CN112379215A - Distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection method - Google Patents
Distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112379215A CN112379215A CN202011193155.3A CN202011193155A CN112379215A CN 112379215 A CN112379215 A CN 112379215A CN 202011193155 A CN202011193155 A CN 202011193155A CN 112379215 A CN112379215 A CN 112379215A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection method of a distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system, which comprises the following steps: the distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system enables a detected line to be connected to an E end and an L end between a current sampling module and a high-voltage source internal resistance, the detected line is excited by applying a high voltage, the current generated by excitation is measured, the resistance of the detected line is calculated according to an ohm theorem, and a fault distance point is calculated through the resistance. The fault detection method can realize rapid positioning and locking of the fault area, improve emergency rescue and working efficiency, reduce man-machine efficiency, reduce risks and reduce the positioning difficulty of the fault point.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection method, and belongs to the technical field of power fault detection.
Background
At present, after a distribution network is tripped due to faults in China, fault current is not researched to judge a fault area, and a lot of faults can be found out only after a long time. The method is characterized in that the method is firstly researched and applied to detection in a distribution network, only a mechanical insulation megger is used for checking ground faults, the method is widely applied at present, in recent years, a digital insulation megger test is introduced in China, a broad direct current test transmission instrument cannot convert fault tripping current into fault distance application technology, and branch switches and main line section switches are pulled down to carry out one-by-one elimination method under the condition that a line is in a hot standby state, so that the searching mode is high in safety risk, long in repair and power restoration time, high in fault point locating difficulty and long in invisible fault searching time (generally 1-2 days).
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for detecting the distance of the grounding short circuit fault of the distribution network is provided to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a detection method of a distribution network grounding short circuit fault distance detection system comprises the following steps: the distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system enables a detected line to be connected to an E end and an L end between a current sampling module and a high-voltage source internal resistance, the detected line is excited by applying a high voltage, the current generated by excitation is measured, the resistance of the detected line is calculated according to an ohm theorem, and a fault distance point is calculated through the resistance.
The high voltage source accessed by the tested circuit is as follows: the pulse width modulation chip outputs a pulse width signal with the frequency of 40kHz by using a working mode of pulse width modulation negative feedback control, the switching power tube is controlled to drive the high-frequency transformer to work, the output voltage of the transformer forms direct-current high voltage after multi-voltage rectification, and the output voltage is fed back and input into the high-speed operational amplifier to regulate the pulse width signal in real time.
The method for calculating the fault distance point comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating fault points according to a main line, and if the distance calculated according to the main line calculation mode exceeds the distance calculated by a branch line, continuously calculating according to a secondary branch line calculation mode; and marking the node closest to the fault point after the calculation is finished, marking the node on the map by using a red mark, and prompting the fault distance.
And the calculation of the fault distance point comprises the calculation of the fault distance by the disconnection protection short circuit action and the calculation of the fault distance by the overcurrent protection short circuit action.
Impedance parameters of the line table 1:
| type of wire | LGJ240 | LGJ185 | LGJ150 | LGJ120 | LGJ95 | LGJ70 | LGJ50 |
| Direct current resistance omega | 0.1209 | 0.1542 | 0.198 | 0.2496 | 0.3019 | 0.4217 | 0.5946 |
| Impedance is omega/km | 0.4035 | 0.4231 | 0.4486 | 0.4783 | 0.5124 | 0.5994 | 0.7379 |
Calculating the fault distance by the quick-break protection short-circuit action:
in the formula: short circuit point distance, which represents the distance between the short circuit point and the tripping circuit breaker, and the unit is as follows: km;
u: operating line voltage, unit: kV;
i, short-circuit current of a tested line, unit: a;
z1, namely selecting the type of the circuit by the quick-break protection trip, namely selecting the impedance value of the unit circuit corresponding to the type of the main circuit; impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z2, namely, selecting the type of the circuit by the quick-break protection trip, namely, selecting the impedance value of the unit circuit of the corresponding table 1 of the type of the main circuit; impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z3: the model of the quick-break protection trip is selected, namely the model of the main line is selected to correspond to the impedance value of the unit line in the table 1; impedance sign: z, unit: omega.
