CN112368778A

CN112368778A - Method and use for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy

Info

Publication number: CN112368778A
Application number: CN201980040845.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: R·C·吉里贾瓦拉巴罕; M·S·费拉拉; J·A·拉约伊; S·希里尔; S·弗莱明; A·C·马塔布
Original assignee: Becton Dickinson and Co
Current assignee: Becton Dickinson and Co
Priority date: 2018-05-17
Filing date: 2019-05-09
Publication date: 2021-02-12
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-09
Also published as: JP7325450B2; WO2019222028A1; CN112368778B; JP2021524313A; CA3099453A1; AU2019270911A1

Abstract

Computer-implemented methods and applications for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy to a user are described. In one example, a computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy includes: displaying a main menu including a plurality of person profiles on a display of the machine; the machine prompts the user to select one of the plurality of personal profiles; the machine prompts the user to select an insertion site from a plurality of insertion sites on the appendage of the person based on the selected personal profile; the machine prompts a user to select a first product category from a plurality of product categories; and the machine prompts the user to select a first product of the plurality of products in the first product category that is a most appropriate product of the plurality of products based at least in part on the selected personal profile.

Description

Method and use for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy

Technical Field

The present application relates generally to systems, methods and applications for proper placement of peripheral IV catheters required for treatment of hospital patients, and for proper placement, access, care and maintenance of peripheral IV catheters. More particularly, the present application relates to systems, methods and applications for providing educational guidance for proper placement of peripheral IV catheters required for treatment of hospital patients.

Background

Peripheral IV catheter placement is the most common invasive hospital procedure and is required for up to 90% of hospitalized patients. Clinical criteria recommend removal of IV at the time of clinical indication; however, due to complications associated with IV catheter placement (compliance), as much as 50% of the placed IV catheter is removed earlier than expected. These IV complications are a heavy burden on the medical system, and it would be beneficial to provide systems and methods for preventing and avoiding such complications.

Disclosure of Invention

The present disclosure addresses some of those aforementioned problems and burdens. In one aspect, a computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy includes displaying a main menu including a plurality of human profiles on a display of a machine. The machine prompts the user to select a personal profile of the plurality of personal profiles. The machine prompts the user to select an insertion site from a plurality of insertion sites on the appendage of the person for inserting the IV catheter based on the selected person profile. The machine instructs the user to position a decal operably coupled to the machine at a selected insertion site on the appendage of the human. A user interface is displayed on the display indicating placement of the sticker at the selected insertion site. In certain embodiments, the machine is programmed to know a preferred insertion site of the plurality of insertion sites. In an alternative embodiment, the machine determines whether the selected insertion site is a preferred insertion site or a non-preferred insertion site.

In another aspect, a computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance to a user for peripheral IV therapy includes: a request to initiate a learning procedure is received by the machine from a user and a main menu including a plurality of person profiles is displayed on a display of the machine. The machine prompts the user to select a first person profile of the plurality of person profiles. Based on the first person profile, a plurality of insertion sites on the appendage of the person for inserting the IV are displayed on the display, wherein the plurality of insertion sites includes a preferred insertion site and a non-preferred insertion site. The machine prompts the user to select a first insertion site from a plurality of insertion sites on the human appendage for insertion of the IV catheter. The machine instructs the user to position a sticker operably coupled to the machine on an appendage of the person corresponding to the selected insertion site. In certain embodiments, the machine is programmed to know a preferred insertion site and a non-preferred insertion site of the plurality of insertion sites. In an alternative embodiment, the machine determines that the selected insertion site is a non-preferred insertion site.

In another aspect, a computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance to a user regarding peripheral IV therapy includes: a request to initiate a learning procedure is received by a machine from a user. A plurality of insertion sites for inserting an IV on an appendage of a human are displayed on a display of a machine, wherein the plurality of insertion sites includes a preferred insertion site and a non-preferred insertion site. The machine prompts the user to select a first insertion site from the plurality of insertion sites. The machine instructs the user to place a sticker operably coupled to the machine on an appendage of the person corresponding to the selected insertion site. In certain embodiments, the machine is programmed to know a preferred insertion site and a non-preferred insertion site of the plurality of insertion sites. In an alternative embodiment, the machine determines that the selected insertion site is a non-preferred insertion site. The machine then displays information about the selected insertion site on a display.

In another aspect, a computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy includes displaying a main menu including a plurality of human profiles on a display of a machine. The machine prompts the user to select one of a plurality of personal profiles. The machine then prompts the user to select an insertion site from a plurality of insertion sites on the appendage of the person based on the selected person profile. The machine prompts a user to select a first product category from a plurality of product categories. The machine prompts the user to select a first product of the plurality of products in a first product category that is a most appropriate product of the plurality of products based at least in part on the selected person profile.

In another aspect, a system for providing educational guidance regarding vascular access management includes a sticker and a machine operably coupled to the sticker. The machine includes a camera device, wherein the camera device is configured to generate an image of the sticker by adhering the sticker to an appendage of a patient at an insertion site and aligning the machine with the sticker. The processor is operatively coupled to the camera device. The processor is configured to determine whether the sticker is located at a preferred insertion site or a non-preferred insertion site on the appendage of the patient and generate a graphical representation of the appendage of the patient displayed at the insertion site on a display of the machine to initiate an educational guidance mode of the machine.

In another aspect, a computer-implemented method for initiating an educational guidance mode on a machine includes instructing, by the machine, a user to place a sticker on a first insertion site of a plurality of potential insertion sites on an appendage of a patient, and interacting with the sticker via the machine to initiate the educational guidance mode on a computing device. In one embodiment, a machine generates a representative image of an appendage of a patient and displays the representative image on a display of the machine. In one embodiment, during the educational guidance mode, the machine determines whether the first insertion site is a preferred insertion site or a non-preferred insertion site. The machine then prompts the user to learn more information about the potential complications and risk factors associated with the selected insertion site.

In another aspect, a method for initiating an educational guidance mode on a machine includes receiving, by the machine, a request from a user to initiate a result-based learning program; presenting a plurality of patient profiles to a user via a display of a machine; querying, by the machine, the user to select a first patient profile of the plurality of patient profiles presented on the display; after the user selects the first patient profile, prompting, by the machine, the user to select an insertion site from a plurality of potential insertion sites on the appendage of the patient for insertion of the intravenous catheter; and instructing, by the machine, the user to select one or more appropriate products required for proper insertion of the IV catheter into the appendage of the patient at the first insertion site based at least in part on the first patient profile.

In another aspect, a computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy includes displaying a main menu including a plurality of patient profiles on a display of a machine; the machine prompts the user to select a patient profile from a plurality of patient profiles; prompting, by the machine, the user to select an insertion site from a plurality of insertion sites on the appendage of the patient for insertion of the IV catheter based on the selected patient profile; instructing, by the machine, a user to position a sticker operably coupled to the machine at a selected insertion site on the patient appendage; displaying a user interface on the display indicating placement of the sticker at the selected insertion site; and determining by the machine whether the selected insertion site is a preferred insertion site or a non-preferred insertion site. In such a method, if the selected insertion site is a non-preferred insertion site, the method may further comprise: rendering, by a processing device of a machine, a first graphical image of the selected insertion site; displaying a first graphical image on a display; and displaying one or more complications associated with the selected insertion site on the display. The method may further include prompting the user to select one of the one or more complications to obtain more information about the selected complication, and rendering, by a processing device of the machine, a second graphical image of the patient's arm indicative of the selected complication. The method may further include displaying a second graphical image on the display on a user interface, wherein the user interface includes informational text indicating the definition of the selected complication and an indication of a risk associated with the selected complication. In the method, the user interface may further include additional graphical images illustrating one or more effects of the selected complication. In the above-referenced method, if the selected insertion site is the preferred insertion site, the method may further include rendering, by a processing device of the machine, a graphical image of the selected insertion site and displaying on a display on a user interface a graphical image indicating that the user correctly selected the preferred insertion site. In that method, the user interface may also include informational text indicating to the user why the selected insertion site is the preferred insertion site for the peripheral IV catheter. The method may further include displaying a user interface on the display indicating placement of the sticker at the preferred insertion site, and querying the user by the machine whether the user is interested in learning more information about proper peripheral IV therapy by properly positioning the sticker at the preferred insertion site. That method may further include querying, by the machine, the user as to whether the user is interested in learning more information about proper peripheral IV therapy; prompting, by the machine, the user to select one of a plurality of learning topics displayed on the display, under an indication that the user is interested in learning more information about the appropriate peripheral IV therapy; and providing information on the selected learning topic on the display. Such a method may further include the one or more learning topics including consideration of proper IV catheter selection, guidance information for proper insertion of the IV catheter, and guidance information for proper access and maintenance of the IV catheter, and may include providing (e.g., on a display) information about the selected learning topic including displaying a video on the display illustrating best practices related to the selected learning topic of the one or more learning topics.

In another aspect, a computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance to a user regarding peripheral IV therapy may include receiving, by a machine, a request from a user to initiate a learning program; displaying a main menu including a plurality of patient profiles on a display of the machine; prompting a user to select a first patient profile of a plurality of patient profiles; displaying, on a display, a plurality of insertion sites on an appendage of a patient for inserting an IV, based on a first patient profile, wherein the plurality of insertion sites includes a preferred insertion site and a non-preferred insertion site; prompting, by the machine, a user to select a first insertion site from a plurality of insertion sites on an appendage of a patient for insertion of an IV catheter; instructing, by the machine, a user to place a sticker operably coupled to the machine on the patient appendage corresponding to the selected insertion site; and determining by the machine that the selected insertion site is a non-preferred insertion site. The method may further include rendering, by a processing device of the machine, a first graphical image of the selected insertion site; displaying a user interface on the display including a first graphical image indicating placement of the decal at the selected insertion site; and displaying one or more complications associated with the selected insertion site on the display. The method may further include causing the user interface to provide informational text indicating a definition of at least one complication and an indication of a risk associated with the at least one complication, and/or additional graphical images illustrating one or more effects of the at least one complication.

