CN112378356B - Device and method for measuring width of internal crack of concrete - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring width of internal crack of concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN112378356B CN112378356B CN202011261484.7A CN202011261484A CN112378356B CN 112378356 B CN112378356 B CN 112378356B CN 202011261484 A CN202011261484 A CN 202011261484A CN 112378356 B CN112378356 B CN 112378356B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring the width of a crack in concrete, which comprises a plurality of studs welded on a steel beam, wherein measuring wires are wound on the studs, one end of each measuring wire is positioned in the concrete through an end fixing gasket, the other end of each measuring wire is led out of the concrete and is connected with a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is positioned on the concrete through a support. The device and the method for measuring the width of the internal crack of the concrete can accurately obtain the width change of the internal crack of the concrete in the whole process from generation to expansion, provide necessary technical parameters for the prevention and treatment of the crack, and do not damage the concrete structure in the operation process of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring the width of a crack in concrete, and belongs to the field of monitoring.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, the construction industry has made great development in recent years. Concrete cracks are an important factor influencing the overall performance of engineering in building engineering, and have serious influence on the realization of the use function requirement and the service life of a building. The concrete crack control technology plays a significant role in building construction, and the problem of concrete cracks often occurs in the construction process. Therefore, concrete crack control technology is important, and the quality of the whole project is determined. If the concrete crack control technology is improved, the quality of the engineering can be greatly improved, otherwise, a series of problems can occur. The premise of the application of the technology is that the development condition of the internal crack of the concrete is known, and the change condition of the whole process from generation to expansion is obtained, so that the solution can be found from the source.
Under the background, a device capable of monitoring the single-row stud fracture of the steel-concrete structure is urgently needed, the crack development condition is measured from the root, and then the crack generation mechanism can be judged and researched according to the actual crack development condition, so that the engineering construction quality is improved.
After the construction and the formation of the concrete structure, cracks are generated from the inside and extend to the surface due to the combined action of various factors such as external force, the material and the like, the cracks on the surface can be measured by a crack width measuring instrument, and the cracks generated from the inside are not easy to obtain. Especially for a single row of pin cutting members, the initial approximate direction of a single cleavage crack can be determined, but the precise direction is not determined, and the crack width is difficult to accurately monitor.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the device and the method for measuring the width of the internal crack of the concrete, which can accurately obtain the width change of the internal crack of the concrete in the whole process from generation to expansion, provide necessary technical parameters for the prevention and treatment of the crack, and simultaneously have no damage to the concrete structure in the operation process of the device.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problem, the device for measuring the width of the internal crack of the concrete comprises a plurality of studs welded on a steel beam, measuring wires are wound on the studs, one end of each measuring wire is positioned in the concrete through an end fixing gasket, the other end of each measuring wire is led out of the concrete and connected with a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is positioned on the concrete through a support.
Preferably, the measuring line comprises a heat shrinkable tube and a steel strand positioned in the heat shrinkable tube, and graphite powder is filled between the steel strand and the heat shrinkable tube.
Preferably, the graphite powder is 500-mesh graphite powder.
Preferably, the displacement sensor is a YHD-5 type displacement sensor.
