CN112368157A - Method for manufacturing wheel disc - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing wheel disc Download PDFInfo
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- CN112368157A CN112368157A CN201980041518.0A CN201980041518A CN112368157A CN 112368157 A CN112368157 A CN 112368157A CN 201980041518 A CN201980041518 A CN 201980041518A CN 112368157 A CN112368157 A CN 112368157A
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- wheel disc
- wheel
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- preform
- flange
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000712 Boron steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000885 Dual-phase steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000742 Microalloyed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;manganese Chemical compound [Mn]#B PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
- B60B3/04—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with a single disc body not integral with rim, i.e. disc body and rim being manufactured independently and then permanently attached to each other in a second step, e.g. by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
- B60B2310/20—Shaping
- B60B2310/206—Shaping by stamping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
- B60B2310/20—Shaping
- B60B2310/226—Shaping by cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
- B60B2310/50—Thermal treatment
- B60B2310/54—Hardening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2900/00—Purpose of invention
- B60B2900/10—Reduction of
- B60B2900/111—Weight
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2900/00—Purpose of invention
- B60B2900/10—Reduction of
- B60B2900/112—Costs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2900/00—Purpose of invention
- B60B2900/30—Increase in
- B60B2900/311—Rigidity or stiffness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2900/00—Purpose of invention
- B60B2900/30—Increase in
- B60B2900/331—Safety or security
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing a wheel disc (3) having: an outer region (3.8) having at least sectionally encircling wheel disc lugs (3.81) which are provided for form-fitting, force-fitting and/or material-fitting connection to the rim lock to form a wheel; an inner region (3.6) having a wheel contact region (3.1) in which a plurality of attachment holes (3.3) are provided for receiving fastening means for releasably attaching a wheel (5) to a vehicle hub; and a middle region (3.7) connecting the outer region (3.8) and the inner region (3.6), wherein a plurality of radially oriented spokes (3.4) are provided, which are distributed over the circumference of the wheel disc (3) and are spaced apart from one another by ventilation openings (3.9, 3.10). The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a wheel.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wheel disc, the wheel disc having: an outer region having at least sectionally encircling wheel disc lugs which are provided for form-fitting, force-fitting and/or material-fitting connection to the rim lock ring to form a wheel; an interior region having a wheel contact region in which a plurality of attachment apertures are provided for receiving securing means for releasably attaching the wheel to a hub of a vehicle; and an intermediate region connecting the outer region and the inner region, wherein a plurality of radially oriented spokes are provided, which are distributed over the circumference of the wheel disc and are spaced apart from one another by ventilation openings.
Background
Wheels or vehicle wheels are safety components and must therefore be able to withstand high mechanical and dynamic alternating stresses for a long time during driving. A conventional sheet-structured "steel wheel" usually consists of a wheel disc (spoke) which ensures the connection to the hub of the automobile and a rim (rim) for receiving the tire. Wheel assemblies are today manufactured by cold forming in multiple steps (up to 11 steps) on a multi-station automatic press. Hitherto, only microalloyed steels (structural steels, fine-grained steels) and dual-phase steels having a strength of 400 to 600MPa have been used. The preferred connection technology is MAG welding in combination with a pressure connection (deep bed rim).
The weight of the wheel acts excessively on the energy consumption of the vehicle as a rotating moving mass and also on the unsprung mass. The general objective is therefore to achieve as low a wheel weight as possible in combination with a desirably high stiffness. In comparison with conventionally produced wheels, the lightweight construction potential can be further exploited with steel if, on the one hand, higher-strength or fatigue-strength materials are used to reliably withstand the working loads, and, on the other hand, geometric adaptations such as strong embossing and flanges can be achieved to compensate for the loss of stiffness due to the smaller material thickness. However, as material strength increases, the cold forming capability of conventional steel (carbon steel), which is typically almost exhausted in existing wheel discs, also typically decreases. Therefore, based on current wheel manufacturing concepts, light weight structures made of cold formable and higher strength steels have met with technical hurdles. In addition to the weight of the wheels, the design also plays a critical role in passenger vehicles. The design freedom and attractiveness of the known steel wheels is therefore also severely limited by the conventional construction methods and materials.