In another aspect, a computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance to a user regarding peripheral IV therapy may include receiving, by a machine, a request from a user to initiate a learning program; displaying, on a display of a machine, a plurality of insertion sites on an appendage of a patient for inserting an IV, wherein the plurality of insertion sites include a preferred insertion site and a non-preferred insertion site; prompting, by the machine, a user to select a first insertion site from a plurality of insertion sites; instructing, by the machine, a user to position a sticker operably coupled to the machine on an appendage of the patient corresponding to the selected insertion site; determining, by the machine, the selected insertion site as a non-preferred insertion site; and displaying information on the selected insertion site on the display. The method may further include rendering, by a processing device of the machine, a first graphical image of the selected insertion site; displaying a first graphical image on a display; and displaying one or more complications associated with the selected non-preferred insertion site on the display. The method may further comprise prompting the user to select a complication from the one or more complications to obtain further information about the selected complication; and rendering, by a processing device of the machine, a second graphical image of the patient's arm indicative of the selected complication. That method may further include displaying a second graphical image on the display on a user interface, wherein the user interface includes informational text indicating the definition of the selected complication and an indication of a risk associated with the selected complication. The user interface may also include additional graphical images illustrating one or more effects of the selected complications. The above method may additionally comprise the steps of: prior to displaying a plurality of insertion sites on an appendage of a patient for inserting an IV on a display of a machine, displaying a main menu including a plurality of patient profiles on the display; prompting a user to select a first patient profile of a plurality of patient profiles; and displaying, on the display, a plurality of insertion sites on the appendage of the patient for inserting the IV based on the first patient profile. The above method may additionally comprise the steps of: querying, by the machine, the user whether the user is interested in learning more information about proper peripheral IV therapy; determining, by the machine, that the user is interested in learning more information about the appropriate peripheral IV therapy; prompting, by the machine, a user to select one of a plurality of learning topics displayed on a display; and providing information on the selected learning topic on the display.

In another aspect, a system for providing educational guidance regarding vascular access management may include a sticker; and a machine operably coupled to the sticker, the machine comprising: a camera device, wherein, with the decal adhered to the appendage of the patient at the insertion site and the machine aligned with the decal, the camera device is configured to generate an image of the decal; and a processor operatively coupled to the camera device, the processor configured to determine whether the sticker is positioned at a preferred insertion site or a non-preferred insertion site on the appendage of the patient, and generate a graphical representation of the appendage of the patient at the insertion site for display on a display of the machine to initiate an educational guidance mode of the machine. The sticker of that system may include a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface including a key centered on the first surface, one or more indicia on the first surface located at or near respective corners of the sticker, and an arrow on the first surface located along a bottom edge of the sticker. The sticker of that system may include an image of the arm of the patient indicating multiple insertion sites for the IV catheter. The machine of that system may include rendering circuitry configured to render one or more images of the digital insertion site by rendering one or more graphical images corresponding to the data items associated with the insertion site. The machine may include a mobile device.

In another aspect, a computer-implemented method for initiating an educational guidance mode on a machine may include instructing, by the machine, a user to place a sticker on a patient's appendage at a first insertion site of a plurality of potential insertion sites; interacting with the sticker via the machine to initiate an educational guidance mode on the computing device. In that method, by the user holding the machine over the sticker, the method may further include generating, by the machine, a representative image of the appendage of the patient and displaying the representative image on a display of the machine. The method may further include determining, by the machine during the educational guidance mode, whether the first insertion site is a preferred insertion site or a non-preferred insertion site. Such a method may also include prompting (via the machine) the user to learn more information about potential complications and risk factors associated with the selected insertion site.

In another aspect, a method for initiating an educational guidance mode on a machine may include receiving, by the machine, a request from a user to initiate a result-based learning program; presenting a plurality of patient profiles to a user via a display of a machine; querying, by the machine, the user to select a first patient profile of the plurality of patient profiles presented on the display; after the user selects the first patient profile, prompting, by the machine, the user to select an insertion site from a plurality of potential insertion sites on the appendage of the patient for insertion of the IV catheter; and instructing, by the machine, the user to select, based at least in part on the first patient profile, one or more appropriate products required for proper insertion of the IV catheter into the appendage of the patient at the first insertion site. In the method, instructing the user (by the machine) to select the appropriate product or products required for proper insertion of the IV catheter into the appendage of the patient at the first insertion site may further include displaying available products on the display; and instructs the user to select one or more appropriate products for use in the correct order from the available products. In the method, instructing the user to select one or more appropriate ones of the available products for use in a correct order may include prompting, by the machine, the user to select an appropriate catheter from the plurality of catheters for the first patient profile; prompting, by the machine, a user to select an appropriate procedure to prepare a first insertion site for insertion of the catheter; prompting, by the machine, a user to select an appropriate connector from the plurality of connectors; prompting, by the machine, a user to select an appropriate dressing from a plurality of dressing selections; and prompting, by the machine, a user to determine whether extension of the kit is required; wherein the method may further comprise prompting, by the machine, the user to proceed with the line access procedure, wherein, during the line access procedure, the machine prompts the user to place the plurality of procedure steps at the numbered procedure step locations, and may further comprise prompting, by the machine, the user to construct the catheter with the selected one or more appropriate products, scrub the needle hub, flush the IV catheter, and administer the example medication; and displaying results of the plurality of selections made by the user on the display. If each of the plurality of selections is correct, the method may include displaying a congratulatory response to the positive reinforcement on the display, but if one or more of the plurality of selections is incorrect, the method may include instructing, by the machine, the user to position a sticker operatively coupled to the machine at the selected insertion site; and prompting, by the machine, a user to place the machine over the sticker to view one or more complications associated with improper selection of the insertion site on the display. Then, if one or more of the selections are incorrect, the method may additionally include prompting, by the machine, the user to continue the educational guidance mode; and prompting, by the machine, the user to reselect at least one of: the location of an incorrectly selected product or a non-sequential step in the line access process. And, the method may further include determining, by the machine, that the user selected the correct product and correctly located the line access process step in sequence; determining, by the machine, that the user is interested in learning more information about peripheral IV therapy; and a link to the site is provided by the machine to the user to learn more about peripheral IV therapy.

In another aspect, a method for providing an educational guidance mode on a machine may include prompting, by the machine, a user to select an insertion site from a plurality of potential insertion sites on an appendage of a patient for insertion of an IV catheter; instructing, by the machine, the user to select, from a plurality of product categories, a first product category required to properly insert the IV catheter into the appendage of the patient at the insertion site; instructing, by the machine, the user to select a correct product from the first product category based at least in part on the patient's profile; and displaying the selected product on a display of the machine. That method may further comprise: instructing, by the machine, the user to select, from a plurality of product categories, a second product category required to properly insert the intravenous catheter into the appendage of the patient at the insertion site; instructing, by the machine, the user to select a second correct product from the second product category based at least in part on the patient's profile; and displaying the second selected product on a display of the machine. Alternatively, the method may include determining, by the machine, that the selected product is not the correct product; and displaying one or more complications associated with improper selection of the correct product on the display.

Drawings

The detailed description is described with reference to non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example system for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy using a results-based learning (CBL) program, in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 2 illustrates select components of an example machine in accordance with various embodiments;

3A-3C illustrate example methods for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy using a results-based learning (CBL) program, in accordance with various embodiments;

fig. 4 is an example method for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy using a result-based learning (CBL) program, in accordance with various embodiments;

5-27 are example user interfaces displayed on an example machine during the method of FIG. 4, in accordance with various embodiments;

fig. 28 is an example method for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy using a result-based learning (CBL) program, in accordance with various embodiments;

29-57 are example user interfaces displayed on an example machine during the method of FIG. 28, in accordance with various embodiments; and

FIG. 58 is an example machine for use with systems, methods, and applications in accordance with various embodiments.

Detailed Description

Various embodiments are described below with reference to the drawings, wherein like elements are generally referred to by like numerals. The relationship and functioning of the various elements of the embodiments are better understood by referring to the detailed description that follows. However, the embodiments are not limited to those shown in the drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale and that, in some instances, details that are not necessary for an understanding of the embodiments disclosed herein, such as, for example, conventional fabrication and assembly, may have been omitted.

The present invention is defined by the claims, may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the enabling disclosure to those skilled in the art. As used in this specification and the claims, the singular form of "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The present disclosure is directed to any industry standard (e.g.,ASTM、 ANSI、IEEEstandards) are defined to conform to the standards currently promulgated by the original release date of the present disclosure with respect to the unit, measurement, and test criteria conveyed by those standards, unless expressly defined otherwise herein. The terms "proximal" and "distal" are used herein in the usual sense, in which they refer to the handle/physician end of the device or related object and the tool/patient end of the device or related object, respectively. The terms "about," "substantially," "generally," and other terms of degree, when used in relation to any volume, dimension, proportion, or other quantitative or qualitative value, are intended to convey certain and identifiable values within the standard parameters that would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art (equivalent to a medical device engineer with experience in this field), and should be interpreted to include at least any legal equivalents, minor but functionally insignificant variations, standard manufacturing tolerances, and to include at least mathematically significant digits (but not as broadly as required by the broadest scope thereof).

In example embodiments described herein, a computing device provides a results-based learning (CBL) application to provide educational guidance to a user for appropriate peripheral IV therapy. With CBL applications, the user is prompted to select from a list that includes one or more optimal, correct, or most appropriate responses or selections and one or more sub-optimal, incorrect, or inappropriate responses or selections. Once the learning process is complete, the user is informed of the consequences of making a proper or improper selection during the learning process. In some embodiments, the user is allowed to select a path for optimal and/or suboptimal selection throughout the learning procedure without knowing the optimal path until the results are displayed to the user. The result will allow the user to view best practice information and complications based on augmented reality, mixed reality, and/or virtual reality applications. In addition, learning applications provide training regarding the important aspects of proper peripheral IV therapy, such as the importance of proper selection of insertion sites and the impact of improper selection of insertion sites on complications and intended therapy, precautions for proper selection of IV catheters, and issues related to proper insertion, access, and maintenance of IV catheters.

In an example embodiment, a method for providing an educational guidance mode on a machine includes prompting, by the machine, a user to select an insertion site from a plurality of potential insertion sites on an appendage of a human for inserting an IV catheter, instructing, by the machine, the user to select, from a plurality of product categories, a first product category required for properly inserting the IV catheter into the appendage of the human at the insertion site, instructing, by the machine, the user to select, based at least in part on a human profile of the human, a most appropriate product from the first product category, and displaying the selected product on a display of the machine. The method may further include, but is not limited to, instructing, by the machine, the user to select a second product category from the plurality of product categories that is required to ensure adequate skin antibiosis, to enable access to the IV catheter line for properly inserting the IV catheter into the appendage of the person at the insertion site, and/or for properly maintaining the IV catheter in the appendage of the person. The method may also include instructing, for example by the machine, the user to select a second most appropriate product from a second product category based at least in part on the human profile of the human and displaying the second selected product on a display of the machine. The method may also include determining, by the machine, that the selected product is not the most appropriate product, and displaying, on the display, one or more complications associated with the improper selection of the product.

