CN112379397B - Measurement method for reducing error in azimuth angle of tunnel ground control network - Google Patents
Measurement method for reducing error in azimuth angle of tunnel ground control network Download PDFInfo
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- CN112379397B CN112379397B CN202011331501.XA CN202011331501A CN112379397B CN 112379397 B CN112379397 B CN 112379397B CN 202011331501 A CN202011331501 A CN 202011331501A CN 112379397 B CN112379397 B CN 112379397B
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/35—Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
- G01S19/37—Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: constructing a tunnel ground control network, respectively forming a geodesic quadrangle or a triangle by the control points at the inlet and outlet ends of the tunnel, carrying out ground precise ranging on all short sides, obtaining independent baselines of all short sides at the inlet and outlet ends and connecting sides between the inlet and outlet ends by adopting GNSS measurement, carrying out elevation surface modification on the ground precise ranging result of the tunnel ground control network to obtain ground ranging data of the control points, carrying out two-dimensional joint adjustment on GNSS observation values and the ground precise ranging data under a construction coordinate system, and obtaining azimuth angles and azimuth errors of the independent baselines. The invention can obviously reduce the error in the short-side azimuth angle of the inlet and outlet ends, and can reduce larger error in transverse penetration for long tunnels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering mapping, in particular to a measuring method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network.
Background
In the prior art, a GNSS control network is generally adopted as a tunnel ground control network. However, for long tunnels, the distance between control points at the inlet and outlet ends of the tunnels is limited by terrain conditions, the side length is short (less than 500 m), and because of the systematic error of GNSS, the middle error of the GNSS base line can reach 5mm, so that the error in the azimuth angle of the short side of the GNSS control network is large, and the transverse through error of the tunnels is greatly influenced.
Therefore, how to reduce the error in the azimuth angle of the tunnel ground control network is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a measuring method for reducing the error in the azimuth angle of a tunnel ground control network, which can improve the error in the azimuth angle of ground precision ranging.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a measurement method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Constructing a tunnel ground control network, respectively selecting four control points near an inlet end and an outlet end of a tunnel, ensuring that no two control points at most can be seen between the four control points at the inlet end, ensuring that no two control points at most can be seen between the four control points at the outlet end, respectively forming a geodesic quadrangle or two triangles by the four control points at the inlet end of the tunnel and the four control points at the outlet end according to the visual conditions, and carrying out ground precise ranging on all short sides of the geodesic quadrangle or the triangle, wherein the short sides are connecting lines of any two points in the control points forming the geodesic quadrangle or the triangle;
2) GNSS receivers are adopted to respectively carry out GNSS measurement at the inlet end control points and the outlet end control points, independent baselines of all short sides of the inlet end and the outlet end and independent baselines of connecting sides between the inlet end control points and the outlet end control points are obtained, the number of the connecting sides is one minus the number of the GNSS receivers, and the connecting sides and the short sides need to form a geodetic quadrangle or triangle, and the independent baselines are used as GNSS observation values;
3) Carrying out elevation surface modification on the ground precision ranging result of the tunnel ground control network to obtain ground ranging data of a control point;
4) And under the construction coordinate system, carrying out two-dimensional joint adjustment on the GNSS observation value and the ground precise ranging data to obtain the azimuth angles of the independent baselines and the errors in the azimuth angles.
In the step 1), when four control points at the inlet end of the tunnel are all visible, the four control points form a geodetic quadrilateral, and ground precise ranging is performed on all short sides of the geodetic quadrilateral.
Further, in the step 1), when two control points of the four control points at the inlet end of the tunnel cannot be seen, two groups of three control points which can be seen in the four control points form two triangles, and ground precision ranging is performed on all short sides of the two triangles.
Furthermore, in the step 1), when four control points at the exit end of the tunnel are all visible, the four control points are formed into a geodetic quadrilateral, and ground precision ranging is performed on all short sides of the geodetic quadrilateral.
Furthermore, in the step 1), when two control points out of four control points at the exit end of the tunnel cannot be seen, two three control points visible in the four control points form two triangles, and ground precision ranging is performed on all short sides of the two triangles.
Further, the short sides of the inlet end and the outlet end of the tunnel are not more than 500m, and the connecting side between the inlet end and the outlet end is not more than 50km.
