CN112389665A - Novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system and design method - Google Patents
Novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system and design method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of flight dynamics, and particularly relates to a novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system and a design method. The combined aerodynamic surface stability augmentation system is a combined stability augmentation aerodynamic surface of a horizontal empennage and a vertical empennage, the horizontal empennage improves longitudinal and transverse stability, on one hand, the low head posture of a hanging object can be reduced, on the other hand, the rear swing angle of the hanging object can be reduced, the additional low head moment of the hanging system to a helicopter is reduced, the transverse heading stability is improved by the vertical empennage, the combined stability augmentation aerodynamic surface can simultaneously improve the longitudinal, transverse and heading stability of the hanging object of a box body, the stability augmentation effect is achieved on the rolling, pitching and yawing freedom degrees, the longitudinal vibration of the hanging object is obviously weakened at large forward flying speed, the heading disturbance does not rapidly diverge any more but gradually tends to be stable, the transverse left and right side swing and the rear swing are reduced, the unstable moment of the helicopter is greatly reduced, and the stability and the operation quality of the helicopter are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flight dynamics, and particularly relates to a novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system and a design method.
Background
The hanging flight is a characteristic of a helicopter, the application of the hanging flight of the helicopter is more and more extensive, and the hanging flight of the helicopter is frequently used in various fields such as maritime rescue, forest fire fighting, geological exploration, lumbering, electric power facility erection and the like, and plays a role in lifting. However, when the helicopter is in hanging flight, unsteady separation flow exists around a hanging object, the yawing aerodynamic damping of the hanging object is unstable, the heading disturbance can cause gradual divergence of the heading motion, and simultaneously cause lateral swing of a hanging system, the unstable motion of the hanging object can generate adverse effect on the stability of the helicopter, the unstable effect can be aggravated along with the increase of the forward flying speed, and the helicopter can be difficult to control after the forward flying speed reaches a certain speed, so the unsteady effect becomes a main factor for limiting the forward flying speed of the hanging flight of the helicopter, the forward flying speed can not be increased under the condition that the available power of the helicopter is still surplus, and the transportation efficiency of the hanging flight is greatly reduced.
In order to solve the problem, the aerodynamic characteristics of the hanging object are changed by adding air planes on the surface of the hanging object, and the lateral and heading coupled motion of the hanging system is reconstructed, so that the effect of stabilizing the hanging system is achieved. The study is more to install vertical fin aerodynamic surface additional in hanging thing top and rear symmetry, the difference is the position of installing additional, it is common to have the top to arrange around, arrange in the top back, the rear is arranged, middle and upper arrangement in the rear, the rear upper place is arranged, these settings have all played certain steady effect that increases, but these aerodynamic surfaces all have certain contained angle usually, lead to aerodynamic drag to increase, make the back pendulum of hanging the thing increase, pneumatic center and hanging thing focus are not at same horizontal plane simultaneously, cause hanging thing every single move and roll unsteady moment, and then cause adverse effect for helicopter stability.
The combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system and the design method have stability augmentation effects on the rolling freedom degree, the pitching freedom degree and the yawing freedom degree, so that the pitching freedom degree, the transverse swinging freedom degree, the yaw angle and the backswing freedom degree of the hanging object are all reduced, the pneumatic stability of the hanging object is greatly improved, and the combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system and the design method have good application prospects for hanging flight.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the combined aerodynamic surface stability augmentation system and the design method are the combined horizontal tail wing and vertical tail wing stability augmentation system and the design method, can simultaneously improve the longitudinal stability, the transverse stability and the course stability of a hung object, and solve the problem that the pitching and rolling unstable moments of the hung object are easily caused by the conventional stability augmentation aerodynamic surface.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, according to a first aspect of the invention, a novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system is provided, which comprises a box body hanging object (1), a horizontal tail wing (2), a vertical tail wing (3) and a bracket (4);
the horizontal tail (2) comprises a left horizontal tail (21) and a right horizontal tail (22), and the left horizontal tail (21) and the right horizontal tail (22) are respectively and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the box body hanging object (1) so as to keep the moment balance in the rolling direction, reduce the rear swing and provide the transverse stability;
the vertical tail (3) comprises a left vertical tail (31) and a right vertical tail (32), and the left vertical tail (31) and the right vertical tail (32) are symmetrically arranged on the rear end face of the box body hanging object (1) so as to reduce the influence of the box body hanging object wake flow and enhance the heading stability augmentation effect; the left vertical tail wing (31) and the right vertical tail wing (32) are respectively fixedly connected with the rear end face of the box body hanging object (1) through the bracket (4).