Referring now to the drawings, fig. 1 schematically illustrates a system 40 for vascular access management, the system 40 including a sticker 50, such as an Augmented Reality (AR) sticker or a Virtual Reality (VR) sticker, and a machine 100, such as an electronic device or computing device, e.g., a mobile phone or any suitable mobile device, operatively coupled to the sticker 50, as described herein. In an example embodiment, with the decal 50 stuck to the human arm at the selected insertion site and the machine 100 aligned with the decal 50 (e.g., positioned on the decal 50 such that the camera device of the machine 100 is positioned to capture or generate an image of the decal) as described herein, the system 40 is configured to superimpose the computer-generated image on a display of the machine 100, e.g., on a display of the user's mobile phone; thus, a composite view is provided. In alternative example embodiments, the system 40 is configured to display a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional image or environment on the machine 100 that may be interacted with in a seemingly realistic or physical manner by a person using the machine 100 and/or other electronic components operatively coupled to the machine 100.

As shown in fig. 1, the decal 50 includes a key 52 centrally located on a first or outer surface 53 of the decal 50, one or more indicia 54 located at or near respective corners 56 of the decal 50, and an arrow 58 located along a first or bottom edge 60 of the decal 50. The decal 50 also includes an image 62 of a person's arm indicating a potential insertion site for the IV catheter. For example, the sticker 50 may indicate a hand insertion site, a wrist insertion site, and a pre-elbow insertion site. The system 40 may include one or more additional stickers 50, such as additional stickers 50 not shown in FIG. 1, having the same or similar keys 52, indicia 54, and/or images 62 of a person's arm; however, the additional decal 50 indicates a potential insertion site for an IV catheter that is different from the potential insertion site for the decal 50 shown in FIG. 1. For example, the attachment decal 50 may indicate the forearm insertion site. A second or bottom surface 64 of the decal 50 opposite the outer surface 53 includes a suitable adhesive to adhere the decal 50 to a surface such as a person's skin. During the methods described herein, the decal 50 is positioned at a user-selected insertion site and in some embodiments the decal 50 is adhered to a person's skin, with the arrow 58 aligned in a distal direction along the person's arm (i.e., in a direction toward the person's finger). More specifically, a person (e.g., a user) selects an insertion site at which the user believes the IV catheter should be inserted and places the decal 50 on the person's arm at the selected insertion site.

By placing the decal 50 at one of the insertion sites, the machine 100 interacts with the decal 50 to initiate an educational guidance mode or application on the machine 100. The user selects a corresponding insertion site from the display 70 on the machine 100 during the augmented reality application. While the user holds the machine 100 over the sticker 50, a representative image of a person's arm is displayed on the display 70. In an example embodiment, during an educational instruction mode or application, such as described herein, the machine 100 is configured or programmed to know preferred insertion sites and non-preferred insertion sites. In addition, the user is prompted to learn more information about the potential complications and risk factors associated with the selected insertion site, whether it is a preferred insertion site or a non-preferred insertion site. Non-invasive, but inherent learning experience provides information about the importance of proper insertion, access and maintenance of IV catheters. The systems, methods, and applications described herein provide an augmented reality application that allows a user to visualize these complications to educate the user about their impact on clinical and, in certain embodiments, economic outcomes.

Fig. 2 illustrates at least a portion of an example machine 100 (e.g., an electronic or computing device, such as a user's mobile phone or other suitable mobile device) for initiating an educational guidance mode or application configured in accordance with various embodiments. In various embodiments, the machine 100 includes rendering circuitry 102, network interface circuitry 104, a memory device 106, a display device 108, and user interface circuitry 110. The machine 100 may also include one or more processing devices, such as the one or more processors 702 shown in fig. 58, that implement portions of the various circuitry elements (e.g., rendering circuitry 102, network interface circuitry 104, and user interface circuitry 110) in conjunction with instructions stored in the memory device 106 or instructions received via the network interface circuitry 104. Rendering circuitry 102 may be communicatively coupled to network interface circuitry 104, memory device 106, display device 108, and user interface circuitry 110 to receive data and instructions from and send data and instructions to the various components. The display device 108 may also be communicatively coupled to user interface circuitry 110 to provide visual aspects of the user interface.

In certain example embodiments, the network interface circuitry 104 communicates with external devices, such as the server 112, via a network 114, such as the Internet. The user interface circuitry 110 may include various input components and output components to enable a user to interact with the machine 100 to control the display of the human arm at or near the insertion site. The display device 108 may be integral with the machine 100 or may be otherwise connected to the machine 100. Display device 108 may include any suitable type of display, such as display 70, including, for example, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display, an electrowetting display (EWD), or another suitable or common display type. According to various embodiments, the display device 108 provides a rendered image of the insertion site.

Rendering circuitry 102 may render an image of the digital insertion site by rendering one or more graphical images corresponding to data items within or associated with the selected insertion site. The data items may correspond to a number of different aspects or elements within the insertion site. For example, the data items within the insertion site may include biological aspects of the insertion site, such as bone or muscular system aspects (e.g., bone, ligaments, muscles, and/or tendons), and vasculature aspects (including, for example, blood vessels, such as arteries, veins, and/or capillaries). The data items may also include other aspects, such as scars appearing on the skin of the person. In an example embodiment, the machine includes suitable actuators, such as one or more slider buttons, configured to provide and manipulate the augmented reality aspects of the disclosed embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the machine is configured to provide data items such as varying skin tone (e.g., indicating irritation, inflammation, and/or infection), varying depth of a person's vasculature, and/or time-lapse images of complications that appear and progress when the user manipulates the slider button.

The data items may also include text and classification items appropriate for individual points at or near the insertion site, a structure or region at or near the insertion site, or the entire region around the insertion site. The text and classification items may include tags, titles, points of interest, boundaries, and the like. Each type of data item discussed above may represent a different data category or data type within the insertion site. For example, there may be different categories or types of data for bone, muscle, and vascular aspects around and/or within the insertion site. According to various embodiments, they are combined together, either individually or within a view of the insertion site, with different levels of detail being provided with respect to these different categories of data.

Data for various aspects of the insertion site may be stored on server 112 and may be received by machine 100 via network 114, such as, for example, the internet using hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). Alternatively, data for various aspects of the insertion site may reside on a computer-readable medium, such as the memory 106 or another computer-readable medium (e.g., a flash drive, an SD card, a micro SD card, a compact flash card, a compact disc, etc.) that may be coupled to (e.g., directly coupled to) and read by the machine 100. For a given insertion site, there may be different aspects for different zoom levels. For example, at the lowest zoom level (e.g., zoom level 1), the entire person's arm may be shown. However, at the next zoom level (e.g., zoom level 2), a larger image of the area of the person's arm surrounding the insertion site is shown. For each zoom level, different and/or additional data may be shown in the image. For example, as the zoom level increases, additional detail data may be added to each image. Many variations of data are possible, and the amount and type of data stored for each insertion site at various zoom levels may be varied as appropriate in different application settings.

Rendering circuitry 102 may request various aspects associated with the user-selected insertion site displayed on display device 108. For example, rendering circuitry 102 may request data associated with the selected insertion site for displaying an image of the insertion site on display device 108. Rendering circuitry 102 may request a particular aspect by name or identification via network interface circuitry 104, or may convey the boundaries of the view of the insertion site and request all aspects therein. The network interface circuitry 104 may then receive the data via the network 114 and may provide the data to the rendering circuitry 102 or directly to the memory device 106. Rendering circuitry 102 may also store the received aspects in memory device 106. Alternatively, the data may be stored on a computer-readable medium (e.g., an SD card or flash drive) coupled to the machine 100 or otherwise provided to the machine 100.

In some embodiments, a user may interact with the insert region image through user interface circuitry 110. For example, a user may use the user interface circuitry 110 to change the position of the displayed insertion site and/or may zoom in or out on the displayed insertion site. For example, if the user interface circuitry 110 includes a touch screen interface, the user may initiate a change in the displayed insertion site by touching and dragging the insertion site to change the displayed area or using a two-finger pinch or a two-finger spread to zoom in and out. This interaction with the insert part image via the user interface circuitry 110 may cause the rendering circuitry 102 to re-render all or part of the insert part image according to the same display scheme or a different display scheme to render new insert part image data.

Turning to fig. 2, user interface circuitry 110 may provide an interface to receive commands or instructions from a user to control various aspects of the displayed insertion site. In one embodiment, the user interface circuitry 110 may provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) input to enable a user to select different operations with respect to the insertion site.

In alternative example embodiments, the GUI input may not actually be displayed on the display device; however, the user interface circuitry 110 may be responsive to movement of a pointer, touchpad, touchscreen, or another input device in the direction indicated by the GUI input. For example, the user may right click a mouse and move a pointer in an associated direction to cause a change in the insertion site display (e.g., move up and down to change the zoom level, move left and right to change the level of detail). Still further, the user interface circuitry 110 may be responsive to tilting, rotating, or moving the device, which may be interpreted as a command or instruction to alter the view of the map, particularly to change the level of detail displayed. Still further, the interface circuitry 110 may be responsive to voice commands, which may be interpreted as commands or instructions to alter the view of the insertion site. In other approaches, the interface circuitry 110 may include a camera or light sensor, and may be responsive to a visual gesture (e.g., hand gesture, head gesture), facial expression, or eye movement of the user.

In another embodiment, the user interface circuitry 110 receives gestures (e.g., via a touch screen or touchpad or by video monitoring of the user) to control display of the insertion site. For example, a first gesture may control the zoom of the insertion site, while a second gesture may control the level of detail shown within the insertion site. In one example, the first gesture (e.g., to control zooming of the insertion site) may include a two-finger pinch/spread gesture (one indicating zoom-in and the other indicating zoom-out). The second gesture (e.g., to control a level of detail provided in the image) may be different from the first gesture, and may include a three-finger pinch/spread gesture (one indicating an increase in the level of detail, and another indicating a decrease in the level of detail). Other gestures may also control the level of detail of the insertion site, including a two-or three-finger rotation gesture or a two-or three-finger swipe gesture. Many variations of input gestures and input commands are possible.

Rendering circuitry 102 renders a graphical image of the insertion site to include graphical representations of the data items within a viewable area of the insertion site at various zoom levels. The display device 108 displays a graphical image of the insertion site on the display 70.

Figures 3A-3C illustrate a flow chart of logic 300 that may be implemented by the machine 100 as part of a method of providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy using a suitable learning program or technique, such as a result-based learning (CBL) program or technique, once an educational guidance mode or application has been activated using the system 40. For example, the various circuitry elements discussed above and/or various components of machine 100 (such as one or more processing devices) may be configured to implement some or all of logic 300 shown in fig. 3.