Further, the height angle of the ground barrier in the tunnel ground control network is not more than 15 DEG
According to the invention, two-dimensional joint adjustment is carried out according to GNSS measurement and ground precise ranging, the ground precise ranging improves the precision of the GNSS control network, and the error in the short-side azimuth angle of the inlet and outlet ends is obviously reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a geodetic quadrilateral of four control points.
Fig. 3 shows two triangles of four control points.
Detailed Description
The following describes a measurement method for reducing an error in an azimuth angle of a tunnel ground control network, taking a tunnel construction control network composed of eight control points observed in synchronization as an example.
1) And constructing a tunnel ground control network, wherein four control points are respectively selected near an inlet end and an outlet end of the tunnel, the short sides of the inlet end and the outlet end of the tunnel are not more than 500m, and the connecting side between the inlet end and the outlet end is not more than 50km. According to the general view, the control points (A, B, C, D) at the inlet end of the tunnel are formed into a geodetic shape (A-B-C-D) due to the general view between A, B, C, D. Because H, E cannot be seen, the control points (E, F, G, H) at the exit end of the tunnel form two triangles (H-G-F, E-G-F), see FIG. 1, and the ground precision ranging is carried out on the four sides (A-B, BC-, C-D, D-A, A-C, B-D, E-F, F-G, G-H, E-G, H-F) of the geodetic quadrangle and the triangle, wherein the short sides are connecting lines of any two points of the control points forming the geodetic quadrangle or the triangle, and the height angle of the ground barrier in the ground control network of the tunnel is not more than 15 degrees (if the height angle is more than 15 degrees, satellite signal receiving is affected).
2) Adopting four GNSS receivers, adopting the four GNSS receivers to randomly divide six time periods in a day, carrying out GNSS measurement on an inlet and outlet end control point in each time period with the length of one hour (the length of a baseline time period being more than 10km is 4 hours), selecting independent baselines according to time periods, wherein the number of the independent baselines in each time period is n-1 (n is the number of the GNSS receivers), the selected independent baselines can form a triangle or a quadrangle, three connecting edges (G-C, B-F, B-E) of an inlet end control point and an outlet end control point are selected in the embodiment, and meanwhile, eleven short edges (A-B, B-C, C-D, D-A, A-C, B-D, E-F, F-G, G-H, E-G, H-F) of an inlet end and an outlet end are obtained as independent baselines, and the independent baselines can be used as GNSS observation values;
3) And carrying out elevation surface modification on the ground precise ranging result of the tunnel ground control network to obtain ground ranging data of the control point.
Taking the average elevation 310m of the tunnel inlet and outlet as a reduced elevation surface, and calculating the length of the ranging edge after the elevation surface is changed according to the following formula:
wherein: d (D) H To calculate the distance measuring edge length (m) to the calculated elevation surface;
D P the horizontal distance (m) of the ranging edge for the ground;
H P to calculate the elevation (m) of the elevation surface;
H M the average elevation (m) of two end points of the ground ranging edge is obtained;
R A is the radius of curvature (m) of the reference ellipsoid in the direction of the ranging side.
4) And under the construction coordinate system, carrying out two-dimensional joint adjustment on the GNSS observation value and the ground precise ranging data to obtain the azimuth angles of the independent baselines and the errors in the azimuth angles.
The tunnel length is 4.6km, the control point network is shown in figure 2, four points at the outlet end form two triangles (shown in figure 1), and the shortest side length is 0.58m; the four control points at the inlet end form a geodetic shape (as shown in figure 1), and the shortest side length is 0.35km. The control network was composed of fourteen GNSS independent baselines (medium error 5 mm+1ppm), and eleven ground precision ranging (medium error 1 mm) was performed.
And carrying out two-dimensional joint adjustment on the GNSS observation value and the ground precise ranging, taking E as a fixed point, taking E-B as a fixed azimuth angle, carrying out elevation surface modification on the ground precise ranging result, selecting an elevation projection surface 310m, and preprocessing to obtain ground ranging data of a control point.
The above-mentioned two-dimensional joint adjustment based on the GNSS observation values and the ground ranging data, and the error in the azimuth of the GNSS adjustment are compared as shown in table 1.
