CN112377209A - Method and device for forming temporary support sprayed in roadway - Google Patents
Method and device for forming temporary support sprayed in roadway Download PDFInfo
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- CN112377209A CN112377209A CN202011044742.6A CN202011044742A CN112377209A CN 112377209 A CN112377209 A CN 112377209A CN 202011044742 A CN202011044742 A CN 202011044742A CN 112377209 A CN112377209 A CN 112377209A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forming method and a forming device of a temporary support sprayed in a roadway, which relate to the technical field of coal mine roadway tunneling and support, and comprise the following steps: forming a new roadway; spraying a first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the new roadway, and adhering the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the adhesive property of the first material; spraying a second material on the surface of the first material, and forming a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing performance of the second material to form a temporary support for the roadway; the first material is a filling material with strong adhesiveness, and the second material is an air-tight thin-spraying material. Therefore, by adopting a mode of forming a layer of sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock by the spraying material, temporary support can be effectively formed, the distance between a hollow top and a hollow side wall is reduced, the repeated transposition operation of tunneling and supporting equipment is avoided, the front tunneling and the rear tunneling are realized, the process flow is simple and convenient, the tunneling speed of a coal roadway can be obviously improved, and the mining continuation is relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine roadway tunneling and supporting, in particular to a method and a device for forming a temporary sprayed support in a roadway.
Background
Coal is one of main energy sources in China, and plays an important role in promoting national industrial development, national economic progress and the like. The rapid tunneling of coal mine tunnels has become a 'neck' problem which restricts the safe and efficient mining of coal.
At present, the fundamental reason for limiting the roadway forming speed of the coal roadway is as follows: the coal-series stratum generally has low strength, cracks develop, the support must be carried out in time after the excavation surface is formed, and the long-distance hollow top and hollow side operation conditions are not provided, so that the repeated transposition of the tunneling and support operation is limited, and the mutual influence is avoided. Therefore, the key point for improving the roadway forming speed of the coal roadway is to design an effective temporary support mode, after the excavation surface is formed, effective temporary support is carried out on the surrounding rock immediately, and permanent support is carried out behind the temporary support, so that front excavation and rear support are realized. The traditional temporary support mode is a metal probe beam, a single hydraulic prop and the like, manual carrying is needed for supporting, the construction speed is low, the support strength is insufficient, the support quality is poor, and the manual labor intensity is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention provides a method for forming a temporary support sprayed in a roadway, which adopts a mode that a spraying material forms a sealed spraying layer on the surface of surrounding rocks, can effectively form the temporary support, reduce the distance between a hollow top and a hollow side, avoid repeated transposition operation of tunneling and supporting equipment, realize front tunneling and rear tunneling, has simple and convenient process flow, can obviously improve the roadway forming speed of a coal roadway, improves the efficiency and relieves the tension atmosphere of continuous mining.
The embodiment of the second aspect of the invention provides a device for forming a temporary support sprayed in a roadway.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
The embodiment of the first aspect of the invention provides a method for forming a temporary support sprayed in a roadway, which comprises the following steps:
forming a new roadway;
spraying a first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the new roadway, and adhering the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the adhesive property of the first material;
spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, forming a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing performance of the second material, and forming a temporary support for the roadway; the first material is a filling material with strong adhesion, and the second material is an air-tightness thin-spraying material.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the spraying of the first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway includes:
determining surrounding rock parameters of a region to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock;
determining a first thickness of the first material according to the surrounding rock parameters;
and spraying the first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to the first thickness.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the spraying of the second material on the surface of the surrounding rock on which the first material is sprayed includes:
determining surrounding rock parameters of a region to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock;
determining a second thickness of the second material according to the surrounding rock parameters;
and spraying the second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material according to the second thickness.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the surrounding rock parameters include at least one of the following parameters: the flatness of the area to be sprayed and the pore parameters of the area to be sprayed;
the pore parameters include at least one of the following: number of pores, pore size, and pore depth.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, after spraying the second material on the surface of the surrounding rock on which the first material is sprayed, the method further includes:
collecting an image of the sealing spray layer;
judging whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement or not according to the image;
and if the sealing spray layer does not meet the supporting requirement, continuously spraying the second material to the acquisition area corresponding to the image, or performing first material injection treatment or third material injection treatment on the acquisition area corresponding to the image, wherein the third material is cement.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the supporting requirement includes at least one of the following requirements: the thickness reaches a preset thickness threshold value, and the air leakage is smaller than a preset air leakage threshold value.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the spraying of the first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway includes:
determining an unreserved region on the surface of the surrounding rock;
spraying the first material on the unreserved area on the surface of the surrounding rock.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, after spraying the second material on the surface of the surrounding rock on which the first material is sprayed, the method further includes:
collecting an image of an unreserved area of the sealing spray layer;
judging whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement or not according to the image;
if the sealing spray layer does not meet the supporting requirement, the second material is continuously sprayed to the acquisition area corresponding to the image, or the acquisition area corresponding to the image is subjected to first material injection treatment or third material injection treatment, wherein the third material is cement.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, after spraying the second material on the surface of the surrounding rock on which the first material is sprayed, the method further includes:
and (3) extracting gas in the surrounding rock gap from the region, which is not sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock, by adopting a vacuum generating device so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the method for forming a temporary support sprayed in a roadway further includes:
and detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap in the air exhaust process, and adjusting the working state of the vacuum generating device according to the current pressure.
The embodiment of the second aspect of the invention provides a device for forming a temporary support sprayed in a roadway, which comprises:
the forming module is used for forming a new roadway;
the first spraying module is used for spraying a first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the first material is adhered to the surface of the surrounding rock through the adhesion property of the first material;
the second spraying module is used for spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, forming a sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing performance of the second material, and forming a temporary support for the roadway; the first material is a filling material with strong adhesion, and the second material is an air-tightness thin-spraying material.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and being executable on the processor, where the processor executes the computer program to implement the method for forming a temporary support for spraying in a roadway.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and the program is executed by a processor to implement the method for forming a temporary support for spraying in a roadway.
The scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method adopts a mode that the spraying material forms a layer of sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock, can effectively form temporary support, reduce the distance between a hollow top and a hollow side wall, avoid repeated transposition operation of tunneling and supporting equipment, realize front tunneling and rear supporting, has simple and convenient process flow, can obviously improve the roadway forming speed of a coal roadway, improve the efficiency and relieve the continuous nervous atmosphere of mining.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for forming a temporary support by spraying in a roadway according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of a construction state of a method of forming a sprayed temporary support in a roadway according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a construction state of a method of forming a sprayed temporary support in a roadway according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a method of forming a spray temporary support in a roadway according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a procedure for judging and processing a sealing spray layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a method of forming a spray temporary support in a roadway according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a procedure of judging and processing an unreserved region of a sealing spray layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an operation flow chart of a forming method for spraying temporary support in a roadway according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a mining vacuum suction device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a mining vacuum suction apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a sectional view of a vacuum suction head according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a vacuum suction head according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a plan view of a vacuum suction head according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a plan view of a vacuum suction head according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a block schematic diagram of a forming device for painting temporary supports in a roadway according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the prior art, the roadway surrounding rock (surrounding rock gap) behind the surface of the coal mine excavation can be temporarily supported by the following two modes:
in the first mode, the surrounding rock is temporarily supported through a metal probe beam, a single hydraulic prop and the like. However, in this method, manual transportation is required for supporting, and the construction speed is slow, the supporting strength is insufficient, the supporting quality is poor, and the manual labor intensity is high.
