CN112381447A - Method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland - Google Patents
Method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland Download PDFInfo
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- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
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- G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in a farmland, which comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a primary screening list; (II) establishing a candidate list based on a 'straight-through vehicle' method and a risk screening method: firstly, directly bringing part of pollutants in a primary screening list into a candidate list according to a 'straight-through vehicle' method; secondly, screening the remaining pollutants based on a risk screening method, comprising: selecting and using a comprehensive grading method and a single index comparison method to screen pesticide pollutants, and directly bringing the same pollutants screened by the two methods into a candidate list; selecting and using an SVHC method and a Copeland method to screen phthalate ester and livestock antibiotic hormone pollutants, and directly bringing the same pollutants screened by the two methods into a candidate list; and thirdly, performing controllability evaluation on the substances in the candidate list to obtain a list of the toxic and harmful pollutants for farmland priority control. The screening method of the invention is a screening method of toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland which is comprehensively considered, has rationality and is suitable for China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of toxic and harmful pollutant control, in particular to a method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in a farmland.
Background
Toxic and harmful pollutants in farmlands have the characteristics of wide pollution range, strong toxicity and high potential environmental risk, and need to be controlled, but because the pollutants are various, all substances can not be controlled actually, a screening principle needs to be formulated to screen out the pollutants needing to be controlled preferentially.
The screening method for general toxic and harmful pollutants mainly adopts different risk assessment methods, such as a comprehensive evaluation method, an SVHC method, a Copeland method or a single index comparison method. The comprehensive grading method and the SVHC method are used for grading and assigning the screening indexes of the pollutants, the influence degree of different screening indexes on potential risks is considered, and the screening indexes are influenced by subjective factors compared with other screening methods; the Copeland method and the single index comparison method directly compare numerical values of pollutant screening indexes, and although the comparison is objective, the influence degree of the screening indexes on the potential risks of pollutants is not considered.
Therefore, the screening method for toxic and harmful pollutants has various defects, and how to provide the screening method for toxic and harmful pollutants which is comprehensively considered, has rationality and is suitable for farmlands in China becomes an object of great improvement in the current industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a screening method of toxic and harmful pollutants, which is comprehensively considered, has rationality and is suitable for farmlands in China.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a primary screening list
All possible chemicals to be discharged or applied to the farm are considered in building the prescreening list, mainly following the following criteria:
(1) the effective ingredients of chemical pesticides registered in the pesticide are obtained in China;
(2) phthalate ester chemical substances mainly added in agricultural films in China;
(3) domestic livestock antibiotics allowed to be used;
(4) livestock hormone managed and controlled in China;
secondly, establishing a farmland priority control toxic and harmful pollutant candidate list based on a 'straight-through vehicle' method and a risk screening method:
firstly, directly bringing part of pollutants in a primary screening list into a candidate list according to a 'straight-through vehicle' method;
secondly, screening the pollutants remained in the preliminary screening list based on a risk screening method, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting and using a comprehensive grading method and a single index comparison method to screen pesticide pollutants, and directly bringing the same pollutants screened by the two methods into a candidate list; selecting and using an SVHC method and a Copeland method to screen phthalate ester and livestock antibiotic hormone pollutants, and directly bringing the same pollutants screened by the two methods into a candidate list;
and thirdly, performing controllability evaluation on the substances in the candidate list to obtain a list of the toxic and harmful pollutants for farmland priority control.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the "straight-through" method is directed to the inclusion of contaminants in the list of candidates in three areas:
(1) pesticides used in rural parts of agriculture in China;
(2) the farmland toxic and harmful pollutants which are managed and controlled by international convention and are still registered in China;
(3) livestock antibiotic hormone listed in the control catalog of the rural area of agriculture in China.
