CN112380739B - Solid engine impact detonation simulation evaluation method for externally loading impact pressure load - Google Patents
Solid engine impact detonation simulation evaluation method for externally loading impact pressure load Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a solid engine impact detonation simulation evaluation method for externally loading impact pressure load. According to the invention, the impact pressure load method is used for performing impact simulation to obviously reduce the size of a simulation model, thereby reducing the simulation hardware requirement and shortening the simulation calculation time; the impact pressure load modeling method can directly replace the traditional modeling method, and the model has good universality; in addition, the boundary impact load method can directly obtain the critical pressure and impulse of the detonation generated by the engine by adjusting the load pressure, and can analyze the influence of the load pressure and the action time on the impact detonation by controlling the variable method, thereby having better effect on the detonation analysis of the engine than the existing simulation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an impact detonation safety simulation research evaluation method based on loading impact pressure load outside a solid engine. Belongs to the technical field of safety evaluation of solid rocket engines.
Background
The solid rocket engine is used as a power system of a related weapon and is a main energy-containing component. The whole engine can be subjected to severe fragmentation or shock wave impact due to attack or explosion of other weapons around the whole engine in the service process. At this time, the propellant in the engine is subjected to impact compression effect to generate fracture damage and form hot spots, and after the hot spots are formed, the propellant is subjected to chemical reaction, and after the reaction is enhanced, the propellant is burnt or even exploded. The main purpose of the engine impact safety research is to obtain parameters such as pressure, impulse and the like of critical detonation of different types of weapons, and then to avoid the occurrence of impact detonation through reasonable protection and storage structure design.
The study of the engine on impact detonation is mainly divided into two types, namely simulation calculation and test. The simulation research of impact initiation is low in cost and can carry out numerical verification on the test to a certain extent, so that many researches are carried out based on simulation at the present stage. The current simulation model generally adopts a complete modeling mode, and comprises an impacted engine, an impact source (fragments or main explosive) and the like, wherein part of the model also needs to model an impact propagation medium (such as air), and when parameters such as the model and the material strength conform to actual working conditions, the simulation can make theoretical judgment on the impact initiation condition of the working conditions, and guide the design of a test and the like.
Simulation evaluation adopted at present is simulated, and a complete modeling method is generally adopted. The method mainly has two problems from the aspects of theoretical research and simulation calculation analysis: 1) The complete modeling method models in non-study areas. For example, in studying the initiation of an engine by impact, researchers are not concerned about the propagation and development of external sources of impact, and are concerned primarily with the load created at the moment the impact contacts the engine, and whether that load will initiate the engine. At this time, an external medium domain is established, so that computing resources are obviously wasted, and the whole computing period is prolonged; 2) The performance parameters of various impact detonations cannot be quantitatively given. For example, when the pre-fabricated fragment impact engine detonates, the complete modeling method is adopted to control parameters such as fragment speed, fragment size and the like, and when the detonation dimension analysis is required to be performed in theory in research, the method can not directly obtain an impact pressure curve and an impulse curve received by the engine, so that the method has difficulty in analyzing the detonation parameters of the engine.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the two problems, the current impact detonation simulation modeling method can be found to reduce the simulation calculation efficiency, the traditional model can not directly obtain the pressure and impulse corresponding to the load, and the detonation analysis is difficult to quantitatively perform. Therefore, the impact detonation research of the engine needs to establish a model and an evaluation method capable of replacing the existing simulation calculation, and the impact safety simulation research of the solid rocket engine can be more efficiently and quantitatively described by simplifying a certain numerical calculation and a reasonable impact model, so that the impact detonation research of the solid rocket engine is deeper.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the solid engine impact detonation simulation evaluation method for externally loading impact pressure load comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the impact type of simulation modeling according to the impact initiation test type of the solid engine, wherein the impact type comprises gas impact wave impact, single-fragment impact, multi-fragment impact or impact wave fragment composite impact;
step 2: establishing a finite element model of a solid engine;
step 3: converting an impact source of the impact detonation solid engine into pressure load of a solid engine model boundary, wherein the impact source comprises fragments and impact waves;
specifically, the pressure load generated by the impact of the impact source on the surface of the solid engine is calculated through the following process;
for the fragment effect, the pressure load of the fragment on the engine is calculated by:
wherein m and S are the mass of the broken piece and the effective sectional area of the broken piece impacting the engine shell, v p The normal speed of the broken piece contacting the engine shell is the erosion time of the broken piece contacting the engine shell;
for the shock wave effect, the pressure load acting on the engine surface is calculated using the following formula:
P st ＝P s +ρ∫v a dT·dv a /dT
wherein P is s For the shock wave pressure, ρ is the density of the shock wave gas, v a T is the duration of action of the shock wave in contact with the exploded motor housing, for the normal velocity of the shock wave relative to the point of contact of the impacted motor;
substituting parameters obtained after detonation of an explosion source of the solid engine impact detonation test into a corresponding pressure load calculation formula to obtain a time-dependent change process of the impact pressure load expressed in a polynomial;
step 4: loading the impact pressure load polynomial obtained by calculation in the step 3 to the outside of the engine shell model in the form of a pressure boundary;
step 5: and (3) completing the model, defining calculation parameters including residual error control and time step, carrying out numerical calculation to detect and monitor the pressure and strain in the propellant of the solid engine, and defining whether the solid engine is damaged and detonated after being impacted, so as to complete the safety evaluation of whether the solid engine is detonated after being impacted.
