CN112375565B - Carbon quantum dot for rapidly and sensitively detecting azithromycin, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of luminescent nano materials, and provides a preparation method and application of a carbon quantum dot for rapidly and sensitively detecting azithromycin. 3-amino thiophenol is used as a unique carbon source and a unique nitrogen source, nitrogen and sulfur double-doped carbon quantum dots N, S-CQDs are synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method, absolute ethyl alcohol is removed by rotary evaporation, insoluble substances are removed by centrifugation, unreacted precursor substances and small molecules are removed by dialysis, and N, S-CQDs solid powder is obtained by freeze drying. The fluorescence detection method determines the linear relationship between the concentration of azithromycin and the fluorescence intensity of N, S-CQDs. The labeling recovery test detects the content of azithromycin in the commercial tablets and human urine samples. The method has the advantages of low raw material cost, simple and convenient operation, strong selectivity, low detection cost, no need of expensive instruments and equipment, capability of quickly, sensitively and efficiently detecting the azithromycin content in an actual sample, and good reproducibility. Provides a brand-new method for AZM detection, and has important significance for the clinical detection of AZM.

Description

Carbon quantum dot for rapidly and sensitively detecting azithromycin, and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of luminescent nano material preparation, particularly relates to a fluorescent carbon quantum dot, and particularly relates to a carbon quantum dot for rapidly and sensitively detecting azithromycin, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Carbon quantum dots, a new type of quasi-zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, are generally spherical in shape and have various functional groups on the surface. The compound has the excellent characteristics of easy modification, excellent light resistance, low toxicity, good water solubility, adjustable Photoluminescence (PL) performance, excellent multi-photon excitation (conversion) performance, electrochemical luminescence performance and the like.

Azithromycin (AZM) is a 15-membered ring macrolide drug, a semi-synthetic erythromycin derivative, having a methyl-substituted nitrogen atom at the 9a position of the lactone ring. Azithromycin acts to inhibit bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial proteins. The azithromycin has a wide antibacterial spectrum, comprises atypical pathogens such as gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia and the like, and also comprises miniature spirochetes, so that the azithromycin is a clinically common anti-infective therapeutic drug.

A number of methods have been used to detect azithromycin, including mainly: high Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), an electrochemical method, a pre-column derivative fluorescence detection method, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), a liquid-liquid microextraction method (LLLME) and the like, and the methods have the defects of expensive instruments, low detection sensitivity, asymmetric chromatographic peak efficiency, low column efficiency, time-consuming detection and the like. The detection of the azithromycin has important significance in the aspect of guiding clinical medication, so that a method which is low in cost, short in time consumption and capable of rapidly and sensitively detecting the azithromycin is urgently needed to be developed, and a new method and a new technology are provided for clinical monitoring of the azithromycin.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a carbon quantum dot for rapidly and sensitively detecting azithromycin, and a preparation method and application thereof.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: 3-amino thiophenol is used as a unique carbon source and a unique nitrogen source, the nitrogen-sulfur double-doped carbon quantum dots N, S-CQDs are synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method, absolute ethyl alcohol is removed by rotary evaporation, insoluble substances are removed by centrifugation, unreacted precursor substances and small molecules are removed by dialysis, and the N, S-CQDs solid powder is obtained by freeze drying.

The method for rapidly and sensitively detecting the carbon quantum dots of the azithromycin comprises the following specific steps:

(1) ultrasonic dissolving 0.07 g of 3-aminothiophenol into 10 mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, placing the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting for 12 hours at 180 ℃;

(2) after the reaction is finished, naturally cooling the temperature of the reaction kettle to room temperature, removing ethanol by rotary evaporation to obtain a dark brown sticky substance, and adding 10 mL of secondary water to ultrasonically dissolve the sticky substance to obtain an orange solution;

(3) centrifuging the obtained orange solution at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes, filtering the supernatant with a 0.22 μm microporous filter, dialyzing in a 1000 Da dialysis bag for 6 hours to obtain pure nitrogen-sulfur double-doped carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying to obtain nitrogen-sulfur double-doped carbon quantum dot N, S-CQDs solid powder.

