CN112370212A - Focal length adjusting method for intraocular lens combined extraocular zooming - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a focal length adjusting method of an artificial lens combined with zooming outside an eye, which is originally invented in that the whole adjustable design is divided into an eye part and an eye part, and the large adjusting range is realized with small adjusting amplitude, the adjusting effect is good, and the limitation that the traditional artificial lens is only adjustable in the eye is broken through. The inner part of the eye is an artificial lens with a spherical surface, an aspherical surface or other optical designs, which is used for partially correcting the aberration of the human eye and has micro-adjustment capability. The extraocular part is provided with an Alvarez or other variable-focus lens with variable-focus capability, and the function similar to the natural crystalline lens can be realized by matching the extraocular part and the intraocular part, namely stepless variable focus from near to far is realized, and continuous clear vision is provided for a patient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and relates to an intraocular lens and a variable focus lens, in particular to a focal length adjusting method of intraocular lens combined with external zooming.
Background
Cataract is the first approximately blind eye disease in the world, which can cause opacity of crystalline lens and even loss of vision, so that the opacified crystalline lens needs to be removed by operation, and then an artificial crystalline lens (IOLs) is put in the opacified crystalline lens, which not only plays a role in restoring vision, but also ensures the integrity of the physiological structure of human eyes. However, most IOLs have a single focal length and cannot see things at different distances after surgery, and even though multifocal IOLs allow patients to obtain good distance and intermediate vision, detailed parts of things cannot be seen at near, and halos and glare are caused by the superposition of vision at different distances.
The natural lens has a power of +19.11D and changes in surface curvature and thickness are achieved under contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscles to achieve continuous changes in vision from near to far. Modern studies have shown that the ciliary muscle of the elderly still has most of its ability to contract after the lens is surgically removed. Many accommodating intraocular lenses (AIOLs) have emerged based on this principle, with two basic principles: one is to move the intraocular lens anteriorly and posteriorly along the optic axis under the influence of the ciliary muscle, as described in patents WO 2008/014496; another is that the compression of the ciliary muscle is transmitted through the haptics to the lens, causing its flexible surface to bulge, thereby increasing the diopter, as in patent WO 2007/067867. However, the former has a weak accommodation capacity, usually only 1-2D, much less than the natural lens; although the latter are more accommodative, the facial profile is not controllable, the specific accommodation process is difficult to predict, and these AIOLs are structurally complex and difficult to implant into the eye through small incisions (less than 3 mm). In addition, the cornea of human eye has positive spherical aberration and coma aberration, and how to balance these aberrations and how to eliminate the aberrations caused by the accommodation process is also a big difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the focal length adjusting method for the combined extraocular zooming of the intraocular lens, which has good adjusting effect and clear near, middle and far vision; the surface type of the optical part is fixed, and the adjusting process is controllable; adopts flexible materials, has simple structure and can be implanted through a small incision.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the artificial lens combined with the focus regulating method of the out-of-eye zooming consists of an intraocular regulation and an out-of-eye regulation, wherein the intraocular regulation is realized by regulating the artificial lens, and the out-of-eye regulation is realized by regulating a lens with zooming capability.
The specific adjusting method comprises the following steps: the object can be seen clearly at different distances by first fine-tuning the artificial lens and then adjusting the lens with zooming capability.
Furthermore, the way of adjusting the lens with zoom capability is manually or electrically controlled or physically controlled by the user, and the way of fine-tuning the intraocular lens is electrically controlled or physically controlled by the user.
The artificial lens has a characteristic surface shape, and the surface shape is a spherical surface or an aspherical surface or a free-form surface or a diffractive optical surface.
Furthermore, the artificial lens is a monofocal artificial lens or a multifocal artificial lens or an extended focal depth artificial lens.
Moreover, the lens with zooming capability is realized by any one of or the combination of more than two of axial movement, surface shape change, material refractive index distribution change; or the plurality of lenses are realized by any one of moving along the axial direction, moving along the direction vertical to the axial direction, changing the surface shape, changing the refractive index distribution of the material or the combination of any two or more of the above ways.