In the second mode, a machine-mounted ceiling or a self-moving ceiling type support of the development machine is adopted to temporarily support the surrounding rock. However, in this way, the operation is complicated, the time consumption is long, the supporting area is small, the supporting area is easy to damage, and the requirement for rapid tunneling of the coal mine roadway is difficult to meet.
Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention mainly aim at the technical problems in the prior art, and provide a method for forming a temporary support by spraying in a roadway, which adopts a method of forming a layer of sealed spraying layer on the surface of surrounding rock by a spraying material, can effectively form a temporary support, reduce the distance between a hollow top and a hollow side, avoid the repeated transposition operation of tunneling and supporting equipment, realize front tunneling and rear tunneling, have simple and convenient process flow, can obviously improve the roadway forming speed of a coal roadway, and relieve the mining continuation.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for forming a temporary support by spraying in a roadway according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, a sealing device 3 is arranged at the intersection of a newly dug roadway and a roadway which is already subjected to supporting operation, the two areas are isolated, a ventilation pipeline 4 is arranged on the newly dug roadway until the heading end is reached and extends along the heading end, and then the newly dug roadway is subjected to extraction type ventilation by using the ventilation pipeline 4. The tunneling device 1 (such as a horizontal shaft type tunneling machine, a longitudinal shaft type tunneling machine or a full-face tunneling machine) tunnels a row pitch to form a new tunnel, and the rear transportation device 2 (such as a shuttle car or a transportation belt) transports crushed coal rocks generated in the newly tunneled tunnel out. The anchor bar trolley 8 is in permanent supporting construction with the tunneling device 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for forming a temporary support sprayed in a roadway according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
and S1, forming a new roadway.
And S2, spraying a first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the new roadway, and bonding the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the bonding property of the first material.
As a possible implementation, the first material may be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock (e.g., the surrounding rock 9 in fig. 2 and 3) of the roadway by a spraying device (e.g., the spraying device 5 in fig. 2 and 3) mounted on the tunneling device.
The first material is sprayed on a sealing spray layer which can be formed on the surface of the surrounding rock, so that the rib can be prevented from being stripped, a protection effect is achieved, and the effect similar to that of a metal mesh in anchor rod cable support can be achieved. For example, the adhesive performance index of the sealing spray layer of the first material after 2 hours from the end of spraying needs to satisfy the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3MPa, bonding strength is more than 1MPa, shearing strength is more than 5MPa, and elongation is more than 60%; the compressive strength is more than 10 MPa.
For example, the first material may be a filling material with strong adhesion, such as a foam material, the foam material may be a polyurethane material, and the foam material is foamed when meeting water, expands in volume, has good adhesion performance with the coal rock mass, can fill the uneven surrounding rock surface of the roadway of the coal rock mass, and is used as a primary spraying material to be sprayed on the surrounding rock surface of the roadway.
And S3, spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, and forming a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing performance of the second material to form a temporary support for the roadway.
As a possible implementation, the second material may be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway by a spraying device (e.g., the spraying device 5 in fig. 2 and 3) mounted on the tunneling device.
Wherein, the sealing spray layer formed after spraying has tensile and toughness and is used for forming a support. Optionally, the performance index of the sealing spray layer after spraying the second material at the final strength needs to meet the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3.5MPa, shearing strength is more than 6MPa, elongation is more than 30%, and compressive strength is more than 20 MPa.
For example, the second material may be a Thin airtight material, such as TSL (Thin spray-on lines), which has a good tensile strength and is used as a secondary spray material to be sprayed on the surface of the primary spray material to form a Thin airtight layer.
Optionally, after the material reaction is finished after the second material is sprayed, the sealing spray layer needs not to react with water, that is, the spraying material in the sealing spray layer does not continue to expand after meeting water, and the compressive strength, the shear strength and the tensile strength need to be kept from decreasing, so that the supporting effect of the sealing spray layer cannot be reduced due to meeting water, and an accident can be avoided.
Further, the gas permeability of the layer is spouted to the sealing <100md, will make like this that the sealing spouts the in-situ too much gas that can not get into, like this when the layer forms the back negative pressure state of bleeding into, because gas permeability <100md, and then the condition that a large amount of gas reentrant sealing spouts the layer the inside can not appear, can effectively avoid disappearing of negative pressure state, can make the time of the supporting effect on sealing spout the layer as far as possible longer.
It can be understood that the first material and the second material can be organic materials, wherein when the first material and the second material are organic materials, the flash point of the spraying material is required to be ensured to be more than or equal to 200 ℃, and the oxygen index is required to be less than or equal to 35%, so that a fire disaster can be avoided, and the occurrence probability of a serious safety accident is reduced. The first and second materials may also be inorganic materials. For environmental protection, the first material and the second material need to be non-toxic, odorless, and non-polluting. The temperature of the using environment of the first material and the second material is generally 0-40 ℃, and optionally, the highest reaction temperature of the first material and the second material is less than or equal to 90 ℃. The Oxygen Index (OI) is the minimum oxygen concentration required for the material to undergo flaming combustion in an oxygen-nitrogen mixture gas flow under specified conditions, expressed as a volume percentage of oxygen. A higher oxygen index indicates a less combustible material, whereas a lower oxygen index indicates a more combustible material. The minimum oxygen concentration of the material at room temperature under the specified test conditions, at which the material just sustained flaming combustion in the O2, N2 gas mixture, was expressed as a percentage by volume. The higher the oxygen index, the better the flame retardant performance.
Optionally, the first and second materials also need to have flame retardant and antistatic properties.
It should be noted that the present invention is mainly directed to protecting a process of supporting, and in the present application, the first material and the second material may also be spraying materials having other similar functions, which are not limited herein.
The forming method of the temporary support sprayed in the roadway comprises the steps of digging out a new roadway, spraying a first material on the surface of surrounding rock of the new roadway, adhering the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the adhesive property of the first material, spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, and forming a sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing property of the second material, so that the temporary support can be effectively formed, the distance between a hollow top and a hollow side is reduced, the repeated transposition operation of tunneling and supporting equipment is avoided, the forward tunneling and the backward tunneling are realized, the process flow is simple and convenient, the tunneling speed of the coal roadway can be obviously improved, the efficiency is improved, and the tunneling continuation is relieved.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a method of forming a spray temporary support in a roadway according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the method for forming a temporary support sprayed in a roadway according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
and S41, forming a new roadway.
And S42, determining the surrounding rock parameters of the area to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock.
Wherein the surrounding rock parameters comprise at least one of the following parameters: flatness of the area to be sprayed and pore parameters of the area to be sprayed, wherein the pore parameters comprise at least one of the following parameters: number of pores, pore size, and pore depth.
S43, determining a first thickness of the first material based on the wall rock parameters.
And S44, spraying a first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to the first thickness, and bonding the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the bonding property of the first material.
As a possible implementation manner, the new roadway is divided into N (N is greater than 1) areas to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock, an image of each area to be sprayed is obtained through a camera (such as a 360-degree rotary camera) installed on the tunneling device, the flatness, the number of pores, the size and the depth of each area to be sprayed are obtained according to the obtained image, the first thickness of the first material of the area to be sprayed where the image is located is further determined, and the first material with the corresponding thickness is sprayed on the area, so that each area to be sprayed can be processed in a targeted manner, and the first material can be better adhered to the surface of the surrounding rock.
And S45, determining the surrounding rock parameters of the area to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock.
