CN112382428B - Combined type nanosecond laser decontamination device and method for radioactive decontamination - Google Patents
Combined type nanosecond laser decontamination device and method for radioactive decontamination Download PDFInfo
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- CN112382428B CN112382428B CN202011208344.3A CN202011208344A CN112382428B CN 112382428 B CN112382428 B CN 112382428B CN 202011208344 A CN202011208344 A CN 202011208344A CN 112382428 B CN112382428 B CN 112382428B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
- B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined type nanosecond laser decontamination device and a decontamination method for radioactive decontamination, wherein the cooperative decontamination method comprises the following steps: driving an optical module of the combined type nanosecond laser decontamination device to perform scanning type stepping movement above a workpiece to be decontaminated, wherein a preset time interval exists between two adjacent stepping movements, after each stepping movement, starting the high-efficiency nanosecond laser firstly, stopping after running for a first time period, starting the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser after a second time period, stopping after running for a third time period, and stopping the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser until the next high-efficiency nanosecond laser is started for a fourth time period; and the optical module moves step by step according to the above steps until the scanning of the upper surface of the workpiece to be decontaminated is completed. According to the two-path laser interval cooperation composite operation, the decontamination of the surface attachment to be decontaminated and the deep stripping dissociation controlled decontamination of the radioactive member can be completed only by one-time scanning, and the decontamination efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of decontamination of nuclear industry, in particular to a composite nanosecond laser decontamination device and a decontamination method for radioactive decontamination.
Background
China is one of the largest countries of nuclear facility construction scale in the world, the country vigorously pushes energy structure strategic adjustment, and focuses on nuclear energy development, but research and development of new technology related to nuclear facility decommissioning are relatively delayed, and in a long time in future, China may face increasing decommissioning activities of civil nuclear and radiation facilities, and radioactive wastes generated at the time need safe removal and management, so that research on nuclear facility decommissioning technology is reluctant. Meanwhile, radioactive attachments peculiar to nuclear facilities and complex attachment types impose many special technical requirements on the laser decontamination process, and therefore, research on green, non-contact, automatic, unmanned, information and intelligent laser decontamination in the field of nuclear facility decontamination is urgent.
After the nuclear facility is operated, radioactive components which need to be decommissioned are inevitably generated. The decommissioning of the radioactive components of the nuclear facilities needs technical treatment such as dismantling and decontamination. The nuclear reactor engineering decommissioning is different from the general facility dismantling, the nuclear reactor decommissioning is a complex process, and the nuclear reactor decommissioning is mainly characterized in that the reactor which runs for decades becomes a strong radioactive source, and all parts are polluted by neutron activation and radioactive nuclides in different degrees. Thus, decommissioning of nuclear facilities is difficult, time consuming, and non-viable work.
The nuclear facility waste metal categories are: stainless steel, carbon steel, nickel-based alloy and the like, do not contain activated products, have different geometrical shapes of waste metals, and temporarily occupy a larger storage area of a temporary storage site. The proper waste metal decontamination technology is required to be adopted, the type, the geometric shape, the pollution nuclide, the pollution level and the like of the radioactive waste metal are considered, and the proper waste metal decontamination equipment is researched and developed by referring to the current national standards (the cleaning and control level, the radioactive waste classification, the personal dose limit value and the like), so that the radioactive polluted waste metal is effectively treated, and the disassembly and disassembly are convenient, so that the purpose of reducing the size of the waste metal or cleaning and control is achieved.
The solid waste treatment of radioactive metals in nuclear facilities has urgent need for advanced decontamination technology. The traditional decontamination methods such as mechanical polishing, chemical dissolution, liquid powerful washing, ultrasound and the like have the limitations of low efficiency, environmental pollution, poor precision and the like, and cannot meet the requirements of high efficiency, precision and environmental protection decontamination. The traditional decontamination methods used in engineering practice present a number of implementation difficulties, such as: the secondary waste amount is too large, the exposure dose of personnel exceeds the standard, the waste recovery is difficult, and the like. Compared with the traditional decontamination method, the laser decontamination method has the characteristics of non-contact, accurate positioning, high efficiency, strong controllability, no environmental pollution and the like. Has incomparable advantages compared with the traditional decontamination method, and can meet the high-end requirements of high decontamination efficiency, safety, environmental protection and the like in the nuclear field by fusing with the modern intelligent control technology.