The method for detecting the azithromycin AZM by utilizing the carbon quantum dots comprises the following specific steps:

(1) preparation of N, S-CQDs stock solution: 0.1g N, adding the solid powder of S-CQDs into 10 mL of secondary water, and stirring to fully dissolve the solid powder to obtain 10 mg/mL stock solution of N, S-CQDs;

(2) preparation of AZM stock solution: accurately weighing 0.0748g of AZM solid powder, adding the AZM solid powder into 10 mL of ultrapure water, stirring and dissolving to prepare AZM stock solution with the concentration of 0.01 mol/L;

(3) obtaining a linear equation of AZM content and fluorescence intensity of N, S-CQDs: dropwise adding AZM stock solution into a solution of N, S-CQDs with the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, and recording the fluorescence intensity value of the N, S-CQDs at 528 nm at the excitation wavelength of 476 nm after each dropwise addition; linearly fitting AZM concentration and fluorescence intensity of N, S-CQDs by Origin software to obtain a linear equation: (F)₀-F)/F₀ = 0.000896 [AZM] + 0.00449，R² = 0.9934, the corresponding linear range is 2.5-32.3 [ mu ] mol/L; (F)₀-F)/F₀ = 0.00196 [AZM] - 0.0404，R² = 0.9933, the corresponding linear range is 37.2-110 μmol/L; in the formula F₀And F is the fluorescence intensity of N, S-CQDs before and after the addition of AZM, [ AZM]The lowest detection limit is 52 nmol/L, which is the molar concentration of AZM;

(4) preparing a sample to be tested: respectively dissolving the actual azithromycin medicines to be detected in ultrapure water, and preparing an actual tablet solution with the AZM concentration of 5 mumol/L for later use;

(5) measurement of recovery of AZM from the actual tablets by spiking: adding N, S-CQDs stock solution into the actual tablet solution to be detected to ensure that the concentration of N, S-CQDs in the system is 0.09 mg/mL; adding AZM standard stock solution into the mixed system, wherein the final concentration of AZM is 5 mu mol/L and 50 mu mol/L respectively, and testing the standard recovery rate of AZM in the actual tablet;

(6) measurement of recovery of AZM from urine samples on a Standard: collecting urine samples of two healthy adults, diluting 1000 times for later use; adding N, S-CQDs stock solution into the diluted urine sample to ensure that the concentration of N, S-CQDs in the system is 0.09 mg/mL; AZM standard stock solutions were added to the above mixed system at final concentrations of 5. mu. mol/L, 50. mu. mol/L and 60. mu. mol/L respectively, and the recovery of AZM in the urine samples was tested as spiked.

The fluorescence quantum yield of the N, S-CQDs is 11.96%.

Compared with other methods for detecting AZM, the method has the advantages of rapidness, effectiveness, stable performance, strong anti-interference capability, no need of expensive instruments and equipment, simple and convenient operation, low detection cost and the like, provides a brand-new method for AZM detection, and has important significance for clinical detection of AZM.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a UV absorption spectrum and fluorescence excitation emission spectrum of N, S-CQDs prepared in example 1, wherein the left line of FIG. 1A is a UV-visible absorption spectrum of N, S-CQDs, the two right lines are excitation and emission spectra of N, S-CQDs, respectively, and FIG. 1B is a UV absorption spectrum of N, S-CQDs in the range of 430-520 nm;

FIG. 2 is a graph of emission spectra of N, S-CQDs prepared in example 1 at different excitation wavelengths;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of experiments on the interference of various amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, valine, tyrosine, proline, glutamine, phenylalanine, asparagine, cysteine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, glycine, serine, tryptophan, methionine), vitamins (vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B7, vitamin B9), drugs (thiamphenicol, clarithromycin, gentamicin, doxorubicin, vancomycin, lincomycin, sulfadiazine, tinidazole, metronidazole, ornidazole, amoxicillin, ursolic acid, penicillamine, ammonium citrate, cinnamaldehyde, penicillin G sodium, cephradine, morin) with AZM detection in example 2;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change in fluorescence intensity of N, S-CQDs in the titration of N, S-CQDs solution using AZM in example 3;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the linear relationship between the AZM concentration and the fluorescence intensity of N, S-CQDs in example 3, the linear ranges are 2.5-32.3. mu.M and 37.2-110. mu.M, and the corresponding linear equations are respectivelyIs y = 0.000896x + 0.00449 (R)²= 0.9934) and y = 0.00196-0.0404 (R)² = 0.9933)。

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the time response of N, S-CQDs detecting AZM.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1: preparation and characterization of N, S-CQDs

Accurately weighing 0.07 g of 3-aminothiophenol, dissolving the 3-aminothiophenol into 10 mL of absolute ethyl alcohol by ultrasonic waves (1 minute), transferring the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting for 12 hours at 180 ℃ in a high-temperature oven;

step two, after the reaction is finished, naturally cooling the temperature of the reaction kettle to room temperature, performing rotary evaporation to remove ethanol to obtain a dark brown sticky substance, and adding 10 mL of ultrapure water for ultrasonic (15 min) to dissolve the sticky substance to obtain an orange solution;

and step three, centrifuging the solution at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes, filtering the supernatant by using a 0.22-micron microporous filter, putting the filtrate into a 1000 Da dialysis bag for dialysis treatment for 6 hours to obtain a pure nitrogen-sulfur double-doped carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying to obtain the nitrogen-sulfur double-doped carbon quantum dot solid powder.