Wherein the surrounding rock parameters comprise at least one of the following parameters: flatness of the area to be sprayed and pore parameters of the area to be sprayed, wherein the pore parameters comprise at least one of the following parameters: number of pores, pore size, and pore depth.
And S46, determining a second thickness of the second material according to the surrounding rock parameters.
And S47, spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material according to the second thickness, and forming a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing performance of the second material to form a temporary support for the roadway.
As a possible implementation manner, the new roadway sprayed with the first material may be divided into N areas to be sprayed, an image of each area to be sprayed is obtained through a camera (e.g., a 360-degree rotating camera) installed on the tunneling device 1, the flatness, the number of pores, the size and the depth of each area to be sprayed are obtained according to the image, the second thickness of the second material in the area to be sprayed where the image is located is determined, and the second material with the corresponding thickness is sprayed on the area sprayed with the first material, so that each area to be sprayed can be processed in a targeted manner, and the quality of a sealing layer formed on the surface of the surrounding rock by the second material is better, the sealing performance is better, and the firmness of a temporary support formed on the roadway is stronger.
According to the forming method of the temporary support sprayed in the roadway, a new roadway is excavated, the surrounding rock parameters of the area to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock are determined, the first thickness of the first material is determined according to the surrounding rock parameters, the first material is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to the first thickness, and the first material can be better adhered to the surface of the surrounding rock through the adhesion performance of the first material. And then, determining the second thickness of the second material again according to the surrounding rock parameters, and spraying the second material with the corresponding thickness on the area sprayed with the first material according to the second thickness, so that the quality of a sealing layer formed on the surface of the surrounding rock by the second material is better, the sealing performance is better, and the firmness of the temporary support formed on the roadway is stronger.
In order to further improve the quality and sealing performance of the sealing sprayed layer and further enhance the robustness of the temporary support for roadway formation, as shown in fig. 5, after the second material is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material (i.e., step S3 and step S47), the method further comprises:
and S51, acquiring an image of the seal spraying layer.
As a possible implementation, the image of the sealing spray layer may be acquired by a camera (e.g., a 360 ° rotating camera) mounted on the heading device.
And S52, judging whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement or not according to the image.
Wherein the supporting requirement comprises at least one of the following requirements: the thickness reaches a preset thickness threshold value, and the air leakage is smaller than a preset air leakage threshold value. The preset thickness threshold value and the preset air leakage threshold value can be set according to actual needs.
As an implementation manner capable of obtaining the thickness of the sealing spray layer, the image obtained in step S51 is preprocessed to obtain the thickness of the sealing spray layer.
As another implementation manner capable of obtaining the thickness of the sealing spray layer, the thickness of the sealing spray layer can be directly obtained through a laser three-dimensional scanner installed on the tunneling device.
As an implementation mode capable of obtaining the air leakage of the sealing spray layer, the air leakage of each part can be known by utilizing the vacuum detection of the blocks, covering the surfaces of different sealing spray layers by using a large cover and detecting the change of the air pressure in the cover.
And S53, if the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement, continuously spraying a second material to the acquisition area corresponding to the image, or performing first material injection treatment or third material injection treatment on the acquisition area corresponding to the image to form a sealing spray layer on the surface of the surrounding rock to form a temporary support for the roadway.
That is to say, this embodiment obtains sealed spouted bed thickness and air leakage earlier, judge whether thickness reaches preset thickness threshold value again, whether air leakage is less than preset air leakage threshold value, if any one of them unsatisfied requirement, then judge that sealed spouted bed does not satisfy the requirement of strutting, then continue to carry out the second material of spraying (local additional spouting) to the region that does not satisfy the requirement, or continue to carry out first material injection processing or third material (like cement) injection processing (local slip casting) to the region that does not satisfy the requirement, stop local additional spouting or local slip casting after the thickness and the air leakage of this sealed spouted bed all satisfy the requirement, thereby further make the quality of sealed spouted bed better, sealing performance is better, form the tightness of temporary support to the tunnel and further strengthen.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a method of forming a spray temporary support in a roadway according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the method for forming a temporary support sprayed in a roadway according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
and S61, forming a new roadway.
And S62, determining an unreserved area on the surface of the surrounding rock.
As a possible implementation, the new roadway may be divided into a reserved area and an unreserved area, wherein the reserved area may be determined by the size of the vacuum head (e.g., vacuum head 6 in fig. 2 and 3), and the unreserved area is used for spraying the first material and the second material.
And S63, spraying a first material on the unreserved area on the surface of the surrounding rock, and bonding the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the bonding property of the first material.
That is, the reserved area is not sprayed with the first material for mounting the vacuum suction head.
And S64, spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material.
And S65, extracting gas in the surrounding rock gap from the non-spraying area on the surface of the surrounding rock by using a vacuum generating device so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state.
The vacuum generating device includes, but is not limited to, a vacuum pump and a vacuum generator.
And S66, detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap in the air exhaust process, and adjusting the working state of the vacuum generating device according to the current pressure.
Specifically, a row distance is firstly tunneled through a tunneling device to form a new tunnel, crushed coal and rock generated in the newly tunneled tunnel are transported out through a rear transport device, a region provided with a vacuum suction head is reserved on the surface of the new tunnel, the rest of the region is sprayed on the unprepared region of the newly formed tunnel by a spraying device arranged on the tunneling device, then a second material is sprayed on the first material, a spraying layer is formed on the surface of the surrounding rock, the vacuum suction head is arranged on the reserved region, the outer portion of the vacuum suction head and the spraying layer formed by the spraying material are mutually sealed, an air suction passage in the vacuum suction head is mutually communicated with the cracks of the surrounding rock, the vacuum suction head is electrically connected with a vacuum generating device (such as a vacuum generating device 7 in figures 2 and 3), and gas in the gaps of the surrounding rock is extracted from the unprepared region on the surface of the surrounding rock by the vacuum generating device, so that the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, and a pressure difference P is formed in the shallow surrounding rock, wherein P is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1MPa, and an active temporary supporting effect is formed.
In the air exhaust process, the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap is detected through the air pressure detector, if the current air pressure is not within the preset air pressure range, the power of the vacuum generating device is increased, so that the air inside the surrounding rock can be continuously exhausted, the surrounding rock and a new roadway are separated by a high-air-tightness spraying layer, and therefore the pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, and the supporting effect is achieved. The anchor bar trolley (e.g. 8 in figures 2 and 3) is then controlled to follow the tunnelling device for permanent support construction.
Before the vacuum head is installed, whether the hole needs to be punched before the vacuum head performs air extraction needs to be judged according to surrounding rock conditions. Specifically, the method is used for overall evaluation of the surrounding Rock fracture condition in the excavation process of the roadway, for example, the RQD (Rock Quality indication) of the axial direction and the radial direction of the roadway is measured by drilling and coring every 50m of excavation. When the axial and radial RQD of the roadway is less than 50%, the RQD is used as a basis for air extraction without punching. Secondly, in the process of tunneling along with a roadway, three-dimensional laser scanning, image recognition and the like are adopted to survey and draw the newly exposed fracture condition of the surrounding rock, and when the interval of the fractures on the surface of the surrounding rock is less than 10cm and the length of the fractures is more than 5cm, the fractures are used as another basis for non-drilling and air-extracting. When two bases of non-punching air extraction are met, the method of non-punching air extraction is adopted, the vacuum suction head can be directly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, otherwise punching air extraction is adopted, specifically, a drill rod in the vacuum suction head punches the surrounding rock, punching is stopped after the drilling is completed to the air extraction depth, and then the vacuum suction head is attached to the surface of the surrounding rock.