The essence of laser decontamination is the complex physicochemical action of laser and a dirt layer, namely, the laser of continuous or pulse laser overcomes the binding force between dirt and the surface of a substrate, so that the dirt is separated from the surface of the substrate to achieve the aim of cleaning. The main mechanism is as follows: firstly, the heat output generated by the laser beam is directly transmitted to the dirt, and the dirt is heated to expand and continuously accumulate, so that the expansion force enough to separate from the surface of the base material is generated; secondly, the high-energy laser beam generates high temperature of hundreds or thousands of degrees at a focus so as to instantly expand, burn, vaporize, evaporate or decompose pollutants; thirdly, the high-energy-density pulse laser impacts the dirt to generate high-frequency vibration so as to separate the dirt from the surface of the base material.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a composite nanosecond laser decontamination apparatus and decontamination method for radioactive decontamination, the technical solution is as follows:
on one hand, the composite nanosecond laser decontamination device for radioactive decontamination is provided, and comprises a high-efficiency nanosecond laser, an ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser, a first collimation isolator, a second collimation isolator, a beam combiner, an X galvanometer, a Y galvanometer, a field lens, a driving mechanism and a controller;
the output end of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser is connected with the input end of the first collimating isolator through a first optical cable, the output end of the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser is connected with the input end of the second collimating isolator through a second optical cable, the first collimating isolator and the second collimating isolator respectively correspond to two light inlets of the beam combiner, the X-shaped galvanometer is used for scanning the emergent light of the beam combiner in the X direction, and the Y-shaped galvanometer is used for scanning the emergent light of the beam combiner in the Y direction; the field lens is arranged on the light emergent sides of the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer;
the first collimation isolator, the second collimation isolator, the beam combiner, the X galvanometer, the Y galvanometer and the field lens are integrated into an optical module, and the driving mechanism drives the optical module to move in an X-Y two-dimensional space or a three-dimensional space under the control of the controller;
the output power adjusting ranges of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser and the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser are both 0-1000W, the repetition frequency adjusting ranges of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser and the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser are both 20-40000 khz, and the peak power of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser is larger than or equal to 3 times of the pulse width of the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser.
Further, under the control of the controller, the high-efficiency nanosecond laser and the ultra-high-energy nanosecond laser alternately work at preset time intervals, and the single working time of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser is longer than that of the ultra-high-energy nanosecond laser.
Alternatively, the X-galvanometer and the Y-galvanometer may scan a linear light beam and/or a planar light beam.
In another aspect, a composite laser cooperative decontamination method based on the composite nanosecond laser decontamination device described above is provided, which includes the following steps: driving an optical module of the combined type nanosecond laser decontamination device to perform scanning type stepping movement above a workpiece to be decontaminated, wherein a preset total time interval exists between every two adjacent stepping movements, after each stepping movement, starting the high-efficiency nanosecond laser firstly, stopping the high-efficiency nanosecond laser after the high-efficiency nanosecond laser operates for a first time period, starting the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser after a second time period, stopping the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser after a third time period operates, stopping the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser, and stopping the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser until a fourth time period elapses between the next starting of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser, wherein the total time interval is the sum of the first time period, the second time period, the third time period and the fourth time period; and the optical module moves step by step according to the above steps until the scanning of the upper surface of the workpiece to be decontaminated is completed.
Further, the distance of stepping movement is set to be less than or equal to the side length of the planar area or the line width of the linear area according to the size of the planar area or the line width of the linear area of the light rays obtained by scanning of the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer.
Specifically, the first period of time is set to be greater than the third period of time.
Specifically, before the laser is started, the method further comprises an initialization operation which comprises the steps of placing the workpiece to be decontaminated on a designated area on the workbench and driving the optical module to move to an initialization position.
Preferably, the workpiece to be decontaminated is a radioactive member, and the composite laser cooperative decontamination method is used in combination with a cutting and welding technology to repair the radioactive member.
Preferably, dynamic focusing, surface three-dimensional contour reconstruction technology and laser beam focal spot space-time shaping technology in laser flight 3D printing are combined, and accurate laser decontamination of a small-curvature corner area is achieved by utilizing light field airspace regulation, galvanometer scanning contour matching, optimal path planning, position sensing and multi-element laser parameter closed-loop feedback control technology.