And step four, accurately weighing 0.1g N S-CQDs solid powder, adding the solid powder into 10 mL of ultrapure water, and stirring to fully dissolve the solid powder to obtain 10 mg/mL of N, S-CQDs stock solution.

The properties are characterized in figures 1 and 2. FIG. 1 shows the ultraviolet absorption spectra of N, S-CQDs, which have three distinct absorption peaks at 215 nm, 254 nm and 353 nm, respectively, represented by pi → pi of conjugated system^*Transition, aromatic sp²Pi → pi of bond^*Transition sum C = n → pi of O^*The transition is caused; a wide absorptionThe peak is 430-520 nm and is related to surface defects caused by N and S doping; the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths for N, S-CQDs in FIG. 1 are 476 nm and 528 nm, respectively. FIG. 2 is a spectrum diagram of emission spectra of N, S-CQDs at different excitation wavelengths, and when the excitation wavelength is changed from 350 nm to 510 nm, the emission wavelength is kept between 525 nm and 537 nm, which shows that the N, S-CQDs have non-excitation wavelength dependence.

Example 2: selectivity test for azithromycin detection

Weighing amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, valine, tyrosine, proline, glutamine, phenylalanine, asparagine, cysteine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, glycine, serine, tryptophan and methionine) with different masses, adding 5 mL of ultrapure water, and preparing amino acid stock solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L;

step two, respectively weighing certain mass of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B7 and vitamin B9, adding 5 mL of ultrapure water, stirring to dissolve the ultrapure water, and preparing 0.01 mol/L B-group vitamin stock solution.

Weighing a certain mass of thiamphenicol, clarithromycin, gentamicin, adriamycin, vancomycin, lincomycin, sulfadiazine, tinidazole, metronidazole, ornidazole, amoxicillin, ursolic acid, penicillamine, ammonium citrate, cinnamaldehyde, penicillin G sodium, cefradine and morin, adding 10 mL of ultrapure water, and preparing a drug stock solution with the concentration of 0.01 mol/L.

Step four, adding 20 mu L of amino acid, B vitamins and drug stock solution into the N, S-CQDs solution (380 mu L) with the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL respectively, wherein the concentration of the amino acid, the B vitamins and the drug stock solution is 0.5 mmol/L, measuring the fluorescence intensity at the moment, and marking as F; to a solution of N, S-CQDs (380. mu.L) at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, 20. mu.L of ultrapure water was added, and the fluorescence intensity at that time was measured and recorded as F₀. The results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 3 is a selective study of N, S-CQDs on AZM detection, demonstrating that AZM detection is not interfered by amino acids, vitamins and other drugs, and N, S-CQDs have good selectivity on AZM.

Example 3: linear equation of azithromycin titration for N, S-CQDs

Step one, measuring the fluorescence intensity of 0.1 mg/mL N, S-CQDs solution, and marking as F₀；

And step two, dropwise adding the AZM stock solution into the mixture, and respectively recording the fluorescence intensity after each dropwise adding, and recording as F. The change in fluorescence intensity is shown in FIG. 4.

Step three, using Origin software, fitting the fluorescence intensity variation ((F)₀-F)/F₀) And AZM concentration, the results are shown in figure 5.

FIG. 4 shows that the fluorescence of N, S-CQDs gradually decreased with the addition of AZM, indicating that AZM has a specific quenching effect on the fluorescence of N, S-CQDs. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the linear relationship between the change in fluorescence intensity of N, S-CQDs and the concentration of AZM, and the linear equation is (F)₀-F)/F₀ = 0.000896 × [AZM]+ 0.00449 and (F)₀-F)/F₀ = 0.00196 × [AZM]0.0404, correlation coefficients 0.9934 and 0.9933, respectively, corresponding linear ranges of 2.5 to 32.3 μmol/L and 37.2 to 110 μmol/L, respectively, with a minimum detection limit of 52 nmol/L.