The forming method of the temporary support sprayed in the roadway of the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of firstly digging out a new roadway, dividing the new roadway into a reserved area and an unreserved area, then firstly spraying a first material on the surface of the unreserved area, then spraying a second material, meanwhile, installing a vacuum suction head on the reserved area, enabling the outer part of the vacuum suction head and a spraying layer formed by the spraying material to be mutually sealed, finally, adopting a vacuum generating device to extract gas in a surrounding rock gap from the unreserved area on the surface of the surrounding rock, detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap in real time in the air extraction process, adjusting the working state of the vacuum generating device according to the current pressure, and finally enabling the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state, thereby effectively forming the temporary support, reducing the distance between an empty roof and an empty wall, avoiding the repeated transposition operation of tunneling and supporting equipment, realizing the tunneling and the back and forth, and simple process flows, the roadway forming speed of the coal roadway can be obviously improved, and the mining continuation is relieved.
In order to improve the quality and the sealing performance of the sealing spray layer and enhance the effect of forming a temporary support for the roadway, as shown in fig. 7, after the step S64, the method further includes:
and S71, acquiring the image of the unreserved area of the sealing spray layer.
And S72, judging whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement or not according to the image.
And S73, if the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement, continuously spraying a second material to the acquisition area corresponding to the image, or injecting the second material into the acquisition area corresponding to the image, forming a sealing spray layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing performance of the second material, and forming temporary support for the roadway.
For details, refer to steps S51-S53, which are not described in detail in this embodiment.
To make the present invention more clear to those skilled in the art, fig. 8 is an operation flowchart of a method for forming a temporary support by spraying in a roadway according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, the operation flow of the forming method of the temporary support sprayed in the roadway includes:
and S801, tunneling. If the tunneling device 1 is used for tunneling a row spacing, a new roadway is formed.
And S802, spraying. If the whole surface of the surrounding rock of a new roadway is sprayed with a filling material with strong adhesion, then the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the filling material with strong adhesion is sprayed with a thin airtight spraying material, or an area provided with a vacuum suction head is reserved on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the filling material with strong adhesion is firstly sprayed on other areas, then the thin airtight spraying material is sprayed, so that the roadway is temporarily supported.
And S803, sealing the surrounding rock. If through judging whether sealed layer of spouting satisfies the requirement of strutting to when not satisfying, carry out local additional jetting or local slip casting's mode and make the country rock sealed.
And S804, exhausting. For example, the gas in the surrounding rock gap is extracted through the vacuum suction head so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state.
And S805, bolting. If the anchor rod trolley is controlled to follow the tunneling device for permanent supporting construction.
And S806, ventilating in a region closing and extracting mode. If in the whole operation process, the newly excavated roadway is isolated from the roadway which is already subjected to supporting operation through the sealing device, and meanwhile, the newly excavated roadway is subjected to extraction type ventilation through the ventilation pipeline in the newly excavated roadway.
The mining vacuum suction device (such as the vacuum generating device 7 in fig. 2 and 3) provided by the above embodiment is explained below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a mining vacuum suction device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 9, the mining vacuum suction apparatus may include: a vacuum head 100, a vacuum generator 200, and a filter 300.
It can be understood that, when the gas in the surrounding rock gap is extracted by the vacuum generating device 200 through the vacuum suction head 100, the gas extracted by the vacuum generating device 200 may contain impurities, such as coal slag, or the extracted gas may also contain harmful gas, so as to avoid affecting the health of the operator, in the embodiment of the present invention, the gas discharged from the vacuum suction head 100 may be filtered by the filter 300.
Specifically, the inlet of the filter 300 is connected to the vacuum head 100 through an inlet line.
The vacuum generating device 200 is provided with an air pumping pipeline and an air exhaust pipeline; the suction line of the vacuum generator 200 is connected to the outlet of the filter 300, and the gas in the surrounding rock gap is sucked through the suction head 100 and the filter 200.
And an exhaust pipeline of the vacuum generating device 200 is used for exhausting gas in the surrounding rock gap. The vacuum generating device 200 includes, but is not limited to, a vacuum pump and a vacuum generator.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust pipeline of the vacuum generating device 200 is located in a newly excavated roadway where the vacuum suction head 100 is located or a roadway where a supporting operation is completed, and the gas in the surrounding rock gap is exhausted into the roadway. In another possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust pipeline of the vacuum generating apparatus 200 is connected to a gas extraction pipeline, and the gas in the surrounding rock gap is exhausted through the gas extraction pipeline.
In another possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust pipeline of the vacuum generating device 200 is connected to an exhaust pipeline connected to the outside, and the gas in the surrounding rock gap is exhausted through the exhaust pipeline.
In one possible implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the filter 300 may have a filter element therein, and the filter element may be used to filter or adsorb the gaseous pollutants and/or the solid pollutants. The gaseous pollutants are, for example, formaldehyde, benzene, ozone, nitrogen oxides NOx, total volatile organic compounds, and the like, and the solid pollutants include total suspended particulate matters, inhalable particulate matters PM10, PM2.5, and the like.
According to the mining vacuum suction device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum generating device 200 automatically pumps the gas in the surrounding rock gap through the vacuum suction head 100 and the filter 300, so that the pressure difference is formed between the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock gap, namely the inside of the surrounding rock gap is in a negative pressure state, and the surrounding rock gap can be effectively supported through atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the gas in the extracted surrounding rock gap is filtered through the filter, so that the influence on the health of the operators can be avoided. In addition, temporary support is carried out on the surrounding rock gap without adopting a machine-mounted ceiling or a self-moving ceiling type support of the tunneling machine, time consuming duration can be reduced, the supportable area of the surrounding rock gap can be increased, and the requirement for rapid tunneling of a coal mine roadway is met. In addition, the surrounding rock clearance is supported without the mode of manual handling, the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved.
In one possible implementation of the present embodiment, the vacuum head 100 may be removably connected to the inlet line of the filter 300.
As an example, the vacuum suction head 100 is provided with a joint matrix of the quick joint 09; the end of the inlet pipe of the filter 300 is provided with a sub-body for quick connection and disconnection with the sub-body.
As another example, the vacuum suction head 100 is provided with a joint sub-body of the quick joint 09; the end of the inlet pipeline of the filter 300 is provided with a connector mother body for quick connection and disconnection with the connector daughter.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 10, on the basis of the embodiment shown in fig. 9, the mining vacuum suction apparatus may further include: a manifold block 400.
The pipeline valve set 400 is disposed on the air pumping pipeline of the vacuum generator 200, and controls the air pumping amount of the air pumping pipeline. For example, when the pressure difference between the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock gap is small, the pipe valve set 400 may be controlled to be opened to extract the gas in the surrounding rock gap through the filter 300 and the vacuum suction head 100 by the suction pipe of the vacuum generating apparatus 200, and when the pressure difference between the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock gap is large, the pipe valve set 400 may be controlled to be closed to stop extracting the gas in the surrounding rock gap, thereby maintaining the negative pressure state inside the surrounding rock gap and continuously and effectively supporting the surrounding rock gap by the atmospheric pressure.
In a possible implementation manner of the present invention, the number of the vacuum suction heads 100 may be 1, or may be multiple, and when the number of the vacuum suction heads 100 is multiple, the supportable area of the surrounding rock gap may be further increased.