The invention has the following advantages:
a. the technology of compounding a high-efficiency nanosecond laser and an ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser is adopted, and the technical requirements of radioactive metal waste smelting solution control and cleaning solution control on two different indexes are met;
b. the high-efficiency nanosecond laser realizes rapid nondestructive decontamination of the surface pollution of the part;
c. the ultra-high energy nanosecond laser emits light for high power and high beam quality, thoroughly removes possible activated products, and realizes integral deep stripping dissociation controlled decontamination.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a composite nanosecond laser decontamination apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of the laser decontamination apparatus of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a timing diagram of an operating waveform of the composite nanosecond laser according to the embodiment of the invention.
Wherein the reference numerals include: the device comprises an 11-high-efficiency nanosecond laser, a 12-ultra-high-energy nanosecond laser, a 21-first collimation isolator, a 22-second collimation isolator, a 3-beam combining mirror, a 41-X vibrating mirror, a 42-Y vibrating mirror, a 5-field lens, a 61-first optical cable and a 62-second optical cable.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a composite nanosecond laser decontamination device for radioactive decontamination is provided, as shown in fig. 1, the composite nanosecond laser decontamination device includes a high-efficiency nanosecond laser 11, an ultra-high energy nanosecond laser 12, a first collimating isolator 21, a second collimating isolator 22, a beam combiner 3, an X galvanometer 41, a Y galvanometer 42, a field lens 5, a driving mechanism and a controller;
an output end of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser 11 is connected to an input end of the first collimating isolator 21 through a first optical cable 61, an output end of the ultra-high-energy nanosecond laser 12 is connected to an input end of the second collimating isolator 22 through a second optical cable 62, as shown in fig. 2, the first collimating isolator 21 and the second collimating isolator 22 respectively correspond to two light inlets of the beam combiner 3, the X-ray vibrating mirror 41 is configured to scan light emitted from the beam combiner 3 in an X direction, and the Y-ray vibrating mirror 42 is configured to scan light emitted from the beam combiner 3 in a Y direction; the field lens 5 is arranged on the light-emitting sides of the X-galvanometer 41 and the Y-galvanometer 42. The combined nanosecond laser decontamination device integrates two paths of laser at a specific angle through the beam combining lens, and the beam combining lens needs to meet the requirements of parameter indexes such as wavelength, power and energy density of the two paths of laser. The two lasers realize compound cooperative decontamination through a series of control.
The first collimation isolator 21, the second collimation isolator 22, the beam combiner 3, the X galvanometer 41, the Y galvanometer 42 and the field lens 5 are integrated into an optical module, and the driving mechanism drives the optical module to move in an X-Y two-dimensional space or a three-dimensional space under the control of the controller; the X-galvanometer 41 and the Y-galvanometer 42 can scan a linear light beam and/or a planar light beam.
The output power regulation range of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser 11 is 0-1000W, and the high-efficiency nanosecond laser adopts a traditional high-power nondestructive laser decontamination system (by shaping, the light beam distribution is customized flat-top light distribution, nondestructive decontamination can be realized), so that rapid decontamination of the surface contamination of the part is realized; the output power adjusting range of the ultra-high energy nanosecond laser 12 is 0-1000W, the repetition frequency adjusting range of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser and the ultra-high energy nanosecond laser is 20-40000 khz, the pulse width of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser 11 is larger than or equal to three times of the pulse width of the ultra-high energy nanosecond laser 12, the ultra-high energy nanosecond laser adopts high-power high-beam-quality laser (through shaping, beam splitting is designed to be customized pulse light distribution, the unit time beam energy is high, the light spot quality is high), the deep stripping of the surface layer of the component substrate is realized, and therefore possible activation products are thoroughly removed, and the integral deep stripping dissociation controlled decontamination is realized.
In this embodiment, the output power of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser 11 is 500W, and the output power of the ultra-high-energy nanosecond laser 12 is 1000W. The energy density of the ultra-high energy nanosecond laser 12 is far greater than that of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser 11, and as shown in fig. 3, in a working timing diagram in the same time domain, the ultra-high energy nanosecond laser 12 can generate ultra-high energy instantaneously to realize deep stripping dissociation controlled decontamination.