Further, in step 2, the solid engine finite element model includes a housing, a thermal insulation layer, an end cap, and a propellant; the heat insulation layer is positioned on the inner wall surface of the shell, and the propellant is internally provided with an axial cylindrical cavity; the solid engine finite element model is wholly divided by using an Euler/Lagrange composite method, wherein a bottom grid is established in the whole domain by adopting a multi-material Euler method, air is filled in a cylindrical cavity outside an engine shell and inside a propellant, the propellant is filled in a propellant area, and a full-material free outflow opening is adopted at the boundary of the Euler area; the end cover, the engine shell and the insulating layer grid are divided by using a Lagrange method; the interaction between Lagrange/Lagrange bodies adopts an erosion algorithm, so that erosion inertia is reserved and invalid units are eliminated; the Lagrange/Euler body coupling is adaptively modulated.
Further, in the step 2, the engine shell material and the end cover material adopt a Rankine Hugonot impact linear state equation and a Johnson Cook strength model, and failure is ignored; the rubber pad used for the heat insulating layer also adopts an impact linear state equation, and strength and failure are not considered; the propellant charge of the engine was simulated using a JWL equation of state and a Lee-Tarver ignition growth model.
Further, the loading mode in step 4 includes single-point loading and surface loading.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the existing simulation model, the simulation method for loading the impact pressure load detonation model on the surface of the engine has the following three main advantages: 1) Impact simulation is carried out by using an impact pressure loading method, so that the size of a simulation model is obviously reduced (modeling of fragments and an impact wave source is avoided), the requirement of simulation hardware is reduced, and the time required by simulation calculation is shortened. 2) The propellant detonation process obtained by modeling by the boundary impact pressure load method is the same as the engine detonation trend obtained by the existing simulation modeling and simulating method, the two methods are not contradictory in principle and simulation result, namely, the impact pressure load modeling method can directly replace the traditional modeling method, and the model has good universality. 3) The boundary impact load method can directly obtain the critical pressure and impulse of the detonation generated by the engine by adjusting the load pressure, and can analyze the influence of the load pressure and the acting time on the impact detonation by controlling the variable method, thereby having better effect on the detonation analysis of the engine than the existing simulation method.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1: an engine model schematic;
wherein: 1. an end cap; 2. a propellant; 3. a heat insulating layer; 4. a housing;
fig. 2: boundary pressure load schematic;
wherein: point load (a), face load (b);
fig. 3: comparing the detonation and non-detonation reactivity cloud patterns of the engine;
wherein: point load (a), face load (b);
fig. 4: the detonation pressure distribution of the point impact load and the traditional broken sheet impact model;
wherein: (a) The modeling method used in the present invention, (b) the conventional modeling method;
fig. 5: the detonation pressure distribution of the surface impact load and the traditional shock wave impact model;
wherein: (a) The modeling method used in the present invention, (b) the conventional modeling method;
fig. 6: a shock pressure load simulation calculation flow chart;
fig. 7: the shock wave pressure, density and speed change rate formed at different distance points after TNT explosion;
wherein: (a) pressure, (b) density, (c) velocity;
fig. 8: the pressure and strain of the propellant in the engine under the action of the shock wave.