When the number of the vacuum heads 100 is plural, the number of the filters 300 is also plural, and the number of the filters 300 is the same as the number of the vacuum heads 100, and the filters 300 correspond to the vacuum heads 100 one by one. The plurality of vacuum suction heads 100 are connected to the suction lines of the vacuum generator 200 through the corresponding filters 300.
The gas extraction pipeline of the vacuum generator 200 may further include a node, and the node is connected to the plurality of filters 300 and the vacuum generator 200, so that the vacuum generator 200 extracts the gas in the surrounding rock gap through the filters 300 and the vacuum suction heads 100 corresponding to the filters 300.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the pipeline valve set 400 may include a plurality of pipeline valves, and the pipeline valves are respectively disposed on the air pumping pipeline between the node and the filter 300 and on the air pumping pipeline between the node and the vacuum generating device 200, so as to control the air pumping amount of the air pumping pipeline.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the pipeline valve is disposed on the air exhaust pipeline between the node and each filter 300, so that when the pipeline valve disposed on the air exhaust pipeline between a certain filter 300 and the node is opened, the vacuum generation device 200 can extract the gas in the surrounding rock gap through the filter 300 and the vacuum suction head 100 corresponding to the filter 300, and when the pipeline valve disposed on the air exhaust pipeline between a certain filter 300 and the node is closed, the air in the surrounding rock gap can be extracted by stopping the passage through the filter 300 and the vacuum suction head 100 corresponding to the filter 300.
Through being provided with the pipeline valve on the exhaust line between node and vacuum generating device 200, when the pipeline valve was closed, can realize stopping through all filters 300 and the vacuum suction head 100 that filters 300 corresponds, the inside gas in extraction country rock clearance, and when the pipeline valve was opened, can stop the inside gas in extraction country rock clearance according to vacuum generating device 200's operating condition, or through all or some filters 300 and the vacuum suction head 100 that filters 300 correspond, the inside gas in extraction country rock clearance.
That is, the pipe valve disposed on the pumping line between the node and the vacuum generating apparatus 200 may be understood as a master switch, and the pipe valve disposed on the pumping line between the node and each filter 300 may be understood as a branch switch, when the pipe valve disposed on the pumping line between the node and the vacuum generating apparatus 200 is closed, the pumping of the gas inside the surrounding rock gap is stopped, and when the pipe valve disposed on the pumping line between the node and each filter 300 is opened, it may be further determined whether the gas inside the surrounding rock gap passes through the vacuum suction head 100 corresponding to each filter 300 and each filter 300, that is, when a branch switch is opened, the gas inside the surrounding rock gap may be pumped through the branch, and when a branch switch is closed, the extraction of gas inside the surrounding rock gap through the branch may be stopped.
For clarity of the above embodiment, the present embodiment provides a vacuum head (e.g., vacuum head 6 in fig. 2 and 3).
Fig. 11 is a sectional view of a vacuum suction head according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 11, the vacuum head 100 may include: the suction cup frame 01, the first sealing ring 02 arranged at the bottom of the suction cup frame 01, the air suction rod 010 connected with the suction cup frame 01 and penetrating through the suction cup frame 01, and the air suction passage 011 arranged in the air suction rod 010.
The air extraction passage 011 is used for extracting air in the surrounding rock gap and adsorbing the suction cup frame 01 on the surrounding rock gap.
The suction disc frame 01 can be provided with a pressure relief channel in the first sealing ring 02, and a pressure relief valve is arranged in the pressure relief channel, wherein the pressure relief channel is internally provided with the pressure relief valve which can be in a normally closed state, so that the negative pressure state inside a surrounding rock gap is maintained, and surrounding rocks are continuously and effectively supported through atmospheric pressure. When the pressure relief valve is opened, the adsorption state of the suction cup holder 01 can be stopped.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when the suction cup holder 01 is adsorbed on the surface of the surrounding rock, the suction rod 010 may be flush with the suction cup holder 01 at a side close to the surface of the surrounding rock, or the suction rod 010 may extend out of the suction cup holder 01, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 11 is an example in which only the suction rod 010 can be flush with the suction cup holder 01. When the air suction rod 010 extends out of the suction cup holder 01, the air suction rod 010 can also be called a drill rod and is used for punching the surrounding rock gap and stopping punching after the hole is punched to the air suction depth.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the first sealing ring 02 may be a sponge ring or a silicone rubber ring, and the first sealing ring 02 may be glued to the suction cup holder 01. Through set up first sealing washer 02 in the bottom of sucking disc frame 01, can realize that sucking disc frame 01 closely attaches on the country rock clearance.
The bonding refers to a process of joining two bonding members, such as the first seal ring 02 and the suction cup holder 01, by using a mechanical bonding force, a physical adsorption force and a chemical bonding force generated by an adhesive on a joint surface. Wherein, the cementing not only is applicable to the homogeneous material, also is applicable to the xenogenesis material, can promote the suitability. Moreover, the bonding process is simple and convenient, complex process equipment is not needed, and the bonding operation is not needed to be carried out at high temperature and high pressure, so that the bonding part is not easy to deform, and the stress distribution of the joint is uniform. In general, a glued joint also has good sealing, electrical insulation and corrosion resistance.
In the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum suction head is attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, the air in the surrounding rock gap is sucked through the air suction passage 011, the pressure difference can be generated on two sides of the suction cup frame 01, the first sealing ring 02 such as a sponge ring is compressed under the action of atmospheric pressure, so that the suction cup frame 01 is tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, the gap between the suction cup frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock is sealed, then, the air in the surrounding rock gap is continuously sucked through the air suction passage 011, the pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, and the surrounding rock is effectively supported through the atmospheric pressure.
According to the vacuum suction head provided by the embodiment of the invention, the air in the surrounding rock gap is automatically extracted through the air extraction passage 011, so that a pressure difference is formed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock gap, namely the inside of the surrounding rock gap is in a negative pressure state, and therefore, the surrounding rock can be effectively supported through atmospheric pressure. And the temporary support of the surrounding rock is carried out without adopting a machine-mounted ceiling or a self-moving ceiling type support of the development machine, so that the time consumption is reduced, the supportable area of the surrounding rock is increased, and the requirement of rapid development of a coal mine tunnel is met. In addition, the surrounding rock is supported without a manual carrying mode, the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved.
In a possible implementation manner of the invention, the number of the vacuum suction heads can be 1, or a plurality of vacuum suction heads, and when the number of the vacuum suction heads is a plurality, the supportable area of the surrounding rock can be further increased.
In order to clearly illustrate the above embodiment, this embodiment provides another vacuum head, and fig. 12 is a sectional view of a vacuum head provided in a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 12, the vacuum head 100 may further include: and a ball bearing 04.
Wherein, the ball bearing 04 is arranged at the central position in the suction cup frame 01, and the ball bearing 04 is connected with the air pumping rod 010.
The ball bearing is one of rolling bearings, and ball balls are arranged between the inner steel ring and the outer steel ring and can bear larger load.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 12, the vacuum suction head 100 may further include: a flexible material connecting sleeve 05, a shaft sleeve 06 and a flange plate 07.
Wherein, the flange plate 07 is fixed on the top of the suction cup frame 01.
The flexible material connecting sleeve 05 is clamped between the flange plate 07 and the sucker frame 01.
The shaft sleeve 06 is sleeved on the air pumping rod 010 and connected with the flexible material connecting sleeve 05.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the flange plate 07 may be connected to the suction cup holder 01 by screws, and a flexible material connecting sleeve 05 is disposed between the flange plate 07 and the suction cup holder 01.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 12, the vacuum suction head 100 may further include: a check valve 012.