Further, the comprehensive grading method is to grade and assign the screening indexes according to different evaluation standards, wherein the screening indexes and corresponding scores are environmental exposure scores EXS, environmental hazard scores EHS and human health hazard scores HHS, the screening indexes and the corresponding scores are respectively calculated according to formulas (1), (3) and (4), finally the exposure scores and the hazard scores of all the substances are obtained, and potential medium-risk and potential high-risk farmland toxic and harmful pollutants are screened out by a risk matrix analysis method and are included in a candidate list; wherein:
the calculation formula of the pesticide environment exposure value is shown as the formula (1):
in formula (1): UA is average value of application amount;
UM is the method of administration score;
UF is the number of administrations score;
RN is registration quantity score;
the environmental hazard score calculation formula is shown as formula (3):
in formula (3): t isSlowLong-term toxicity score for aquatic environment;
p is the persistence score;
b is a biological accumulation score;
Turgency of emergencyAcute toxicity score for aquatic environment;
the calculation formula of the human health hazard value is shown as the formula (4):
in formula (4): c is the carcinogenicity score;
m is the mutagenicity score;
r is the reproductive toxicity score;
SSE is the specific target organ one-time exposure toxicity score;
SRE is the specific target organ repeat exposure toxicity score.
Further, grading and assigning the screening indexes according to the following modes:
further, the screening criteria of the single index comparison method are as follows: firstly, pollutants meeting the carcinogenic category 1 of international agency for research on cancer IARC; second, part 22 of the "chemical Classification and labeling Specification" is satisfied: contaminants of mutagenicity class 1A and class 1B in germ cell mutagenicity (GB 30000.22-2013); third, part 24 of the "chemical Classification and labeling Specification is satisfied: reproductive toxicity (GB30000.24-2013) of the reproductive toxicity pollutants of class 1A and class 1B; fourth, meet section 28 of the chemical Classification and labeling Specification: contaminants of acute aquatic hazard class 1 or long-term aquatic hazard class 1 in hazards to aquatic environment (GB 30000.28-2013).
Furthermore, the SVHC method refers to a method for prioritizing high-interest substances in European Union, and carries out grading assignment according to the following table, wherein the total risk score is the hazard score plus the exposure score; bringing the substances with the total risk score of the toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland being more than 15 into a candidate list;
further, for phthalate ester and livestock antibiotic hormone substances, the Copeland method evaluates 13 indexes of environmental exposure, environmental hazard and human health hazard, wherein the environmental exposure indexes comprise the number of production and use enterprises, registered provinces, production capacity, use amount, soil degradation time and biological enrichment factors, the environmental hazard indexes comprise acute aquatic toxicity and chronic aquatic toxicity, and the human hazard indexes comprise carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, single-time contact toxicity of specific target organs and repeated contact toxicity of specific target organs.
Furthermore, the controllability evaluation is performed on the substances in the candidate list, and the evaluation standard mainly takes whether the environmental quality limit value standard, the international management and control condition, the national management and control condition and whether the substances are detected in the national environment as the evaluation standard.
Further, the evaluation criteria are specifically:
(1) contaminants having defined environmental quality limits
The priority consideration is brought into an optimal control list when the regulated values or limits of the ground water environment quality standard (GB/T3838-;
(2) internationally regulated pollutants
The priority consideration in the United states water environment priority pollutant list and the European Union water environment priority substance list is brought into the optimal control list;
(3) pollutants managed and controlled in China
Contaminants listed in priority control chemical directory (first batch) and priority control chemical directory (second batch) (solicited comments) are preferably considered to be included in the optimal control list;
(4) is detected in the soil environment of farmland in China
And (3) directly bringing the toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland in the steps (1) to (3) and the detected pollutants in the soil environment of the farmland in China into an optimal control list, and finally establishing a farmland priority control toxic and harmful pollutant list.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages:
1. for the screening of toxic and harmful pollutants in farmlands in China, a targeted screening method is unavailable all the time, comprehensive data is formed on the basis of a large amount of research on manpower and material resources, and a reasonable and effective method (a farmland priority control toxic and harmful pollutant candidate list is established based on a 'straight-through' method and a risk screening method together; in the risk screening method, an integrated evaluation method and a single index comparison method are selected for screening pesticide pollutants, the same pollutants screened by the two methods are directly brought into the candidate list; an SVHC method and a Copeland method are selected for screening phthalate esters and poultry antibiotic hormone pollutants, and the same pollutants screened by the two methods are directly brought into the candidate list) is selected under the support of the comprehensive data; the comprehensive evaluation screening method is comprehensive in consideration and reasonable, and is a set of comprehensive screening method for toxic and harmful pollutants suitable for farmlands in China.
