CN112378114A - Radiation refrigeration structure, preparation method thereof and radiation refrigeration product - Google Patents
Radiation refrigeration structure, preparation method thereof and radiation refrigeration product Download PDFInfo
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a radiation refrigeration structure, a preparation method thereof and a radiation refrigeration product. This radiation refrigeration structure includes the radiation refrigeration layer and locates the air fixed layer on the radiation refrigeration layer, and the air fixed layer has a plurality of convection current suppression pieces to make the air fixed layer form the air gap between a plurality of convection current suppression pieces. The radiation refrigeration layer mainly plays a role in radiation refrigeration, and the convection inhibitor reduces or inhibits the convection heat exchange between the radiation refrigeration layer and the air by blocking the flow of the air, so that the cold loss of the radiation refrigeration layer is reduced; meanwhile, under the action of the convection inhibitor, air in the air gap is not easy to flow, so that an air heat insulation layer is formed, and the refrigeration effect is further enhanced; and part of light can directly reach the surface of the radiation refrigerating layer through the air gap, so that the influence on the radiation refrigerating layer is small. And the radiation refrigeration structure is relatively stable, can be applied to different use environments, is popularized and applied in a large scale, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radiation refrigeration, in particular to a radiation refrigeration structure, a preparation method thereof and a radiation refrigeration product.
Background
The atmospheric layer has different transmittances for electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths, and a wavelength band with a higher transmittance is called an "atmospheric window", for example: 0.3 to 2.5 μm, 3.2 to 4.8 μm, 8 to 13 μm, and the like. The heat energy of the objects on the ground is transferred by radiation, and the heat energy is discharged to the outer space with the temperature close to absolute zero through an 'atmospheric window' in the form of electromagnetic waves with a certain wave band, so as to achieve the purpose of self-cooling.
The radiation refrigeration technology can be used as a temperature adjusting means without energy consumption, has good practicability, saves energy, protects environment and draws wide attention. The traditional radiation refrigeration layer is mainly made of a reflection type radiation refrigeration film or a transmission type radiation refrigeration film, the outer surfaces of products of the reflection type radiation refrigeration film and the transmission type radiation refrigeration film are smooth, and the products of the type mainly depend on the reflection of sunlight and the radiation transmitted through an atmospheric window to reduce the surface temperature of an object to be lower than the ambient temperature.
When the outer surface of the reflection type radiation refrigeration film or the transmission type radiation refrigeration film is directly contacted with the outside air, the surface temperature of the reflection type radiation refrigeration film or the transmission type radiation refrigeration film is increased to be closer to the environment temperature due to the existence of natural convection, and part of cold energy is lost, so that the refrigeration and cooling effects of the reflection type radiation refrigeration film or the transmission type radiation refrigeration film are greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, a radiation refrigeration structure is needed to be provided, which can block the air flow on the surface of the radiation refrigeration layer, reduce or inhibit the heat convection between the radiation refrigeration layer and the air, effectively reduce the cold loss on the surface of the radiation refrigeration layer, increase the thermal resistance through the air layer, enhance the heat insulation effect, realize the cooperative cooling, and can be popularized and applied in a large scale.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a radiant cooling structure comprising:
a radiation refrigeration layer; and
the air fixed layer is arranged on the radiation refrigeration layer and provided with a plurality of convection inhibitors, so that an air gap is formed between the convection inhibitors.
In one embodiment, the air gaps formed between a plurality of the convection inhibitors are independent or in communication with each other.
In one embodiment, a plurality of the convection inhibitors are arranged in the same layer in the thickness direction of the radiation refrigerating layer; or a plurality of the convection inhibitors are stacked in a plurality of layers in the thickness direction of the radiation refrigeration layer, and the thickness of the convection inhibitor in each layer is 0.1 mm-10 mm.
In one embodiment, in the same layer:
a plurality of the convection inhibitors are criss-cross connected on the radiation refrigeration layer; and/or a plurality of the convection inhibitors are arranged independently of each other on the radiation refrigeration layer.
In one embodiment, the convection inhibitor has a coil structure in which the outer diameter of the coil is 1mm to 10 mm.
In one embodiment, the air fixing layer further comprises a support member disposed on the radiation refrigerating layer and used for supporting the convection inhibitor.
In one embodiment, the support member is a columnar structure; and/or
The supporting pieces are multiple, and the distance between any two adjacent supporting pieces is 8-12 mm.
In one embodiment, a plurality of the convection inhibitors are criss-cross connected to form a network structure.
In one embodiment, the network structure is in a grid shape, or the grid of the network structure is in a triangular shape.
In one embodiment, a plurality of the convection inhibitors are distributed in an array on the radiation refrigerating layer.
In one embodiment, the arrays are arranged side by side and spaced apart and/or in a lattice arrangement.
In one embodiment, each of the convection inhibitors is independently a columnar structure.