The check valve 012 is disposed in the pumping passage 011 of the pumping rod 010, and is configured to close the pumping passage 011 and maintain the suction state of the chuck holder 01.
Specifically, after the air extraction through the air extraction passage 011 is finished, the check valve 012 arranged in the air extraction passage 011 of the air extraction rod 010 can close the air extraction passage 011 and maintain the adsorption state of the suction cup holder 01, so that the inside of the surrounding rock gap is ensured to maintain a negative pressure state, and the surrounding rock is continuously and effectively supported by atmospheric pressure.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, a third sealing element may be further disposed in the first sealing ring 02 to divide an area sealed by the first sealing ring 02 into an air pumping passage area and sub-areas, where the number of the sub-areas may be one or more, and the present invention is not limited to this.
As shown in fig. 12, fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the vacuum suction head, the first sealing ring 02 may be two sealing rings, such as two sponge rings, the area between the inner small sealing ring and the outer large sealing ring may be a sub-area, and the area between the inner small sealing ring and the outer large sealing ring may be an air suction passage area. Fig. 12 illustrates only one example of the number of sub-regions.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 12, an air suction port 03 may be provided in at least one sub-area of the suction cup holder 01, for example, referring to fig. 12, the air suction port 03 may be provided between two circles of the first sealing ring 02, and air in a gap between the suction cup holder 01 and the surrounding rock gap is sucked through the air suction port 03, so that the suction cup holder 01 is tightly attached to the surrounding rock surface, that is, the suction cup holder 01 is adsorbed on the surrounding rock surface.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, a check valve may be disposed in the air suction port 03 for closing the air suction port 03 to maintain the suction state of the chuck holder 01.
Specifically, after air exhaust through the air exhaust port 03 is finished, the one-way valve arranged in the air exhaust port 03 can seal the air exhaust port 03 and maintain the adsorption state of the suction disc frame 01, so that the negative pressure state inside the surrounding rock gap is maintained, and the surrounding rock is continuously and effectively supported through atmospheric pressure.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, a pressure relief channel may also be disposed in a sub-region where the air extraction opening 03 is located on the suction cup frame 01, wherein a pressure relief valve is disposed in the pressure relief channel, and the pressure relief valve may be in a normally closed state, so as to maintain a negative pressure state inside the surrounding rock gap, and continuously and effectively support the surrounding rock by atmospheric pressure. When the pressure relief valve is opened, the adsorption state of the suction cup holder 01 can be stopped.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the air exhaust port 03 may be an annular space air exhaust port.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, at least one sub-area of the suction cup holder 01 may be provided with an air hole for exhausting air in a gap between the suction cup holder 01 and the surrounding rock gap, so as to further maintain the suction cup holder 01 to be tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock gap.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, a second sealing ring may be further interposed between the shaft sleeve 06 and the air pumping rod 010, so as to achieve the sealing connection between the shaft sleeve 06 and the air pumping rod 010.
Further, in another possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, a shaft sleeve hole may be further disposed inside the shaft sleeve 06, and a second sealing ring is disposed in the shaft sleeve hole, so as to achieve the sealing connection between the shaft sleeve 06 and the suction rod 010.
It should be noted that fig. 12 is only illustrated that the second seal ring 08 is disposed in the bushing hole, and in practical applications, it is not necessary to dispose the bushing hole inside the bushing 06, and the second seal ring 08 may be disposed in the bushing hole, for example, the second seal ring 08 may be directly interposed between the bushing 06 and the suction rod 010, which is not limited in this respect. Therefore, the shaft sleeve 06 can be hermetically connected with the air pumping rod 010 in various modes, and the applicability of the vacuum suction head can be improved.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 12, the vacuum suction head 100 may further include: a quick coupling 09, wherein the quick coupling 09 is sleeved on the top end of the air suction rod 010.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the quick connector 09 is used for quick connection and disconnection with the inlet pipeline of the filter 300. Specifically, when the vacuum generation device is used to extract the gas inside the surrounding rock gap through the air extraction passage 011 provided in the air extraction rod 010, the quick coupling 09 of the top jacket of the air extraction rod 010 can be quickly connected to the inlet pipeline of the filter 300, and when the extraction of the gas inside the surrounding rock gap is stopped, the quick coupling 09 of the top jacket of the air extraction rod 010 can be quickly disconnected from the inlet pipeline of the filter 300, so as to maintain the adsorption state of the suction cup holder 01.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the quick connector 09 may be a connector parent body, and the end of the inlet pipeline of the filter 300 may be provided with a connector sub-body for quick connection and quick disconnection with the connector parent body.
In another possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the quick connector 09 may be a connector sub-body, and the end of the inlet pipeline of the filter 300 may be provided with a connector parent body, which is used for quick connection and quick disconnection with the connector sub-body.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the check valve 012 disposed in the air-extracting path of the air-extracting rod 010 is specifically configured to maintain the suction state of the suction cup holder 01 when the quick connector 09 is disconnected from the inlet pipeline of the filter 300, so as to ensure that the inside of the surrounding rock gap is maintained in a negative pressure state, and the surrounding rock gap is continuously and effectively supported by the atmospheric pressure.
The working principle of the air extraction process of the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the vacuum generating device 200 is connected with the vacuum suction head 100 through the filter 300, the vacuum suction head 100 is attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, and the vacuum generating device absorbs the gas in the gap of the surrounding rock through the pumping passage 011 in the pumping rod 010. When the vacuum generating device absorbs the air in the coverage area of the sucker frame 01, pressure difference can be generated on two sides of the sucker frame 01, and under the action of atmospheric pressure, the first sealing ring 02, such as a sponge ring, is compressed to enable the sucker frame 01 to be closely attached to the surface of a surrounding rock gap so as to seal the gap between the sucker frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock, then air is continuously pumped out through the vacuum generating device, and the gas in the surrounding rock gap is continuously pumped out, so that the pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock surface, and the supporting effect is realized.
In the above embodiment, the air-extracting process may adopt the process S5-1, or may also adopt the process S5-2, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, the process S5-1 is (as shown in figure 2): the vacuum generating device 200 is connected with an air pumping passage 011 of the vacuum suction head 100 through the filter 300, and the vacuum generating device 200 is used for pumping air in the cracks of the surrounding rock gap to ensure that the surrounding rock gap is in a negative pressure state, so that a pressure difference P is formed in the shallow surrounding rock gap, wherein P is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1MPa, and an active temporary supporting effect is formed. The vacuum generating device 200 is connected to the pumping path 011 of the vacuum suction head 100 through the filter 300 all the time in the process, and continuously pumps air until the construction is finished.
Process S5-2 is (as shown in FIG. 3): a vacuum generating device is connected with an air pumping passage 011 of the vacuum suction head 100 through a filter, air in the cracks of the surrounding rock gap is pumped out by the vacuum generating device, the surrounding rock gap is in a negative pressure state, a pressure difference P is formed in the shallow surrounding rock gap, wherein P is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1MPa, and an active temporary supporting effect is formed. In this process, when P is 0.1MPa, the vacuum generating device is disconnected from the vacuum head 100 through the filter, for example, the suction line of the vacuum generating device may be disconnected from the outlet of the filter, or the inlet line of the filter may be quickly disconnected from the quick coupling 09 of the vacuum head, and the differential pressure is maintained by the check valve 012 in the vacuum head 100 until the construction is finished.