2. In the three stages of screening of the primary screening list, screening of the candidate list and controllability evaluation, the invention carries out different sorting, adaptability adjustment and combination on a large number of different screening standards, and the screening result is more comprehensive and reasonable and is suitable for the national conditions of China.
3. The invention reasonably selects the screening index, and further ensures the accuracy of risk assessment.
Drawings
The foregoing is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the Copeland process.
Detailed Description
The invention selects a 'straight-through vehicle method' + 'risk screening method' to screen toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland together on the basis of comprehensive massive information collection (including information obtained by expert judgment, literature investigation, pesticide registration and use information collection, national chemical production and use condition investigation data, investigation and visit), uses four different screening methods of the 'risk screening method' to screen out a list respectively, compares the characteristics of the screened pollutants, finally finds that the comprehensive evaluation method is more suitable for screening pesticide pollutants, the SVHC method is more suitable for screening phthalate esters and poultry and livestock antibiotic hormone pollutants, but the comprehensive evaluation method and the SVHC method have stronger subjective performance compared with a Copeland single index comparison method, and selects and uses the comprehensive evaluation method and the single index comparison method to screen pesticide pollutants to improve the rationality of the screening result, and (3) selecting and using an SVHC method and a Copeland method to screen phthalate ester and livestock antibiotic hormone pollutants, and directly bringing the same pollutants screened by the two methods into a candidate list.
Referring to fig. 1, a 'straight-through vehicle' method and a 'risk screening method' are selected to screen out a list of toxic and harmful pollutants in a farmland together, and the method mainly comprises three main steps. The following were used:
firstly, establishing a primary screening list
And determining a preliminary screening list of toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland by adopting a literature investigation method, a database retrieval method and a name list comparison method. In establishing a preliminary screening list of toxic and harmful pollutants in farmlands, all the chemical substances which can be discharged (or applied) into the farmlands are considered, and the following standards are mainly followed:
(1) effective component of chemical pesticide with pesticide registration acquired in China
(2) Phthalate ester chemical substance mainly added in agricultural film in China
(3) Domestic antibiotics for fowls and livestock
(4) Domestic controlled animal hormone
Through preliminary de-duplication, 465 kinds of toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland are brought into a preliminary screening list.
Secondly, establishing a candidate list
Aiming at the toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland in the preliminary screening list, a candidate list of the toxic and harmful pollutants for preferentially controlling the farmland is established by adopting a 'straight-through vehicle' method and a risk screening method.
(1) Straight-through vehicle method
The 'straight-through vehicle' method is to directly bring the poisonous and harmful pollutants in the farmland which are not completely forbidden, limited and registered in China in the international convention into a candidate list, and mainly comprises the following three aspects:
1) pesticide limited to use in rural part of agriculture in China
2) China still has registered poisonous and harmful pollutants in farmland under international convention management and control
3) Livestock antibiotic hormone listed in the control catalog of rural part of agriculture in China
Through de-weighting, the 'straight-through vehicle method' directly brings 36 substances into a candidate list of the farmland priority control toxic and harmful pollutants.
(2) Risk screening method
Besides 36 substances screened by the straight-through vehicle method, the other 429 farmland toxic and harmful pollutants are screened on the basis of risks.
1) Screening index determination
The screening indexes include exposure screening indexes and hazard screening indexes.