Detailed Description
The invention improves the traditional engine impact detonation modeling method for safety evaluation, which comprises the following steps: 1) By simplifying the model, the impact effect of the conventional fragments and the impact waves on the engine is replaced by the pressure load generated by the impact effect in a targeted manner, so that the excessive large model volume and the complexity of the model content are avoided. 2) And determining the pressure load polynomial form corresponding to the broken piece and the shock wave, and reasonably correcting the pressure load corresponding to each working condition by comparing with the original simulation modeling method.
The main idea of the invention that the impact pressure load acts on the engine surface modeling is to perform equivalent numerical processing on impact stress generated after the broken piece and the impact wave impact the engine surface, and then directly perform impact replacement modeling by using the equivalent boundary pressure load.
The specific method steps are shown in fig. 6:
firstly, the impact type is determined by simulation modeling, and is mainly determined according to a specific engine test type, for example, a blast-wave sympathetic explosion test of an engine of a certain model, and the impacted type of the engine is gas blast impact.
And secondly, establishing an engine model, and establishing a model of the impacted engine by adopting an Euler/Lagrange composite method according to the actual engine size, and defining materials, state equations and strength failure conditions of an engine shell, an end cover, a heat insulating layer and a propellant.
The specific process is as follows: the engine was modeled using finite element software, as shown in fig. 1. Comprises a shell, a heat insulation layer, an end cover and a propellant; the heat insulating layer is positioned on the inner wall surface of the shell, and the propellant is internally provided with an axial cylindrical cavity. The model is divided by using an Euler/Lagrange composite method as a whole. Wherein, the whole area adopts a multi-material Euler method to establish a bottom grid, the cylinder cavities outside the engine shell and inside the propellant are filled with air, the propellant is filled in the marked propellant area in FIG. 1, and the boundary of the Euler area adopts a full-material free outflow opening. The endcaps, engine housing, and insulation grids were partitioned using Lagrange's method. The interaction between Lagrange/Lagrange bodies adopts an erosion algorithm, so that erosion inertia is reserved and invalid units are eliminated. The Lagrange/Euler body coupling is adaptively modulated.
The engine shell material and the end cover material adopt a Rankine Hugoniot impact linear state equation and a Johnson Cook strength model, and failure is ignored. The rubber pad used for the heat insulating layer also adopts an impact linear state equation, and strength and failure are not considered. The propellant charge of the engine was simulated using a JWL equation of state and a Lee-Tarver ignition growth model. The parameters of the equation are selected according to the materials corresponding to the models, and when the material filling of all the areas is completed, the models of the engine are built.
Third, the pressure load generated by the impact of the shock wave on the engine surface is calculated.
Conventional impact sources (fragments, shock waves, etc.) for impact detonation engines are converted in the present invention into pressure loads at the boundaries of the model.
For the fragment effect, the pressure load of the fragment on the engine can be calculated by:
wherein m and S are the mass of the broken piece and the effective sectional area of the broken piece impacting the engine shell, v p The normal speed of the rupture disc contacting the engine shell is the erosion time of the rupture disc contacting the engine shell.
For the shock wave effect, the pressure load acting on the engine surface can be calculated using the following equation:
P st ＝P s +ρ∫v a dT·dv a /dT (1-2)
wherein P is s For the shock wave pressure, ρ is the density of the shock wave gas, v a T is the duration of action of the shock wave in contact with the exploded motor housing, for the normal velocity of the shock wave relative to the point of contact of the impacted motor.
When we need to simulate various different working conditions, the values of the two loads and the rate of change with time can be solved by adjusting the size, speed, erosion time, duration of the shock wave, speed distribution, pressure, density and direction of contacting the engine.
Fig. 7 shows the rate of change over time of pressure, density and velocity of shock waves formed at different distances from the plumule after explosion of a certain equivalent of TNT. The position of the engine from the explosion center is determined, and then the related parameters are brought into a pressure load calculation formula (formula 1-2), so that the change of the impact load pressure along with time can be obtained, namely, the change is expressed in a boundary pressure load polynomial form, and the embodiment selects the pressure, the speed and the density corresponding to the impact wave of a certain equivalent TNT at the position 5m away from the explosion center, so that the boundary pressure load polynomial is calculated.
