CN112380731A - Method for evaluating performance of asphalt pavement based on three-dimensional discrete element method - Google Patents
Method for evaluating performance of asphalt pavement based on three-dimensional discrete element method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional discrete element method-based asphalt pavement performance evaluation method, which comprises the steps of firstly generating coarse aggregates through Python language, then setting the size range of a virtual pavement structure layer according to actual pavement structure information, calculating the volume fraction of the coarse aggregates, randomly adding the coarse aggregates into each structure layer of a pavement, generating a three-dimensional discrete element virtual pavement structure model, and finally calculating the performance index of the virtual pavement structure. The evaluation method disclosed by the invention is used for evaluating the structural performance of different pavements by calculating the pavement mechanical response characteristic under the load action, and has strong practicability and operability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of evaluating road performance of a road surface structure, in particular to an evaluation method of asphalt road surface performance based on a three-dimensional discrete element method.
Background
In the operation period, the comfort of the asphalt pavement is seriously influenced in the form of diseases mainly including cracking and rutting, and the diseases such as rutting, cracking and the like appear on the asphalt pavement without reaching the design service life under the repeated action of vehicle loads, particularly heavy-duty vehicles. Therefore, the method has important significance for enhancing the service performance of the asphalt pavement and guiding the design of the asphalt pavement structure by mastering the internal mechanical response characteristics of the asphalt pavement under the action of vehicle load. The traditional method for researching the mechanical response characteristics of the pavement structure is an actual measurement method, an entity road is used as a carrier, relevant data are collected through a buried sensor, and the mechanical response characteristics in the pavement structure are analyzed. However, the actual measurement method is relatively poor in economy, needs to consume a large amount of manpower and material resources to pave a test road, and needs advanced data acquisition equipment for support.
With the development of computer technology, numerical simulation software shows vigorous vitality in road engineering, and a finite element method and a discrete element method are common in simulation research. However, the finite element method cannot consider aggregate, cement and voids in the asphalt mixture in a distinguishing manner, neglect geometric and physical characteristics such as aggregate shape, spatial position, aggregate texture and aggregate gradation, and cannot comprehensively consider the influence of each phase on the relevant performance of the asphalt mixture. Although the discrete element method has inherent advantages in processing the discontinuous and large deformation problems like asphalt mixtures, most scholars use discrete elements to model the pavement structure at present, only stay on a two-dimensional layer and the load type is static load, the irregular shape of aggregate and the embedding and extruding effect among layers are not considered, the temperature gradient distribution in the pavement structure is neglected, the model is rough, and a certain difference exists between the model and the real pavement structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method of asphalt pavement performance based on a three-dimensional discrete element method aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for evaluating the performance of an asphalt pavement based on a three-dimensional discrete element method comprises the following steps:
(1) generating coarse aggregates with irregular shapes in various grades based on a Python language algorithm;
(2) setting the size range of a virtual pavement structure layer according to the actual asphalt pavement structure information, calculating the volume fraction of coarse aggregates of each structure layer of the pavement in the virtual pavement structure layer, and randomly adding the irregular-shaped coarse aggregates generated in the step (1) into the virtual pavement structure layer in a mutually non-overlapping principle;
(3) filling a virtual pavement structure layer with mother sphere particles with the radius of 1.18mm, taking the mother sphere particles outside the coarse aggregate as mucilage, randomly deleting a corresponding number of mother sphere particles in the mucilage according to the actual porosity to form gaps, and simulating the gaps in the actual asphalt pavement to obtain a virtual pavement structure model;
(4) recording coordinates of all coarse aggregates, mucilage and gaps in the virtual pavement structure in the step (3), and importing the coordinates into PFC3D5.0 software to generate a three-dimensional discrete element virtual pavement structure model;
(5) and (3) carrying out temperature gradient division on the three-dimensional discrete element virtual pavement structure model generated in the step (4) along the depth direction according to the temperature gradient existing in the actual asphalt pavement, introducing a damage factor D into the three-dimensional discrete element virtual pavement structure model according to the damage characteristic of the actual asphalt pavement, and giving material parameters at different depths to the model.