2) Data source
The harm information of toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland comes from international authoritative databases, mainly refers to the American ACTIR Database (acquired computerized accessibility Resource), HSDB Database (Hazardous Substance Data Bank), AGRITOX Database (Database on plant subsistents), Japanese GHS-J classification result and European Union ECHA C & L classification result in the eChemPortal Database of the international economic cooperation and development organization, and the carcinogenic indexes refer to the classification result of the International cancer Institute (IARC), and part of pollutant environment trend Data is predicted by the international Computational Toxicology models such as EPI Suite and the like. The exposure data come from the research data of the production and use of chemicals of the department of ecological environment and the Chinese pesticide information network.
3) Screening method
According to the harm and influence severity of toxic and harmful pollutants in farmlands on human health and ecological environment, the following 4 screening methods are provided:
a) SVHC method (scheme one)
The SVHC method refers to the priority ranking method of high concern substances in the european union, and classifies the substances in the primary screening list according to table 1, wherein the total risk score is the damage score + exposure score.
TABLE 1 Standard of toxic and harmful pollutant in farmland by SVHC method
C represents carcinogenicity. The international agency for carcinogenesis (IARC) divides toxic and harmful chemicals into four groups of three (class 1, class 2A, class 2B and class 3), class 1: carcinogenic to humans, class 2A: human is likely to be cancer, 2B, human is likely to be carcinogenic, and 3 human is not yet classified as carcinogenic.
M represents germ cell mutagenicity. The national standard GB3000.22-2013 classification standard and classification is divided into two types, wherein the classification 1 comprises 1A and 1B, 1A is a substance which is known to cause genetic mutation of human germ cells, 1B: substances that are thought to be likely to cause heritable mutations in human germ cells, class 2: substances of interest are those that may cause genetic mutations in human germ cells.
R represents reproductive toxicity. The national standard GB3000.24-2013 classifies the standards and categories into two categories, category 1 comprises 1A and 1B, 1A: known human reproductive toxicants, 1B: presumed to be a possible human reproductive poison, class 2: suspected human reproductive toxicants.
The invention brings the substances with the total SVHC score of more than 15 of the toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland into a candidate list.
According to the SVHC method, 34 kinds of toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland are included in a candidate list.
b) Copeland method (scheme two)
The Copeland method is a simple non-parameter scoring and sorting method, namely, the 'minority obeys majority' and is an important application of mathematics in sociology. The detailed rules are as follows: m kinds of evaluation objects (X1, X2, X3,. cndot.. Xm) and n evaluation indexes are provided, the numerical value of the index n has a positive correlation with the damage of the evaluation objects, the index value of each evaluation object is compared with the index values of other evaluation objects under the same index, the index value is counted as +1 for the larger index value, the index value is counted as 0 for the equal index value, and the index value is counted as-1 for the smaller index value, and finally the indexes after comparison are sorted by the sum of the indexes, as shown in FIG. 2.
Since the evaluation is performed from 13 indexes of environmental exposure, environmental hazard and human health hazard, the n value is 13.
TABLE 2Copeland method for screening
The invention brings the Copeland total score of toxic and harmful pollutants of pesticides greater than 1500, the Copeland total score of toxic and harmful pollutants of phthalate esters greater than 50, and the Copeland total score of toxic and harmful pollutants of antibiotic hormones of poultry and livestock greater than 150 into a candidate list.
According to the Copeland method, 39 kinds of toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland are included in a candidate list.
c) Single index comparison method (scheme three)
Bringing the toxic and harmful pollutants of the farmland meeting any one of the following standards in the preliminary screening list into a candidate list: one is contaminants that satisfy international agency for research on cancer (IARC) oncogenic class 1; second, part 22 of the "chemical Classification and labeling Specification" is satisfied: contaminants of mutagenicity class 1A and class 1B (hereinafter collectively referred to as class 1) in germ cell mutagenicity (GB 30000.22-2013); third, part 24 of the "chemical Classification and labeling Specification is satisfied: reproductive toxicity (GB30000.24-2013) of a class 1A, class 1B (hereinafter collectively referred to as class 1) of reproductive toxicity; fourth, meet section 28 of the chemical Classification and labeling Specification: contaminants of acute aquatic hazard class 1 or long-term aquatic hazard class 1 in hazards to aquatic environment (GB 30000.28-2013).