And (3) calculating the fault distance by overcurrent protection short-circuit action:
in the formula: short circuit point distance, which represents the distance between the short circuit point and the tripping circuit breaker, and the unit is as follows: km;
u: operating line voltage, unit: kV;
i, short-circuit current of a tested line, unit: a;
z1, namely, selecting the type of the circuit by the quick-break protection trip, namely, selecting the impedance value of the unit circuit of the corresponding table 1 of the type of the main circuit; impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z2, namely, the model of the quick-break protection tripping selection line, namely, the model of the minimum line diameter of the selected branch line corresponds to the unit line impedance value in the table 1; impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z3: the model of the quick-break protection trip is selected, namely the model of the minimum line diameter of the selected branch line corresponds to the unit line impedance value in the table 1; impedance sign: z, unit: omega.
The high-voltage source is connected to the output end of the voltage-multiplying rectifying module before internal resistance, the voltage-multiplying rectifying module is connected to the high-frequency transformer, the high-frequency transformer is connected to the driving module, and the driving module is connected to the charging module through the translation module.
The translation module adopts a resistance-capacitance interference suppression circuit, the resistance-capacitance interference suppression circuit utilizes a resistor and a capacitor to carry out signal filtering, a differential mode is connected between the resistor and the ground end in parallel to access a capacitor, the signal conditioning of the operational amplifier is connected after the resistance-capacitance filtering, and a voltage signal matched with a subsequent module is output.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the fault detection method can realize rapid positioning and locking of the fault area, improve emergency rescue and working efficiency, reduce man-machine efficiency, reduce risks and reduce the positioning difficulty of the fault point.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a detection system;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a rendering module;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control sampling circuit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a high voltage module connection structure;
fig. 5 is a calculation flow chart.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-5, a distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system comprises a central control unit, a translation module, a driving module, a voltage sampling module, a range conversion module, and a signal conditioning module, the device comprises a current sampling module and a current limiting circuit module, wherein the translation module, the voltage sampling module, the range conversion module and the signal conditioning module are electrically connected to a central control unit, the translation module is also connected to a charging module, a driving module and a current limiting circuit module, the current limiting circuit module is connected to the range conversion module and the current sampling module, the signal conditioning module is connected to the current sampling module and the range conversion module, the driving module is connected to a voltage doubling rectifying module through a high-frequency transformer, the output end of the voltage doubling rectifying module is connected with a high-voltage source internal resistance and the voltage sampling module, and a measured line is connected between the current sampling module and the high-voltage source internal resistance in series. The detection system adopts the lithium battery pack as a power supply, and the intelligent charging module is adopted for power charging, so that the charging parameters do not need to be adjusted manually. The lithium battery has large capacity, small volume and long endurance time, and can ensure the stable operation of the instrument for a long time after being fully charged. The central control unit is used as a central pivot of the instrument system, the single chip microcomputer is used as a main control chip, and the central control unit plays a role in coordinating the cooperation of all functional modules aiming at the assembly language programming of the machine. In the figure, the current at the end E is taken as leakage current, the magnitude of the leakage current is measured by a current sampling module, the central control unit automatically adjusts the current sampling range, and the digital quantity after current sampling is transmitted to the central control unit after signal conditioning.
Preferably, the decoding module adopts a resistance-capacitance interference suppression circuit, as shown in fig. 2, the resistance-capacitance interference suppression circuit performs signal filtering by using a resistor and a capacitor, a differential mode is connected between the resistor and the ground in parallel to access a capacitor, so that the effect of blocking high frequency and low frequency is achieved, high frequency interference signals are effectively suppressed or eliminated, the resistance-capacitance filtering circuit is connected with signal conditioning of the operational amplifier, and voltage signals matched with subsequent modules are output.
The translation module identifies the voltage grade and the start-stop signal sent by the central control unit, the high-frequency transformer is driven to work through the pulse width modulation circuit, and the voltage output of the secondary winding of the high-frequency transformer forms stable test negative high voltage after voltage doubling rectification and filtering.
Preferably, the central control unit is further connected with a key and a display module, independent key input is achieved, hardware circuit and software design are simplified, and an operator can conveniently and quickly perform manual menu input.