In addition to so-called cold forming, so-called hot forming or the like is also used in vehicle/body construction, which is also referred to in the technical field as indirect or direct hot forming. By using thermoforming, the requirements of high formability and high strength of the final shaped part can be met at the same time. In the prior art, it is sufficient to know corresponding forming methods which are carried out with a preceding heat treatment of the workpiece, for example in a separate furnace, in particular hot forming and press hardening of the steel sheet. However, thermoforming has hitherto not been established for use in automobile construction for the crucial cyclically loaded components made of sheet steel, such as transverse links, wheels or axle carriers.
As prior art for hot forming sheet metal for passenger vehicle wheels or corresponding wheel discs which can be press-hardened at least in regions, reference is made to DE 102007019485 a1, DE 102013114245B 3 and DE 102014108901B 3. The emphasis of these documents is essentially on the local mechanical part properties of the wheel disc after hot forming or press hardening, and the corresponding method steps or devices for manufacturing a wheel disc for a standard steel wheel without design complexity, which wheel disc is usually rotationally symmetrical in terms of the contour outside the wheel contact face.
Documents DE 112007000239T 5 and EP 2495110B 1 disclose wheels or methods for producing design-optimized and/or spoke-shaped wheel discs for wheels by means of multistage cold forming using corresponding devices. A disadvantage of these known methods is that the "high" sheet thickness of the wheel disc is about 5.0 to 6.5mm, which is structurally necessary due to the large area of the ventilation holes and the material properties. Furthermore, based on the drawing and/or deep-drawing method, severe limitations in further design optimization are caused by the almost completely depleted forming stock and the critical thinning of the metal sheet in the load-critical region.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a suitable method for manufacturing a design-optimized and/or spoke-shaped wheel disc for a vehicle wheel, and a method for manufacturing a vehicle wheel, by which a vehicle wheel with a high degree of freedom of design, stiffness, weight saving, handling strength and safety is provided, in particular at an acceptable production cost.
This object is solved by a method having the features of claim 1.
According to a first teaching, the invention relates to a method for producing a wheel disc having an outer region with at least sectionally encircling wheel disc lugs which are provided for form-fitting, force-fitting and/or material-fitting connection to a rim ring to form a wheel; having an interior region with a wheel contact region in which a plurality of attachment holes are provided for receiving securing means for releasably attaching the wheel to a hub of a vehicle; and an intermediate region connecting the outer region and the inner region, wherein a plurality of radially oriented spokes are provided, distributed over the circumference of the wheel disc and spaced from each other by ventilation holes, the method comprising the steps of:
-forming a semi-finished product from a hardenable steel plate,
cold forming the semifinished product into a wheel disc preform, wherein the wheel disc preform has at least one spoke preform having a respective flange region preform,
-at least partially or completely heating the wheel disc preform to at least aC1And then toHot forming and/or at least partially press hardening in areas to form a wheel disc, wherein the spoke preform having at least the flange area preform is converted into a temporary spoke form having a temporary flange area,
-trimming at least in sections in the temporary flange area of the wheel disc in order to produce the final geometry of the spokes and/or of the ventilation holes in the wheel disc.
The inventors' studies on fatigue strength have revealed that hardenable steel materials mainly having a martensite and/or bainite structure, such as manganese boron steel, quenched and tempered steel and air hardened and oil hardened steel, have a significantly improved cyclic alternating bending strength as compared with conventionally used dual phase steel and microalloyed steel, and therefore, further weight reduction can be achieved in principle by reducing the plate thickness of the wheel disc. Furthermore, since the fillet transition can have smaller dimensions and thus the overall design can be constructed in a more complex manner, the design of the wheel disc can be positively influenced by reducing the plate thickness. However, the processing potential of direct sheet thermoforming is limited, where it is not possible to produce design-optimized and/or spoke-like wheel discs with acceptable sheet thinning in a satisfactory manner.
The wheel disc preform is produced in a cold forming process of a semifinished product having at least one spoke preform each having a flange region preform, wherein the semifinished product is preferably provided in the form of a steel plate blank, wherein the plate thickness of the semifinished product is preferably between 2.5 and 10mm, in particular a maximum of 8mm, preferably a maximum of 6 mm. Since the spokes on the wheel disc each have at least one flange having a maximum flange height in the radial longitudinal extent of the spoke, it is preferred to produce during cold forming a spoke preform having a flange region preform, wherein the flange height of the flange region preform preformed is at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 60%, further preferably at least 70%, of the maximum flange height. It is advantageous to preform a high degree of deformation, or a large flange height, by cold forming, which is in particular close to the target height or final geometry, since the risk of thinning in hot forming is much greater than in cold forming, depending on the complexity, in particular on the degree of deformation. Furthermore, the occurrence of latent cold hardening due to cold forming by heating, in particular by austenitization, for subsequent hot forming in combination with press hardening can be partially, for example completely, eliminated again. The semifinished product is cold-formed into a wheel disc preform having spoke preforms each having a flange region preform, so that a positive influence can be exerted on the construction and design and an adverse thinning of the sheet material is counteracted.