(6) And then, carrying out simulation analysis on the mechanical response value in the pavement surface layer under the action of the moving load to obtain a rut value R, a maximum shear stress tau and a maximum transverse strain value S in the pavement surface layer under the action of the load, and then calculating a performance index PI of the virtual pavement structure:
a, B, C are respectively a first route performance index coefficient, a second route performance index coefficient and a third route performance index coefficient, wherein when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, A takes a value of 0.4, B takes a value of 0.4 and C takes a value of 0.2; when the temperature is lower than 30 ℃, the value of A is 0.2, the value of B is 0.4, and the value of C is 0.4; ruThe pavement is a critical value when the track is damaged, and the value is 15 mm; tau isuShear strength of road surface, SuThe shear strength is obtained by a uniaxial penetration test of the asphalt mixture, and the ultimate tensile strain is obtained by a tensile test of the asphalt mixture.
Further, the volume fraction J of coarse aggregate in each structural layeriComprises the following steps:
wherein, Pi+1、PiRespectively representing the mass passing percentage of the i +1 th aggregate and the i th aggregate in the structural layer mixture; VV is a structural layer mixture design void ratio; alpha is the oilstone ratio of the structural layer mixture; rhocThe aggregate density in the structural layer mixture; rhobIs the pitch density.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is based on a three-dimensional discrete element method, considers the temperature gradient and the fatigue damage characteristic existing in the actual road surface to establish a virtual road surface structure model, calculates the important index rut value and the surface layer internal stress strain value of the road surface structure under the action of load, comprehensively considers the different weights of the three, provides the road surface structure performance index, carries out quantitative evaluation on the performance of the road surface structure, and has strong practicability and operability. Compared with other methods, the method has the advantages of time and labor saving and higher economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for evaluating the performance of an asphalt pavement by a three-dimensional discrete element method, which comprises the following steps: a method for evaluating the performance of an asphalt pavement based on a three-dimensional discrete element method comprises the following steps:
(1) generating coarse aggregates with irregular shapes in various grades based on a Python language algorithm, and meeting the requirements of any shape of the actual coarse aggregates;
(2) setting the size range of a virtual pavement structure layer according to the actual asphalt pavement structure information, calculating the volume fraction of coarse aggregates of each structure layer of the pavement in the virtual pavement structure layer, and randomly adding the irregular-shaped coarse aggregates generated in the step (1) into the virtual pavement structure layer in a mutually non-overlapping principle; volume fraction J of coarse aggregate in each structural layeriComprises the following steps:
wherein, Pi+1、PiRespectively representing the mass passing percentage of the i +1 th aggregate and the i th aggregate in the structural layer mixture; VV is a structural layer mixture design void ratio; alpha is the oilstone ratio of the structural layer mixture; rhocThe aggregate density in the structural layer mixture; rhobIs the pitch density.
(3) Filling the virtual pavement structure layer with mother sphere particles with the radius of 1.18mm, and taking the mother sphere particles outside the coarse aggregate as glueSlurry, in which a corresponding number of mother sphere particles are randomly deleted in the slurry according to the actual porosity to form gaps, and the gaps in the actual asphalt pavement are simulated to obtain a virtual pavement structure; the boundary of the virtual pavement structure is represented by rigid walls with different rigidity parameters, the rigidity parameters of the boundary walls around the virtual pavement structure are set to be the same as the rigidity of the small spherical particles, and the value is 109N/m, simulating the reaction effect of the outer-boundary small balls on the virtual pavement structure, and selecting proper rigidity parameters for the wall body applied to the bottom of the virtual pavement structure according to the pavement structure base material.