In one embodiment, the convection inhibitor is made of a light-transmitting material with a light transmittance of not less than 90% and a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.5W/(m.K).
In one embodiment, the light-transmitting material has a density of 0.93g/cm3～0.94g/cm3The polyethylene of (1).
In one embodiment, the thickness of the air fixing layer is more than or equal to 3mm, and the duty ratio of the air fixing layer is more than or equal to 70%. Preferably, the thickness of the air fixing layer is 3 mm-15 mm; more preferably, the thickness of the gas fixation layer is 3mm to 7 mm.
In one embodiment, the radiation refrigeration layer is a reflective radiation refrigeration film layer or a transmissive radiation refrigeration film layer.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the radiation refrigeration structure, which comprises the following steps:
forming a radiation refrigerating layer; and
a plurality of convection inhibitors are formed on the radiation refrigerating layer, and air gaps are formed among the convection inhibitors to form an air fixing layer.
The invention also provides an application of the radiation refrigeration structure. The technical scheme is as follows:
a radiation refrigeration product comprises the radiation refrigeration structure.
In one embodiment, the radiant refrigeration product comprises a cooling shed. Preferably, the cooling shed is a building cooling shed or a vehicle cooling shed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a radiation refrigeration structure, which comprises a radiation refrigeration layer and an air fixing layer arranged on the radiation refrigeration layer, wherein the air fixing layer is provided with a plurality of convection inhibitors. The radiation refrigeration layer mainly plays a role in radiation refrigeration, and the convection inhibitor reduces or inhibits the convection heat exchange between the radiation refrigeration layer and air by blocking the flow of the air, so that the cold loss of the radiation refrigeration layer is reduced; meanwhile, air is used as a poor heat conductor, air gaps are formed among the convection suppression pieces, and under the action of the convection suppression pieces, air in the air gaps is not easy to flow, so that an air heat insulation layer can be formed, and the refrigeration effect is further enhanced.
And secondly, part of light can directly reach the surface of the radiation refrigerating layer through the air gap, and the influence on the reflection of sunlight and the radiation heat exchange between the radiation refrigerating layer and the outside is small.
In addition, the radiation refrigeration structure provided by the invention has excellent refrigeration effect, and the convection inhibitor in the air fixing layer is relatively stable and is not easy to damage, so that the air fixing layer is relatively stable, the whole radiation refrigeration structure is relatively stable, the radiation refrigeration structure can be applied to different use environments, is suitable for large-scale popularization and application, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a radiation-cooled structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a convection inhibitor with a coil structure added with a support member in a radiation cooling structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a connection member having a thin bottom prefabricated into a sheet, when the convection inhibitor in a radiation cooling structure of the present invention has a coil structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the bonding of the bottom of the connector to the film of light-transmitting material when the convection inhibitor in the radiation cooling structure of the present invention has a coil configuration;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a method of making a convection inhibitor having a coiled configuration for use in a radiation-cooled structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a grid-like network of convection inhibitors in a second embodiment of a radiation cooling structure of this invention;
fig. 7 is a top view of a third embodiment of a radiation cooling structure according to the invention in which the convection inhibiting elements have a network structure with triangular mesh shapes;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a fourth embodiment of a convection inhibitor in a radiation-cooled structure of the present invention in a lattice arrangement;
FIG. 9 is a top view of a fifth embodiment of a convection inhibitor of a radiant cooling structure of the present invention, shown in side-by-side and spaced-apart arrangement;
fig. 10 is a top view of a convection inhibitor in a sixth embodiment of a radiation cooling structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, for the terms of orientation, there are terms such as "central", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicating the orientation and positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as limiting the specific scope of the present invention.
In describing positional relationships, unless otherwise specified, when an element such as a layer, film or substrate is referred to as being "on" another layer, it can be directly on the other layer or intervening layers may also be present. Further, when a layer is referred to as being "under" another layer, it can be directly under, or one or more intervening layers may also be present. It will also be understood that when a layer is referred to as being "between" two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also be present.
Where the terms "comprising," "having," and "including" are used herein, it is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, as another element may be added, unless an explicit limitation is used, such as "only," "consisting of … …," etc.
Unless mentioned to the contrary, terms in the singular may include the plural and are not to be construed as being one in number.
It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used in the description and claims of the present application to describe various elements, but these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another, and "first," "second," etc. are used to distinguish similar elements and not necessarily to describe a particular order or sequence. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention. It will also be understood that when interpreting elements, although not explicitly described, the elements are to be interpreted as including a range of errors which are within the acceptable range of deviation of the particular values as determined by those skilled in the art. For example, "about," "approximately," or "substantially" may mean within one or more standard deviations, without limitation.
In the specification, the phrase "plan view" refers to a drawing when the target portion is viewed from above, and the phrase "sectional view" refers to a drawing when a section taken by vertically cutting the target portion is viewed from the side.
In the present invention, the thickness refers to a dimension in the thickness direction of the radiation refrigerating layer.