At step 302, the machine 100 receives a request from a user via the network 114 to initiate a CBL program, and in response to the request, the machine 100 presents 304 to the user a plurality of example personal profiles from which to select. In an example embodiment, the example personal profile is displayed on the display 70 of the machine 100 or on a display operatively coupled to the machine 100. For example, the machine 100 may present a first personal profile indicating the person who was seen for the current day's endoscopy protocol. A second personal profile is presented that indicates a person who is attending an emergency room due to abdominal pain and who requires a Computed Tomography (CT) procedure. In this personal profile, a nurse or hospital staff has ordered IV fluid and the person may be sent to the hospital. A third person profile is presented indicating that persons admitted due to shortness of breath and congestive heart failure are excluded. The person was admitted to a hospital and was observed under cardiac observation, with an estimated hospitalization time of more than 2 days. Additional or alternative personal profiles may be presented 304 by the machine 100. While the machine 100 does not display the correct or most appropriate protocol and/or product to the user at this point in the CBL program, each of these individual profiles may require a different set of "correct" or "appropriate" protocols and/or products for IV treatment.

For example, a first personal profile may require selection of a first catheter, extension set or no extension set, a suitable skin formulation (such as skin antiseptic or 70% isopropyl alcohol), a suitable connector, and a dressing of either a bordered or unbounded film. A second personal profile may require a second catheter, a suitable skin formulation, a suitable connector, and a bordered transparent film; however, this personal profile may not require an extension suite. A third person profile may require a third catheter, a suitable skin formulation, a suitable connector, and a bordered transparent film; however, this personal profile does not require an extension suite.

The machine 100 queries the user 305 to select one of the personal profiles presented on the display 70. Once the user has selected one of the personal profiles presented to the user, the machine 100 prompts 306 the user to select an insertion site on the human appendage (e.g., the human arm) for inserting an IV catheter. For example, the machine 100 displays various options for selecting an insertion site, including a pre-elbow insertion site, a forearm insertion site, a wrist insertion site, and a hand insertion site.

At step 308, the machine 100 instructs the user to select an appropriate product and/or protocol based on the user-selected personal profile to properly insert the IV catheter into the human arm at the selected insertion site. In an example embodiment, the machine 100 may display the available products on a tray and instruct the user to select (e.g., click and drag) the appropriate products to be used in the most appropriate order. In these embodiments, the user is required to connect to the appropriate product and practice by selecting the product that the user believes is most appropriate for the procedure.

For example, in certain embodiments, an appropriate procedure may include sequentially selecting the most appropriate peripheral IV catheter, preparing an insertion site for insertion of the catheter, providing and coupling a connector to the IV catheter, providing an appropriate dressing at or around the insertion site, providing an extension set (if necessary), and then proceeding with the line access procedure. In an example embodiment, the user first selects an appropriate catheter for the selected personal profile to initiate an educational guidance mode or application. A plurality of catheters, such as a first catheter, a second catheter, and a third catheter, may be displayed on the display 70, from which the user is prompted to select the most appropriate catheter for the procedure. The user then selects the appropriate procedure to prepare the site for insertion. A number of possible preparation steps may be displayed on the display 70, such as whether the insertion site is prepared with chlorhexidine in an alcohol solution or only with alcohol. The user selects the appropriate connector to couple to the selected conduit, if necessary. For example, the machine 100 may display a plurality of selections for a connector, such as a first connector, a second connector, a third connector, or no connector. The user selects the connector selection that the user deems appropriate for the personal profile. Once the connector option is selected, the machine 100 prompts the user to select an appropriate dressing from a plurality of dressing selections. For example, the machine 100 may display several options on the display 70, including a transparent film dressing and a transparent film dressing having a border. The user determines whether extension of the suite is required. For example, the machine 100 may display an option for using the extension set and an option for not using the extension set. Once the product is selected based on the selected personal profile, the machine 100 prompts the user to proceed with the line access process.

During the online access process, the user drops 310 the plurality of process steps in the most appropriate sequential order by clicking, dragging, and dropping each process step in the appropriately numbered process step locations. For example, referring to fig. 3P, the machine 100 may display the various steps of the line access procedure, including scrubbing, rinsing, capping, administering a medication, in a non-sequential list on the display 70. The user is then asked to properly place the process steps in sequential order within the numbered process step locations displayed on the display 70. In an example embodiment, one or more of the process steps may be required more than once during the appropriate line access procedure.

At step 312, once the user places the line access procedure steps in the order that the user considers most appropriate, the machine 100 instructs the user to position the decal 50 at the selected insertion site (e.g., antecubital insertion site, forearm insertion site, wrist insertion site, or hand insertion site) on the selected arm (i.e., right or left arm) to proceed to the next step. As shown in fig. 6, the machine 100 displays a user interface indicating the placement of the decal 50 at the selected insertion site. The user interface may also indicate proper alignment and orientation of the decal 50, such as an arrow displayed on the decal 50 pointing toward the wrist of the person on the selected arm.

At step 314, the machine 100 displays the user's catheter build results and a list of line access procedure steps on the display 70 (or another suitable display operatively coupled to the machine 100). If each user selection is most appropriate, i.e., the catheter is properly constructed and the list of line process steps is in the most appropriate sequential order, the machine 100 displays a congratulatory response to a positive reinforcement, such as "do good! ". However, if one or more selections or process steps are not most appropriate, the machine 100 displays the complications (if any) associated with the inappropriate selection on the display 70.

For example, if the user incorrectly selects a catheter based on the selected personal profile, the machine 100 instructs the user to place the machine 100 over the decal 50 to learn the potential outcomes and/or complications associated with the user's product and/or practice selections for the corresponding personal profile. For example, according to some embodiments, if the user selects personal profile 1, then the recommended or most appropriate catheter selection is the third catheter. If the user selects an incorrect catheter (e.g., the first catheter or the second catheter) in such a situation, the machine 100 displays 70 on the display potential complications due to the incorrect catheter selection. In this case, there are no potential complications due to incorrect selection of either the first catheter or the second catheter. Similarly, if the user selects personal profile 2, then the recommended or most appropriate catheter selection is the second catheter. If the user selects an incorrect catheter (e.g., the third catheter or the first catheter) in this situation, the machine 100 displays 70 potential complications on the display due to the incorrect catheter selection. In this case, if the user incorrectly selects the third catheter, the machine 100 displays potential complications associated with this incorrect catheter selection, including, for example, extravasation, infiltration, and/or displacement. If the user incorrectly selects the first catheter, the machine 100 displays potential complications associated with this incorrect catheter selection, including, for example, extravasation and/or infiltration. Similarly, if the user selects personal profile 3, then the recommended or most appropriate catheter selection is the first catheter. If the user selects an incorrect catheter (e.g., the second catheter or the third catheter) in such a situation, the machine 100 may display potential complications due to the incorrect catheter selection. In this case, if the user incorrectly selects the second catheter, the machine 100 displays that there are no potential complications associated with this incorrect catheter selection. If the user incorrectly selects the third catheter, the machine 100 displays potential complications associated with this incorrect catheter selection, including, for example, infiltration and/or displacement.

If the user incorrectly selects a connector based on the selected personal profile, the machine 100 instructs the user to place the machine 100 over the sticker 50 to learn the potential outcomes and/or complications associated with the user's product and/or practice selections for the corresponding personal profile. For example, according to some embodiments, if the user selects an incorrect connector, the machine 100 displays potential complications due to the incorrect connector selection, including, for example, phlebitis and/or occlusion.

If the user incorrectly selects a dressing based on the selected personal profile, the machine 100 instructs the user to place the machine 100 over the decal 50 to learn the potential outcomes and/or complications associated with the user's product and/or practice selections for the corresponding personal profile. For example, according to certain embodiments, if the user selects an incorrect dressing, the machine 100 may exhibit potential complications due to the incorrect dressing selection, including, for example, phlebitis and/or displacement.

If the user incorrectly selects whether to use the extension kit based on the selected personal profile, the machine 100 instructs the user to place the machine 100 over the sticker 50 to learn the potential outcomes and/or complications associated with the user's product and/or practice selections for the corresponding personal profile. For example, according to certain embodiments, if the user chooses to incorrectly use or not use the extension set, the machine 100 displays potential complications due to the incorrect choice, including potential consequences such as infiltration, phlebitis, and/or displacement.

If the user incorrectly selects one or more of the line access process steps, the machine 100 instructs the user to place the machine 100 over the decal 50 to learn the potential outcomes and/or complications associated with the user's product and/or practice selections. For example, according to certain embodiments, if the user incorrectly selects one or more of the access procedure steps, the machine 100 displays potential complications due to the incorrectly selected outcome, including potential outcomes such as infiltration, displacement, phlebitis; and/or other potential complications that may occur. In an example embodiment, the machine includes suitable actuators, such as one or more slider buttons, configured to provide and manipulate the augmented reality aspects of the disclosed embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the machine is configured to provide data items such as varying skin tone (e.g., indicating irritation, inflammation, and/or infection), varying depth of a person's vasculature, and/or time-lapse images of complications that appear and progress when the user manipulates the slider button.

Once the machine 100 displays the incorrect selection to the user, as well as complications and/or potential risks due to the incorrect selection or selections, the machine 100 prompts 316 the user to decide whether the user wishes to achieve better results for the person. Once prompted, the user may decide to continue the educational guidance mode or application to achieve better results for the person. In certain embodiments, if the product (e.g., catheter, connector, dressing, expansion kit, and/or wire access procedure) selection is incorrect, the machine 100 prompts the user to skip to the relevant selection step in order to reselect the appropriate product or sequentially reposition the steps of the wire access procedure. For example, if the user incorrectly selects a catheter, the machine 100 directs the user to a prompt for selecting a catheter so that the user can select a different catheter. In certain embodiments, if the user again selects a suboptimal or inappropriate catheter, the machine 100 provides information about the most appropriate catheter. If the user initially selects an incorrect (i.e., not the most appropriate) product or step, a similar process may be used to select other products (e.g., connectors, dressings, and/or expansion kits and/or line access process steps). Once the user has selected the most appropriate product and placed the line access procedure steps in the most appropriate order, the machine 100 queries the user 322 whether the user wishes to learn more about peripheral IV therapy. If the user is not interested in learning, the educational guidance mode or application is turned off. In one embodiment, the machine 100 provides the user 324 with a link to an appropriate site, e.g., a micro site that provides application evaluation results and/or directs the user to an appropriate site or micro site that provides a survey to the user for completion.