Table 1 error in azimuth comparison table of joint adjustment and GNSS adjustment
Note that: MA 1-GNSS adjustment, error in azimuth
MA 2-GNSS and ground precision ranging combined adjustment, error in azimuth
Delta MA-error improvement in azimuth
As can be seen from Table 1, the maximum error improvement quantity DeltaMA in azimuth angles of two schemes of GNSS control net adjustment, GNSS observation value and ground precision ranging combined adjustment is-1.05', the side length is A-D, the length is 0.35km, the error improvement quantity in azimuth angles of short sides is large, the azimuth angle of a tunnel is A-D, the tunnel entrance point is JK, the tunnel adopts TBM for unidirectional tunneling, the through surface is the tunnel exit point CK, and the error in transverse through can be reduced by 0.023m. Therefore, according to the measuring method for reducing the error in the azimuth angle of the tunnel ground control network, the control points at the inlet and outlet ends of the tunnel form a geodetic quadrangle or triangle, ground precise ranging is performed, two-dimensional joint adjustment is performed according to GNSS observation values and ground ranging data, the error in the azimuth angle of the short side at the inlet and outlet ends can be obviously reduced, and larger error in transverse penetration can be reduced for a long tunnel.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the structure of the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The measuring method for reducing the error in the azimuth angle of the tunnel ground control network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Constructing a tunnel ground control network, respectively selecting four control points near an inlet end and an outlet end of a tunnel, ensuring that no two control points at most can be seen between the four control points at the inlet end, ensuring that no two control points at most can be seen between the four control points at the outlet end, respectively forming a geodesic quadrangle or two triangles by the four control points at the inlet end of the tunnel and the four control points at the outlet end according to the visual conditions, and carrying out ground precise ranging on all short sides of the geodesic quadrangle or the triangle, wherein the short sides are connecting lines of any two points in the control points forming the geodesic quadrangle or the triangle;
2) GNSS receivers are adopted to respectively carry out GNSS measurement at the inlet end control points and the outlet end control points, independent baselines of all short sides of the inlet end and the outlet end and independent baselines of connecting sides between the inlet end control points and the outlet end control points are obtained, the number of the connecting sides is one minus the number of the GNSS receivers, and the connecting sides and the short sides need to form a geodetic quadrangle or triangle, and the independent baselines are used as GNSS observation values;
3) Carrying out elevation surface modification on the ground precision ranging result of the tunnel ground control network to obtain ground ranging data of a control point;
taking the average elevation of the tunnel inlet and outlet as a reduced elevation surface, and calculating the length of the ranging edge after the elevation surface is changed according to the following formula:
wherein: d (D) H To calculate the distance measuring edge length (m) to the calculated elevation surface;
D P the horizontal distance (m) of the ranging edge for the ground;
H P to calculate the elevation (m) of the elevation surface;
H M the average elevation (m) of two end points of the ground ranging edge is obtained;
R A radius of curvature (m) of the reference ellipsoid in the ranging side direction;
4) And under the construction coordinate system, carrying out two-dimensional joint adjustment on the GNSS observation value and the ground precise ranging data to obtain the azimuth angles of the independent baselines and the errors in the azimuth angles.
2. The measurement method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), when four control points at the inlet end of the tunnel are all visible, the four control points form a geodetic quadrilateral, and ground precise ranging is performed on all short sides of the geodetic quadrilateral.
3. The measurement method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), when two control points of the four control points at the inlet end of the tunnel cannot be seen, two groups of three control points which can be seen in the four control points form two triangles, and ground precision ranging is performed on all short sides of the two triangles.
4. The measurement method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), when four control points at the outlet end of the tunnel are all visible, the four control points form a geodetic quadrilateral, and ground precise ranging is performed on all short sides of the geodetic quadrilateral.
5. The measurement method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), when two control points of the four control points at the outlet end of the tunnel cannot be seen, two groups of three control points which can be seen in the four control points form two triangles, and ground precision ranging is performed on all short sides of the two triangles.
6. The measurement method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), four GNSS receivers are adopted to randomly divide six time periods in a day, each time period is one hour long, GNSS measurement is performed on the control points of the inlet and outlet ends, independent baselines of all short sides of the inlet and outlet ends and connecting sides between the inlet and outlet ends are obtained, and the independent baselines are used as GNSS observation values.
7. The measurement method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network according to claim 1, wherein: the short sides of the inlet end and the outlet end of the tunnel are not more than 500m, and the connecting side between the inlet end and the outlet end is not more than 50km.
8. The measurement method for reducing errors in azimuth angles of a tunnel ground control network according to claim 1, wherein: the height angle of the ground barrier in the tunnel ground control network is not more than 15 degrees.
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