CN112377164B - Foaming mechanism, high-energy gas foam fracturing device and process - Google Patents
Foaming mechanism, high-energy gas foam fracturing device and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112377164B CN112377164B CN202011275753.5A CN202011275753A CN112377164B CN 112377164 B CN112377164 B CN 112377164B CN 202011275753 A CN202011275753 A CN 202011275753A CN 112377164 B CN112377164 B CN 112377164B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/685—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds containing cross-linking agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
- C09K8/703—Foams
Abstract
The invention discloses a foaming mechanism, a high-energy gas foam fracturing device and a process, wherein the foaming mechanism and the high-energy gas fracturing device are combined to form the high-energy gas foam fracturing device, the foaming mechanism is used for forming foam to perform foam fracturing on a target layer, and the high-energy gas fracturing device continues to perform high-energy gas fracturing on the target layer, so that the problems that the existing foam fracturing process can generate wider cracks but is difficult to form a seam network, the high-energy gas fracturing process can generate seam networks but has short cracks, cannot generate large-area fracture surfaces, and the communication performance between layers is poor are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a horizontal well fracturing device and a fracturing process.
Background
Foam fracturing in the existing fracturing technology has the advantages that the foam fracturing viscosity is high, the stratum can be favorably fractured, wider cracks are generated, but the cracks generated by the foam fracturing mostly extend up and down, the original cracks are not expanded greatly, and a crack network is difficult to form.
The high-energy gas fracturing is a production increasing measure which utilizes a large amount of high-temperature high-pressure gas generated by fast combustion of gunpowder or rocket propellant in a shaft to extrude a radial multi-crack system on a producing layer to improve the permeability of a near-wellbore area, thereby increasing the yield of an oil-gas well and the injection amount of a water injection well.
However, most of high-energy gas fracturing has poor fracture extensibility and short fracture length, cannot generate large-area fracture surfaces like hydraulic fracturing, has poor communication performance between layers, and has a very limited effect on improving productivity. And the secondary fracturing operation needs to be repeatedly started and pulled down, the construction process is complex, and selective fracturing cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a foaming mechanism, which is applied in a high-energy gas fracturing mechanism to form a high-energy gas foam fracturing device.
In addition, the invention provides a high-energy gas foam fracturing process, which is used for fracturing construction by using the high-energy gas foam fracturing device and solves the problems that the existing foam fracturing process can generate wider cracks but is difficult to form a seam network, the high-energy gas fracturing process can generate the seam network but has short cracks, cannot generate large-area crack surfaces and has poor communication between layers.
In a first aspect, the foaming mechanism is characterized by comprising:
connecting the cylinder body;
the connecting cylinder is filled with a foam generating material;
the foam generating object is used for generating foam after fracturing fluid containing a surfactant passes through the connecting cylinder.
Further, the foam generating object is foamed rubber wool.
Furthermore, two ports of the connecting cylinder are respectively connected with a valve and a porous plate;
the valve is used for opening or closing the inlet of the connecting cylinder;
the porous plate is used for supporting the foam generating object so as to prevent the fracturing fluid from flushing the foam generating object out of the connecting cylinder body.
Further, the connecting cylinder is connected with a pressure sensor;
the pressure sensor is used for transmitting a pressure signal in the connecting cylinder body to the ground.
In a second aspect, the high-energy gas foam fracturing device is characterized by comprising:
the foaming mechanism and the high-energy gas fracturing device of the claim.
Further, the high-energy gas fracturing device comprises a fracturing string;
and the lower end of the foaming mechanism is connected with the fracturing string.
Furthermore, a perforation is arranged on the fracturing pipe column;
the perforations are arranged along the circumferential direction of the fracturing string, and each perforation is correspondingly provided with an electric spark ignition device.
Furthermore, a packer and a positioner are connected to the fracturing string;
the packer is used for packing a target layer;
the locator is used for locating the fracturing string to the target layer.
In a third aspect, the high-energy gas foam fracturing process is characterized by comprising:
the high energy gas foam fracturing device of any one of the second aspects;
generating foam through the foaming mechanism to perform foam fracturing on a target layer to generate cracks and a seam network;
and continuing to perform high-energy gas fracturing on the target layer through a high-energy gas fracturing device to expand the cracks and the crack network.
Further, the foam fracturing is to inject fracturing fluid containing a surfactant and oxygen into the high-energy gas foam fracturing device to generate the foam;
the foam fracturing the target formation to create the fractures and the fracture network, and the oxygen mixing with associated gas within the target formation;
and the high-energy gas fracturing is to ignite the high-energy gas fracturing device to detonate the associated gas and the oxygen in the fracture after the foam fracturing.