In one possible embodiment, the horizontal tail (2) is installed reversely, namely the lifting force is downward, so as to reduce the backswing of the hung object of the box body, and an installation angle beta exists between the horizontal tail (2) and the horizontal plane1So as to obtain larger lift force and increase the stability augmentation effect.
In one possible embodiment, the horizontal tail wings (2) are arranged on the upper parts of the two side end surfaces of the box body hanging object (1).
In one possible embodiment, the horizontal plane of the installing direction of the bracket (4) is parallel to the upper end face and the lower end face of the box body hanging object (1), and the vertical plane of the installing direction of the bracket (4) and the rear end face of the box body hanging object (1) have a bracket installing angle beta2。
In one possible embodiment, the bracket mounting angle ranges from 90 ° to 180 °.
In one possible embodiment, the vertical tail wing (3) and the end surfaces of the two sides of the box body hanging object (1) have an installation angle beta3。
In one possible embodiment, the bracket (4) is arranged at the upper part of the rear end face of the box hanger (1).
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a design method of a novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system is provided for the novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system, and the design method includes the following steps:
s1: mounting angle beta of horizontal tail wing1And length L1And a chord length R1As an unknown quantity, calculating the aerodynamic force of the horizontal tail wing by adopting a wing surface lift force and resistance calculation formula;
mounting angle beta of vertical tail3And length L2And a chord length R2As an unknown quantity, calculating aerodynamic force of the vertical tail wing by adopting a wing surface lift force and resistance calculation formula;
considering the aerodynamic force of six degrees of freedom of the box body hanging object and the aerodynamic force of the horizontal tail wing and the vertical tail wing, a flight dynamics model of coupling of the box body hanging object and the stability-increasing aerodynamic surface is established;
s2: performing linear processing on a flight dynamics equation of the box body hanging system by adopting a small disturbance linear theory to obtain a characteristic matrix of the movement of the box body hanging system, analyzing the characteristic matrix to obtain a characteristic root of the characteristic matrix, and analyzing the characteristic root to obtain the stability of the box body hanging system;
s3: for the stability of the box hanging system, the mounting angle beta of the horizontal tail wing (2)1And length L1And a chord length R1And the angle of incidence beta of said vertical tail (3)3And length L2And a chord length R2And respectively carrying out parameter sensitivity analysis.
In one possible embodiment, in step S3, the installation angle β of the horizontal rear wing (2)1And length L1And a chord length R1The parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out by determining a set of parameters of the vertical flight (3) for the angle of incidence beta of the horizontal flight (2)1And length L1And a chord length R1Determining any two parameters by adopting a control variable method, analyzing the influence of the other parameter on the stability of the box body hanging object (1), and selecting the minimum parameter which ensures that all stability characteristic root real parts of the box body hanging object (1) are negative values as the installation angle beta of the horizontal tail wing (2) respectively1And length L1And a chord length R1。
In a possible embodiment, in step S3, the angle of incidence β of the vertical tail (3)3And length L2And a chord length R2The parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out by determining a set of parameters of the horizontal flight (2), the angle of incidence beta of the vertical flight (3)3Is 0 DEG, the spreading length L2The height of the vertical tail wing (3) is consistent with that of the box body hanging object (1), and the chord length R of the vertical tail wing (3) is analyzed2The influence on the stability of the box body hanging system is that the minimum chord length which enables all the stability characteristic root real parts of the box body hanging object (1) to be negative is selected as the chord length R of the vertical tail wing (3)2。