And fourthly, loading the calculated impact pressure load polynomial outside the engine shell model in the form of a pressure boundary. The specific location and distribution of load loading on the engine is referenced to actual engineering problems. In the invention, two typical load loading modes are adopted, namely single-point loading and surface loading, wherein the point loading point is positioned at the center of the surface of the engine shell, and the surface loading is applied to the whole section of the engine shell, as shown in fig. 2. The two load loading modes are selected, and all impact types in actual working conditions can be covered through superposition, for example, single-point loading can simulate single-broken sheets, multi-point loading can simulate multi-broken sheets, point-surface composite loading can simulate the composite action of the impact wave broken sheets and the like. After loading the engine, the safety assessment of whether the engine is detonated or not can be completed by monitoring the pressure and strain in the engine propellant to define whether the engine is damaged and detonated after being impacted, as shown in fig. 3.
In this embodiment the shockwave shocking is in the form of a face shocking, so that the pressure load will be applied to the whole side of the engine, where the pressure load is the greatest against the location of the shockwave source, the greater the angle between the face normal and the shockwave incoming flow direction (not more than 90 °), the less the impact of the shockwave of the second term of the formula.
And fifthly, completing the model, defining calculation parameters such as residual error control, time step and the like, and performing numerical calculation.
After the calculation is completed, by analyzing the pressure and deformation process in the engine, whether the engine is detonated after being impacted can be judged, as shown in fig. 8. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the pressure change and deformation of the propellant in an engine after side loading of a shock wave impact load. As can be seen from the figure, after the impact of the TNT explosion 5m is loaded outside the engine, the propellant in the engine is detonated, the detonating point is positioned near the middle hole position of the engine, stable detonation waves are formed in the detonated propellant, the peak pressure of the detonation waves is about 36GPa, the detonation waves uniformly spread to the periphery, and the propellant can squeeze the hole-shaped channel in the center of the engine due to detonation expansion. Based on this, we can conclude that a certain equivalent of TNT, after explosion, will also have a sympathetic explosion from the engine 5m from it.
In order to verify the rationality and numerical calculation result of the model method, we compare the traditional broken-piece impact engine model, the traditional sympathetic explosion impact wave impact model and the model of the boundary pressure load applied to the outside of the engine.
Fig. 4 and 5 are graphs showing the comparison of the fracture and shock waves calculated by the boundary pressure load method with the result of the sympathetic explosion calculated by the conventional method (the left side is the model method used in the present invention, and the right side is the conventional model method). As can be seen from fig. 4, the single-point impact pressure loading method used in the invention can effectively simulate the impact detonation of a single fragment on the propellant, and the pressure of detonation waves in the propellant after the detonation is about 20GPa and propagates to the inside of the propellant in an arc shape. After detonation, the front side and the rear side of the detonation point of the propellant form a bulge-like structure and continuously expand along with the propagation of detonation waves.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the surface impact pressure loading method used in the present invention can effectively simulate the detonation of the exploded engine by the impact wave, after the surface load is loaded, the pressure accumulation and compression occur in the propellant, the compression of the propellant causes the formation of hot spots, so that the limited detonation reaction occurs in the propellant, the detonation domain is mainly located in the propellant, the pressure is about 0.5GPa, which indicates that the external load is required for further compressing the propellant in the initial stage of the conventional sympathetic explosion initiation of the propellant, and the complete detonation is required. From the aspect of morphology, the overall shape of the engine housing rises upward and downward at the initial stage of propellant detonation, the rising amplitude gradually increases with the time, and the complete sympathetic explosion is finally reached.