Further, the high-energy gas foam fracturing device is lowered into the target layer through a coiled tubing.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the high-energy gas foam fracturing technology combines the foam fracturing technology with the high-energy gas fracturing technology, integrates the advantages of the two technologies, wherein the fracturing fluid is changed into foam through the foaming device, the viscosity is increased, the stratum can be pressed open, wider cracks are generated, the foam has low filtration loss, the liquid efficiency is high, and the foam is more stable and uniform in the cracks; associated gas in the initiated fracture can further expand the fracture formed after foam fracturing, so that the connectivity among the fractures is increased, and on the other hand, the associated gas can effectively penetrate a pollution zone;
The foaming mechanism has a simple structure, is convenient to operate, and can generate bubbles only by injecting fracturing fluid containing a surfactant;
the high-energy gas foam fracturing device can be put into a tubular column once, can sequentially perform foam fracturing and other high-energy fracturing, and can realize twice fracturing on a target layer, so that the fractured cracks have the advantages of foam fracturing and high-energy gas fracturing at the same time.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a foaming mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high energy gas fracturing apparatus of an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the foaming mechanism and the pressure sensor and the connecting oil pipe according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below based on examples, but it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth. However, the present invention may be fully understood by those skilled in the art for those parts not described in detail.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are provided for purposes of illustrating the objects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure and are not necessarily to scale.
Also, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, it is meant by "including but not limited to".
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a foaming mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention; in fig. 1, the foaming mechanism of the present embodiment includes a connecting cylinder 10; the connection cylinder 10 is filled with a foam generator 11, and the foam generator 11 is used for generating foam when a fracturing fluid containing a surfactant passes through the connection cylinder 10. Preferably, the foam generator 11 is a foamed rubber foam.
In fig. 1, a valve 12 and a porous plate 9 are respectively connected to two ports of the connection cylinder 10, wherein the valve 12 is used for controlling the opening or closing of the inlet of the connection cylinder 10; the porous plate 9 is used for supporting the foamed rubber cotton and fixing the foamed rubber cotton in the connecting cylinder 10 so as to prevent the foamed rubber cotton from being punched out of the connecting cylinder 10 when the fracturing fluid passes through.
In fig. 3, the connection cylinder 10 is connected with a pressure sensor 6, and the pressure sensor 6 is used for transmitting a pressure signal in the connection cylinder 10 to the ground. Since the fracturing operation is performed under certain pressure conditions, the pressure in the connecting cylinder needs to be monitored in due time, and the pressure sensor 6 can achieve the purpose.
The foaming mechanism is designed for being combined with a high-energy gas fracturing device to form the high-energy gas foam fracturing device, and the device comprises the foaming mechanism and the high-energy gas fracturing device. As shown in fig. 2, the high-energy gas fracturing device comprises a fracturing string 1, wherein perforations 4 are arranged on the fracturing string 1, the perforations 4 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the fracturing string 1, and each perforation 4 is correspondingly provided with an electric spark ignition device 5. The lower extreme of the connecting cylinder body 10 of foaming mechanism with fracturing string 1 is connected, and specifically fracturing string 1 upper portion is equipped with the coupling, realizes the fixed connection of connecting cylinder body 10 and fracturing string 1 through this coupling.
And the fracturing string 1 is also connected with a packer 2 and a positioner 3, wherein the packer 2 is used for packing a target layer, and the positioner 3 is used for positioning the fracturing string 1 to the target layer. The perforation 4 arranged on the fracturing string 1 is designed according to the existing high-pressure gas fracturing process requirements, and the structures of the electric spark ignition device 5, the packer 2 and the positioner 3 are designed according to the existing high-pressure gas fracturing process requirements. Of course, the selection and the structural design of the electric spark ignition device 5, the packer 2 and the positioner 3 may not be according to the scheme of fig. 2, as long as the requirement of high-energy gas fracturing can be met.
Of course, the actual high-energy gas fracturing equipment also includes downhole tools such as centralizers, and the present embodiment does not describe these devices in detail.
Through the high-energy gas foam fracturing device, a novel fracturing mode, namely a high-energy gas foam fracturing process can be designed, and the main inventive concept of the process is as follows:
generating foam through the foaming mechanism to perform foam fracturing on a target layer to generate cracks and a seam network;
and continuing to perform high-energy gas fracturing on the target layer through a high-energy gas fracturing device so as to expand the cracks and the crack network.