Referring now to fig. 4-27 and 58, in an example embodiment, the machine 100 may be implemented as part of a method of providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy using a suitable learning program, such as a result-based learning (CBL) program or application. As part of a method according to various embodiments, the machine 100 may implement logic similar to or different from that shown in the flow diagram of fig. 3. For example, the various circuitry elements discussed above and/or various components of the machine 100 (such as one or more processing devices) may be configured to implement some or all of the logic implemented by the machine 100 during a CBL program or application. Fig. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of logic 400 that the machine 100 may implement as part of a method in accordance with various embodiments. 5-27 illustrate example user interfaces associated with various steps of the logic 400 and displayed on the display 70 of the machine 100 during a CBL program or application.

At step 402, the machine 100 receives a request from a user via the network 114 to initiate a CBL program, and in response to the request, the machine 100 presents to the user 404 a main menu including a plurality of example personal profiles from which to select. For example, the machine 100 may present a first personal profile indicating a 35 year old healthy right-handed male who visits a hospital for a routine procedure (the preferred insertion site for the IV is in the non-dominant left forearm); a second human profile indicating an 85 year old diabetic right-handed female, with a weak vein, that visits the hospital, with right lower limb ischemia (the preferred insertion site for IV is in the non-dominant left forearm); and a third person profile indicating 50 year old left-handed male hemodialysis with a right forearm loop arteriovenous graft (the preferred insertion site for IV is in the graft-free left forearm) at hospital visit. Additional or alternative personal profiles may be presented 404 by the machine 100.

Once the user has selected one of the personal profiles presented to the user, the machine 100 prompts 406 the user to select an insertion site on the human appendage (e.g., the human arm) for inserting the IV catheter. As shown in fig. 5, the machine 100 displays a user interface indicating a plurality of insertion sites from which to select an insertion site. For example, as shown in fig. 5, the user interface displays various options for selection, including a pre-elbow insertion site, a forearm insertion site, a wrist insertion site, and a hand insertion site. The user interface may include a textual indicator and/or a visual indicator, such as a color or a highlighting option, that indicates a preferred insertion site based at least in part on the selected personal profile. In certain embodiments, the machine 100 indicates an informational text providing guidance regarding selecting the most appropriate insertion site. For example, the informational text may suggest to the user potential complications that may occur during catheterization and/or provide the user with one or more points to consider in selecting an insertion site for the IV to minimize the likelihood of complications. In some embodiments, the information text may include an indication of: although complications of the catheter may occur anywhere, flexion regions, such as antecubital insertion sites or wrist insertion sites, should be avoided.

Further, the informational text may include additional information, such as that hand insertion sites have been associated with an increase in occlusion and accidental displacement compared to other sites (e.g., preferred insertion sites, such as forearm insertion sites). The informational text may also include additional points to consider to minimize complications, including, for example, selecting veins of an outer diameter and/or catheter length that are best suited for the prescribed treatment and/or evaluation of a person's condition, including, but not limited to, the person's age, diagnosis, complications, condition of the vasculature at the insertion site, condition of the person's skin at the insertion site, the person's previous IV insertion history, the type and/or duration of infusion therapy, the person's preference for IV site selection, or any suitable combination thereof.

At step 410, the machine 100 determines whether the user has selected a preferred insertion site or a non-preferred insertion site. If the user selects a non-preferred insertion site (e.g., a pre-elbow insertion site, a wrist insertion site, or a hand insertion site) in response to the prompting step 406, a processing device of the machine 100, such as the processor 702, renders a first graphical image of the selected arm and the display 70 displays the first graphical image on the user interface at step 412, as shown in FIG. 7. The user interface may include informational text indicating to the user that the user has selected a non-preferred insertion site. The message text may also include an indication of: catheters placed in flexion regions (such as antecubital or wrist insertion sites) are prone to higher failure rates due to joint flexion, leading to mechanical complications. The informational text may also indicate best practices to avoid the flexion and extension regions and the pain region during palpation. The informative text may also indicate that the hand insertion site has been associated with a significantly higher rate of accidental removal and occlusion.

At step 414, the display 70 displays one or more complications associated with the selected non-preferred insertion site. For example, as shown in fig. 8, the user interface may indicate the causes of failure and/or complications associated with inserting an IV catheter into a non-preferred arm, such as phlebitis, infection, extravasation, displacement, occlusion, and infiltration, arranged in a menu having an arc or circular pattern on the user interface. To provide additional educational guidance, at step 416, the machine 100 prompts the user to select one of the indicated complications to obtain further information about the selected complication. The user interface may include informational text indicating that up to 50% of the catheters must be removed before their expected dwell time due to complications such as those displayed on the user interface and prompting the user to select one of the complications from a menu to learn more information about the particular complication. In an example embodiment, at step 418, the processing device of the machine 100 renders a graphical image of the human arm to indicate the selected complication, and at step 420, the display 70 displays the graphical image on the user interface. The user interface may include informational text indicating which complication is selected, a definition of the complication, and/or an indication of a risk associated with the selected complication.

For example, if the user chooses to learn more information about phlebitis at step 416, then the processing device of the machine 100 renders an image of the arm of the person indicating phlebitis at step 418, and the display 70 renders the graphical image on the user interface at step 420, as shown in fig. 9. The user interface may include informational text indicating that the user has selected phlebitis and defining "phlebitis" as venous inflammation that may occur along the cannulated vein due to mechanical, chemical, and/or bacterial stimulation, and/or additional graphical images illustrating the effects of phlebitis, such as shown in fig. 10. The informational text may also indicate a risk associated with phlebitis, such as increased buckling points due to stimulation of the vessel wall by movement of the cannula.

If the user chooses to learn more information about the infiltration at step 416, the processing device of the machine 100 renders a graphical image indicative of the infiltrated human arm at step 418, and the display 70 displays the graphical image on the user interface at step 420, as shown in FIG. 11. The user interface may include informational text indicating that the user has selected infiltration and defining "infiltration" as unintentional leakage of non-foaming solution into surrounding tissue due to catheter erosion or penetration into and/or through the vein wall, and/or additional graphical images illustrating the effects of infiltration, such as that shown in fig. 12. The informative text may also indicate, for example, that infiltration is the most common complication of the catheter. The informative text may also indicate that peripheral IVs placed in flexion regions (e.g., antecubital or wrist insertion sites) tend to have higher infiltration rates, likely due to movement of the cannula tip relative to the vessel wall, causing trauma leading to poor vein wall integrity.

If the user chooses to learn more about the infection at step 416, the processing device of the machine 100 renders a graphical image indicative of the infected person's arm at step 418, and the display 70 displays the graphical image on the user interface at step 420, as shown in FIG. 13. The user interface may include informational text indicating that the user has selected an infection and defines "infection" as the presence and growth of pathogenic microorganism(s) with local or systemic effects, and/or additional graphical images illustrating the effects of the infection, such as shown in fig. 14. The information text may also indicate that, for example, infection may be due to poor skin disinfection and/or the frequency of IV medication and other infection risk factors during medication administration.

If the user chooses to learn more information about the occlusion at step 416, the processing device of the machine 100 renders a graphical image indicative of the occluded person's arm at step 418, and the display 70 displays the graphical image on the user interface at step 420, as shown in FIG. 15. The user interface may include informational text indicating that the user has selected an occlusion and defining "occlusion" as a failure to infuse fluid and/or medication through a previously functioning catheter, and/or additional graphical images illustrating the effects of the occlusion, such as that shown in fig. 16. The informative text may also indicate that catheter occlusion may result, without infiltration or extravasation, for example, due to mechanical obstruction (e.g., catheter kinks, blood clots formed on and/or within the catheter, and/or migration of the catheter tip into the vessel wall). The informative text may also indicate the risk of occlusion, such as inserting a catheter into a buckling area susceptible to movement, whereby bending and kinking and movement relative to the vessel wall may also cause injury to the tissue and subsequent thrombosis.

If the user chooses to learn more information about the displacement at step 416, the processing device of the machine 100 renders a graphical image indicative of the displaced person's arm at step 418, and the display 70 displays the graphical image on the user interface at step 420, as shown in FIG. 17. The user interface may include informational text indicating that the user has selected a shift, and defining "shift" as an inadvertent removal of the catheter that may occur for various reasons, such as a catheter being stuck on clothing or a poorly secured catheter, and/or an additional graphical image illustrating the effect of the shift, such as that shown in fig. 18. The informative text may also indicate that e.g. the selection of a dedicated fixation device represents a significant benefit in terms of improved catheter lifetime, with a direct impact on reducing catheter displacement.

If the user chooses to learn more about the extravasation at step 416, the processing device of the machine 100 renders a graphical image indicative of the extravasated person's arm at step 418, and the display 70 displays the graphical image on the user interface at step 420, as shown in FIG. 19. The user interface may include informational text indicating that the user has selected extravasation and defines "extravasation" as the unintentional infiltration of no drug or caustic solution into surrounding tissue, and/or additional graphical images illustrating the effects of extravasation, such as that shown in fig. 20. The informative text may also indicate that, for example, catheter placement and physical properties play a role in extravasation rate, as well as other complications. The informative text may also indicate that, unlike infiltration, extravasation of the infiltrant may cause progressive tissue damage due to the pharmacological properties of the injected solution, and/or that early identification and intervention is critical to prevent serious adverse consequences.

However, if the user selects a preferred insertion site (e.g., forearm insertion site) in response to prompting step 406, the processing device of the machine 100 presents a graphical image of the selected arm and, at step 422, the display 70 displays the graphical image on the user interface, as shown in fig. 21, indicating that the user correctly selected the preferred insertion site. The user interface may include informational text indicating to the user that the forearm insertion site is the preferred insertion site for the peripheral IV catheter, including, for example, that there is a lower risk of catheter complications associated with the forearm insertion site due to no (or minimal) flexion at the forearm insertion site, and studies have shown that selecting a forearm insertion site over a hand insertion site or a pre-elbow insertion site may increase dwell time, reduce pain during dwell time, promote self-care, and prevent or limit accidental removal and occlusion. The informational text may also include additional guidance regarding catheterization, such as an indication that the user should avoid the ventral surface of the wrist due to pain and possible nerve damage when selecting the forearm as the insertion site, and/or an indication that the forearm is a preferred insertion site over the antecubital, wrist, or hand area but yet needs to be carefully monitored for clinical signs and symptoms of the complication.

In an example embodiment, at step 424, the machine 100 instructs the user to position the decal 50 at a preferred insertion location (e.g., forearm insertion location) on a preferred arm (i.e., right or left arm) in order to proceed to the next step. As shown in fig. 22, the machine 100 displays a user interface indicating placement of the decal 50 at the preferred insertion site. The user interface may also indicate the proper alignment and orientation of the decal 50, for example, an arrow displayed on the decal 50 pointing toward the person's wrist on the selected arm.