(4) Recording coordinates of all coarse aggregates, mucilage and gaps in the virtual pavement structure in the step (3), and importing the coordinates into PFC3D5.0 software to generate a three-dimensional discrete element virtual pavement structure model;
(5) and (3) carrying out temperature gradient division on the three-dimensional discrete element virtual pavement structure model generated in the step (4) along the depth direction according to the temperature gradient existing in the actual asphalt pavement, and introducing a damage factor D into the three-dimensional discrete element virtual pavement structure model according to the damage characteristic of the actual asphalt pavement to serve as material parameters at different depths. The injury factor D is expressed according to a one-dimensional integral given by Rabotnov:
the above equation is integrated and substituted with an initial value (t is 0 and D is 0)+) And final value (t ═ t)cD ═ 1), one can obtain:
wherein D (t) is a material damage factor; t is tcTime to damage reach extreme; λ, m, n are temperature dependent material parameters; sigma0Stress in a uniaxial state.
Determining material parameters lambda, m and n in the formula through a uniaxial creep test of a plurality of groups of asphalt mortar, and recording the failure time t of the asphalt mortarcAnd obtaining the asphalt material damage factor expression under each working condition.
(6) And then, carrying out simulation analysis on the mechanical response value in the pavement surface layer under the action of the moving load to obtain a rut value R, a maximum shear stress tau and a maximum transverse strain value S in the pavement surface layer under the action of the load, and then calculating a performance index PI of the virtual pavement structure:
a, B, C are respectively a first route performance index coefficient, a second route performance index coefficient and a third route performance index coefficient, wherein when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, A takes a value of 0.4, B takes a value of 0.4 and C takes a value of 0.2; when the temperature is lower than 30 ℃, the value of A is 0.2, the value of B is 0.4, and the value of C is 0.4; ruThe pavement is a critical value when the track is damaged, and the value is 15 mm; tau isuShear strength of road surface, SuThe shear strength is obtained by a uniaxial penetration test of the asphalt mixture, and the ultimate tensile strain is obtained by a tensile test of the asphalt mixture. The rutting value of the road surface and the stress strain value in the road surface structure are the reflection of the quality of the road surface structure, particularly the rutting value of the road surface is an important index in the periodic evaluation and the maintenance of the road surface, and the running comfort of vehicles and the safety and the service life of the road surface are directly reflected. And the smaller the performance index PI of the virtual pavement structure is, the better the pavement performance of the pavement structure is.
Examples
In the present example, eight kinds of pavement structures were studied, and information on materials of respective layers of the eight kinds of pavement structures is shown in table 1. In the embodiment, only the road surface structure is taken as an example, and the reconstruction of the virtual road surface structure is described in detail.
TABLE 1 road surface Structure information
(1) Firstly, the mixture grading types of each structural layer of the structure are SMA 13, AC20 and ATB25, the aggregate grading composition is shown in Table 2, the thicknesses of an upper surface layer, a middle surface layer and a lower surface layer are respectively 4cm, 6cm and 12cm, the void ratio of each layer is respectively 3 percent, 4 percent and 4.5 percent, and the size of the virtual pavement structure is 43cm multiplied by 22 cm.
TABLE 2 aggregate grading compositions
The aggregate grading compositions are given in Table 2, according to
And calculating the volume fraction of the coarse and fine aggregates in the asphalt mixture structure layer test piece, as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 volume fraction of coarse aggregate in each grade
| Mesh size/mm | 31.5 | 26.5 | 19 | 16 | 13.2 | 9.5 | 4.75 | 2.36 | Total (%) |
| Upper layer (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.59 | 27.28 | 30.29 | 5.09 | 66.25 |
| Middle layer (%) | 0 | 0 | 3.38 | 10.82 | 13.33 | 8.83 | 15.32 | 10.04 | 61.72 |
| Lower layer (%) | 0 | 1.26 | 22.65 | 7.49 | 7.49 | 7.49 | 10.61 | 7.66 | 64.65 |
(2) Then, generating coarse aggregates with irregular shapes in all grades based on a Python language algorithm; the method mainly comprises the following steps:
(2.1) first, a sphere of radius R, referred to herein as the body of aggregate particles, is created within the cubic space cell.