In the present invention, the cross section refers to a section taken perpendicular to the thickness direction of the radiation refrigerating layer.
In the present invention, the lamination arrangement means that a plurality of the convection inhibitors are arranged in the same layer in the thickness direction of the radiation refrigeration layer, or a plurality of the convection inhibitors are arranged in a multilayer lamination in the thickness direction of the radiation refrigeration layer.
The single-layer arrangement refers to that a plurality of convection inhibitors are connected on the radiation refrigerating layer in a crisscross mode; and/or a plurality of the convection inhibitors are arranged independently of each other on the radiation refrigeration layer. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the air anchoring layer in a single layer arrangement is determined by the thickness of the single convection inhibitor, and in general by the greatest thickness of the plurality of said convection inhibitors.
The multilayer laminated arrangement means that the air fixing layer is provided with a plurality of convection inhibiting parts, the first layer is arranged on the radiation refrigerating layer in parallel in a first direction, the second layer is arranged on the radiation refrigerating layer in parallel in a second direction, and the like, the first direction and the second direction can be the same or different, and the layers can be mutually contacted or not contacted. For example, the top view of the entirety of a plurality of the convection inhibitors is a network structure, and the entities may be linear rectangular convection inhibitors and/or cylindrical convection inhibitors which are in staggered contact with each other in the same layer, or rectangular parallelepiped convection inhibitors and/or cylindrical convection inhibitors which are independently arranged from each other, and only the projections in the top view angle intersect to form a network. It can be understood that when the plurality of layers are stacked, the thickness of the air fixing layer is determined by the thickness of the plurality of convection inhibitors, assuming that the thickness of a single layer of convection inhibitor is x (unit is mm), N layers of convection inhibitors (N is an integer and N is greater than 1) are provided in total, the thickness of the air fixing layer is y (unit is mm), and if the layers are in contact with each other, x is greater than y and less than N · x; if the layers are not in contact with each other and are arranged in a hollow manner, N.x is less than y.
In the present invention, the duty ratio refers to a ratio of the volume of air to the volume of the entire air fixed layer.
Furthermore, the drawings are not 1: 1 and the relative dimensions of the various elements in the figures are drawn for illustrative purposes only to facilitate understanding of the invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale, and are not to scale.
As mentioned in the background art, the conventional radiation refrigeration layer is mainly made of a reflection-type radiation refrigeration film, when the outer surface of the reflection-type radiation refrigeration film directly contacts with the outside air, the surface temperature of the reflection-type radiation refrigeration film is increased to be closer to the ambient temperature due to natural convection, and part of cold energy is lost, so that the refrigeration and cooling effects of the reflection-type radiation refrigeration film are greatly reduced.
The invention provides a radiation refrigeration structure which can block the air flow on the surface of a radiation refrigeration layer, reduce or inhibit the heat convection between the radiation refrigeration layer and the air, effectively reduce the cold loss on the surface of the radiation refrigeration layer, increase the thermal resistance through an air layer, enhance the heat insulation effect, realize the synergistic cooling and can be popularized and applied in a large scale.
Preferably, in the invention, the thickness of the air fixing layer is more than or equal to 3mm, and the duty ratio is more than or equal to 70%. The air heat conductivity coefficient is as low as 0.023W/m.K. Calculated by the thickness of 5mm air, the thermal resistance reaches 0.33m/K, compared with the thermal resistance of natural convection of a smooth surface of 0.11m/K, the thermal resistance is about 3 times of the original thermal resistance, and the dissipation of cold energy can be effectively prevented. Similarly, if the thickness of the air is 10mm, the thermal resistance reaches 0.66m/K, compared with the thermal resistance of natural convection of a smooth surface of 0.11m/K, the thermal resistance is about 6 times of the original thermal resistance, and the dissipation of cold energy can be effectively prevented. Meanwhile, the duty ratio is set to be more than or equal to 70%, even if a convection suppression component exists, most light can directly reach the surface of the radiation refrigerating layer through the air gap, and the influence on the reflection of sunlight and the radiation heat exchange between the radiation refrigerating layer and the outside is small. Preferably, the thickness of the air fixing layer is 3mm to 15 mm. More preferably, the thickness of the gas fixed layer is 3mm to 7mm, and both the refrigeration effect and the manufacturing cost are more preferable.
In one preferable embodiment, the thickness of the air fixing layer is 3 mm-7 mm, and the duty ratio is more than or equal to 90%.
In one embodiment, the radiation refrigeration layer is a reflective radiation refrigeration film layer or a transmissive radiation refrigeration film layer.
In one embodiment, the convection inhibitor is made of a light-transmitting material with the light transmittance of more than or equal to 90% and the heat conductivity of less than or equal to 0.5W/(m.K), so that the solar absorption rate and the radiation refrigeration function are not increased while the convection is inhibited, and the refrigeration loss can be effectively reduced. More preferably, the thermal conductivity is in the range of 0.1W/(m.K) to 0.5W/(m.K).