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the combined aerodynamic surface stability augmentation system of the invention is a combined aerodynamic surface augmentation of a horizontal empennage and a vertical empennage, the horizontal empennage improves the longitudinal and transverse stability, on one hand, the head lowering gesture of a hanging object can be reduced, on the other hand, the backswing angle of the hanging object can also be reduced, the additional head lowering moment of the hanging system to a helicopter is reduced, the transverse heading stability is improved by the vertical empennage, the combined aerodynamic surface augmentation system can simultaneously improve the longitudinal, transverse and heading stability of the hanging object of a box body, has the effect of stabilizing the freedom degrees of rolling, pitching and yawing, obviously weakens the longitudinal vibration of the hanging object under the large forward flying speed, gradually stabilizes the heading direction after being disturbed and not rapidly dispersed, reduces the transverse left-right side swing and the transverse rear swing, the unstable moment to the helicopter is greatly reduced, the stability and the control quality of the helicopter are obviously improved, and the effect of improving the maximum flying speed of the helicopter for hanging is further achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
description of numbering: 1-hanging objects in a box body; 21-left horizontal tail; 22-right horizontal tail; 31-left vertical tail; 32-right vertical tail; 4-bracket.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system comprises a box body hanging object (1), a horizontal tail wing (2), a vertical tail wing (3) and a support (4);
the horizontal tail (2) comprises a left horizontal tail (21) and a right horizontal tail (22), and the left horizontal tail (21) and the right horizontal tail (22) are respectively and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the box body hanging object (1);
the vertical tail wing (3) comprises a left vertical tail wing (31) and a right vertical tail wing (32), and the left vertical tail wing (31) and the right vertical tail wing (32) are symmetrically arranged on the rear end surface of the box body hanging object (1); the left vertical tail wing (31) and the right vertical tail wing (32) are respectively fixedly connected with the rear end face of the box body hanging object (1) through the bracket (4);
the horizontal tail wing (2) is reversely installed, and an installation angle beta exists between the horizontal tail wing (2) and the horizontal plane1；
The horizontal tail wings (2) are arranged on the upper parts of the end surfaces of the two sides of the box body hanging object (1);
the plane of the mounting direction of the bracket (4) is parallel to the upper and lower end faces of the box body hanging object (1), and a bracket mounting angle beta exists between the mounting direction of the bracket (4) and the rear end face of the box body hanging object (1)2The mounting angle of the bracket is 135 degrees;
the vertical tail (3) and the vertical plane form a vertical mounting angle beta3In this embodiment, taken as 0 °, the extension L of the vertical tail (3) is2The height of the hanging object is consistent with that of the box body; the bracket (4) is arranged on the upper part of the end surface of the rear side of the box body hanging object (1).
When the helicopter is hung and flies, the left and right horizontal tail wings are reversely arranged to generate downward lift force, so that the low head posture of a hung object can be reduced, the backswing angle of the hung object can be reduced, the additional low head moment of a hanging system to the helicopter is reduced, when the transverse direction is not disturbed, the lift forces of the left and right horizontal tail wings are balanced with each other, and rolling moment can not be generated; the left vertical tail wing and the right vertical tail wing are provided with installation angles of 0 degree and respectively generate lift forces towards two sides, when the course is not disturbed, the lift forces of the left vertical tail wing and the right vertical tail wing are balanced with each other, no yaw moment is generated, the hung object is supposed to generate left yaw (the front end of the hung object is deviated left) due to yaw disturbance, airflow is blown from the left front of the hung object, the pneumatic attack angle of the left vertical tail wing is smaller, the lift force is reduced, the pneumatic attack angle of the right vertical tail wing is increased, the lift force is increased, rightward yaw moment, namely course restoring moment is generated, the left yaw of the hung object is corrected, and the course of the hung. The horizontal tail and the vertical tail combined stability-enhancing aerodynamic surface can simultaneously improve the longitudinal stability, the transverse stability and the course stability of a hanging object of the box body, and is favorable for improving the hanging flight speed of the helicopter and improving the transportation efficiency.
The following describes the selection of the parameters of the horizontal and vertical tail surfaces.