(2.2) taking the center of the cube overlapped with the center sphere center as a starting point of expanding directions, expanding the directions of six plane centers and eight edges of the cube to generate a sphere with a smaller radius, and forming the edges and irregular shapes of the aggregate.
(3) Filling and filling all the generated irregular coarse aggregates in a virtual pavement structure layer by using mother sphere particles with the radius of 1.18mm in a transverse hexagonal arrangement mode, classifying the mother spheres in the range of the irregular coarse aggregates into small aggregate spheres, regarding the mother sphere particles outside the coarse aggregates as mucilage, randomly deleting a corresponding number of mother sphere particles in the mucilage according to the actual porosity to form gaps, and simulating the gaps in the actual asphalt pavement to obtain a virtual pavement structure;
(4) and (4) recording coordinates of all coarse aggregates, mucilage and gaps in the virtual pavement structure in the step (3), and importing the coordinates into PFC3D5.0 software to generate a three-dimensional discrete element virtual pavement structure model.
(5) And applying proper boundary conditions and loads to the virtual pavement structure model. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
(5.1) applying rigid walls around the model to simulate the boundary of the virtual model, the rigidity of the wall of the boundary is set to be 109N/m is consistent with the rigidity of the mother sphere particles, so that the reaction effect of the spheres outside the model boundary on the whole virtual model is simulated.
(5.2) selecting proper rigidity parameters for the wall applied to the bottom of the model according to the base material of the pavement structure, wherein the rigidity values of the wall on the bottom surfaces of the eight pavement structures are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 wall rigidity values at bottom of each pavement structure
(5.3) the application of the load is realized by a cylinder wall in PFC3D5.0, and the application of the moving load needs to be completed by starting servo program commands in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The speed of 20km/h is given in the horizontal direction, a servo program needs to be activated in the vertical direction, the motion state of the wall unit is changed in real time according to a servo algorithm, and the specified stress value of 0.7MPa is achieved by adjusting the loading speed of the wall unit in the vertical direction in real time. The time for the virtual model to complete one load is calculated to be 0.07 s.
(6) Burgers models (parameters) under different working conditions (different temperatures and asphalt materials) are used as material parameters to be endowed to the pavement model. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
(6.1) the pavement structure was subjected to temperature gradient division in the depth direction (taking Shijiazhu as an example, and the local air temperature as a reference) as shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 representative temperatures of pavement structure layers
(6.2) uniaxial creep tests were performed on various corresponding asphalt mortars at different temperatures to obtain Burgers model parameters, as shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 Burgers model parameters under various working conditions
(7.3) introducing a damage factor D, defining damage extreme value time according to a creep curve of the asphalt mortar, determining a damage factor expression, and correcting the Burgers model contact parameters, wherein the determined damage factor expression is shown in the following table 7.
TABLE 7 asphalt material damage factor expressions under various working conditions
(8) And then, carrying out simulation analysis on the mechanical response value in the pavement surface layer under the action of 50 ten thousand times of load to obtain a rut value R, a maximum shear stress tau and a maximum transverse strain value S in the pavement surface layer under the action of load, and then calculating a performance index PI of the virtual pavement structure:
a, B, C are respectively a first route performance index coefficient, a second route performance index coefficient and a third route performance index coefficient, wherein when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, A takes a value of 0.4, B takes a value of 0.4 and C takes a value of 0.2; when the temperature is lower than 30 ℃, the value of A is 0.2, the value of B is 0.4, and the value of C is 0.4; ruThe pavement is a critical value when the track is damaged, and the value is 15 mm; tau isuShear strength of road surface, SuThe shear strength is obtained by a uniaxial penetration test of the asphalt mixture, and the ultimate tensile strain is obtained by a tensile test of the asphalt mixture.