Example 4: response time experiment for detecting AZM by N, S-CQDs

Measuring the fluorescence intensity of a 0.1 mg/mL (2 mL) N, S-CQDs solution, wherein the fluorescence intensity of the N, S-CQDs solution is the fluorescence intensity of the N, S-CQDs at 0 min;

step two, adding 25 mu L of AZM with the concentration of 1.0 mmol/L, wherein the final concentration of the AZM is 12.35 mu mol/L, and after uniformly mixing, testing the fluorescence intensity of the mixture of the N, S-CQDs and the AZM, wherein the fluorescence intensity value is 30S;

step three, respectively testing the fluorescence intensity of the mixture of the N, S-CQDs and the AZM at 1min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 5min and 6 min, and recording the respective fluorescence intensity values;

measuring the fluorescence intensity of the N, S-CQDs solution of 0.1 mg/mL (2 mL), wherein the fluorescence intensity of the N, S-CQDs solution is the fluorescence intensity of the N, S-CQDs at 0 min;

step five, adding 135 mu L of AZM with the concentration of 1.0 mmol/L, wherein the final concentration of AZM is 63.23 mu mol/L, and after uniformly mixing, testing the fluorescence intensity of the mixture of N, S-CQDs and AZM, wherein the fluorescence intensity value is 30S;

step six, respectively testing the fluorescence intensity of the mixture of the N, S-CQDs and the AZM at 1min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 5min and 6 min, and recording the respective fluorescence intensity values;

step seven, the origin software was used to plot the time versus fluorescence intensity, and the results are shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 6 shows that the fluorescence intensity is kept stable after 30S after different concentrations of AZM are added into N, S-CQDs, which indicates that the AZM has the characteristic of quick response when the N, S-CQDs are used for detecting the AZM.

Example 5: comparison of AZM detection methods

Comparing the method provided by the invention with the existing AZM detection method, the result is as follows:

table 1: comparison of different detection methods for AZM

Table 1 illustrates: compared with a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector and a liquid-liquid microextraction-reversed-phase liquid chromatography, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the linear range is wider, and the detection limit is relatively lower; compared with a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector, the method provided by the invention is more suitable for detecting AZM with lower concentration and has lower detection limit.

The embodiment 2, the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 5 all show that the carbon quantum dot detection of azithromycin has the advantages of good selectivity, fast response and high sensitivity, and is obviously superior to the existing detection method.

Example 6: test for labeling and recovering AZM in actual tablet

Step one, purchasing Ling azithromycin tablets, Pulley azithromycin tablets and hapla azithromycin dispersible tablets from local pharmacies of Shanxi Taiyuan for later use;

step two, crushing the tablets by using a mortar, accurately weighing 0.0187 g of the crushed medicine, dissolving the medicine in 50 mL of ultrapure water by ultrasonic waves (30 min), and taking the AZM in the solution as a stock solution according to the instruction, wherein the concentration of the AZM in the solution is 0.5 mmol/L for later use;

taking 11 mu L of tablet stock solution, adding 9.989 mL of ultrapure water into the tablet stock solution, and preparing a tablet solution with the AZM concentration of 0.55 mu Mmol/L for later use;

step four, 200. mu.L of N, S-CQDs solution (1 mg/mL) was added to 2 mL of the tablet solution (0.55. mu. mol/L), and the fluorescence intensity at this time was measured and recorded as F₀；

Step five, respectively adding 5 mu mol/L or 50 mu mol/L AZM standard solution into the mixed solution, and measuring the fluorescence intensity at the moment and marking as F;

step six, mixing (F)₀-F)/F₀Substituting the linear equation to calculate the content of the detected AZM; the recovery of the AZM spiked in the three tablets was calculated compared to the original amount of AZM added.

The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows that the recovery rate of AZM in the three actual tablets is between 99.4% and 104.8%, and the relative standard deviation is less than 2.61%, which indicates that N, S-CQDs can be used for detecting AZM in the actual tablets, and the method has good reproducibility.

Table 2: results of standard recovery test of AZM in three tablets in example 6 (n = 3)

Example 7: standard recovery experiment of AZM in urine sample

Collecting urine samples of two healthy adults, and diluting the urine samples by 1000 times by using ultrapure water for later use;

step two, 200. mu.L of N, S-CQDs solution (1 mg/mL) was added to 2 mL of the diluted urine sample, and the fluorescence intensity at this time was measured and recorded as F₀；

Respectively adding 5 mu mol/L, 50 mu mol/L or 60 mu mol/L AZM standard solution into the mixed solution, and measuring the fluorescence intensity at the moment and marking as F;

step four, mixing (F)₀-F)/F₀Substituting the linear equation to calculate the content of the detected AZM; comparing with the original addition amount of AZM, calculatingThe recovery of AZM from the two urine samples was obtained as a spiked recovery.

The results are shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows that the recovery of AZM in the two urine samples was between 98.2% and 100.8% with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.46%, indicating that N, S-CQDs can be used for the detection of AZM in human urine samples with good reproducibility.