By properly positioning the decal 50 at the forearm insertion site, the machine 100 then asks the user at step 426 whether the user is interested in learning more information about the proper peripheral IV treatment. If the user indicates that he or she is interested in learning more information about the proper peripheral IV therapy, the machine 100 provides 428 the user with one or more learning topics including, for example, considerations regarding proper IV catheter selection, guidance information for proper insertion of the IV, and/or guidance information for proper access and maintenance of the IV catheter.

If, for example, the user chooses to learn more information about consideration for proper IV catheter selection, display 70 displays a user interface as shown in fig. 23 indicating one or more topics to be considered when selecting a proper IV catheter, including, for example, the environment in which the person will be located, such as an outpatient environment, an imaging environment, or an emergency room or an in-patient environment. The user interface may include informational text indicating to the user that an appropriate type of peripheral Vascular Access Device (VAD) may be selected based at least in part on the patient's environment, and that a variety of considerations may affect which VAD is used in a particular patient's environment.

For example, the informational text may indicate to the user that the appropriate VAD should be tailored to the person's vascular access needs based on a prescribed therapy or treatment regimen, an expected duration of therapy, the person's vascular characteristics and the person's age, complications, infusion therapy history, preferences for VAD locations, and capabilities and resources available to the care device. The informational text may indicate that the selected VAD should have the smallest outer diameter and the smallest number of lumens and be the least invasive device required for prescription therapy. Additionally, preserving peripheral blood vessels may be considered in planning a vascular access. Based on findings assessed on site and/or clinical signs and symptoms of systemic complications, pediatric and adult patients may have their short peripheral and midline catheters removed when clinically indicated. Devices of secure design may be selected and continuously activated and/or used where possible. It is contemplated that an extension set may be used between the peripheral catheter and the connector to reduce catheter manipulation. In alternative embodiments, such information text may be different, e.g., including adding recommendations, deleting certain recommendations, and/or changing certain recommendations.

Referring to fig. 24, if the user chooses to learn more information about the consideration of proper insertion of an IV catheter, the display 70 displays a user interface that may include informative text indicating to the user that skin antisepsis was initially performed and that the most recent INS operating criteria recommend the use of skin antiseptics greater than 0.5% chlorhexidine in alcohol solution. Additionally, the informative text may indicate that iodine, iodophor (povidone iodine) or 70% alcohol may also be used if there is a contraindication for an alcoholic chlorhexidine solution. For example, the informative text may indicate that the antimicrobial agent should be allowed to completely dry prior to insertion, that a new pair of disposable gloves should be used, and that peripheral IV insertion should be performed using a "no-touch" technique, meaning that the insertion site is not palpated after skin sterilization. For example, the informational text may also indicate additional considerations including, but not limited to, using vessel visualization techniques to increase the success rate of patients with difficult-to-navigate vessels, selecting a peripheral catheter of minimal gauge that can accommodate the prescribed treatment and human needs, and/or warnings that the peripheral catheter should not be used for continuous bubbling treatment, parenteral nutrition, or infusions with an osmolarity greater than, for example, 900 mOsm/L. In certain example embodiments, the machine 100 is configured to display a video on the display 70 illustrating the best practices for inserting a peripheral IV catheter, including information as shown in fig. 25.

Referring to fig. 26, if the user chooses to learn more information about the considerations of properly accessing and maintaining an intravenous catheter, the display 70 displays a user interface that may include informational text indicating that the user should consider the following once the catheter is in place: whether an extension set is used between the peripheral catheter and the needleless connector to minimize handling and reduce multiple components; stabilizing and fixing the VAD to prevent VAD complications and accidental access loss; applying and maintaining a sterile dressing over all peripheral catheters; performing a vigorous mechanical scrub prior to each VAD access to manually sterilize and dry the needleless connector; accessing VAD function by flushing and aspirating blood prior to each intermittent VAD use and continuously infusing according to clinical instructions; whether to use commercially available pre-filled syringes that reduce the risk of CR-BSI and save time on the staff preparing the syringe; access to VAD catheter-skin interface and surrounding areas by visual inspection and palpation through the intact dressing and by personnel reporting any discomfort (including pain, paresthesia, numbness, or tingling) to find if the skin is red, tender, swollen, and/or draining; when using a needleless connector, it is ensured that the catheter clamping and finally the disconnection of the syringe are performed in the proper sequence following the manufacturer's instructions to reduce the amount of blood that is returned to the VAD; and/or, for example, the use of a sterile cap is contemplated to reduce microbial contamination within the chamber. In certain example embodiments, the machine 100 is configured to display video on the display 70 illustrating best practices for accessing and maintaining peripheral IV catheters, including information as shown in fig. 27.

28-58, in an example embodiment, the machine 100 may be implemented as part of a method for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy using a suitable learning program, such as a results-based learning (CBL) program or application. As part of a method according to various embodiments, the machine 100 may implement logic similar to or different from that shown in the flow diagram of fig. 3. For example, the various circuitry elements discussed above and/or various components of the machine 100 (such as one or more processing devices) may be configured to implement some or all of the logic implemented by the machine 100 during a CBL program or application. Fig. 28 illustrates a flow diagram of logic 500 that the machine 100 may implement as part of a method in accordance with various embodiments. 29-57 illustrate example user interfaces associated with various steps of the logic 500 and displayed on the display 70 of the machine 100 during a CBL program or application.

In an example embodiment, a CBL program or application begins with a welcome screen 600, such as that shown in FIG. 29, which includes a "start" button 602. By the user pressing the start button 602, at step 502, the machine 100 receives a request from the user via the network 114 to initiate a CBL program, and in response to the request, the machine 100 provides 504 to the user a main menu comprising a plurality of example personal profiles from which to choose. Prior to presenting the main menu, the CBL program or application may launch an introductory video that outlines the purpose and/or procedure of the CBL program or application. In some embodiments, the machine 100 presents a screen including a suitable disclaimer 606, such as that shown in fig. 30, and/or a welcome message 608, such as that shown in fig. 31A, for example, to indicate that such an experience has evolved to improve one's awareness of unnecessary complications associated with peripheral IV therapy and to provide educational resources regarding product selection and clinical practice to help reduce these complications. Additional introductory screens may be included in some embodiments. For example, the machine 100 may present a "terms of use" screen as shown in fig. 31B, a "mobile application end user license agreement" screen as shown in fig. 31C, a "mobile application privacy statement" screen as shown in fig. 31D, and/or a "reference" screen as shown in fig. 31E.

In an example embodiment, at step 504, the machine 100 presents a main menu 610, the main menu 610 including a plurality of example

personal profiles

612, 614, and 616 from which to select a personal profile to begin a vascular access management ("VAM") experience for the user. For example, as shown in fig. 32, main menu 610 may present a first person profile 612 identified as "David" that indicates the person who was seen for the endoscopy procedure on the same day; a second person profile 614 identified as "Asha" indicating that a person with abdominal pain and a need for CT in the emergency room has ordered IV fluid and that Asha is a potential recipient; and a third person profile 616 identified as "Fred" indicating a person with shortness of breath and cardiac observations in hospitalization and expected hospitalization times exceeding two (2) days. Additional or alternative personal profiles may be presented 504 by the machine 100. Each of these individual profiles may require a different set of "correct", "optimal", or "appropriate" protocols and/or products for IV therapy, but at this point the machine 100 does not display the correct or most appropriate protocol and/or product to the user in the CBL program.

Once the user has selected one of the personal profiles presented to the user, the machine 100 prompts 506 the user to select an insertion site on a human appendage (e.g., a human arm) to insert an IV catheter. As shown in fig. 33, the machine 100 displays a user interface indicating a plurality of insertion sites from which to select an insertion site. For example, as shown in fig. 33, after the user selects first person profile 612 identified as "David," the user interface displays various options for selecting an insertion site, including a pre-elbow insertion site, a forearm insertion site, and a wrist insertion site. Similarly, if the user selects the second human profile 614 identified as "Asha" (see fig. 34) or the third human profile 616 identified as "Fred" (see fig. 35), the user interface displays various options for selecting an insertion site, including an antecubital joint insertion site, a forearm insertion site, and a wrist insertion site.

The user interface may include a textual indicator and/or a visual indicator 618, e.g., a color or a highlighting option, that indicates a preferred insertion site based at least in part on the selected personal profile. The user interface may also include a summary 620 of the selected personal profile. In certain embodiments, the machine 100 generates an informational text that provides guidance regarding selecting the most appropriate insertion site. For example, the informational text may suggest to the user potential complications that may occur during catheterization and/or provide the user with one or more points to consider minimizing the likelihood of complications when selecting an insertion site for an IV. In some embodiments, the information text may include an indication of: although complications of the catheter may occur anywhere, flexion regions, such as antecubital insertion sites or wrist insertion sites, should be avoided.

Additionally, the informational text may include additional information, such as that hand insertion sites have been associated with an increase in occlusion and accidental displacement compared to other sites (e.g., preferred insertion sites, such as forearm insertion sites). The informational text may also include additional points to be considered to minimize complications, such as veins of an outer diameter and/or length of catheter needed to select the most appropriate prescribed treatment and/or to assess the condition of the person (including, but not limited to, the person's age, diagnosis, complications, condition of the vasculature at the insertion site, condition of the person's skin at the insertion site, the person's previous IV insertion history, type and/or duration of infusion therapy, the person's preference for IV site selection, or any suitable combination thereof).

At step 508, the machine 100 instructs the user to select an appropriate product and/or protocol based on the user-selected personal profile to properly insert the IV catheter into the selected insertion site in the human arm. For example, a person identified in a first person profile may require a first catheter, an extension kit or no extension kit, a suitable skin formulation (such as skin antiseptic or 70% isopropyl alcohol), a suitable connector, and dressing selection of either a bordered film or an unbounded film. The person identified in the second person profile may require a second catheter, a suitable skin formulation, a suitable connector, and a bordered transparent membrane; however, this personal profile may not require an extension suite. The person identified in the third person profile may require a third catheter, a suitable skin formulation, a suitable connector, and a bordered transparent film; however, this personal profile does not require an extension suite.

In an example embodiment, the CBL program or application then proceeds to a tray selection instruction screen 622, such as that shown in FIG. 36. For example, the attempt to select instruction screen 622 may indicate that the user will be required to select one or more products that the user will use to gain IV access with the people identified in the selected personal profile. When the user presses the submit button 624, at step 510, the machine 100 receives a request via the network 114 to initiate the product selection portion of the CBL program or application, and in response to the request, the machine 100 presents 512 to the user a main product menu including a plurality of example product categories that may be used to obtain IV access, as shown in FIG. 37.