Specifically, in the above embodiment, when air starts to be pumped, the quick connector 09 can be quickly connected to the inlet pipeline of the filter, the vacuum generation device can absorb the gas inside the surrounding rock gap through the air pumping channel 011 of the filter and the vacuum suction head, after the vacuum generation device absorbs the air in the coverage area of the suction cup holder 01, pressure difference can be generated on two sides of the suction cup holder 01, under the action of atmospheric pressure, the first sealing ring 02, such as a sponge ring, is compressed, so that the suction cup holder 01 is tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, thereby sealing the gap between the suction cup holder 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock, then, air pumping is continued through the vacuum generation device, the gas inside the surrounding rock gap is continuously pumped out, so that pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock gap. When air extraction is stopped, the quick connector 09 can be quickly disconnected from the inlet pipeline of the filter, the air extraction passage 011 is closed through the check valve 012 in the air extraction passage 011, and the adsorption state of the suction disc frame is maintained, so that surrounding rocks are continuously and effectively supported.
That is, the vacuum head has a closed structure, and after the vacuum generating device exhausts the gas inside the surrounding rock gap, the one-way valve 012 in the exhaust passage 011 can close the exhaust passage 011, so as to realize continuous and effective support of the surrounding rock gap. The temporary support continues to move forward along with the heading machine, the vacuum suction head continues to be adsorbed on the surface of the surrounding rock, the air suction passage 011 is closed by the one-way valve 012, and the negative pressure on the surface of the gap of the surrounding rock is ensured to be in a holding state, so that the surrounding rock is continuously and effectively supported by the atmospheric pressure. After the anchor rod machine finishes driving the anchor rod, the vacuum suction head can be taken down for recycling. Therefore, the vacuum suction head can be connected with the inlet pipeline of the filter in a pluggable manner, and the newly formed roadway, namely the surface of the surrounding rock, can be effectively supported. In addition, the vacuum suction head can be repeatedly used, and the supportable area can be further increased.
Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the air suction port 03 may also be provided with a quick coupling for quick connection and quick disconnection with the inlet pipeline of the filter.
In the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum generating device can absorb the gas in the gap between the suction cup frame 01 and the surrounding rock through the air pumping port 03 of the filter and the vacuum suction head, and can also absorb the gas in the gap of the surrounding rock through the air pumping channel 011 in the filter and the air pumping rod 010 of the vacuum suction head. After the vacuum generating device absorbs the air in the coverage area of the sucker frame 01, namely the vacuum generating device absorbs the air in the gap between the sucker frame 01 and the surrounding rock gap and absorbs the air in the surrounding rock gap, pressure difference can be generated on two sides of the sucker frame 01, and under the action of atmospheric pressure, the first sealing ring 02 such as a sponge ring is compressed to enable the sucker frame 01 to be tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, so that the gap between the sucker frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock is sealed, then, air is continuously pumped through the vacuum generating device, the air in the surrounding rock gap is continuously pumped out, so that the pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, and the supporting effect is realized.
That is, the vacuum suction head 100 has a closed structure, and after the vacuum generation device has pumped the gas in the gap between the suction cup frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock and pumped the gas in the gap of the surrounding rock, the suction port 03 of the vacuum suction head 100 can be closed by the check valve in the suction port 03, and the suction passage 011 is closed by the check valve 012 in the suction passage 011, so as to realize continuous and effective support of the surface of the surrounding rock. The temporary support continues to move forward along with the heading machine, the vacuum suction head 100 continues to be adsorbed on the surface of the surrounding rock, the suction port 03 and the suction passage 011 are sealed by the one-way valve, and the negative pressure inside the surface of the surrounding rock is ensured to be in a holding state, so that the surface of the surrounding rock is continuously and effectively supported by the atmospheric pressure. After the bolting machine has drilled the bolts, the vacuum head 100 can be removed for reuse. Therefore, the vacuum suction head 100 can be connected with the inlet pipeline of the filter in a pluggable manner, so that the newly formed roadway, namely the surrounding rock can be effectively supported. In addition, the vacuum suction head 100 can be reused, and the supportable area can be further increased.
It should be noted that the air suction passage and the air suction port 03 may be evacuated by using vacuum generation devices having different powers. For example, a vacuum generating device with a relatively high power may be used to pump the air from the air pumping passage, mainly to achieve the air pumping function, and to achieve the adsorption function of the chuck holder 01 by squeezing the air in the first sealing ring 02. A vacuum generating device with low power can be adopted to extract air from the air extraction port 03, and the adsorption function of the suction disc frame 01 is mainly realized.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the suction cup holder 01 may be a circle, or the shape of the suction cup holder 01 may be a rectangle, or the shape of the suction cup holder 01 may be an ellipse, and the like, which is not limited in this respect.
As an example, when the shape of the suction cup holder 01 is a circle, referring to fig. 13, fig. 13 is a top view of a vacuum suction head provided in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
As another example, when the suction cup holder 01 has a rectangular shape, referring to fig. 14, fig. 14 is a top view of a vacuum suction head provided in the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
In a possible implementation manner of the present invention, on the basis of the embodiment shown in fig. 10, the mining vacuum suction apparatus may further include: a first air pressure sensor.
The first air pressure sensor is disposed in an air suction passage of the vacuum suction head 100 and connected to the vacuum generator 200.
And the vacuum generating device 200 is used for controlling the working state according to the air pressure value of the first air pressure sensor.
And the pipeline valve group 400 is used for controlling the working state according to the air pressure numerical value of the first air pressure sensor.
For example, when the air pressure value of the first air pressure sensor is 0MPa, the vacuum generator 200 may be controlled to stop the extraction of the gas in the surrounding rock gap through the filter 300 and the extraction passage 011 provided in the extraction rod 010 of the vacuum suction head 100, or the extraction line of the vacuum generator 200 may be controlled to be disconnected from the outlet of the filter 300. And controls the pipeline valve set 400 to close to maintain the negative pressure state inside the surrounding rock gap.
For another example, when the air pressure value of the first air pressure sensor is 0.1MPa, the vacuum generator 200 may be controlled to start to extract the gas in the gap between the surrounding rocks through the filter 300 and the air extraction passage 011 provided in the air extraction rod 010 of the vacuum suction head 100, or the air extraction pipe of the vacuum generator 200 may be controlled to be connected to the outlet of the filter 300. And controls the manifold block 400 to open to begin pumping.
In a possible implementation manner of the present invention, on the basis of the embodiment shown in fig. 9 or fig. 14, the mining vacuum suction apparatus may further include: a second air pressure sensor.
And the second air pressure sensor is arranged in the surrounding rock and is connected with the vacuum generating device 200.
And a vacuum generating device 200 for controlling the working state according to the air pressure value of the second air pressure sensor.
And a pipeline valve assembly 400 for controlling the working state according to the air pressure value of the second air pressure sensor.
For example, when the air pressure value of the second air pressure sensor is 0MPa, the vacuum generator 200 may be controlled to stop the extraction of the gas in the surrounding rock gap through the filter 300 and the extraction passage 011 provided in the extraction rod 010 of the vacuum suction head 100, or the extraction line of the vacuum generator 200 may be controlled to be disconnected from the outlet of the filter 300. And controls the pipeline valve set 400 to close to maintain the negative pressure state inside the surrounding rock gap.
For another example, when the air pressure value of the first air pressure sensor is 0.1MPa, the vacuum generator 200 may be controlled to start to extract the gas in the gap between the surrounding rocks through the filter 300 and the air extraction passage 011 provided in the air extraction rod 010 of the vacuum suction head 100, or the air extraction pipe of the vacuum generator 200 may be controlled to be connected to the outlet of the filter 300. And controls the pipeline valve set 400 to close to maintain the negative pressure state inside the surrounding rock gap.