More preferably, the light-transmitting material has light transmittance of not less than 90%, thermal conductivity of not more than 0.5W/(m.K), and density of 0.93g/cm3～0.94g/cm3The high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is nontoxic and tasteless, the crystallinity is 80-90%, the softening point is 125-l 35 ℃, and the use temperature can reach 100 ℃; the hardness, tensile strength and creep property are superior to those of low-density polyethylene, the polyethylene has proper mechanical strength, the polyethylene can be ensured to stably stand on the first surface of the radiation refrigeration layer, and the light transmittance of the light-transmitting material can meet the requirements of the invention. In addition, the HDPE has better wear resistance, electrical insulation, toughness and cold resistance; the chemical stability is good, and the paint is not dissolved in any organic solvent at room temperature, and is resistant to corrosion of acid, alkali and various salts; the film has low permeability to water vapor and air and low water absorption.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the radiation cooling structure of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the radiation cooling structure provided by the present invention comprises a radiation cooling layer 10 and an air fixing layer, wherein the air fixing layer comprises a convection inhibitor 20 and air, the convection inhibitor 20 comprises a connecting member 201 and a coil structure 202, and the connecting member 201 is used for connecting the radiation cooling layer 10 and the coil structure 202.
The plurality of convection inhibitors 20 with the coil structures 202 are regularly or irregularly arranged in the air fixed layer, so that air gaps are formed between the plurality of convection inhibitors 20 with the coil structures 202 in the air fixed layer, the air gaps are independent or communicated with each other, and the convection inhibitor 20 with the coil structures 202 reduces or inhibits the heat convection between the radiation refrigeration layer 10 and the air by obstructing the flow of the air, thereby reducing the loss of the cooling capacity of the radiation refrigeration layer 10; meanwhile, under the action of the convection inhibitor 20, air in the air gap is not easy to flow, and an air heat insulation layer can be formed by using the air as a poor heat conductor, so that the refrigeration effect is further enhanced.
It is understood that a plurality of convection inhibiting members 20 having coil structures 202 may be arranged in a criss-cross pattern with respect to each other or independently of each other.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the coil in the coil structure 202 is 1mm to 10 mm. It is understood that each of the plurality of coil structures 202 may be the same size or different sizes. More preferably, the outer diameter of the coil in the coil structure 202 is 1mm to 3mm, the smaller the coil structure is, the smaller the air gap therein is, the number of the air gaps arranged in the same size space is increased, the contact area between the air and the convection inhibitor 20 is increased, the resistance to the air flowing in the air gap is larger, and the loss of cooling capacity of the radiation refrigeration layer can be further reduced.
Preferably, the light-transmitting material is in a filamentous shape, the outer diameter of the light-transmitting material is less than 0.3mm, the light-transmitting material is almost transparent to light rays of all wave bands, the integral solar absorptivity of the radiation refrigerating layer is not increased, and the radiation heat exchange between the radiation refrigerating layer and the outside can be kept. And the coil structure is further refined into a wire coil structure, and the wire coil structure can form a tiny gap between the radiation refrigeration layer and the outside air, so that the heat convection between the radiation refrigeration layer and the air is further inhibited.
In one embodiment, the outer diameter of the filamentous light-transmitting material is 0.1mm to 0.3 mm. Such a light-transmitting material has the advantages of being almost transparent to light rays of various wave bands, not increasing the overall solar absorption rate of the radiation refrigeration layer, and maintaining the radiation heat exchange between the radiation refrigeration layer and the outside, and also has suitable mechanical strength, and can stably stand the convection inhibiting member 20 having the coil structure 202 on the radiation refrigeration layer.
In another embodiment, when the outer diameter of the filamentous light-transmitting material is less than 0.1mm, a support structure is further provided in the air-fixing layer in order to ensure that the convection inhibitor can stably stand on the radiation refrigerating layer. Taking the radiation refrigeration structure in which the convection inhibitor 20 has the wire coil structure 202 as an example, as shown in fig. 2, the radiation refrigeration structure includes a radiation refrigeration layer 10 and an air fixing layer, the air fixing layer includes the convection inhibitor 20 and air, the convection inhibitor 20 includes a connecting member 201, a coil structure 202 and a supporting member 30, the connecting member 201 is used for connecting the radiation refrigeration layer 10 and the coil structure 202, and the supporting member 30 is disposed on the radiation refrigeration layer 10 and is used for supporting the convection inhibitor 20. The supporting member 30 is a columnar structure, for example, it can be selected from a cylinder, a rhombohedral cylinder or a quadrangular prism, and its thickness is equal to the thickness of the air fixing layer (not less than 3 mm). Preferably, the supporting members 30 are selected from cylinders having an outer diameter of 0.3mm to 0.5mm, and any two adjacent supporting members 30 are spaced apart by a distance of 8mm to 12 mm.