The measuring method of the concrete internal crack width measuring device comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a leading-out device:
firstly, selecting a steel strand with proper length, ensuring that the steel strand can still expose a concrete surface after being wound with the stud for N turns and is connected with a sensor, and fixing one end of the steel strand with an end fixing gasket; then embedding 0.5mm steel strands in a graphite powder pile to ensure that all the steel strands are immersed in the graphite powder and the surface is uniformly stained, then penetrating the steel strands through a graphite-filled 1mm heat-shrinkable tube, exposing the steel strands at the end part, then heating the heat-shrinkable tube, shrinking and wrapping the steel strands according to the proportion of 1:0.5, finally coating a layer of glue on the outer part of the heat-shrinkable tube and galling, increasing the surface roughness to ensure that the steel strands and concrete deform together to the maximum extent, and finishing the manufacture of an internal crack leading-out device;
(2) arranging a leading-out device:
after the formwork is erected and the steel bars are bound, fixing end fixing gaskets on the steel beams or fixing the end fixing gaskets on the steel beams by using binding wires as simple supports, winding the leading-out device for a plurality of circles by taking the studs as circle centers, and then leading out the concrete by turning upwards at a certain angle. The advantage of this arrangement is that no matter what angle the crack generated from the peg root is, the crack will be perpendicular to the circle centered on the peg, and there is no concern about the error caused by the change in the angle of the crack. The arrangement direction of the leading-out device is vertical to the expansion direction of the crack, and the expansion direction of the crack is determined based on the related theory of the existing concrete research;
(3) pouring a structure:
and after the leading-out device is placed, concrete begins to be poured, attention should be paid to the leading-out device in the pouring process, the falling height of the concrete is reduced, the impact potential energy is reduced, and meanwhile, the concrete is prevented from polluting the steel strand end and attention is paid to protection.
(4) Arranging a sensor:
after concrete pouring is completed and certain strength is achieved, a support is manufactured near the concrete surface of the leading-out device according to the field condition, the sensor support with the strong magnet base is attracted to the steel plate support, the direction of the displacement sensor is adjusted finally, the length direction of the sensor is consistent with the direction of the concrete surface of the leading-out device, the leading-out device is connected with the end portion of the sensor reliably, in addition, steel strands are stretched to a certain extent by means of the inherent elasticity of the sensor, and therefore later-period measurement data are accurate.
(5) Monitoring is implemented:
before the supporting template system is dismantled, the data transmission line of the sensor is connected with a static strain tester or connected with a computer end in a wireless mode, data are collected regularly after the template is dismantled, after cracks occur, the relative slippage D of a steel strand and a heat-shrinkable tube can be obtained through data conversion processing, the number of turns N of the device around the stud is divided by the number of turns N of the device, the width W of the single-row stud splitting cracks can be obtained, and W = D/N.
According to the invention, the end fixing gasket is coiled into a small ring at the end part by virtue of the elasticity and toughness of the steel strand, and is fastened and fixed by the oval single-hole aluminum sleeve, so that the device is favorable for later anchoring in concrete. And the heat-shrinkable tube is used for wrapping the steel strand according to the shrinkage ratio of 2:1, and the exterior of the heat-shrinkable tube is properly treated to become rough, so that the surface roughness is increased. Its original internal diameter is 1mm and after heating the internal diameter will theoretically shrink to 0.5 mm. When the crack width measuring device is embedded in concrete to operate, the heat shrinkable tube is fixed relative to the concrete wrapped by the heat shrinkable tube and slides relative to the steel strand in the heat shrinkable tube. The steel strand is matched with the heat shrinkable tube, and relative displacement is formed in the crack generation process, so that the crack width is obtained. The steel strand is an important device for leading out the width of a crack in the concrete. The graphite powder has the main effects of reducing the friction coefficient, the relative displacement measurement and control accuracy of the heat shrinkable tube and the steel strand is determined by the friction force of the heat shrinkable tube and the steel strand to a certain degree, the steel strand is inevitably subjected to larger elastic deformation due to overlarge friction force, the result is adversely affected, and the 500-mesh graphite powder obtained through array test analysis can be balanced in cost and effect. With the participation of graphite powder, the steel strand and the heat shrinkable tube jacket can almost have zero friction relative displacement, and then the deformation of the steel strand caused by friction force can be ignored. The YHD-5 type displacement sensor is mainly characterized by high output sensitivity, good linearity, small volume, light dead weight, small temperature drift, strong humidity resistance and convenient installation and use, is one of good displacement sensors, has a measuring range of 5mm, outputs 2500 mu epsilon in the whole process, and has a unit micro-strain length of 0.002 mm/mu epsilon, namely the minimum sensitivity. The accuracy of the whole device can be further improved by means of the characteristics of the device. In addition, the displacement meter can provide prestress for the leading-out device, the steel strand is ensured to be tightened, the steel strand is ensured not to appear in the heat shrinkable tube under the combined action of the displacement meter and the heat shrinkable tube after shrinkage, and therefore a special prestress device does not need to be arranged at the end outside the concrete.