Further, under the control of the controller, the high-efficiency nanosecond laser 11 and the ultra-high-energy nanosecond laser 12 alternately work at preset time intervals, and the single working time of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser 11 is longer than that of the ultra-high-energy nanosecond laser 12.
In another aspect, a composite laser cooperative decontamination method based on the composite nanosecond laser decontamination device described above is provided, which includes the following steps: specifically, before the laser is started, an initialization operation is first performed, which includes placing a workpiece to be decontaminated on a designated area on a table and driving the optical module to move to an initialization position.
Secondly, an optical module of the combined nanosecond laser decontamination device is driven to perform scanning type stepping movement above a workpiece to be decontaminated, a preset total time interval exists between every two adjacent stepping movements, as shown in fig. 3, after each stepping movement, the high-efficiency nanosecond laser is started firstly, and is stopped after a first time period (t1) is operated, the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser is started after a second time period (t2) is operated, and is stopped after a third time period (t3) is operated, the first time period (t1) is preferably greater than the third time period (t3), and the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser is stopped until a fourth time period (t4) is started next time, wherein the total time interval is the sum of the first time period, the second time period, the third time period and the fourth time period (t1+ t2+ t3+ t4), namely, the switching on operation of the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser → the high-efficiency nanosecond laser is performed according to the switching on operation of the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser The laser is turned off, thereby cycling. The time interval of laser cooperation can be controlled to be ms level, and two paths of laser cooperate to perform composite operation at intervals. And the optical module moves step by step according to the above steps until the scanning of the upper surface of the workpiece to be decontaminated is completed.
Further, the distance of stepping movement is set to be less than or equal to the side length of the planar area or the line width of the linear area according to the size of the planar area or the line width of the linear area of the light rays obtained by scanning of the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer.
Obviously, in addition to the composite laser cooperative decontamination by applying the composite nanosecond laser decontamination device disclosed by the invention, other decontamination modes can be applied, such as independently starting a high-efficiency nanosecond laser aiming at a non-radioactive component to realize the high-efficiency laser decontamination of surface attachments; or independently starting the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser for the radioactive member without the attachment on the surface to realize deep stripping of the base material and realize deep stripping dissociation controlled decontamination of the nuclear facility; or, firstly, the high-efficiency nanosecond laser is used for efficiently decontaminating the surface to be decontaminated, the surface attachment is removed and then the surface attachment returns to the initial working position, and the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser is used for realizing deep stripping of the base material and realizing deep stripping dissociation controlled decontamination of the nuclear facility.
Compared with the third mode, the combined laser cooperative decontamination method in the above embodiment has at least the following advantages:
1) the decontamination of the surface attachment to be decontaminated and the deep stripping dissociation controlled decontamination of the radioactive member can be completed only by one-time scanning, so that the decontamination efficiency is improved;
2) the cooperative time interval of the lasers is set at microsecond level or millisecond level, so that heat accumulation is weakened, heat dissipation is facilitated, and the service life of equipment is prolonged.
In one embodiment of the invention, the workpiece to be decontaminated is a radioactive member, and the composite laser cooperative decontamination method is used in combination with a cutting and welding technology to repair the radioactive member. The laser decontamination technology is applied to nuclear facility decontamination, and can be used in combination with other technologies (such as cutting, welding and the like) to finish the repair of radioactive members, and more particularly, a high-tech decontamination means can be provided for the decontamination operation of metal members, tools and the like in an AC factory building, so that the aim of cleaning, solution and control is finally fulfilled. The laser surface treatment technology is one of novel technologies of high-energy beam processing, has the advantages of green cleanness, non-contact property, stability, transmissibility, high-dose environmental adaptability and the like, can conveniently realize remote operation by optical fiber transmission aiming at radioactive waste metal surface radioactive removal, can clean parts which are difficult to reach by the traditional method, has higher environmental adaptability, and has important significance for ensuring personnel safety and realizing decontamination and cleaning.
In one embodiment of the invention, a dynamic focusing/surface three-dimensional profile reconstruction technology in laser flight 3D printing is combined with a laser beam focal spot space-time shaping technology, accurate laser decontamination of a small-curvature corner area is realized by utilizing light field airspace regulation, galvanometer scanning profile matching, optimal path planning, position sensing, multi-element laser parameter closed-loop feedback control and the like, a conformal surface three-dimensional dynamic laser decontamination head module and a multi-gear focal spot morphology on-line rapid automatic shear system are developed, and the problems of inconsistent spot power density distribution and uneven decontamination effect caused by laser spot defocusing in a complex geometric component/large-gradient surface type decontamination process are solved.