An adjustable design method of an artificial lens combined with extraocular zooming comprises the following steps:
establishing a human eye model with corneal spherical aberration;
setting object distance, setting the curvature radius of the front and back surfaces of the artificial lens and the refractive index of the material as variables, and calculating the root mean square of the distance between each light ray on the image surface and a reference point to minimize the distance;
changing the front and back surfaces of the artificial lens into facial shapes with characteristics, and setting facial shape coefficients as variables to minimize root mean square;
setting the refractive index, thickness and zooming displacement of the material of the lens with zooming capability as variables, and calculating an MTF curve to enable the imaging to be clear;
fixing other parameters, respectively setting different object distances, then setting zooming displacement as a variable, and calculating MTF curves of different object distances to enable the images to be clear;
clear vision can be obtained through the combined adjustment of the eyes and the eyes.
Moreover, the eye model is a Lion and Brennan model eye or a Gullstrand model I eye or a Gullstrand-Le Grand model eye or a Navarro model eye or an Isabel model eye.
Moreover, the lens with the zooming capability is an Alvarez zoom lens,
at least one surface of the Alvarez zoom lens is defined by the formula:
the determined lens surface type coordinate transformation matrix after rotating by an angle theta degrees around the y axis in the XOZ plane is as follows:
setting the refractive index, the thickness, the surface type coefficient A, the zooming displacement d and the inclination angle theta of the material of the Alvarez zoom lens as variables, and calculating the MTF curve of the system to enable the MTF curve to be larger than 0.2 at a position of 50-100lp/mm under a 0-degree field of view, so as to obtain the MTF curves under different object distances of 250-5000 mm;
fixing other parameters, respectively setting different object distances, then setting the zooming movement distance d as a variable, and calculating the MTF curve of the system to enable the MTF curve to be larger than 0.43 at a position of 50-100lp/mm in a 0-degree view field to obtain the MTF curves at different object distances of 250-5000 mm;
zooming is controlled by adjusting the displacement d of the Alvarez lens.
Moreover, the artificial lens is a monofocal artificial lens, and the characterization equation of the even aspheric surface of the monofocal artificial lens is as follows:
c is the curvature radius of the apex of the curved surface, k is the conic constant, anThe aspheric coefficient of the IOL's anterior surface is the 4 th order term a for the coefficients of the even higher order terms12.68E-4, IOL posterior surface aspheric coefficient 4 order term b1＝-2.68E-4。
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the large adjusting range is realized with small adjusting amplitude, and the adjusting effect is good;
since the accommodative structures are on the outermost side of the eye, the accommodative power is stronger than that of the way AIOLs are placed in the eye, in the example, it follows that the accommodative amplitude is only 3.7D, the maximum diopter 8.6D (at 250 mm) from 5000mm to 250mm outside the eye, whereas the required maximum diopter for the accommodative way of placing only Alvarez lenses in the eye is above 12D.
(2) The surface shape of the optical part outside the eye in the eye is fixed, and the adjusting process is controllable;
(3) the inner part of the eye has simple structure and can be implanted through a small incision.
Due to the separation of the zoom and aberration correction, the portion implanted into the eye can be achieved by existing minimally invasive surgery, and a too complex design cannot be implanted through a small incision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an extraocular segment, an intraocular segment, and a model eye;
FIG. 2 shows MTF (meridional) curves.
In fig. 1: 1 is an Alvarez lens group, 2 is a cornea, 3 is an iris, 4 is aqueous humor, 5 is an aspheric IOLs, 6 is a vitreous body, 7 is a retina, and theta is an inclination angle.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an adjustable design method for the combined extraocular zooming of an intraocular lens, which is originally invented in that the whole adjustable design is divided into an intraocular part and an extraocular part, and a larger adjusting range is realized with a smaller adjusting amplitude, so that the adjusting effect is good. The intrA-ocular part is an aspheric monofocal artificial lens for correcting human eye aberration, the extrA-ocular part is an Alvarez zoom lens with zooming capability, the Alvarez lens (US-A-330594) can realize zooming by two lenses moving transversely, and the function similar to A natural crystalline lens can be realized by matching the intrA-ocular part and the extrA-ocular part, namely stepless zooming from near to far is realized, and continuous and clear vision is provided for A patient.