Preferably, the supporting member 30 may be made of a light-transmitting material, preferably, the light-transmitting material has a light transmittance of 90% or more, a thermal conductivity of 0.5W/(m.K) or less, and a density of 0.93g/cm3～0.94g/cm3The high density polyethylene of (1).
Preferably, in the present invention, when the convection inhibitor has a coil structure, the connection member 201 and the surface of the radiation refrigerating layer 10 may be connected as follows.
(1) The method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 3, the mold 40 is matched with the bottom of the connecting piece 201, the mold 40 includes a housing 401, a heating element 402, a melt collecting tank 403 and a connecting piece channel 404, the melt collecting tank 403 is communicated with the connecting piece channel 404, the melt collecting tank 403 is of a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the bottom of the connecting piece 201 can be directly inserted into the connecting piece channel 404 along the arrow direction, the heating element 402 can melt the bottom material of the connecting piece 201, the bottom material flows into the melt collecting tank 403, a thin plane is obtained after cooling, the thickness of the plane is controlled to be 10 μm-50 μm, and the plane is connected with the surface of the radiation refrigerating layer, such as a common glue adhesion mode.
(2) The method 2 comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 4, a plurality of holes are preformed on the light-transmitting material film with the thickness of 10 μm to 50 μm, and the distance between two adjacent holes is consistent with the distance between two adjacent connecting pieces 201. The light-transmitting material film 50 with holes is fixed by flattening, the connecting piece 201 is inserted into the holes along the arrow direction, and the connecting piece 201 is extended a short distance from the surface of the 50, the surface faces the scraper 60 containing the adhesive, then the scraper 60 containing the adhesive is used to move from one end to the other end (along the arrow direction), and the extended connecting piece 201 is bent under the action of the scraper and is adhered with the light-transmitting material film with holes through glue. If the light-transmitting material film is a PE film, the PE film also has viscosity and can be directly adhered to the surface of the radiation refrigerating layer.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the radiation refrigeration structure, which comprises the following steps:
forming a radiation refrigerating layer; and
a plurality of convection inhibitors are formed on the radiation refrigerating layer, and air gaps are formed among the convection inhibitors to form an air fixing layer.
Preferably, in the present invention, the radiation refrigerating layer includes an emitting layer and a reflecting layer, the emitting layer being disposed above the reflecting layer, the air fixing layer being disposed above the emitting layer, the air fixing layer having a plurality of convection inhibitors such that the air fixing layer forms an air gap between the plurality of convection inhibitors.
Preferably, in the present invention, when the radiation refrigeration layer includes an emitting layer and a reflecting layer, the air fixing layer is provided with a convection inhibitor and a supporting member, and the convection inhibitor has a coil structure, the preparation method of the radiation refrigeration structure includes the following steps:
preparing an emitting layer by melt extrusion casting; preparing a reflecting layer below the emitting layer by a magnetron sputtering process;
the preparation method of the air fixing layer is shown in fig. 5, and a spinning machine 70 is used for processing the light-transmitting material raw material solution melted at high temperature into light-transmitting threads 90;
the support 30 is fixed beforehand on the mobile base 80;
while the spinneret 70 ejects the light-transmitting filament 90, the movable base moves in a reciprocating manner according to a preset moving path, and finally the required connecting piece 201 and the coil structure 202 are formed.
In one embodiment, each of the plurality of convection inhibitors is independently a columnar structure, and it is understood that the columnar structure includes, but is not limited to, a cylinder, a prism, a pentaprism, a hexagonal prism, a heptaprism, an octaprism, or any combination of 2 or more.
In one embodiment of the radiation refrigeration structure, the radiation refrigeration structure comprises a radiation refrigeration layer and an air fixing layer arranged on the radiation refrigeration layer, the air fixing layer is provided with a plurality of convection inhibitors, and the convection inhibitors are connected in a criss-cross mode to form a network structure, so that air gaps are formed among the convection inhibitors by the air fixing layer.
In a preferred embodiment, the network structure is in the form of a grid, the top view of which is shown in fig. 6. The transverse light-transmitting material (cuboid or cylindrical) and the longitudinal light-transmitting material (cuboid or cylindrical) in the same layer are interwoven into a grid shape, air between the top and the bottom of the air fixing layer is divided into a plurality of independent or mutually communicated air gaps which can be seen as rectangular holes, and the size of each air gap is different, preferably, the length of each edge in each rectangular hole is 1-10 mm, so that the air flowing resistance in the network structure is greatly increased, the air flowing on the surface of the radiation refrigeration film is reduced, and the heat convection between the radiation refrigeration layer and the air is inhibited.