In an example embodiment, the machine 100 may display the available products on the tray and instruct 514 the user to select (e.g., click and drag) the most appropriate product for obtaining IV access. In these embodiments, the user is required to connect the most appropriate products and practices by selecting the products that the user believes are most appropriate for the procedure. For example, in particular embodiments, an appropriate procedure may include sequentially selecting the most appropriate peripheral IV catheter, preparing an insertion site for insertion of the catheter, providing and coupling a connector to the IV catheter, providing an appropriate dressing at or near the insertion site, providing an extension set (if needed), and then continuing the row access procedure.

In an example embodiment, the user selects the most appropriate catheter for the selected personal profile. A plurality of catheters (such as a first catheter, a second catheter, and a third catheter) may be displayed on the display 70, prompting the user to select the most appropriate catheter for the procedure from among them. The user also selects the most appropriate procedure to prepare the insertion site. A number of possible preparation steps may be displayed on the display 70, such as whether the insertion site is prepared with chlorhexidine in an alcohol solution or with alcohol only. The user may also select the most appropriate connector to couple to the selected catheter as desired. For example, the machine 100 may display a plurality of selections for a connector, such as a first connector, a second connector, a third connector, or no connector. The user selects the most appropriate connector selection that the user considers to be for the personal profile. Similarly, the user selects the most appropriate dressing from a plurality of dressing choices. For example, the machine 100 may display several options on the display 70, including a transparent film dressing and a bordered transparent film dressing. The user may also determine whether an extension suite is required. For example, the machine 100 may display an option for using the extension kit (indicated as "yes") and an option for not using the extension kit (indicated as "no").

37-40, in an example embodiment, if the user selects "connector" window 626, for example by clicking on connector window 626, the user may select connector A628 identified in FIG. 38, connector B630 identified in FIG. 39, or connector C632 identified in FIG. 40 (e.g., Maxzero)^TMA needleless connector). Is composed ofHaving selected the connector that the user considers to be the most appropriate connector associated with the personal profile, the user can click and drag the selected connector and move it to indicia 634, such as that shown in FIG. 37, including the text "put product at this point". Similarly, as shown in fig. 41, a user selects a peripheral IV catheter ("PIVC"), for example, by clicking on a PIVC window 636. Within the PIVC window 636, the user can select an appropriate or most appropriate PIVC from one or more available PIVCs for a selected personal profile, such as a first catheter (e.g., BD Nexiva) displayed on the display 70^TM Diffusics^TMConduit), a second conduit, a third conduit. With further reference to fig. 42, to select a PIVC that the user considers to be the most appropriate PIVC associated with the personal profile for the procedure, the user can click and drag the selected PIVC and move it to the label 638 that includes the text "place product here". In certain embodiments, the user can use the remove button 640 to remove the selected PIVC, as shown in fig. 42, and replace it with a different PIVC that the user deems more appropriate for the procedure.

Once the user has selected the product that the user believes is most appropriate for the selected personal profile, the CBL program or application will proceed with the line access procedure. In an example embodiment, the CBL program or application continues with the line access procedure instruction screen 642, such as that shown in fig. 43. For example, screen 642 may indicate that the user will be required to place the appropriate medication administration steps in the most appropriate order or sequence. For example, a video may be run on screen 642 to provide appropriate instructions to the user. When the user presses the submit button 644, the machine 100 receives a request via the network 114 to initiate the line access process portion of the CBL program or application at step 516, and in response to the request, the machine 100 presents the user with a main menu having a main line access process menu that includes a plurality of example line access process steps that may be used to obtain IV access, as shown in fig. 44 and 45.

During the online access process, the user positions or drops 518 the plurality of process steps in the most appropriate sequential order by clicking, dragging, and dropping each process step in the appropriately numbered process step locations, as shown in FIGS. 44 and 45. For example, the machine 100 may display various steps of the line access procedure including, for example, "scrub needle hub," "place cap," "administer medication," "flush saline," and/or "lock line" in a non-sequential list on the display 70. The user is then required to place the line access process steps correctly in the most appropriate sequential order within the numbered line access process step locations displayed on the display 70. The selected line access procedure steps may be added or deleted using appropriate buttons displayed on the display 70. In an example embodiment, one or more line access procedure steps may be required more than once during an appropriate line access procedure. By locating the line access process steps in the order that the user deems most appropriate, such as shown in fig. 45, the user presses the submit button 646. In an example embodiment, when the user presses the submit button 646 at step 520, the machine 100 receives a request via the network 114 to initiate review of the user's selection of the most appropriate sequential line access process step, and in response to the request, the machine 100 presents the user with a screen 648 including a "next" button 650, as shown in fig. 46, allowing the user to continue executing CBL programs or applications to learn: (a) whether the user has selected the most appropriate access site for obtaining IV access to the person identified in the selected personal profile; (b) whether the user has selected the most appropriate product for one or more product categories for obtaining IV access to the persons identified in the selected personal profile (see fig. 29-42); and/or (c) whether the user selected the most appropriate sequential line access step for obtaining IV access (see fig. 43-45).

In some embodiments, once the user places the line access process steps in the sequential order that the user deems most appropriate, the machine 100 instructs the user to position the decal 50 at a selected insertion site (e.g., a pre-elbow insertion site, a forearm insertion site, a wrist insertion site, or a hand insertion site) on the selected arm (i.e., the right or left arm) in order to proceed to the next step. In certain example embodiments, the machine 100 displays a user interface indicating the placement of the decal 50 at the selected insertion site.

In an example embodiment, at step 522, the machine 100 displays the user's catheter construction results on the display 70 (or another suitable display operatively coupled to the machine 100) and lists the selected wire access procedure steps. If each user's selection is most appropriate, i.e., the catheter is properly constructed and the list of line access procedure steps is in the most appropriate sequential order, the machine 100 displays a congratulatory response to a positive reinforcement, such as "do good! Such as that shown in fig. 47. In some embodiments, the display 70 may include a link to view best practices video, such as "catheter insertion" best practices video or "catheter access and maintenance" best practices video, and/or proceed to the next step.

However, if one or more selections or process steps are not most appropriate, the machine 100 displays a selection review screen 654 of the display 70, as shown in fig. 48. The selection review screen 654 may indicate that the selection made by the user will appear on the next screen and that one or more selections are considered sub-optimal. In some embodiments, the suboptimal selection will be highlighted or outlined on the selection review screen 656, for example in pink, as shown in fig. 49. The selection review screen may include an information icon to provide more information as to why the selections are considered sub-optimal.

With further reference to fig. 49, user selections, such as location selections, tray selections, and/or process selections, are displayed on the selection review screen 656. In this embodiment, the sub-optimal choice is outlined in a suitable color (e.g., pink). Each sub-optimal selection also includes an informational icon to provide a link to more information about why the particular selection was considered sub-optimal. For example, in fig. 49, the select review screen 656 includes a "scrub" line access procedure selection 658, which is considered a sub-optimal selection, as indicated by the pink delineation. The "scrub" line access procedure selection 658 also includes an information icon 660. If the user clicks on the information icon 660, a sub-optimal selection screen 662, such as that shown in FIG. 50, is displayed on the display 70. In an example embodiment, the sub-optimal selection screen 662 includes one or more instructions and/or one or more recommendations for optimizing the line access procedure steps and the medication administration procedure steps.

In an example embodiment, referring to fig. 51-53, in an additional screen such as described herein, the machine 100 displays 524 on the screen of the display 70 complications (if any) associated with the improper selection(s). Referring to fig. 51, if the user incorrectly selects a catheter based on the selected personal profile, the machine 100 instructs the user to place the machine 100 over the decal 50 to learn the potential outcomes and/or complications associated with the user's product and/or practice selections for the corresponding personal profile. For example, according to some example embodiments, if the user selects an incorrect catheter, for example, in order to obtain IV access for the person identified in the first personal profile 612, the machine 100 displays potential complications due to the incorrect catheter selection on the display 70. For example, with further reference to fig. 51, selecting a suboptimal catheter may result in one or more complications, such as extravasation, infiltration, and/or displacement. In this case, the machine 100 displays potential complications on the display 70 due to incorrect catheter selection. In an example embodiment, using AR technology, the machine includes suitable actuators, such as one or

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy, the method comprising:

displaying a main menu including a plurality of personal profiles on a display of the machine;

prompting, by the machine, the user to select one of the plurality of personal profiles;

prompting, by the machine, a user to select an insertion site from a plurality of insertion sites on the appendage of the person for inserting the IV catheter based on the selected personal profile;

instructing, by the machine, a user to position a sticker operably coupled to the machine at a selected insertion site on an appendage of a human;

displaying a user interface on the display indicating placement of the sticker at the selected insertion site; and

whether the selected insertion site is a preferred insertion site or a non-preferred insertion site is determined by the machine.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein if the selected insertion site is a non-preferred insertion site, the method further comprises:

rendering, by a processing device of a machine, a first graphical image of the selected insertion site;

displaying a first graphical image on a display; and

displaying one or more complications associated with the selected insertion site on a display.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

prompting a user to select a complication from the one or more complications to obtain further information about the selected complication; and

rendering, by a processing device of the machine, a second graphical image of the human arm, the second graphical image indicating the selected complication.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising displaying a second graphical image on the user interface on the display, wherein the user interface includes informational text indicating the definition of the selected complication and an indication of a risk associated with the selected complication.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the user interface further comprises additional graphical images illustrating one or more effects of the selected complication.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein if the selected insertion site is a preferred insertion site, the method further comprises:

rendering, by a processing device of the machine, a graphical image of the selected insertion site; and

a graphical image indicating that the user correctly selected the preferred insertion site is displayed on the user interface on the display.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the user interface further comprises informational text indicating to the user why the selected insertion site is the preferred insertion site for the peripheral IV catheter.

8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

displaying a user interface on the display, the user interface indicating placement of the sticker at the preferred insertion site; and

by properly positioning the sticker at the preferred insertion site, the user is queried by the machine whether the user is interested in learning more information about the proper peripheral IV therapy.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

querying, by the machine, the user whether the user is interested in learning more information about proper peripheral IV therapy;

in the event that the user is interested in learning knowledge of more information about the appropriate peripheral IV therapy, prompting, by the machine, the user to select one of a plurality of learning topics displayed on the display; and

information about the selected learning topic is provided on the display.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more learning topics include consideration of proper IV catheter selection, guidance information for proper insertion of IV catheters, and guidance information for proper access and maintenance of IV catheters.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein providing information related to the selected learning topic on the display comprises displaying a video on the display illustrating best practices related to the selected learning topic of the one or more learning topics.