Preferably, the voltage sampling module adopts an ICL7135 chip, the voltage sampling module is used for sampling the size of a high voltage value, the ICL7135 is used as an A/D conversion chip of a four-bit half, a double integration technology is adopted, corresponding digital quantity is transmitted to the central control unit after A/D conversion, 5 sampling resistance levels are sampled by leakage current, the CPU controls automatic switching of the current sampling resistance, an analog quantity is converted into a digital quantity by an AD converter with small bias current, and high-precision automatic measurement of small current is realized.
Preferably, the driving module adopts a pulse width modulation circuit.
The central control unit outputs various control signals, receives voltage and current digital signals and receives key input and sensor input signals of ambient temperature and air humidity, and after the central control unit is subjected to digital processing, information such as test results and the like is output and displayed by the large-screen liquid crystal MGLS 240128.
The high-precision automatic measurement of small current is realized: the insulation test system is controlled by a microcomputer, a central controller chip coordinates operation voltage and current tests, insulation resistance is calculated, parameters such as absorption ratio, polarization index, leakage current and absorption capacitance are automatically obtained, and meanwhile data archiving and uploading work is completed. The system has the advantages of friendly human-computer interface, convenient operation and wide application in electric power systems.
The insulation test system is controlled by a microcomputer, a central controller chip coordinates to operate a voltage and current test, calculates insulation resistance, automatically obtains parameters such as absorption ratio, leakage current, absorption capacitance and the like, calculates short-circuit distance by another test software during measurement, and completes data archiving and uploading work simultaneously
The insulation resistance test of the invention: i ﹦ U/R is calculated by using ohm's law, and the purpose is to obtain the whole insulation value of the line, so that an operator can judge whether the line has power transmission.
Absorption ratio of the present invention: the ratio of the 15 second test insulation resistance to the 60 second test insulation resistance is used for monitoring whether a false test exists in the detection process.
Leakage current of the present invention: when the pressure is applied to the equipment, the current leaked to the ground due to poor insulation of the equipment is supplied for the reference of a tester.
The absorption capacitor of the present invention: the parameters of voltage and current absorbed by capacitive equipment in the line are used for calculating the distributed capacitance of the line according to the unit: uF, the purpose is for the tester to monitor how large the distributed capacitance is.
Example 2: a detection method of a distribution network grounding short circuit fault distance detection system comprises the following steps: the distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system enables a detected line to be connected to an E end and an L end between a current sampling module and a high-voltage source internal resistance, the detected line is excited by applying a high voltage, the current generated by excitation is measured, the resistance of the detected line is calculated according to an ohm theorem, and a fault distance point is calculated through the resistance.
The high voltage source accessed by the tested circuit is as follows: the pulse width modulation chip outputs a pulse width signal with the frequency of 40kHz by using a working mode of pulse width modulation negative feedback control, the switching power tube is controlled to drive the high-frequency transformer to work, the output voltage of the transformer forms direct-current high voltage after multi-voltage rectification, and the output voltage is fed back and input into the high-speed operational amplifier to regulate the pulse width signal in real time. Usually, power equipment such as long-line cables, high-power transformers, generators and the like have large absorption capacitance, so that the high-voltage source for insulation test is required to have large loading capacity and strong stability. When a high-voltage source is designed, a working mode of pulse width modulation negative feedback control is used, a pulse width modulation chip outputs a pulse width signal with the frequency of 40kHz, a switching power tube is controlled, a high-frequency transformer is driven to work, the output voltage of the transformer forms direct-current high voltage after multi-voltage rectification, the output voltage is fed back and input into a high-speed operational amplifier to adjust the pulse width signal in real time, and therefore the output power and stability of the 10KV high-voltage source are guaranteed. The leakage current is sampled by 5 sampling resistor steps, the CPU controls the automatic switching of the current sampling resistors, and the AD converter with small bias current converts the analog quantity into the digital quantity.
Note: the distance to failure is another set of calculation functions, without any association with the test module functions,
the method for calculating the fault distance point comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating fault points according to a main line, and if the distance calculated according to the main line calculation mode exceeds the distance calculated by a branch line, continuously calculating according to a secondary branch line calculation mode; and marking the node closest to the fault point after the calculation is finished, marking the node on the map by using a red mark, and prompting the fault distance.