That is to say, adopt the high energy gas foam fracturing device of this application, once go into the tubular column, can carry out foam fracturing and other fracturing of high energy in proper order, and can realize twice fracturing to a target layer to make the fracturing crack have foam fracturing and high energy gas fracturing's advantage simultaneously concurrently.
The technology combines the foam fracturing technology with the high-energy gas fracturing technology, and integrates the advantages of the two technologies, wherein the fracturing fluid is changed into foam through a foaming device, the viscosity is increased, the stratum can be pressed open, wider cracks can be generated, the foam has low filtration, the liquid efficiency is high, and the foam is more stable and uniform in the cracks; associated gas in the initiated fracture can further expand the fracture formed after foam fracturing, so that the connectivity among the fractures is increased, and on the other hand, the associated gas can effectively penetrate through a pollution zone to achieve the purpose of clearing oil layer blockage.
Preferably, the high-energy gas foam fracturing process comprises the following specific steps:
the foam fracturing is to inject fracturing fluid containing a surfactant and oxygen into the high-energy gas foam fracturing device to generate the foam;
the foam fracturing the target formation to create the fractures and the fracture network, and the oxygen mixing with associated gas within the target formation;
and the high-energy gas fracturing is to ignite the high-energy gas fracturing device to detonate the associated gas and the oxygen in the fracture after the foam fracturing.
Specifically, the high-energy gas foam fracturing process of the present application is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
(1) firstly, determining a fracturing layer position, and connecting the upper end of a connecting cylinder 10 in the high-energy gas foam fracturing device to the lower part of a continuous oil pipe 8, so that the high-energy gas foam fracturing device is lowered into a target layer along with the continuous oil pipe 8.
(2) The packer 2 is positioned by using the positioner 3, the coiled tubing 8 is lifted by 1-1.2m to change the track of the packer 2, the coiled tubing 8 is lowered, downhole tools such as a centralizer are adjusted, and when the lower pressure is large, the packer 2 is already set, so that the purpose of packing is achieved.
(3) Injecting fracturing fluid containing a surfactant and oxygen through a coiled tubing 8, generating foam through a foaming mechanism 7 by the fracturing fluid, observing downhole pressure through a pressure sensor 6, generating cracks in a target layer when the pressure is higher than the fracture pressure, and mixing the foam and the oxygen with associated gas in a stratum.
(4) Through observing pressure sensor 6, reach certain degree when pressure, close valve 12, utilize electric spark ignition 5 to ignite, explode associated gas and oxygen in the crack, reach the crack and the mesh of seam that produce behind the expansion foam fracturing, reach the purpose of clearing up the oil reservoir that blocks up simultaneously.
The high-energy gas foam fracturing device is connected to 8 tail ends of continuous oil pipe, transfers to the target fracturing horizon that corresponds, can carry out fracturing to the target horizon after the packer, and the deblocking degree of difficulty is less, and convenient operation is swift.
The following describes the effect of the high-energy gas foam fracturing device and process in specific applications with reference to specific implementation cases to assist understanding of the beneficial effects of the technical scheme of the present application:
the daily average liquid production of a certain gas injection oil well in a certain oil field at the initial stage of production is 11m3And no air is injected before the high-energy gas foam fracturing construction, the liquid production amount is low, the pollution in the near-wellbore area is judged to be serious, a pressure drop funnel is generated, and the flow guide capacity is obviously reduced. The plant is carefully analyzed to decide to adopt a high-energy gas foam fracturing process to perform blockage removal and reconstruction on the well.
(1) Firstly to fracturing operation, confirm the position that needs the fracture, short circuit the high energy gas foam fracturing device of this application before coiled tubing, with coiled tubing down to the target zone utilize the sleeve pipe coupling locator to fix a position, descend coiled tubing, adjust downhole tools such as centralizer simultaneously, when the depressurization force is great, the packer has been set up this moment, has realized the packer effect.
(2) After the device is put into the fracturing fluid, starting to inject the fracturing fluid, and adding a surfactant (petroleum sulfonate), a foam stabilizer (carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum), a clay stabilizer (potassium chloride) and a crosslinking agent (borate) into the fracturing fluid; the formula system of the fracturing fluid is as follows: 0.4 to 0.5 percent
The gum comprises carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, 1-2% of petroleum sulfonate, 0.2-0.3% of potassium chloride and 0.5% of borate.