According to the invention, the efficient nanosecond laser and the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser are used for performing interval cooperation composite operation, and the decontamination of the surface attachment to be decontaminated and the deep stripping dissociation controlled decontamination of the radioactive member can be completed only by one-time scanning, so that the decontamination efficiency is improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes that can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A combined type nanosecond laser decontamination device for radioactive decontamination is characterized by comprising a high-efficiency nanosecond laser (11), an ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser (12), a first collimation isolator (21), a second collimation isolator (22), a beam combiner (3), an X galvanometer (41), a Y galvanometer (42), a field lens (5), a driving mechanism and a controller;
the output end of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser (11) is connected with the input end of the first collimating isolator (21) through a first optical cable (61), the output end of the ultra-high-energy nanosecond laser (12) is connected with the input end of the second collimating isolator (22) through a second optical cable (62), the first collimating isolator (21) and the second collimating isolator (22) respectively correspond to two light inlets of the beam combiner (3), the X-ray vibrating mirror (41) is used for scanning the light emitted from the beam combiner (3) in the X direction, and the Y-ray vibrating mirror (42) is used for scanning the light emitted from the beam combiner (3) in the Y direction; the field lens (5) is arranged on the light-emitting sides of the X galvanometer (41) and the Y galvanometer (42);
the first collimation isolator (21), the second collimation isolator (22), the beam combiner (3), the X galvanometer (41), the Y galvanometer (42) and the field lens (5) are integrated into an optical module, and the driving mechanism drives the optical module to move in an X-Y two-dimensional space or a three-dimensional space under the control of the controller;
the output power adjusting ranges of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser (11) and the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser (12) are both 0-1000W, the repetition frequency adjusting ranges of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser (11) and the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser (12) are both 20-40000 khz, and the pulse width of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser (11) is greater than or equal to 3 times of the pulse width of the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser (12);
and under the control of the controller, the high-efficiency nanosecond laser (11) and the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser (12) alternately work at preset time intervals.
2. The composite nanosecond laser decontamination device according to claim 1, wherein a single on-time of said high efficiency nanosecond laser (11) is greater than a single on-time of said ultra high energy nanosecond laser (12).
3. The nanosecond laser decontamination device according to claim 1, wherein the X-galvanometer (41) and the Y-galvanometer (42) are capable of scanning to obtain linear and/or planar light.
4. A composite laser cooperative decontamination method based on the composite nanosecond laser decontamination apparatus set forth in any one of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of: driving an optical module of the combined type nanosecond laser decontamination device to perform scanning type stepping movement above a workpiece to be decontaminated, wherein a preset total time interval exists between every two adjacent stepping movements, after each stepping movement, starting the high-efficiency nanosecond laser firstly, stopping the high-efficiency nanosecond laser after the high-efficiency nanosecond laser operates for a first time period, starting the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser after a second time period, stopping the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser after a third time period operates, stopping the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser, and stopping the ultrahigh-energy nanosecond laser until a fourth time period elapses between the next starting of the high-efficiency nanosecond laser, wherein the total time interval is the sum of the first time period, the second time period, the third time period and the fourth time period; and the optical module moves step by step according to the above steps until the scanning of the upper surface of the workpiece to be decontaminated is completed.
5. The composite laser cooperative decontamination method according to claim 4, wherein the step-by-step moving distance is set to be less than or equal to the side length of the planar region or the line width of the linear region according to the size of the planar region or the line width of the linear region of the light beam scanned by the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer.
6. The composite laser collaborative decontamination method of claim 4, wherein the first period of time is set greater than the third period of time.
7. The composite laser cooperative decontamination method of claim 4, further comprising, prior to starting the laser, an initialization operation including placing the workpiece to be decontaminated on a designated area of the work table and driving the optics module to move to an initialization position.
8. The composite laser cooperative decontamination method of claim 4, wherein the workpiece to be decontaminated is a radioactive member, and the composite laser cooperative decontamination method is used in combination with a cutting and welding technique to repair the radioactive member.
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