According to the single index standard comparison method, 159 kinds of toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland enter a candidate list.
d) Comprehensive scoring method (scheme four)
The comprehensive evaluation method is a screening method for grading and assigning scores to screening indexes according to different evaluation standards. And calculating the environmental exposure score (EXS), the Environmental Hazard Score (EHS) and the human Health Hazard Score (HHS) of each pollution according to a certain formula, finally obtaining the exposure score and the hazard score of each substance, and determining the priority control substance through risk matrix evaluation.
In the aspect of assigning the harmfulness of the toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland, assigning the harmfulness of the toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland according to different degrees of harmfulness of the toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland in a grading manner from high to low, and due to the fact that different selected evaluation indexes are different in category, quantitative analysis cannot be performed by using unified dimensions. Therefore, the persistent and bioaccumulation data obtained by the literature research method and the search of HSDB database, echenport database, etc. are subjected to hierarchical quantitative assigning according to "determination method of persistent, bioaccumulation, and toxic substance and high persistent and bioaccumulation substance" (GB/T24782-.
TABLE 3 grading assigning table for indexes of environment harmfulness of poisonous and harmful pollutants in farmland
The environmental exposure score (EXS), Environmental Hazard Score (EHS), and human Health Hazard Score (HHS) for each pollution were calculated according to equations (1) - (4), specifically:
the calculation formula of the pesticide environment exposure value is shown as the formula (1):
in formula (1): UA is average value of application amount;
UM is the method of administration score;
UF is the number of administrations score;
RN is the registration number score.
The calculation formula of the environmental exposure values of the phthalate ester and the livestock antibiotic hormone is shown as the formula (2):
in formula (2): PU is a production and use enterprise number score;
PUP relates to provincial quantity scores for production and use enterprises;
p is yield score;
u is the usage score.
The environmental hazard score calculation formula is shown as formula (3):
in formula (3): tslow is the long-term toxicity score of the aquatic environment;
p is the persistence score;
b is a biological accumulation score;
tight is the aquatic environment acute toxicity score.
The calculation formula of the human health hazard value is shown as the formula (4):
in formula (4): c is the carcinogenicity score;
m is the mutagenicity score;
r is the reproductive toxicity score;
SSE is the specific target organ one-time exposure toxicity score;
SRE is the specific target organ repeat exposure toxicity score.
Sorting the total score of the comprehensive scores of the toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland from high to low, screening out the pollutants needing to be included in the candidate list by a risk matrix analysis method, wherein the specific risk matrix evaluation of the pesticide toxic and harmful pollutants is shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 Risk matrix evaluation table for poisonous and harmful pollutants in pesticide class
The risk matrix assessment of toxic and harmful pollutants of phthalate esters and livestock antibiotic hormones is shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 risk matrix evaluation table for toxic and harmful pollutants of phthalate esters and antibiotic hormones in livestock
The invention brings the toxic and harmful pollutants of the farmland with the potential medium risk and the farmland with the potential high risk into the candidate list.
According to a comprehensive scoring method, 103 kinds of toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland are included in a candidate list.
Table 6 alignment of results for four screening protocols
By comparing the four risk-based screening methods, the comprehensive grading method and the SVHC method carry out grading and assigning on the screening indexes of the pollutants, and compared with other screening methods, the comprehensive grading method and the SVHC method are influenced by subjective factors, but the influence degree of different screening indexes on potential risks is considered; the Copeland method and the single index comparison method directly compare numerical values of pollutant screening indexes, and the comparison is objective, but the influence degree of the screening indexes on the potential risks of pollutants is not considered.
Due to the fact that production and use data of the pesticide pollutants are imperfect, application modes, average application amounts, application times and registration numbers are selected as pesticide pollutant exposure indexes. Compared with pesticide pollutants, the exposure indexes of phthalate ester and livestock antibiotic hormone pollutants are selected from the production capacity, the use amount, the enterprise quantity related to production and use and the province quantity related to production and use.