Fig. 15 is a block schematic diagram of a forming device for painting temporary supports in a roadway according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 15, a forming apparatus 1000 for spraying a temporary support in a roadway according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: forming a module 1001, a first spray module 1002, and a second spray module 1003.
The forming module 1001 is used to form a new lane. The first spraying module 1002 is used for spraying a first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the new roadway, and the first material is adhered to the surface of the surrounding rock through the adhesion property of the first material. The second spraying module 1003 is used for spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, forming a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing performance of the second material, and forming a temporary support for the roadway; the first material is a filling material with strong adhesiveness, and the second material is an air-tight thin-spraying material.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the spraying of the first material on the surrounding rock surface of the roadway by the first spraying module 1002 specifically includes: determining surrounding rock parameters of a region to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock, determining the first thickness of the first material according to the surrounding rock parameters, and spraying the first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to the first thickness.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the spraying of the second material by the second spraying module 1003 on the surface of the surrounding rock on which the first material is sprayed specifically includes: and determining surrounding rock parameters of a region to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock, determining a second thickness of the second material according to the surrounding rock parameters, and spraying the second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material according to the second thickness.
Wherein the surrounding rock parameters comprise at least one of the following parameters: the flatness of the area to be sprayed, the surrounding rock density of the area to be sprayed and the pore parameters of the area to be sprayed; the porosity parameter includes at least one of the following parameters: number of pores, pore size, and pore depth.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, after the second material is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock on which the first material is sprayed, the second spraying module 1003 is further configured to: and collecting an image of the sealed spraying layer, judging whether the sealed spraying layer meets the support requirement or not according to the image, and if the sealed spraying layer does not meet the support requirement, continuously spraying a second material to the collection area corresponding to the image, or injecting the second material into the collection area corresponding to the image.
Wherein the supporting requirement comprises at least one of the following requirements: the thickness reaches a preset thickness threshold value, and the air leakage is smaller than a preset air leakage threshold value.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the first spraying module 1002 is specifically configured to: an unreserved region on the surface of the surrounding rock is determined, and a first material is sprayed on the unreserved region on the surface of the surrounding rock.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, after the first spraying module 1002 sprays the second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, the first spraying module is further configured to: and collecting the image of the unreserved area of the sealed spraying layer, judging whether the sealed spraying layer meets the support requirement or not according to the image, and if the sealed spraying layer does not meet the support requirement, continuously spraying a second material to the collection area corresponding to the image or injecting the second material into the collection area corresponding to the image.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, after the second material is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock on which the first material is sprayed, the second spraying module 1003 is further configured to: and (3) extracting gas in the surrounding rock gap from the region, which is not sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock, by adopting a vacuum generating device so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the second spraying module 1003 is further configured to: and detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap in the air exhaust process, and adjusting the working state of the vacuum generating device according to the current pressure.
It should be noted that, the details of the forming device for the temporary support sprayed in the roadway according to the embodiment of the present invention that are not disclosed are referred to the details of the forming method for the temporary support sprayed in the roadway according to the embodiment of the present invention, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted here.
According to the forming device for spraying the temporary support in the roadway, a new roadway is formed through the forming modules, the filling material with strong bonding property is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway through the first spraying module, the filling material with strong bonding property is bonded on the surface of the surrounding rock through the bonding property of the filling material with strong bonding property, the air-tight thin spraying material is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the filling material with strong bonding property through the second spraying module, and a sealing spraying layer is formed on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing property of the air-tight thin spraying material to form the temporary support for the roadway. Therefore, by adopting a mode of forming a layer of sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock by the spraying material, temporary support can be effectively formed, the distance between a hollow top and a hollow side wall is reduced, the repeated transposition operation of tunneling and supporting equipment is avoided, the front tunneling and the rear tunneling are realized, the process flow is simple and convenient, the tunneling speed of a coal roadway can be obviously improved, and the mining continuation is relieved.
In order to implement the above embodiments, the present invention further provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the electronic device implements the steps in the method for forming the temporary support for spraying in the roadway.
In order to achieve the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the method for forming the temporary support for spraying in a roadway as described above.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A forming method of a temporary support sprayed in a roadway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forming a new roadway;
spraying a first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and bonding the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the bonding property of the first material;
spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, forming a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing performance of the second material, and forming a temporary support for the roadway; the first material is a filling material with strong adhesion, and the second material is an air-tightness thin-spraying material.
2. The method for forming a temporary support in a roadway by spraying according to claim 1, wherein the spraying of the first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway comprises:
determining the surrounding rock parameters of the area to be sprayed;
determining a first thickness of the first material according to the surrounding rock parameters;
and spraying the first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to the first thickness.
3. The method for forming a temporary support by spraying in a roadway according to claim 1, wherein the step of spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material comprises the following steps:
determining surrounding rock parameters of a region to be sprayed;
determining a second thickness of the second material according to the surrounding rock parameters;
and spraying the second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material according to the second thickness.
4. The forming method of the temporary support sprayed in the roadway according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the surrounding rock parameters comprise at least one of the following parameters: the flatness of the area to be sprayed and the pore parameters of the area to be sprayed;
the pore parameters include at least one of the following: number of pores, pore size, and pore depth.
5. The method for forming a temporary support by spraying in a roadway according to claim 1, wherein after the second material is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, the method further comprises the following steps:
collecting an image of the sealing spray layer;
judging whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement or not according to the image;
and if the sealing spray layer does not meet the supporting requirement, continuously spraying the second material to the acquisition area corresponding to the image, or performing first material injection treatment or third material injection treatment on the acquisition area corresponding to the image, wherein the third material is cement.
6. The method for forming a temporary support sprayed in a roadway according to claim 5, wherein the support requirements comprise at least one of the following requirements: the thickness reaches a preset thickness threshold value, and the air leakage is smaller than a preset air leakage threshold value.
7. The method for forming a temporary support in a roadway by spraying according to claim 1, wherein the spraying of the first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway comprises:
determining an unreserved region on the surface of the surrounding rock;
spraying the first material on the unreserved area on the surface of the surrounding rock.
8. The method for forming a temporary support by spraying in a roadway according to claim 7, wherein after the second material is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, the method further comprises the following steps:
collecting an image of an unreserved area of the sealing spray layer;
judging whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement or not according to the image;
and if the sealing spray layer does not meet the supporting requirement, continuously spraying the second material to the acquisition area corresponding to the image, or performing first material injection treatment or third material injection treatment on the acquisition area corresponding to the image, wherein the third material is cement.
9. The method for forming a temporary support by spraying in a roadway according to claim 1, wherein after spraying the second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, the method further comprises:
and (3) extracting gas in the surrounding rock gap from the region, which is not sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock, by adopting a vacuum generating device so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state.
10. The method for forming the temporary support by spraying in the roadway according to claim 9, further comprising:
and detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap in the air exhaust process, and adjusting the working state of the vacuum generating device according to the current pressure.
11. The utility model provides a forming device that spraying temporary support in tunnel which characterized in that includes:
the forming module is used for forming a new roadway;
the first spraying module is used for spraying a first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the first material is adhered to the surface of the surrounding rock through the adhesion property of the first material;
the second spraying module is used for spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, forming a sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing performance of the second material, and forming a temporary support for the roadway; the first material is a filling material with strong adhesion, and the second material is an air-tightness thin-spraying material.
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| CN112377209B (en) | 2023-05-12 |
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