Or the first layer of convection suppression pieces are arranged on the radiation refrigeration layer in parallel in the first direction, the second layer of convection suppression pieces are arranged on the radiation refrigeration layer in parallel in the second direction, and so on, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, the layers may or may not be in contact with each other, and the projections at the overlooking angles intersect to form a grid-shaped network. Similarly, the convection inhibitor can be a cuboid or cylindrical transparent material, and is a plurality of the convection inhibitor divides the air between the top and the bottom of the air fixing layer into a plurality of independent or mutually communicated air gaps which can be regarded as rectangular holes, and each air gap is different in size, preferably, in the rectangular holes, the length of each side is 1-10 mm, so that the air flowing resistance in the structure is greatly increased, the air flowing on the surface of the radiation refrigeration film is reduced, and the convection heat exchange between the radiation refrigeration layer and the air is inhibited.
Preferably, the thickness of the single-layer convection inhibitor is 0.1mm to 0.3mm, that is, the thickness of the rectangular parallelepiped convection inhibitor or the outer diameter of the cylindrical convection inhibitor is 0.1mm to 0.3mm, such a convection inhibitor has suitable mechanical strength, and can be stably disposed on the radiation refrigerating layer, in addition to being almost transparent to light rays of each wavelength band, without increasing the overall solar absorption rate of the radiation refrigerating layer, and also maintaining the advantage of radiation heat exchange between the radiation refrigerating layer and the outside.
In another preferred embodiment, the grid of the network structure is triangular in shape, the top view of which is shown in fig. 7. The transverse light-transmitting material (cuboid or cylindrical) and the longitudinal light-transmitting material (cuboid or cylindrical) in the same layer are interwoven into a triangular network, air between the top and the bottom of the air fixing layer is divided into a plurality of independent or mutually communicated air gaps which can be seen as triangular holes, and the size of each air gap is different.
Or the first layer of convection suppression pieces are arranged on the radiation refrigeration layer in parallel in the first direction, the second layer of convection suppression pieces are arranged on the radiation refrigeration layer in parallel in the second direction, and so on, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, the layers can be in mutual contact or not in contact, and the projections at the overlooking angles are intersected to form a network with triangular meshes. Similarly, the convection inhibitor can be a cuboid or cylindrical transparent material, the convection inhibitor divides the air between the top and the bottom of the air fixing layer into a plurality of independent or mutually communicated air gaps which can be regarded as triangular holes, and the size of each air gap is different, preferably, the length of each edge in each triangular hole is 1-10 mm, so that the air flowing resistance in the structure is greatly increased, the air flowing on the surface of the radiation refrigeration film is reduced, and the heat convection between the radiation refrigeration layer and the air is inhibited.
Similarly, in a more preferred embodiment, the thickness of the single-layer convection inhibitor is 0.1mm to 0.3mm, that is, the thickness of the rectangular parallelepiped convection inhibitor or the outer diameter of the cylindrical convection inhibitor is 0.1mm to 0.3mm, and such a convection inhibitor has suitable mechanical strength, and can be stably disposed on the radiation refrigerating layer, in addition to being almost transparent to light rays of each wavelength band, and not increasing the overall solar absorptivity of the radiation refrigerating layer, but also maintaining the advantage of radiation heat exchange between the radiation refrigerating layer and the outside.
In one embodiment, a plurality of the convection inhibitors are distributed in an array on the radiation refrigerating layer. Preferably, the array distribution is a dot matrix distribution and/or a side-by-side and spaced arrangement.
In one embodiment of the radiation refrigeration structure, the radiation refrigeration structure comprises a radiation refrigeration layer and an air fixing layer arranged on the radiation refrigeration layer, wherein the air fixing layer is provided with a plurality of convection inhibitors, and the convection inhibitors are distributed on the radiation refrigeration layer in a lattice manner, so that air gaps are formed among the convection inhibitors by the air fixing layer.
It is understood that in the lattice distribution of the present invention, the distances between two adjacent convection inhibitors may be the same or different; and, the cross-sectional shape of the convection inhibitor includes, but is not limited to, circular, oval, triangular, rectangular, diamond, trapezoidal, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal, or any combination of 2 or more; also, the cross-sectional area of each convection inhibitor may be the same or different.
In a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the convection inhibitor is circular, and a top view of a plurality of the convection inhibitors is shown in fig. 8, and the three-dimensional structure of the corresponding convection inhibitor is cylindrical. The convection inhibitor with the overlapped top view projection is made of a plurality of strip-shaped light-transmitting materials and/or cylindrical light-transmitting materials, and the convection inhibitor with the overlapped top view projection can be a single layer or a plurality of layers, as shown in the following:
(1) when the convection inhibitor is only one layer, the single cylindrical convection inhibitor is formed by winding a plurality of strip-shaped light-transmitting materials along the direction vertical to the radiation refrigeration layer, wherein the strip-shaped light-transmitting materials refer to cuboid-shaped light-transmitting materials with the length vertical to the thickness direction being 0.05 mm-0.3 mm. The thickness of the convection suppression part with the largest thickness is more than or equal to 3mm, and the thickness of the finally obtained air fixing layer is more than or equal to 3 mm.
