation, wherein the centrifugal rotation speed is 6000r/min, the centrifugal time is 15min, and taking supernatant fluid, namely the nano-cellulose solution.
Measuring 60mL of MXene solution obtained in the step 1 and 10mL of nano-cellulose solution obtained in the step 2, mixing according to a certain volume ratio to obtain a mixed solution 4, preparing 10mL of aqueous polyurethane solution with the mass fraction of 8%, preparing the mixed solution 4 and the aqueous polyurethane solution into a sandwich structure film by adopting an alternative suction filtration method, and naturally airing at room temperature to obtain the electromagnetic shielding composite film.
FIG. 1 is a graph of tensile mechanical properties of the composite films prepared in examples 1-5, sample 0 representing a pure MXene sample, without added cellulose and aqueous polyurethane. Samples 1-5 are the samples in examples 1-5; the addition of the cellulose and the waterborne polyurethane can obviously improve the tensile strength and the breaking strain of the composite film; wherein, when the volume ratio of the added cellulose to MXene is 1: and 5, when 8mL of aqueous polyurethane solution with the mass fraction of 6% is added, the tensile mechanical property of the composite film is best.
Fig. 2 is a graph of fracture toughness and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the composite films prepared in examples 1-5, wherein sample 0 represents pure MXene sample without added cellulose and aqueous polyurethane. Samples 1-5 are the samples in examples 1-5; the addition of the cellulose and the waterborne polyurethane can obviously improve the toughness of the composite film; wherein when the volume ratio of the added cellulose to MXene is 1: 5, when 8mL of aqueous polyurethane solution with the mass fraction of 6% is added, the toughness of the composite film is strongest; meanwhile, the conductivity of the polymer is reduced along with the increase of the content of the waterborne polyurethane, so that the electromagnetic shielding performance of the composite film is slightly reduced; the mechanical property and the electromagnetic shielding property of the composite film are integrated, and the comprehensive property of the sample 3 is excellent, so that the composite film is reinforced and toughened and has high-efficiency electromagnetic shielding property.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing MXene solution:
mixing LiF and HCl solution in a certain mass ratio to obtain mixed solution 1, and adding Ti into the mixed solution 13AlC2Obtaining a mixed solution 2, placing the mixed solution 2 in an oil bath at 35-45 ℃ for magnetic stirring for 24-36h, then centrifuging and washing to weak acidity, taking the precipitate for ultrasonic treatment, then centrifuging and separating, and taking the supernatant as MXene solution;
step 2, preparing a nano cellulose solution:
adding 50-70% of H by mass into a certain mass of waste corrugated paper powder2SO4Obtaining a mixed solution 3 from the solution, placing the mixed solution 3 in an oil bath at 40-50 ℃ for magnetic stirring, cleaning the mixed solution 3 to weak acidity by adopting a vacuum filtration mode, carrying out centrifugal separation, and taking supernatant fluid, namely the nano cellulose solution;
step 3, preparing a composite film:
mixing the MXene solution obtained in the step 1 and the nano-cellulose solution obtained in the step 2 according to a volume ratio of 4-6: 1 to obtain a mixed solution 4, preparing 5-10mL of aqueous polyurethane solution with the mass fraction of 4-8%, carrying out suction filtration on the mixed solution 4 and the aqueous polyurethane solution alternately to obtain a lower layer by suction filtration of the mixed solution 4, then carrying out suction filtration of the aqueous polyurethane solution to obtain a middle layer, then carrying out suction filtration of the mixed solution 4 to obtain an upper layer, preparing a sandwich structure film, and naturally airing at room temperature to obtain the electromagnetic shielding composite film.
2. The method for preparing the sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film according to claim 1, wherein LiF and Ti are used in the step 13AlC2The mass ratio is 1: 1, mass ratio of LiF to HCl 1: 10-15, and the concentration of HCl is 8-12M.
3. The preparation method of the sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic treatment time in the step 1 is 10-30 min.
4. The method for preparing the sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film according to claim 1, wherein the rotational speed of the centrifugal separation in step 1 is 3000-4000 r/min, and the centrifugal separation time is 30-60 min.
5. The method for preparing the sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the waste corrugated paper to the sulfuric acid in the step 2 is 1: 20 to 30.
6. The preparation method of the sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic stirring time in the step 2 is 4-6 hours.
7. The method for preparing the sandwich structure reinforced and toughened electromagnetic shielding composite film according to claim 1, wherein the rotational speed of the centrifugal separation in the step 2 is 5000-6000 r/min, and the centrifugal separation time is 5-15 min.
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