Aspheric IOLs have good balancing ability against corneal aberrations. The even aspheric surface takes a quadric surface as a basal plane, and is superposed with even high-order terms, so that the even aspheric surface can be used for correcting spherical aberration of elements with larger calibers, such as a Schmidt correction plate. The characterization equation for an even aspheric surface is:
note: c is the curvature radius of the top point of the curved surface; k is a Conic Constant (Conic Constant); a isnCoefficients for even higher order terms.
By anThe adjustment of (2) can balance most spherical aberration of human eyes, and can play a role in eliminating coma due to symmetrical arrangement of cornea and the pupil.
The zoom function is realized by an extraocular part belonging to an Alvarez zoom lens comprising two centrosymmetrically placed lenses, at least one of which can move perpendicular to the optical axis, the basic form of which in a cartesian coordinate system is as follows:
note: a represents a surface form factor in mm-2。
To obtain a thinner lens requires subtracting a wedge amount DX while adding a constant E to ensure sufficient strength, the following equation is obtained:
when the two lenses are relatively displaced by d, the thickness formula is respectively as follows:
the formula of the combined lens is as follows:
it can be seen that the combined lens is a perfect spherical mirror, and the focal length formula is easily found as follows:
note: where n is the refractive index of the lens material.
It can be seen that the focal length is affected by A, d and n, and once the surface type and the material are determined, the focal length is only related to x.
However, due to the asymmetry of the Alvarez lens, the light on the axis and the field of view on one side cannot converge to a point, but form aberration similar to coma, and the field of view on the other side can converge to a point, so that the lens group needs to be optimized by rotating and tilting the lens group by a certain angle θ °.
The rectangular coordinate system before rotation is xyz, the Alvarez lens group rotates around the y axis by an angle theta degree (anticlockwise is positive) in the XOZ plane, and then the surface type coordinate transformation matrix of the lens after rotation is as follows:
the specific implementation mode of the invention is as follows:
(1) an eye model with corneal spherical aberration is established, and the model eye in the embodiment adopts an established 60-year-old national eye model (Chenxin, lens paradox analysis research [ D ] on the basis of an optical model of the eye, Nanjing post and telecommunications university, 2019.), and is more in line with the requirements of the nation. Parameters as shown in table 2, other eye models, such as Lion and Brennan model eyes, may also be used.
(2) Setting the object distance to be 250mm (simulating near vision, and other object distances are also possible, wherein the 250mm is only used as an initial structure); the natural crystalline lens is replaced by a spherical IOL, the curvature radius of the front and back surfaces (the absolute value of the curvature radius of the front and back surfaces is the same) and the refractive index of the material are set as variables, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) of the distance between each ray on the image plane and a reference point (the geometric center of a principal ray or a diffuse spot) is calculated to be the minimum.
(3) The front and back surfaces of the IOL are changed to even aspheric surfaces, and the aspheric surface coefficients are set as variables to minimize RMS, in this embodiment, the 4 th order aspheric surface coefficients are set as variables, and the relevant parameters are shown in table 1.
(4) The extra-ocular segment is added, the refractive index, thickness, surface type coefficient a, zoom displacement d and inclination angle θ (rotation surface is x0z surface, and counterclockwise is positive) of the lens material are set as variables, the MTF curve (modulation transfer function) of the system is calculated to be greater than 0.2 at 100lp/mm in the field of view of 0 degree, and the optimized result in the embodiment is shown in table 1.
(5) Fixing other parameters, respectively setting different object distances, then setting a zooming movement distance d as a variable, and calculating an MTF curve of the system to enable the MTF curve to be larger than 0.43 at a position of 100lp/mm in a 0-degree view field to obtain the MTF curves at different object distances; 250mm, 750mm (simulated working distance) and 5000mm (simulated distance vision) in this example, the relevant data is shown in table 3 (the data below are for the central 0 degree field of view).
TABLE 1250 mm object distance Alvarez lens parameters
TABLE 2 60 year old national eye model-related parameters loaded with aspheric IOLs
Note: the wavelength of the incident light is lambda 546nm, and the pupil diameter D is 3 mm.
TABLE 3 MTF values at 100lp/mm for eye models of different object distances
When the patient actually uses the device, the patient can see objects at different distances only by adjusting the displacement d of the Alvarez lens.