Comprehensively considering, selecting and using a comprehensive grading method and a single index comparison method to screen pesticide pollutants, selecting and using an SVHC method and a Copeland method to screen phthalate ester and livestock antibiotic hormone pollutants, and finally directly bringing the same pollutants screened by the two methods into a candidate list.
127 kinds of farmland toxic and harmful pollutants are screened out by a straight-through vehicle method and a risk-based screening method.
Thirdly, establishing a preferred control list
From the farmland priority control of the toxic and harmful pollutant candidate list to the establishment of the farmland priority control of the toxic and harmful pollutant list, controllability evaluation is carried out on substances in the candidate list, and whether environmental quality limit value standard, international management and control conditions and national management and control conditions are detected in the national environment is mainly taken as evaluation standards, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) contaminants having defined environmental quality limits
The priority consideration is brought into the optimal control list by the regulations (or limit values) in the ground water environment quality standard (GB/T3838-.
(2) Internationally regulated pollutants
The priority consideration in the United states water environment priority pollutant list and the European Union water environment priority substance list is included in the optimal control list.
(3) Pollutants managed and controlled in China
Contaminants listed in the priority control chemical directory (first lot) and the priority control chemical directory (second lot) (solicited comments) are preferably included in the optimal control list.
(4) Is detected in the soil environment of farmland in China
And (3) directly bringing the toxic and harmful farmland pollutants in the (1) to (3) and the detected pollutants in the soil environment of the farmland in China into an optimal control list, and finally establishing a farmland priority control toxic and harmful pollutant list containing 11 substances.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above description of the present invention can be applied to various modifications, equivalent variations or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a primary screening list
All possible chemicals to be discharged or applied to the farm are considered in building the prescreening list, mainly following the following criteria:
(1) the effective ingredients of chemical pesticides registered in the pesticide are obtained in China;
(2) phthalate ester chemical substances mainly added in agricultural films in China;
(3) domestic livestock antibiotics allowed to be used;
(4) livestock hormone managed and controlled in China;
secondly, establishing a farmland priority control toxic and harmful pollutant candidate list based on a 'straight-through vehicle' method and a risk screening method:
firstly, directly bringing part of pollutants in a primary screening list into a candidate list according to a 'straight-through vehicle' method;
secondly, screening the pollutants remained in the preliminary screening list based on a risk screening method, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting and using a comprehensive grading method and a single index comparison method to screen pesticide pollutants, and directly bringing the same pollutants screened by the two methods into a candidate list; selecting and using an SVHC method and a Copeland method to screen phthalate ester and livestock antibiotic hormone pollutants, and directly bringing the same pollutants screened by the two methods into a candidate list;
and thirdly, performing controllability evaluation on the substances in the candidate list to obtain a list of the toxic and harmful pollutants for farmland priority control.
2. The method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland according to claim 1, wherein the 'straight-through vehicle' method is used for directly including the pollutants in the following three aspects into a candidate list:
(1) pesticides used in rural parts of agriculture in China;
(2) the farmland toxic and harmful pollutants which are managed and controlled by international convention and are still registered in China;
(3) livestock antibiotic hormone listed in the control catalog of the rural area of agriculture in China.
3. The method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the comprehensive scoring method is used for grading and assigning a screening index, wherein the screening index and corresponding scores are an environmental exposure score EXS, an environmental hazard score EHS and a human health hazard score HHS, the screening index and the corresponding scores are respectively calculated according to formulas (1), (3) and (4), the exposure score and the hazard score of each substance are finally obtained, and the toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland with potential medium risk and potential high risk are screened out by a risk matrix analysis method and are included in a candidate list; wherein:
the calculation formula of the pesticide environment exposure value is shown as the formula (1):
in formula (1): UA is average value of application amount;
UM is the method of administration score;
UF is the number of administrations score;
RN is registration quantity score;
the environmental hazard score calculation formula is shown as formula (3):
in formula (3): t isSlowLong-term toxicity score for aquatic environment;
p is the persistence score;
b is a biological accumulation score;
Turgency of emergencyAcute toxicity score for aquatic environment;
the calculation formula of the human health hazard value is shown as the formula (4):
in formula (4): c is the carcinogenicity score;
m is the mutagenicity score;
r is the reproductive toxicity score;
SSE is the specific target organ one-time exposure toxicity score;
SRE is the specific target organ repeat exposure toxicity score.