Table 3: results of the standard recovery test for AZM in two urine samples in example 7 (n = 3)

The method has the advantages of low raw material cost, simple and convenient operation, strong selectivity, low detection cost, no need of expensive instruments and equipment, capability of quickly, sensitively and efficiently detecting the azithromycin content in an actual sample, and good reproducibility. Provides a brand-new method for AZM detection, and has important significance for the clinical detection of AZM.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The method for detecting the azithromycin AZM by utilizing the carbon quantum dots is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) preparation of N, S-CQDs stock solution: 0.1g N, adding the solid powder of S-CQDs into 10 mL of secondary water, and stirring to fully dissolve the solid powder to obtain 10 mg/mL stock solution of N, S-CQDs;

(2) preparation of AZM stock solution: accurately weighing 0.0748g of AZM solid powder, adding the AZM solid powder into 10 mL of ultrapure water, stirring and dissolving to prepare AZM stock solution with the concentration of 0.01 mol/L;

(3) AZM content and N, SAcquisition of CQDs fluorescence intensity Linear equation: dropwise adding AZM stock solution into a solution of N, S-CQDs with the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, and recording the fluorescence intensity value of the N, S-CQDs at 528 nm at the excitation wavelength of 476 nm after each dropwise addition; linearly fitting AZM concentration and fluorescence intensity of N, S-CQDs by Origin software to obtain a linear equation: (F)₀-F)/F₀ = 0.000896 [AZM] + 0.00449，R² = 0.9934, the corresponding linear range is 2.5-32.3 [ mu ] mol/L; (F)₀-F)/F₀ = 0.00196 [AZM] - 0.0404，R² = 0.9933, the corresponding linear range is 37.2-110 μmol/L; in the formula F₀And F is the fluorescence intensity of N, S-CQDs before and after the addition of AZM, [ AZM]The lowest detection limit is 52 nmol/L, which is the molar concentration of AZM;

(4) preparing a sample to be tested: respectively dissolving the actual azithromycin medicines to be detected in ultrapure water, and preparing an actual tablet solution with the AZM concentration of 5 mumol/L for later use;

(5) measurement of recovery of AZM from the actual tablets by spiking: adding N, S-CQDs stock solution into the actual tablet solution to be detected to ensure that the concentration of N, S-CQDs in the system is 0.09 mg/mL; adding AZM standard stock solution into the mixed system, wherein the final concentration of AZM is 5 mu mol/L and 50 mu mol/L respectively, and testing the standard recovery rate of AZM in the actual tablet;

(6) measurement of recovery of AZM from urine samples on a Standard: collecting urine samples of two healthy adults, diluting 1000 times for later use; adding N, S-CQDs stock solution into the diluted urine sample to ensure that the concentration of N, S-CQDs in the system is 0.09 mg/mL; adding AZM standard stock solution into the mixed system, wherein the final concentrations of AZM are 5 mu mol/L, 50 mu mol/L and 60 mu mol/L respectively, and testing the standard recovery rate of AZM in the urine sample;

the carbon quantum dots are as follows: 3-amino thiophenol is used as a unique carbon source and a unique nitrogen source, nitrogen and sulfur double-doped carbon quantum dots N, S-CQDs are synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method, absolute ethyl alcohol is removed by rotary evaporation, insoluble substances are removed by centrifugation, unreacted precursor substances and small molecules are removed by dialysis, and N, S-CQDs solid powder is obtained by freeze drying;

the preparation method of the carbon quantum dot comprises the following specific steps:

(1) ultrasonic dissolving 0.07 g of 3-aminothiophenol into 10 mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, placing the mixed solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting for 12 hours at 180 ℃;

(2) after the reaction is finished, naturally cooling the temperature of the reaction kettle to room temperature, removing ethanol by rotary evaporation to obtain a dark brown sticky substance, and adding 10 mL of secondary water to ultrasonically dissolve the sticky substance to obtain an orange solution;

(3) centrifuging the obtained orange solution at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes, filtering the supernatant with a 0.22 μm microporous filter, dialyzing in a 1000 Da dialysis bag for 6 hours to obtain pure nitrogen-sulfur double-doped carbon quantum dot aqueous solution, and freeze-drying to obtain nitrogen-sulfur double-doped carbon quantum dot N, S-CQDs solid powder.

2. The method for detecting azithromycin AZM using carbon quantum dots as claimed in claim 1, wherein: dissolving the 3-aminothiophenol into absolute ethyl alcohol by ultrasonic treatment for 1 min; the dark brown dope is dissolved by adding ultrapure water and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15 min.

Images