From the simulation calculation results and comparison of the models, the simulation modeling method for loading the impact pressure load on the surface of the engine can effectively simulate the impact action of the broken pieces and the impact waves on the broken pieces. Compared with the existing simulation model, the simulation method for loading the impact pressure load detonation model on the surface of the engine has the following three main advantages: 1) Impact simulation is carried out by using an impact pressure loading method, so that the size of a simulation model is obviously reduced (modeling of fragments and an impact wave source is avoided), the requirement of simulation hardware is reduced, and the time required by simulation calculation is shortened. 2) The propellant detonation process obtained by modeling by the boundary impact pressure load method is the same as the engine detonation trend obtained by the existing simulation modeling and simulating method, the two methods are not contradictory in principle and simulation result, namely, the impact pressure load modeling method can directly replace the traditional modeling method, and the model has good universality. 3) The boundary impact load method can directly obtain the critical pressure and impulse of the detonation generated by the engine by adjusting the load pressure, and can analyze the influence of the load pressure and the acting time on the impact detonation by controlling the variable method, thereby having better effect on the detonation analysis of the engine than the existing simulation method.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A solid engine impact detonation simulation evaluation method for externally loading impact pressure load is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the impact type of simulation modeling according to the impact initiation test type of the solid engine, wherein the impact type comprises gas impact wave impact, single-fragment impact, multi-fragment impact or impact wave fragment composite impact;
step 2: establishing a finite element model of a solid engine;
step 3: converting an impact source of the impact detonation solid engine into pressure load of a solid engine model boundary, wherein the impact source comprises fragments and impact waves;
specifically, the pressure load generated by the impact of the impact source on the surface of the solid engine is calculated through the following process;
for the fragment effect, the pressure load of the fragment on the engine is calculated by:
wherein m and S are the mass of the broken piece and the effective sectional area of the broken piece impacting the engine shell, v p The normal speed of the broken piece contacting the engine shell is the erosion time of the broken piece contacting the engine shell;
for the shock wave effect, the pressure load acting on the engine surface is calculated using the following formula:
P st ＝P s +ρ∫v a dT·dv a /dT
wherein P is s For the shock wave pressure, ρ is the density of the shock wave gas, v a T is the duration of action of the shock wave in contact with the exploded motor housing, for the normal velocity of the shock wave relative to the point of contact of the impacted motor;
substituting parameters obtained after detonation of an explosion source of the solid engine impact detonation test into a corresponding pressure load calculation formula to obtain a time-dependent change process of the impact pressure load expressed in a polynomial;
step 4: loading the impact pressure load polynomial obtained by calculation in the step 3 to the outside of the engine shell model in the form of a pressure boundary;
step 5: and (3) completing the model, defining calculation parameters including residual error control and time step, carrying out numerical calculation to detect and monitor the pressure and strain in the propellant of the solid engine, and defining whether the solid engine is damaged and detonated after being impacted, so as to complete the safety evaluation of whether the solid engine is detonated after being impacted.
2. The solid engine impact detonation simulation evaluation method for externally loading impact pressure load according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in step 2, the solid engine finite element model comprises a shell, a heat insulation layer, an end cover and a propellant; the heat insulation layer is positioned on the inner wall surface of the shell, and the propellant is internally provided with an axial cylindrical cavity; the solid engine finite element model is wholly divided by using an Euler/Lagrange composite method, wherein a bottom grid is established in the whole domain by adopting a multi-material Euler method, air is filled in a cylindrical cavity outside an engine shell and inside a propellant, the propellant is filled in a propellant area, and a full-material free outflow opening is adopted at the boundary of the Euler area; the end cover, the engine shell and the insulating layer grid are divided by using a Lagrange method; the interaction between Lagrange/Lagrange bodies adopts an erosion algorithm, so that erosion inertia is reserved and invalid units are eliminated; the Lagrange/Euler body coupling is adaptively modulated.
3. The solid engine impact detonation simulation evaluation method for externally loading impact pressure load according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step 2, the engine shell material and the end cover material adopt a Rankine Hugonoot impact linear state equation and a Johnson Cook strength model, and failure is ignored; the rubber pad used for the heat insulating layer also adopts an impact linear state equation, and strength and failure are not considered; the propellant charge of the engine was simulated using a JWL equation of state and a Lee-Tarver ignition growth model.
4. The solid engine impact detonation simulation evaluation method for externally loading impact pressure load according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the loading mode in the step 4 comprises single-point loading and surface loading.
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| 边界尺寸对爆炸冲击载荷作用下薄板响应影响仿真研究;张羽翔;陈放;;舰船科学技术(05);全文 * |
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