The smaller the PI is, the better the road performance of the road surface structure is, so that the road surface superiority and inferiority of different structure combinations are evaluated.
The rut value R, the maximum shear stress tau and the maximum transverse strain value S of the eight pavement structures under the action of 50 ten thousand times of load are shown in the table 8.
Surface 8 road surface layer mechanics response analog value
The ultimate shear strength of the pavement structure layer under each working condition is determined through a uniaxial penetration test of the asphalt mixture, and the ultimate tensile strain is obtained through a uniaxial tensile test. In the examples, eight road surface structure performance indexes, τ, were obtained for convenienceu、SuThe mean value of the maximum shear stress and the maximum transverse strain under the wheel centers of the eight road surface structures is taken. The performance indexes PI of the pavement structures obtained by combining table 8 are shown in table 9, and the PI values of the pavement structure six are smaller than those of the other pavement structures under the conditions of high temperature, medium temperature and low temperature, so that the pavement performance of the pavement structure six is the best.
TABLE 9 road surface structure performance index PI value
Claims (2)
1. The method for evaluating the performance of the asphalt pavement based on the three-dimensional discrete element method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) generating coarse aggregates with irregular shapes in various grades based on a Python language algorithm;
(2) setting the size range of a virtual pavement structure layer according to the actual asphalt pavement structure information, calculating the volume fraction of coarse aggregates of each structure layer of the pavement in the virtual pavement structure layer, and randomly adding the irregular-shaped coarse aggregates generated in the step (1) into the virtual pavement structure layer in a mutually non-overlapping principle;
(3) filling a virtual pavement structure layer with mother sphere particles with the radius of 1.18mm, taking the mother sphere particles outside the coarse aggregate as mucilage, randomly deleting a corresponding number of mother sphere particles in the mucilage according to the actual porosity to form gaps, and simulating the gaps in the actual asphalt pavement to obtain a virtual pavement structure model;
(4) recording coordinates of all coarse aggregates, mucilage and gaps in the virtual pavement structure in the step (3), and importing the coordinates into PFC3D5.0 software to generate a three-dimensional discrete element virtual pavement structure model;
(5) and (3) carrying out temperature gradient division on the three-dimensional discrete element virtual pavement structure model generated in the step (4) along the depth direction according to the temperature gradient existing in the actual asphalt pavement, introducing a damage factor D into the three-dimensional discrete element virtual pavement structure model according to the damage characteristic of the actual asphalt pavement, and giving material parameters at different depths to the model.
(6) And then, carrying out simulation analysis on the mechanical response value in the pavement surface layer under the action of the moving load to obtain a rut value R, a maximum shear stress tau and a maximum transverse strain value S in the pavement surface layer under the action of the load, and then calculating a performance index PI of the virtual pavement structure:
a, B, C are respectively a first route performance index coefficient, a second route performance index coefficient and a third route performance index coefficient, wherein when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, A takes a value of 0.4, B takes a value of 0.4 and C takes a value of 0.2; when the temperature is lower than 30 ℃, the value of A is 0.2, the value of B is 0.4, and the value of C is 0.4; ruThe pavement is a critical value when the track is damaged, and the value is 15 mm; tau isuShear strength of road surface, SuThe shear strength is obtained by a uniaxial penetration test of the asphalt mixture, and the ultimate tensile strain is obtained by a tensile test of the asphalt mixture.
2. The method for evaluating the structural performance of a pavement based on the discrete element method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume fraction J of the coarse aggregate in each structural layeriComprises the following steps:
wherein, Pi+1、PiRespectively representing the mass passing percentage of the i +1 th aggregate and the i th aggregate in the structural layer mixture; VV is a structural layer mixture design void ratio; alpha is the oilstone ratio of the structural layer mixture; rhocThe aggregate density in the structural layer mixture; rhobIs the pitch density.
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| CN117350141A (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-01-05 | 佛山市交通科技有限公司 | Fatigue damage simulation method and equipment for regenerated asphalt mixture based on discrete elements |
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