Has the advantages that: according to the device and the method for measuring the width of the crack in the concrete, the displacement between the steel stranded rope and the heat shrinkable tube is measured, so that the width W of the single-row stud splitting crack is obtained through conversion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a measurement process according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. fixing a gasket at the end head; 2. heat shrink tubing; 3. steel strand wires; 4. a stud; 5. a displacement sensor; 6. a data transmission line; 7. a support; 8. concrete; 9. a steel beam.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the device for measuring the width of the internal crack of the concrete comprises a plurality of studs 4 welded on a steel beam 9, measuring lines are wound on the studs 4, one end of each measuring line is positioned inside concrete 8 through an end fixing gasket 1, the other end of each measuring line is led out of the concrete 8 and is connected with a displacement sensor 5, the displacement sensor 5 is preferably a YHD-5 type displacement sensor, the displacement sensor 5 is positioned on the concrete 8 through a support 7, and a data transmission line 6 and a wireless transmission module are arranged on the displacement sensor and are transmitted to a terminal through the wireless transmission module.
In the invention, the measuring line comprises a heat shrinkable tube 2 and a steel strand 3 positioned in the heat shrinkable tube 2, and graphite powder is filled between the steel strand 3 and the heat shrinkable tube 2. The graphite powder is 500 meshes. The use of 500 mesh graphite powder can balance cost and effect.
A measuring method of the device for measuring the width of the internal crack of the concrete 8 comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a leading-out device:
firstly, selecting a steel strand 3 with proper length, ensuring that the steel strand can still expose 8 surfaces of concrete after being wound by 4N turns of studs and is connected with a sensor, and fixing one end of the steel strand 3 with an end fixing gasket 1; then embedding the steel stranded wires 3 with the thickness of 0.5mm in a graphite powder pile to ensure that all the steel stranded wires 3 are immersed in the graphite powder and the surface is uniformly stained, then penetrating the steel stranded wires 3 through a 1mm heat-shrinkable tube 2 filled with graphite, exposing the steel stranded wires 3 at the end part, then heating the heat-shrinkable tube 2, shrinking and wrapping the steel stranded wires 3 according to the proportion of 1:0.5, finally coating a layer of glue on the outer part of the heat-shrinkable tube 2 and galling, increasing the surface roughness to ensure that the steel stranded wires and concrete 8 deform together to the maximum extent, and finishing the manufacture of an internal crack leading-out device;
(2) arranging a leading-out device:
after the formwork is erected and the steel bars are bound, the end fixing gaskets 1 are fixed on the steel beams 9 or are fixed by using binding wires as simple supports 7, the drawing device is wound around the stud 4 by a plurality of circles by taking the stud as the center of a circle, and then the concrete 8 plate is drawn out from the upper side by turning at a certain angle. The advantage of this arrangement is that no matter what angle the crack is generated from the root of the peg 4, the crack will be perpendicular to the circle centered on the peg 4, and there is no concern about errors caused by the change in the angle of the crack. The arrangement direction of the leading-out device is vertical to the expansion direction of the crack, and the expansion direction of the crack is determined based on the related theory of the existing concrete 8 research;
(3) pouring a structure:
and after the leading-out device is placed, the concrete 8 starts to be poured, attention should be paid to protect the leading-out device in the pouring process, the falling height of the concrete 8 is reduced, the impact potential energy is reduced, and meanwhile, the concrete 8 is prevented from polluting the end 3 of the steel strand, and attention is paid to protection.