(3) The fracturing fluid is injected with oxygen, the fracturing fluid and the oxygen are mixed to pass through the foaming rubber cotton in the foaming mechanism 7, the surfactant is added into the fracturing fluid to reduce the interfacial tension of the water-based fracturing fluid, when the fracturing fluid and the oxygen pass through micro gaps in the foaming rubber cotton together, a two-phase dispersion system with the oxygen as an inner phase and the surfactant-containing fracturing fluid as an outer phase is formed, and the foaming fracturing fluid is formed.
(4) The fracture pressure of the target layer is 12.5MPa, when the pressure is higher than the fracture pressure of the stratum, the target layer is pressed out of cracks, and a large amount of associated gas is mixed with foam in the cracks. The fracturing design parameters are as follows: injection amount of fracturing fluid 275.4m3Gas injection amount 65m3Injection flow rate of 2.4m3Min, injection pressure 9.6 MPa.
(5) When the pressure of the underground pressure sensor 6 is observed to reach 12.5MPa, the injection speed is kept, the cracks are fully filled with foam, after the fracturing fluid is injected, the valve 12 on the foaming mechanism 7 is controlled to be closed by the ground, then the electric spark ignition device 5 is started on the ground, oxygen in the foam in the cracks and associated gas in the cracks are ignited and exploded, the fracturing operation of the interval is completed, the length of the cracks is averagely increased by 3.45m, and the width of the cracks is increased by 0.2 cm.
The secondary fracturing effect through foam fracturing and high-energy gas can show that the process expands the range of the fractured crack, increases the flow conductivity of the crack, further links up the connectivity between oil layers and the like, and has certain promotion, thereby achieving the purposes of enhancing the exploitation degree and improving the exploitation capacity.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely embodiments for expressing the invention, and the description is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes, substitutions of equivalents, improvements and the like can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A high energy gas foam fracturing process, comprising:
a high-energy gas foam fracturing device;
the high-energy gas foam fracturing device comprises a high-energy gas fracturing device and a foaming mechanism;
the foaming mechanism includes:
a connecting cylinder (10);
the connecting cylinder (10) is filled with a foam generating material (11);
the foam generator (11) is used for generating foam after fracturing fluid containing surfactant and oxygen pass through the connecting cylinder body (10);
the foam producer (11) is foamed rubber wool;
generating foam through the foaming mechanism so as to generate cracks and a seam network after foam fracturing is carried out on a target layer;
continuing to perform high-energy gas fracturing on the target layer through a high-energy gas fracturing device to expand the cracks and the crack network;
the foam fracturing is to inject fracturing fluid containing a surfactant and oxygen into the high-energy gas foam fracturing device to generate the foam;
the foam fractures the target formation to create fractures and a fracture network, and the oxygen is mixed with associated gas within the target formation;
and the high-energy gas fracturing is to ignite the high-energy gas fracturing device to detonate the associated gas and the oxygen in the fracture after the foam fracturing.
2. The high energy gas foam fracturing process of claim 1 wherein:
two ports of the connecting cylinder body (10) are respectively connected with a valve (12) and a porous plate (9);
the valve (12) is used for opening or closing the inlet of the connecting cylinder body (10);
the porous plate (9) is used for supporting the foam generating object (11) so as to prevent the fracturing fluid from flushing the foam generating object out of the connecting cylinder body (10).
3. The high energy gas foam fracturing process of claim 1 wherein:
the connecting cylinder (10) is connected with the pressure sensor (6);
the pressure sensor (6) is used for transmitting a pressure signal in the connecting cylinder body (10) to the ground.
4. The high energy gas foam fracturing process of claim 1 wherein:
the high-energy gas fracturing device comprises a fracturing pipe column (1);
the lower end of the foaming mechanism is connected with the fracturing string (1).
5. The high energy gas foam fracturing process of claim 4 wherein:
a perforation (4) is arranged on the fracturing pipe column (1);
the perforations (4) are arranged along the circumferential direction of the fracturing string (1), and each perforation (4) is correspondingly provided with an electric spark ignition device (5).
6. The high energy gas foam fracturing process of claim 5 wherein:
the fracturing string (1) is connected with a packer (2) and a positioner (3);
the packer (2) is used for packing a target layer;
the positioner (3) is used for positioning the fracturing string (1) to the target layer.
7. The high energy gas foam fracturing process of claim 1 wherein:
the high-energy gas foam fracturing device is lowered into the target layer through a coiled tubing (8).
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