The airfoil aerodynamic force can be calculated from equation (1),
in the formula, FL、FDLift, drag of airfoil surface, CL、CDThe airfoil angle of attack is composed of a mounting angle and a relative inflow angle, rho is air density, V is relative inflow velocity at the airfoil, R is airfoil chord length, and L is airfoil span length.
The aerodynamic force of the horizontal tail and the vertical tail is loaded into a suspended object flight dynamics model, as shown in formula (2),
wherein m is the mass of the hanging object,
acceleration of the hung object, F is the resultant force of the hung object except the aerodynamic force of the horizontal tail wing and the vertical tail wing, FLhFor horizontal tail lift, FDhFor drag of horizontal tail, FLvFor vertical tail lift, FDvIs the resistance of the vertical tail, I is the inertia moment of the suspended object,
for angular acceleration of the suspended object, M is for removing water from the suspended objectResultant moment outside aerodynamic moment of flat tail and vertical tail, LLhIs a lifting force arm of the horizontal tail wing LDhIs a drag force arm of the horizontal tail wing LLvIs a lifting force arm of the vertical tail wing LDvIs a vertical tail resistance force arm.
And (3) adopting a small disturbance linearization theory to linearize the flying dynamics equation of the suspended object, obtaining a characteristic matrix A of the motion equation of the suspended object according to formula (3), further obtaining a characteristic root reflecting the stability of the suspended object, wherein the real part of the characteristic root is negative, the system stability is represented, and the larger the absolute value of the negative real part is, the larger the motion damping of the suspended object is, and the faster the motion attenuation is after disturbance. The combination of a small installation angle, a length expansion and a chord length which enables the root real part of all the motion characteristics of the hanging object to be negative is selected so as to reduce the pneumatic stability augmentation structural weight and the vertical downward additional force and reduce the load of the helicopter under the condition of certain weight of the hanging object.
In the formula, X
The state quantity of the hanging object of the box body and the first derivative of the state quantity are provided, the state quantity comprises a three-axis translation speed, a three-axis angular speed and a three-axis attitude angle, and A is a motion equation coefficient matrix.
When the installation angle, the spread length and the chord length of the horizontal tail wing and the chord length of the vertical tail wing are selected, the installation angle beta is used1For example, the parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out by first assuming the span length L of the horizontal tail 11/4 of long side of hanging object of box body, chord length R 11/4 of short side of hanging object of box body and mounting angle beta of vertical tail wing3Is 0 degree and is extended by L2The height of the hanging object is consistent with that of the box body, and the chord length R2Is half of the short side of the article hung on the box body, and takes the installation angle beta of the horizontal tail wing1The stability characteristic root of the hanging object is a dependent variable, and the minimum beta which enables the real part of the stability characteristic root to be a negative value is obtained through analysis1Namely the preliminarily selected installation angle of the horizontal tail. Other ginsengNumber selection method and installation angle beta of the horizontal rear wing1The selection method is the same.
The combined aerodynamic surface stability augmentation system is designed in detail by taking box body hanging objects as an example, assuming that the long sides, the short sides and the heights of the box body are respectively a, b and c, the chord length of a horizontal tail wing is b/4, the spreading length is a/4, installation angles of 10 degrees in reverse direction are reversely arranged at two ends of the short side at the rear upper part of the box body, and the rear edge of a wing surface is flush with the rear edge of the box body; the chord length of the vertical tail wing is b/2, the span length is c, the symmetrical 0-degree installation angles are reversely arranged on two sides of the short side at the rear upper part of the box body, the lifting forces are outward and are connected with the box body through a support, the front edge of the wing surface is a/4 away from the rear surface of the box body and c/4 away from the side surface of the box body, one half of the span direction is positioned above the box body, and the other half is positioned below the box body. Under the arrangement of the horizontal tail and the vertical tail, the hung object has better longitudinal and transverse stability and course stability, meanwhile, the pneumatic stability-increasing structure weight and the generated vertical downward additional force are not large, and the additional load on the helicopter is smaller.