12. A computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance to a user for peripheral IV therapy, the method comprising:

receiving, by a machine, a request from a user to initiate a learning procedure;

prompting a user to select a first one of the plurality of personal profiles;

displaying, on a display, a plurality of insertion sites on an appendage of a person for inserting an IV, based on a first person profile, wherein the plurality of insertion sites include a preferred insertion site and a non-preferred insertion site;

prompting, by the machine, the user to select a first insertion site from a plurality of insertion sites on the human appendage for insertion of the IV catheter;

instructing, by the machine, a user to position a sticker operably coupled to the machine on an appendage of the person corresponding to the selected insertion site; and

the selected insertion site is determined by the machine to be a non-preferred insertion site.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

displaying a user interface on the display including a first graphical image indicating placement of the decal at the selected insertion site; and

14. The method of claim 13, wherein displaying on a display one or more complications associated with the selected insertion site comprises:

rendering, by the processing device, a second graphical image of the person's arm, the second graphical image indicating at least one of the one or more complications; and

displaying the second graphical image on the user interface on the display.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the user interface includes informational text indicating a definition of the at least one complication and an indication of a risk associated with the at least one complication.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the user interface comprises additional graphical images illustrating one or more effects of the at least one complication.

17. A computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance to a user regarding peripheral IV therapy, the method comprising:

displaying on a display of a machine a plurality of insertion sites on an appendage of a person for inserting an IV, wherein the plurality of insertion sites include a preferred insertion site and a non-preferred insertion site;

prompting, by the machine, a user to select a first insertion site from the plurality of insertion sites;

instructing, by the machine, the user to place a sticker operably coupled to the machine on an appendage of the person corresponding to the selected insertion site;

determining, by the machine, that the selected insertion site is a non-preferred insertion site; and

information about the selected insertion site is displayed on a display.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

displaying a first graphical image on a display; and

displaying one or more complications associated with the selected non-preferred insertion site on a display.

19. The method as recited in claim 18, further comprising:

prompting a user to select one of the one or more complications to obtain further information about the selected complication; and

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising displaying a second graphical image on the user interface on the display, wherein the user interface includes informational text indicating the definition of the selected complication and an indication of a risk associated with the selected complication.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the user interface further comprises additional graphical images illustrating one or more effects of the selected complication.

22. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

displaying a main menu including a plurality of personal profiles on a display of a machine before displaying a plurality of insertion sites on an appendage of a person for inserting an IV on the display;

prompting a user to select a first one of the plurality of personal profiles; and

displaying, on the display, the plurality of insertion sites on the appendage of the person for inserting the IV based on the first person profile.

23. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

querying, by the machine, the user whether the user is interested in learning more information about appropriate peripheral IV therapy;

determining, by the machine, that the user is interested in learning more information about the appropriate peripheral IV therapy;

prompting, by the machine, a user to select one of a plurality of learning topics displayed on a display; and

information about the selected learning topic is provided on the display.

24. A computer-implemented method for providing educational guidance for peripheral IV therapy, the method comprising:

prompting, by the machine, the user to select an insertion site from a plurality of insertion sites on the appendage of the person based on the selected personal profile;

prompting, by the machine, a user to select a first product category from a plurality of product categories; and

the method further includes prompting, by the machine, the user to select a first product of the plurality of products within a first product category that is a most appropriate product of the plurality of products based at least in part on the selected personal profile.

25. The computer-implemented method of claim 24, further comprising:

presenting, by a machine, a main line access procedure menu including a plurality of line access procedure steps to a user;

prompting, by the machine, the user to place the plurality of line access process steps in a most appropriate sequential order within a plurality of line access process step locations displayed on the display; and

the user is prompted by the machine to initiate review of the user's selection of the most appropriate sequential order.

26. The computer-implemented method of claim 25, further comprising:

once the user has placed the plurality of line access process steps in the most appropriate sequential order, instructing, by the machine, the user to position the sticker at the selected insertion location; and

a user interface is displayed by the machine indicating placement of the sticker at the selected insertion site.

27. The computer-implemented method of claim 25, further comprising displaying, by the machine, the user-selected results in the most appropriate sequential order on the display.

28. The computer-implemented method of claim 27, further comprising: if one or more selections or process steps are not the most appropriate selection, a selection review screen is displayed by the machine indicating that at least one of the user selections is deemed to be a sub-optimal selection, and an information icon is displayed that provides access to more information why the at least one user selection is deemed to be a sub-optimal selection.

29. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, further comprising:

30. The method of claim 29, wherein displaying on a display one or more complications associated with the selected insertion site comprises:

displaying the second graphical image on the user interface on the display.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the user interface includes informational text indicating a definition of the at least one complication and an indication of a risk associated with the at least one complication.

32. The method of claim 30, wherein the user interface comprises additional graphical images illustrating one or more effects of the at least one complication.

33. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, further comprising displaying, by the machine, at least one of the complication and the potential risk resulting from the suboptimal selection on a display.

34. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, further comprising querying the user whether the user wishes to achieve better results for the person identified in the personal profile.

35. The computer-implemented method of claim 27, further comprising displaying, by the machine, a selection review screen on the display, the selection review screen comprising an optimal selection to properly obtain IV access for the person identified in the selected personal profile, wherein the selection review screen comprises a plurality of most appropriate selections.

36. A system for providing educational guidance regarding vascular access management, the system comprising:

pasting a paper; and

a machine operably coupled to a sticker, the machine comprising:

a camera device, wherein the camera device is configured to generate an image of the sticker by adhering the sticker to an appendage of a patient at an insertion site and aligning the machine with the sticker; and

a processor operatively coupled to the camera device, the processor configured to determine whether the sticker is located at a preferred insertion site or a non-preferred insertion site on the appendage of the patient, and generate a graphical representation of the appendage of the patient at the insertion site displayed on a display of the machine to initiate an educational guidance mode of the machine.

37. The system of claim 36, wherein the sticker includes a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface including a key centered on the first surface, one or more indicia on the first surface located at or near respective corners of the sticker, and an arrow on the first surface located along a bottom edge of the sticker.

38. The system of claim 36, wherein the sticker comprises an image of an arm of the patient indicating multiple insertion sites for the IV catheter.

39. The system of claim 36, wherein the machine further comprises rendering circuitry configured to render one or more images of the digital insertion site by rendering one or more graphical images corresponding to the data items associated with the insertion site.

40. The system of claim 36, wherein the machine comprises a mobile device.

41. A computer-implemented method for initiating an educational guidance mode on a machine, the method comprising:

instructing, by a machine, a user to place a sticker at a first insertion site of a plurality of potential insertion sites on an appendage of a patient; and

interacting with the sticker via the machine to initiate an educational guidance mode on the computing device.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the machine is held over the sticker by a user, the method further comprising:

generating, by a machine, a representative image of an appendage of a patient; and

the representative image is displayed on a display of the machine.

43. The method of claim 41, further comprising: during the educational guidance mode, it is determined by the machine whether the first insertion site is a preferred insertion site or a non-preferred insertion site.

44. The method of claim 43, further comprising prompting a user via a machine to learn more information about potential complications and risk factors associated with the selected insertion site.

45. A method for initiating an educational guidance mode on a machine, the method comprising:

receiving, by a machine, a request from a user to initiate a result-based learning procedure;

presenting a plurality of patient profiles to a user via a display of a machine;

querying, by a machine, a user to select a first patient profile of the plurality of patient profiles presented on a display;

after the user selects the first patient profile, prompting, by the machine, the user to select an insertion site from a plurality of potential insertion sites on the appendage of the patient for insertion of the IV catheter; and

the user is instructed by the machine to select, based at least in part on the first patient profile, one or more appropriate products required for proper insertion of the IV catheter into the appendage of the patient at the first insertion site.

46. The method of claim 45, wherein instructing, by the machine, the user to select one or more appropriate products needed to properly insert the IV catheter into the appendage of the patient at the first insertion site further comprises:

displaying available products on a display; and

the user is instructed to select the appropriate one or more of the available products to be used in the correct order.

47. The method of claim 45, wherein instructing the user to select one or more appropriate products of the available products to be used in the correct order comprises:

prompting, by the machine, the user to select an appropriate catheter from the plurality of catheters for the first patient profile;

prompting, by the machine, a user to select an appropriate procedure for preparing a first insertion site for insertion of the catheter;

prompting, by the machine, a user to select an appropriate connector from the plurality of connectors;

prompting, by the machine, a user to select an appropriate dressing from a plurality of dressing selections; and

the user is prompted by the machine to determine whether extension of the suite is required.

48. The method of claim 47 further comprising prompting, by the machine, the user to continue the online access procedure, wherein during the online access procedure, the machine prompts the user to place a plurality of processing steps in the numbered process step locations.

49. The method of claim 48, further comprising:

prompting, by the machine user, to construct a catheter, scrub a needle hub, flush the IV catheter, and administer an example medication with the one or more suitable products of choice; and

results of the plurality of selections made by the user are displayed on the display.

50. The method of claim 49 wherein if each of the plurality of selections is correct, displaying a congratulatory response on the display for affirmative strengthening.

51. The method of claim 49, wherein if one or more of the plurality of selections are incorrect, the method further comprises:

instructing, by the machine, a user to position a sticker operably coupled to the machine at the selected insertion site; and

the user is prompted by the machine to place the machine over the sticker to view one or more complications associated with improper selection of an insertion site on the display.

52. The method of claim 51, further comprising:

prompting, by the machine, the user to continue the educational guidance mode; and

prompting, by the machine, the user to reselect at least one of: the location of an incorrectly selected product or a non-sequential step of the line access procedure.

53. The method of claim 52, further comprising:

determining by the machine that the user selected the correct product and sequentially correctly positioning the line access process steps;

determining, by the machine, that the user is interested in learning more information about the peripheral IV therapy; and

a link to the site is provided by the machine to the user to learn more about peripheral IV therapy.

54. A method for providing an educational guidance mode on a machine, the method comprising:

prompting, by the machine, the user to select an insertion site from a plurality of potential insertion sites on the appendage of the patient for insertion of the IV catheter;

instructing, by the machine, the user to select, from a plurality of product categories, a first product category required for proper insertion of the IV catheter into the appendage of the patient at the insertion site;

instructing, by the machine, the user to select a correct product from the first product category based at least in part on the patient's profile; and

the selected product is displayed on a display of the machine.

55. The method of claim 54, further comprising:

instructing, by the machine, the user to select, from the plurality of product categories, a second product category required for proper insertion of the IV catheter into the appendage of the patient at the insertion site;

instructing, by the machine, the user to select a second correct product from the second product category based at least in part on the patient's profile; and

displaying the second selected product on a display of the machine.

56. The method of claim 54, further comprising:

determining, by the machine, that the selected product is not the correct product; and

displaying one or more complications associated with improper selection of the correct product on the display.