The calculation of the fault distance point comprises the calculation of the fault distance by an open protection short circuit action and the calculation of the fault distance by an overcurrent protection short circuit action;
calculating the fault distance by the quick-break protection short-circuit action:
in the formula: short circuit point distance, which represents the distance between the short circuit point and the tripping circuit breaker, and the unit is as follows: km;
u: operating line voltage, unit: kV;
i, short-circuit current of a tested line, unit: a;
z1, namely selecting the type of the circuit by the quick-break protection trip, namely selecting the impedance value of the unit circuit corresponding to the type of the main circuit; impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z2, namely, selecting the type of the circuit by the quick-break protection trip, namely, selecting the impedance value of the unit circuit of the corresponding table 1 of the type of the main circuit; impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z3: the model of the quick-break protection trip is selected, namely the model of the main line is selected to correspond to the impedance value of the unit line in the table 1; impedance sign: and Z. Unit: omega;
impedance parameters of the line table 1:
| type of wire | LGJ240 | LGJ185 | LGJ150 | LGJ120 | LGJ95 | LGJ70 | LGJ50 |
| Direct current resistance omega | 0.1209 | 0.1542 | 0.198 | 0.2496 | 0.3019 | 0.4217 | 0.5946 |
| Impedance is omega/km | 0.4035 | 0.4231 | 0.4486 | 0.4783 | 0.5124 | 0.5994 | 0.7379 |
And (3) calculating the fault distance by overcurrent protection short-circuit action:
in the formula: short circuit point distance, which represents the distance between the short circuit point and the tripping circuit breaker, and the unit is as follows: km;
u: operating line voltage, unit: kV;
i, short-circuit current of a tested line, unit: a;
z1, namely, selecting the type of the circuit by the quick-break protection trip, namely, selecting the impedance value of the unit circuit of the corresponding table 1 of the type of the main circuit; impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z2, namely, the model of the quick-break protection tripping selection line, namely, the model of the minimum line diameter of the selected branch line corresponds to the unit line impedance value in the table 1; impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z3: the model of the quick-break protection trip is selected, namely the model of the minimum line diameter of the selected branch line corresponds to the unit line impedance value in the table 1; impedance sign: z, unit: omega.
Compared with the traditional hand-operated instrument, the detection system has the following advantages:
1) the intelligent instrument adopts microcomputer control, menu operation, large-screen liquid crystal LCD dot matrix display, stable performance, complete protection circuit design and strong interference resistance, and belongs to an intelligent instrument.
2) The anti-interference capability is strong, and the method is suitable for measurement in a strong electromagnetic interference environment.
3) There are 8 voltage output steps of 50V, 100V, 250V, 500V, 1.0kV, 2.5kV, 5.0kV and 10.0 kV. Moreover, the voltage level can be upgraded according to the requirements of users.
4) The output high voltage can be continuously adjusted in a stepless way in a full range at the same time so as to achieve any set voltage.
5) R15, R60 and R600 are automatically measured, the absorption ratio and the polarization index are automatically calculated, and meanwhile, the leakage current and the absorption capacitance are displayed.
6) The load capacity is strong, and the short-circuit current is about 5mA, which is suitable for the working condition occasion with large distributed capacitance.
7) The maximum measurement range is 0-10T omega, and the range is automatically switched.
8) The analog bar pointer is combined with digital display to vividly show the change trend of data and accurate measurement result. The instrument display interface is friendly.
9) The test time is displayed at any time, and the buzzer automatically buzzes for prompting every 15 seconds.
10) And before testing, if the test article is detected to be electrified, giving an electrified voltage and a related prompt.
11) The test time can be set, and the measurement is automatically stopped after the preset test time is reached.
12) And (4) automatically discharging high pressure after measurement, wherein the high pressure discharging time is not more than 30 seconds.
13) The ambient temperature, air humidity and date and time of each test are automatically measured.
14) 60 sets of measurements can be saved and data may not be lost for 20 years.
15) The computer is provided with an RS232 serial interface and can communicate data with a computer.
16) The RS232 serial port is externally connected with a printer, so that the measurement result can be printed, and the meter reading work is avoided.