4. The method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland according to claim 3, characterized in that grading and assigning are carried out on screening indexes according to the following modes:
5. the method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the screening standard of the single index comparison method is as follows:
firstly, pollutants meeting the carcinogenic category 1 of international agency for research on cancer IARC;
second, part 22 of the "chemical Classification and labeling Specification" is satisfied: contaminants of mutagenicity class 1A and class 1B in germ cell mutagenicity (GB 30000.22-2013);
third, part 24 of the "chemical Classification and labeling Specification is satisfied: reproductive toxicity (GB30000.24-2013) of the reproductive toxicity pollutants of class 1A and class 1B;
fourth, meet section 28 of the chemical Classification and labeling Specification: contaminants of acute aquatic hazard class 1 or long-term aquatic hazard class 1 in hazards to aquatic environment (GB 30000.28-2013).
6. The method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the SVHC method refers to the priority ranking method of high concern substances in European Union, and carries out grading assignment according to the following table, wherein the total risk score is the damage score + exposure score; bringing the substances with the total risk score of the toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland being more than 15 into a candidate list;
7. the method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the Copeland method evaluates 13 indexes of phthalate ester and livestock antibiotic hormone substances, namely, environmental exposure indexes, registration provinces, production quantity, use quantity, soil degradation time and biological enrichment factors, environmental hazard indexes are acute aquatic toxicity and chronic aquatic toxicity, and human hazard indexes are carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, single-time contact toxicity of specific target organs and repeated contact toxicity of specific target organs.
8. The method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the controllability evaluation of the substances in the candidate list is carried out, and the evaluation criteria mainly comprise whether environmental quality limit criteria, international management and control conditions, national management and control conditions and whether the substances are detected in national environment.
9. The method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland according to claim 8, wherein the evaluation criteria are specifically:
(1) contaminants having defined environmental quality limits
The priority consideration is brought into an optimal control list when the regulated values or limits of the ground water environment quality standard (GB/T3838-;
(2) internationally regulated pollutants
The priority consideration in the United states water environment priority pollutant list and the European Union water environment priority substance list is brought into the optimal control list;
(3) pollutants managed and controlled in China
Contaminants listed in priority control chemical directory (first batch) and priority control chemical directory (second batch) (solicited comments) are preferably considered to be included in the optimal control list;
(4) is detected in the soil environment of farmland in China
And (3) directly bringing the toxic and harmful pollutants in the farmland in the steps (1) to (3) and the detected pollutants in the soil environment of the farmland in China into an optimal control list, and finally establishing a farmland priority control toxic and harmful pollutant list.
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| CN202011374429.9A CN112381447A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Method for screening toxic and harmful pollutants in farmland |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102867116A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2013-01-09 | 常州大学 | Regional water environment priority control pollutant screening method based on health risk |
| CN102880800A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-01-16 | 常州大学 | Regional soil environment priority control pollutant screening method based on health risk |
| CN103413057A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-11-27 | 中国环境科学研究院 | River basin water body particular pollutant screening method based on carcinogenic risks and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102867116A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2013-01-09 | 常州大学 | Regional water environment priority control pollutant screening method based on health risk |
| CN102880800A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-01-16 | 常州大学 | Regional soil environment priority control pollutant screening method based on health risk |
| CN103413057A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-11-27 | 中国环境科学研究院 | River basin water body particular pollutant screening method based on carcinogenic risks and application thereof |
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