The intraocular part of the invention is not only aspheric single focus IOLs, but also IOLs capable of realizing human eye aberration correction. The zoom principle of the extra-ocular part may also be other principles such as lens axial movement zoom and liquid crystal zoom. The intraocular and extraocular portions are integral and together provide aberration reduction and diopter power to the human eye. The intraocular part and the extraocular part should not be designed separately, and they constitute a system with the human eye at the time of design. Other eye models (e.g., Lion and Brennan model eyes), materials, and similar structures that achieve the optical effects of the present example are considered to be part of the present invention as taught by the present invention.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for adjusting the focal length of an intraocular lens in conjunction with extra-ocular zooming, comprising: the intraocular accommodation is realized by adjusting an artificial lens, and the extraocular accommodation is realized by adjusting a lens with a zooming capability.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the object can be seen clearly at different distances by first fine-tuning the artificial lens and then adjusting the lens with zooming capability.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the way of adjusting the lens with zoom capability is manually or electrically controlled or physically controlled by the user, and the way of fine-tuning the intraocular lens is electrically controlled or physically controlled by the user.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the artificial lens has a characteristic surface shape, and the surface shape is a spherical surface or an aspherical surface or a free-form surface or a diffractive optical surface.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the artificial lens is a monofocal artificial lens or a multifocal artificial lens or an extended focal depth artificial lens.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the lens with the zooming capability is realized by any one of or the combination of more than two of axial movement, axial movement perpendicular to the axis, surface shape change and material refractive index distribution change of a single lens; or the plurality of lenses are realized by any one of moving along the axial direction, moving along the direction vertical to the axial direction, changing the surface shape, changing the refractive index distribution of the material or the combination of any two or more of the above ways.
7. An adjustable design method for the combined extraocular zoom of an intraocular lens is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
establishing a human eye model with corneal spherical aberration;
setting object distance, setting the curvature radius of the front and back surfaces of the artificial lens and the refractive index of the material as variables, and calculating the root mean square of the distance between each light ray on the image surface and a reference point to minimize the distance;
changing the front and back surfaces of the artificial lens into facial shapes with characteristics, and setting facial shape coefficients as variables to minimize root mean square;
setting the refractive index, thickness and zooming displacement of the material of the lens with zooming capability as variables, and calculating an MTF curve to enable the imaging to be clear;
fixing other parameters, respectively setting different object distances, then setting zooming displacement as a variable, and calculating MTF curves of different object distances to enable the images to be clear;
clear vision can be obtained through the combined adjustment of the eyes and the eyes.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the eye model is a Lion and Brennan model eye or a Gullstrand model eye I or a Gullstrand-Le Grand model eye or a Navarro model eye or an Isabel model eye.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein: the lens with zooming capability is an Alvarez zoom lens,
at least one surface of the Alvarez zoom lens is defined by the formula:
the determined lens surface type coordinate transformation matrix after rotating by an angle theta degrees around the y axis in the XOZ plane is as follows:
setting the refractive index, the thickness, the surface type coefficient A, the zooming displacement d and the inclination angle theta of the material of the Alvarez zoom lens as variables, and calculating the MTF curve of the system to enable the MTF curve to be larger than 0.2 at a position of 50-100lp/mm under a 0-degree field of view, so as to obtain the MTF curves under different object distances of 250-5000 mm;
fixing other parameters, respectively setting different object distances, then setting the zooming movement distance d as a variable, and calculating the MTF curve of the system to enable the MTF curve to be larger than 0.43 at a position of 50-100lp/mm in a 0-degree view field to obtain the MTF curves at different object distances of 250-5000 mm;
zooming is controlled by adjusting the displacement d of the Alvarez lens.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein: the artificial lens is a monofocal artificial lens, and the characterization equation of the even aspheric surface of the monofocal artificial lens is as follows:
c is the curvature radius of the apex of the curved surface, k is the conic constant, anThe aspheric coefficient of the IOL's anterior surface is the 4 th order term a for the coefficients of the even higher order terms12.68E-4, IOL posterior surface aspheric coefficient 4 order term b1＝-2.68E-4。
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