The foregoing is merely a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, and some of the conventional techniques are not detailed. The scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention will be covered by the scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system is characterized by comprising a box body hanging object (1), a horizontal tail wing (2), a vertical tail wing (3) and a support (4);
the horizontal tail (2) comprises a left horizontal tail (21) and a right horizontal tail (22), and the left horizontal tail (21) and the right horizontal tail (22) are respectively and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the box body hanging object (1);
the vertical tail wing (3) comprises a left vertical tail wing (31) and a right vertical tail wing (32), and the left vertical tail wing (31) and the right vertical tail wing (32) are symmetrically arranged on the rear end surface of the box body hanging object (1); the left vertical tail wing (31) and the right vertical tail wing (32) are respectively fixedly connected with the rear end face of the box body hanging object (1) through the bracket (4).
2. The system for stabilizing a suspended object combined with a pneumatic surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the horizontal rear wing (2) is installed in a reverse direction, and a horizontal installation angle β exists between the horizontal rear wing (2) and a horizontal plane1。
3. The novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the horizontal tail wings (2) are mounted on the upper portions of the end surfaces of the two sides of the box hanging object (1).
4. The novel hanging object combination pneumatic surface stability augmentation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plane of the mounting direction of the bracket (4) is parallel to the upper and lower end surfaces of the box hanging object (1), and a bracket mounting angle β exists between the mounting direction of the bracket (4) and the rear end surface of the box hanging object (1)2The mounting angle of the bracket ranges from 90 degrees to 180 degrees.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the vertical tail (3) has a vertical mounting angle β with respect to the vertical plane3。
6. The novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bracket (4) is mounted on the upper portion of the rear end surface of the box hanging object (1).
7. A design method of a novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system is provided, aiming at the novel hanging object combined pneumatic surface stability augmentation system of any one of claims 1-6, and comprises the following steps:
s1: mounting angle beta of horizontal tail wing1And length L1And a chord length R1As unknown quantity, calculating water by adopting wing surface lift force and resistance calculation formulaAerodynamic force of the flat tail;
mounting angle beta of vertical tail3And length L2And a chord length R2As an unknown quantity, calculating aerodynamic force of the vertical tail wing by adopting a wing surface lift force and resistance calculation formula;
considering the aerodynamic force of six degrees of freedom of the box body hanging object and the aerodynamic force of the horizontal tail wing and the vertical tail wing, a flight dynamics model of coupling of the box body hanging object and the stability-increasing aerodynamic surface is established;
s2: performing linear processing on a flight dynamics equation of the box body hanging system by adopting a small disturbance linear theory to obtain a characteristic matrix of the movement of the box body hanging system, analyzing the characteristic matrix to obtain a characteristic root of the characteristic matrix, and analyzing the characteristic root to obtain the stability of the box body hanging system;
s3: for the stability of the box hanging system, the mounting angle beta of the horizontal tail wing (2)1And length L1And a chord length R1And the angle of incidence beta of said vertical tail (3)3And length L2And a chord length R2And respectively carrying out parameter sensitivity analysis.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein in step S3, the horizontal rear wing (2) has a mounting angle β1And length L1And a chord length R1The parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out by determining a set of parameters of the vertical flight (3) for the angle of incidence beta of the horizontal flight (2)1And length L1And a chord length R1Determining any two parameters by adopting a control variable method, analyzing the influence of the other parameter on the stability of the box body hanging object (1), and selecting the minimum parameter which ensures that all stability characteristic root real parts of the box body hanging object (1) are negative values as the installation angle beta of the horizontal tail wing (2) respectively1And length L1And a chord length R1。
9. The system of claim 7, wherein the step S3 is executed in step S3The angle of incidence beta of said vertical tail (3)3And length L2And a chord length R2The parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out by determining a set of parameters of the horizontal flight (2), the angle of incidence beta of the vertical flight (3)3Is 0 DEG, the spreading length L2The height of the vertical tail wing (3) is consistent with that of the box body hanging object (1), and the chord length R of the vertical tail wing (3) is analyzed2The influence on the stability of the box body hanging system is that the minimum chord length which enables all the stability characteristic root real parts of the box body hanging object (1) to be negative is selected as the chord length R of the vertical tail wing (3)2。
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| CN112389665B (en) | 2022-09-13 |
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