Or the single cylindrical convection suppression piece is made of a plurality of cylindrical light-transmitting materials in the direction perpendicular to the radiation refrigeration layer, the thickness of the convection suppression piece with the largest thickness is larger than or equal to 3mm, and the thickness of the finally obtained air fixing layer is larger than or equal to 3 mm.
The distance between any two adjacent cylindrical convection inhibiting pieces is 1 mm-10 mm, and the distance between two adjacent cylindrical convection inhibiting pieces can be the same or different. A plurality of cylindric convection inhibitor divide into the air in the air fixed bed the air gap of a plurality of intercommunication each other, the resistance of air flow in greatly increased this structure to reduce radiation refrigeration membrane surface air flow, restrain the convection heat transfer between radiation refrigeration layer and the air.
(2) When the convection inhibiting parts are arranged in a multilayer laminated manner in the thickness direction of the radiation refrigeration layer, the single-layer cylindrical convection inhibiting parts with superposed top view projections in the multilayer convection inhibiting parts are made of strip-shaped light-transmitting materials or cylindrical light-transmitting materials, the layers are mutually contacted or not contacted, the thickness of the whole multilayer convection inhibiting part with the superposed top view projections with the largest thickness is larger than or equal to 3mm, and the thickness of the finally obtained air fixing layer is larger than or equal to 3 mm. When the layers are not in contact, the distance between two adjacent convection inhibiting pieces in the multilayer convection inhibiting pieces with superposed top view projection is 1 mm-10 mm, and the distances between the two adjacent convection inhibiting pieces can be the same or different.
Similarly, in a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the single-layer convection inhibitor is 0.1mm to 0.3mm, and the convection inhibitor has suitable mechanical strength to enable the convection inhibitor to be stably arranged on the radiation refrigerating layer, besides being almost transparent to light rays in various wave bands, not increasing the overall solar absorptivity of the radiation refrigerating layer, and also keeping the advantage of the radiation heat exchange between the radiation refrigerating layer and the outside.
In one of them radiation refrigeration structure's embodiment, including radiation refrigeration layer and the air fixed layer of locating on it, the air fixed layer has a plurality of convection current inhibitor, and is a plurality of the convection current inhibitor is in side by side and the interval setting on the radiation refrigeration layer, cut apart into a plurality of mutually independent air gap with the air in the air fixed layer, greatly increased this structure in the resistance of air flow to reduce radiation refrigeration membrane surface air flow, restrain the convection heat transfer between radiation refrigeration layer and the air.
It is understood that in the present invention, the distances between two adjacent convection inhibitors may be the same or different; and, the cross-sectional shape of the convection inhibitor includes, but is not limited to, rectangular, square, trapezoidal, or any combination of 2 or more; also, the cross-sectional area of each convection inhibitor may be the same or different.
In a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the convection inhibiting member is rectangular, a top view of a plurality of the convection inhibiting members is shown in fig. 9, a three-dimensional structure of the convection inhibiting member corresponding thereto is rectangular or cylindrical, the convection inhibiting member overlapped in a top view projection is made of a plurality of rectangular transparent materials and/or cylindrical transparent materials, and the convection inhibiting member overlapped in a top view projection may be a single layer or multiple layers, as shown below:
(1) when only one layer of convection suppression component is available, the single convection suppression component is made of a cuboid-shaped light-transmitting material or a cylindrical light-transmitting material which is perpendicular to the radiation refrigerating layer, the thickness of the cuboid-shaped light-transmitting material with the largest thickness is more than or equal to 3mm, and the thickness of the finally obtained air fixing layer is more than or equal to 3 mm; or the outer diameter of the cylindrical light-transmitting material with the largest outer diameter is more than or equal to 3mm, and the thickness of the finally obtained air fixing layer is more than or equal to 3 mm. The distance between two adjacent convection inhibiting pieces is 1 mm-10 mm, and the distance between two adjacent convection inhibiting pieces can be the same or different.
(2) When the plurality of convection inhibiting parts are stacked in a multilayer manner in the thickness direction of the radiation refrigeration layer, the single-layer convection inhibiting parts with superposed top view projections in the multilayer convection inhibiting parts are made of cuboid-shaped transparent materials or cylindrical transparent materials, the layers are mutually contacted or not contacted, the thickness of the whole multilayer convection inhibiting part with the superposed top view projections with the largest thickness is more than or equal to 3mm, and the thickness of the finally obtained air fixing layer is more than or equal to 3 mm. When the layers are not in contact, the distance between two adjacent convection inhibiting pieces in the multilayer convection inhibiting pieces with superposed top view projection is 1 mm-10 mm, and the distances between the two adjacent convection inhibiting pieces can be the same or different.
Preferably, the thickness of the single-layer convection inhibitor is 0.1mm to 0.3mm, that is, the thickness of the rectangular parallelepiped convection inhibitor or the outer diameter of the cylindrical convection inhibitor is 0.1mm to 0.3mm, such a convection inhibitor has suitable mechanical strength, and can be stably disposed on the radiation refrigerating layer, in addition to being almost transparent to light rays of each wavelength band, without increasing the overall solar absorption rate of the radiation refrigerating layer, and also maintaining the advantage of radiation heat exchange between the radiation refrigerating layer and the outside.