(4) Arranging a sensor:
after the concrete 8 is poured and finished and a certain strength is achieved, a bracket 7 is manufactured according to the field situation when the leading-out device is led out of the position near the surface of the concrete 8, then the sensor bracket 7 with the strong magnet base is sucked on the steel plate bracket 7, finally the direction of the displacement sensor is adjusted, the length direction of the sensor is consistent with the direction of the leading-out device out of the surface of the concrete 8, finally the leading-out device is reliably connected with the end part of the sensor, in addition, the steel stranded wire 3 is stretched to a certain extent by relying on the inherent elasticity of the sensor, and thus the later-period measurement data are more accurate.
(5) Monitoring is implemented:
before the supporting template system is dismantled, the data transmission line of the sensor is connected with a static strain tester or connected with a computer end in a wireless mode, data are collected regularly after the template is dismantled, after cracks occur, the relative slippage D of a steel strand 3 and a heat shrinkable tube 2 can be obtained through data conversion processing, the D is divided by the number N of turns of the device around the stud 4, the width W of the single-row stud 4 splitting cracks can be obtained, and W = D/N.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A measuring method adopting a concrete internal crack width measuring device comprises a plurality of studs welded on a steel beam, measuring lines are wound on the studs, one end of each measuring line is positioned in the concrete through an end fixing gasket, the other end of each measuring line is led out of the concrete and connected with a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is positioned on the concrete through a support; the measuring line comprises a heat shrinkable tube and a steel strand positioned in the heat shrinkable tube, and graphite powder is filled between the steel strand and the heat shrinkable tube, and the measuring line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a leading-out device:
firstly, selecting a steel strand with proper length, ensuring that the steel strand can still expose a concrete surface after being wound by the stud for N turns and is connected with a displacement sensor, and fixing one end of the steel strand with an end fixing gasket; then embedding 0.5mm steel strands in a graphite powder pile to ensure that all the steel strands are immersed in the graphite powder and the surface is uniformly stained, then penetrating the steel strands through a graphite-filled 1mm heat-shrinkable tube, exposing the steel strands at the end part, then heating the heat-shrinkable tube, shrinking and wrapping the steel strands according to the proportion of 1:0.5, finally coating a layer of glue on the outer part of the heat-shrinkable tube and galling, increasing the surface roughness to ensure that the steel strands and concrete deform together to the maximum extent, and finishing the manufacture of an internal crack leading-out device;
(2) arranging a leading-out device:
after the formwork is erected and the steel bars are bound, fixing end fixing gaskets on the steel beams or fixing the end fixing gaskets on simple supports by binding wires, winding the leading-out device for a plurality of circles by taking the studs as circle centers, and then leading out the concrete by turning upwards at a certain angle;
(3) pouring a structure:
after the leading-out device is placed, concrete is poured, attention should be paid to the leading-out device in the pouring process, and the falling height of the concrete is reduced;
(4) arranging a displacement sensor:
after concrete pouring is completed and certain strength is achieved, a support is manufactured near the concrete surface of the leading-out device according to the field condition, then the displacement sensor support with the strong magnet base is attracted to the steel plate support, finally the direction of the displacement sensor is adjusted, the length direction of the displacement sensor is made to be consistent with the direction of the leading-out device from the concrete surface, and finally the leading-out device is reliably connected with the end part of the displacement sensor;
(5) monitoring is implemented:
before the supporting template system is demolishd, link to each other displacement sensor's data transmission line with static strain tester or link to each other with wireless and computer end, the template is demolishd the back and is regularly gathered data, and the crack takes place the back, through data conversion processing alright with the relative slippage D that obtains a steel strand wires and pyrocondensation pipe, with D divide with the number of turns N that the device wound the peg, alright with the width W that obtains single row peg fracture, W is D/N.
2. The measuring method using the concrete internal crack width measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the graphite powder is 500 meshes.
3. The measuring method using the concrete internal crack width measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the displacement sensor is a YHD-5 type displacement sensor.
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