17) Under the non-test state, no operation is performed for 5 minutes, and the instrument prompts shutdown.
18) Has comprehensive and perfect protection function and high working reliability.
The performance characteristics are obviously superior to those of a hand-operated instrument, the electronic insulating meter adopts an integrated circuit chip to replace the traditional discrete component, and combines computer software and a simulation hardware technology, so that the automation degree and the working reliability are greatly improved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A detection method of a distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system enables a detected line to be connected to an E end and an L end between a current sampling module and a high-voltage source internal resistance, the detected line is excited by applying a high voltage, the current generated by excitation is measured, the resistance of the detected line is calculated according to an ohm theorem, and a fault distance point is calculated through the resistance.
2. The detection method of the distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high voltage source accessed by the tested circuit is as follows: the pulse width modulation chip outputs a pulse width signal with the frequency of 40kHz by using a working mode of pulse width modulation negative feedback control, the switching power tube is controlled to drive the high-frequency transformer to work, the output voltage of the transformer forms direct-current high voltage after multi-voltage rectification, and the output voltage is fed back to the high-speed operational amplifier to regulate the pulse width signal in real time.
3. The detection method of the distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for calculating the fault distance point comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating fault points according to a main line, and if the distance calculated according to the main line calculation mode exceeds the distance calculated by a branch line, continuously calculating according to a secondary branch line calculation mode; and marking the node closest to the fault point after the calculation is finished, marking the node on the map by using a red mark, and prompting the fault distance.
4. The detection method of the distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: and the calculation of the fault distance point comprises the calculation of the fault distance by the disconnection protection short circuit action and the calculation of the fault distance by the overcurrent protection short circuit action.
5. The detection method of the distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: calculating the fault distance by the quick-break protection short-circuit action:
in the formula: short circuit point distance, which represents the distance between the short circuit point and the tripping circuit breaker, and the unit is as follows: km;
u: operating line voltage, unit: kV;
i, short-circuit current of a tested line, unit: a;
z1, namely selecting the type of the circuit by the quick-break protection trip, namely selecting the impedance value of the unit circuit corresponding to the type of the main circuit;
impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z2, namely selecting the type of the circuit by the quick-break protection trip, namely selecting the impedance value of the unit circuit corresponding to the type of the main circuit;
impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z3: the model of the quick-break protection trip is selected, namely the impedance value of a unit line corresponding to the model of the main line is selected;
impedance sign: z, unit: omega.
6. The detection method of the distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: and (3) calculating the fault distance by overcurrent protection short-circuit action:
in the formula: short circuit point distance, which represents the distance between the short circuit point and the tripping circuit breaker, and the unit is as follows: km;
u: operating line voltage, unit: kV;
i, short-circuit current of a tested line, unit: a;
z1, namely selecting the type of the circuit by the quick-break protection trip, namely selecting the impedance value of the unit circuit corresponding to the type of the main circuit; impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z2, namely selecting the model of the circuit by the quick-break protection trip, namely selecting the impedance value of the unit circuit corresponding to the model of the minimum line diameter of the branch circuit; impedance sign: z, unit: omega;
z3: the model of the quick-break protection trip is selected, namely the model of the minimum line diameter of the branch line is selected to correspond to the impedance value of the unit line; impedance sign: z, unit: omega.
7. The detection method of the distribution network ground short circuit fault distance detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-voltage source is connected to the output end of the voltage-multiplying rectifying module before internal resistance, the voltage-multiplying rectifying module is connected to the high-frequency transformer, the high-frequency transformer is connected to the driving module, and the driving module is connected to the charging module through the translation module.
8. The distribution network ground short fault distance detection system of claim 7, characterized in that:
the translation module adopts a resistance-capacitance interference suppression circuit, the resistance-capacitance interference suppression circuit utilizes a resistor and a capacitor to carry out signal filtering, a differential mode is connected between the resistor and the ground end in parallel to access a capacitor, the signal conditioning of the operational amplifier is connected after the resistance-capacitance filtering, and a voltage signal matched with a subsequent module is output.
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| CN1494658A (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2004-05-05 | 通用电气公司 | Apparatus and method for detecting and calculating ground fault resistance |
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Application publication date: 20210219 |
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