In another preferred embodiment, the convection inhibitors may be disposed side by side and at intervals and in a combination of dot matrix distribution on the radiation refrigeration layer, the cross-sectional shape of the convection inhibitor is circular or rectangular, the top view of the convection inhibitors is as shown in fig. 10, the three-dimensional structures of the corresponding convection inhibitors are both cylindrical or a combination of cylindrical and rectangular, the air in the air fixing layer is divided into a plurality of air gaps independent or communicated with each other, the resistance to air flow in the structure is greatly increased, thereby reducing the air flow on the surface of the radiation refrigeration film and inhibiting the heat convection between the radiation refrigeration layer and the air.
The invention also provides an application of the radiation refrigeration structure. The technical scheme is as follows:
the radiation refrigeration structure can be directly applied to the outer surface of the heat dissipation main body, the temperature of the heat dissipation main body is effectively reduced, and extra energy is not required to be consumed. The application fields comprise buildings, photovoltaic modules and systems, automobiles, outdoor products, agriculture, animal husbandry and aquaculture, aerospace, cold chain transportation, outdoor cabinet tanks, textiles, outdoor communication equipment, industrial equipment, public facilities, cooling water systems, energy-saving equipment devices and the like.
A radiation refrigeration product comprises the radiation refrigeration structure.
In one embodiment, the radiation refrigeration product comprises cooling cloth, the radiation refrigeration structure is arranged on the outer surface of the cloth to be made into the cooling cloth, and the cooling cloth can be made into clothes, hats, curtains, car covers, tents, carports, umbrellas and the like with cooling function. In one embodiment, the radiation refrigeration product comprises a cooling steel plate, the radiation refrigeration structure is arranged on the outer surface of the steel plate to be manufactured into the cooling steel plate, and the cooling steel plate can be manufactured into cooling steel tiles of various tile shapes through special equipment and devices and is used for the outer surface of a building to cool the building.
In one embodiment, the radiation refrigeration product comprises a cooling waterproof coiled material, and the radiation refrigeration structure is arranged on the outer surface of the waterproof coiled material to manufacture the cooling waterproof coiled material, is used for the outer surface of a building and is used for cooling the building.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A radiant cooling structure, comprising:
a radiation refrigeration layer; and
the air fixed layer is arranged on the radiation refrigeration layer and provided with a plurality of convection inhibitors, so that an air gap is formed between the convection inhibitors.
2. A radiation cooling structure as recited in claim 1, wherein the air gaps formed between the convection inhibitors are independent or in communication with each other.
3. A radiation cooling structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said convection inhibitors are arranged in layers in the thickness direction of said radiation cooling layer; or a plurality of the convection inhibitors are stacked in a plurality of layers in the thickness direction of the radiation refrigeration layer, and the thickness of the convection inhibitor in each layer is 0.1 mm-10 mm.
4. A radiation cooling structure according to claim 3, characterized in that in the same layer:
a plurality of the convection inhibitors are criss-cross connected on the radiation refrigeration layer; and/or a plurality of the convection inhibitors are arranged independently of each other on the radiation refrigeration layer.
5. A radiation cooling structure according to claim 4, wherein the convection inhibitor has a coil structure in which the outer diameter of the coil is 1mm to 10 mm.
6. A radiation cooling structure according to claim 5, wherein the air fixing layer further comprises a supporting member, the supporting member is disposed on the radiation cooling layer and is used for supporting the convection inhibitor, and the supporting member is a columnar structure; and/or
The supporting pieces are multiple, and the distance between any two adjacent supporting pieces is 8-12 mm.
7. A radiation cooling structure according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of said convection inhibiting members are criss-cross connected to form a network structure, said network structure being in the form of a grid, or the grid of said network structure being triangular.
8. A radiation cooling structure according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of said convection inhibitors are distributed in an array on said radiation cooling layer.
9. A radiation cooling structure according to any one of claims 7 to 8, wherein a plurality of the convection inhibitors are each independently a columnar structure.
10. The radiation cooling structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the convection inhibitor is made of a light-transmitting material with a light transmittance of not less than 90% and a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.5W/(m.K); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the thickness of the air fixing layer is more than or equal to 3mm, and the duty ratio of the air fixing layer is more than or equal to 70%; and/or the radiation refrigeration layer is a reflection type radiation refrigeration film layer or a transmission type radiation refrigeration film layer.
11. A method of making a radiation-cooled structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the steps of:
forming a radiation refrigerating layer; and
a plurality of convection inhibitors are formed on the radiation refrigerating layer, and air gaps are formed among the convection inhibitors to form an air fixing layer.
12. A radiation-cooled product comprising a radiation-cooled structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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