According to the invention, the wheel disc preform is at least partially or completely heated to at least AC1Preferably heated to a temperature of at least AC3Or fully heated and then at least partially thermoformed and/or at least partially press quenched into a wheel disc, wherein the spoke preforms having at least the flange area preforms are respectively converted or formed into temporary spoke pieces having temporary flange areas.
At least regionally thermoforming is to be understood in particular as forming the wheel disc preform into the desired final geometry of the wheel disc (nominal geometry) and/or calibrating to the final geometry of the wheel disc in order to improve dimensional accuracy or to comply with tolerances. In combination with at least partial press quenching, particularly alternatively only by at least partial press quenching of the cold formed wheel disc preform, a wheel disc is provided having final mechanical properties and an at least partially predominantly martensitic and/or bainitic microstructure. The wheel disc can also be fully press hardened if desired. The predominantly martensitic or bainitic microstructure requires a minimum proportion of the microstructure phases, alone or in combination, of at least 50 area%, in particular at least 60 area%, preferably at least 70 area%, particularly preferably at least 80 area%.
At a temperature AC1The microstructure begins to transform into austenite, and when the temperature A is exceededC3The microstructure is in particular present in the fully austenitic form. The wheel disc preform is preferably heated to at least aC3Such that a substantially austenitic texture is present throughout the component. A. theC1And AC3Are characteristic values depending on the composition (alloy composition) of the steel used and can be obtained from the so-called zta (tta) and ztu (ttt) diagrams. At least part of the press hardening is preferably carried out in a device in which, in particular, the hot forming takes place at least in regions, wherein the device is actively cooled in at least one region to be press hardened, so that rapid cooling, in particular to M, is brought about by contact with the tool, in particular with the tool surface/tool active surface of the toolf(martensite finish) in order to transform the austenite into a hard structure which may contain, in particular, predominantly martensite and/or bainite. The desired cooling rate can also be obtained from the ZTU map according to the desired organization.
In the selection of a hardenable steel material in combination with indirect hot forming, the conventional production line can be used further and, in connection therewith, individual components for the production of vehicle wheels can be produced cost-effectively, since the hardenable steel in its as-delivered or cold worked state has a comparable moderate strength compared to conventional steel and therefore comparable, suitable formability, which is particularly suitable for cold forming of wheel discs (preforms). After cold forming, the potential of the hardenable steel is not yet exhausted, so that according to a design embodiment of the method according to the invention the hardenable steel plate has a carbon content of at least 0.08 wt.%, in particular at least 0.15 wt.%, preferably at least 0.22 wt.%. The steel sheet provided may be a case-hardened or quenched and tempered steel, in particular a grade of C10, C15, C22, C35, C45, C55, C60, 42CrMo4, a manganese-containing steel, in particular a grade of 8MnCrB3, 16MnB5, 16MnCr5, 17MnB3, 20MnB5, 22MnB5, 30MnB5, 37MnB4, 37MnB5, 40MnB4 or an air-hardened steel, an oil-hardened steel or a multi-layer steel material composite, for example having three steel layers, at least one of which is hardenable.
According to the invention, the temporary flange region of the wheel disc is trimmed at least in sections in order to produce the final geometry of the spokes and/or ventilation openings in the wheel disc. Due to the trimming according to the invention, the wheel disc is given, inter alia, a final overall geometry (final geometry). In order to be able to provide sophisticated embodiments and high-demand designs, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the method, the trimming is carried out by means of a laser. The use of lasers for trimming, although more expensive than mechanical separation devices, can be personalized and adapted to various requirements as required. The embodiment of the finished profile, in particular the final geometry of the wheel disc, is essentially unlimited in part as well as in whole.
According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, temporary holes (relief holes) are introduced in the intermediate region of the wheel disc to be formed before, during or after cold forming, said temporary holes preferably being arranged in the region of the ventilation holes to be produced. The temporary holes are preferably introduced in the flat steel sheet before cold forming and serve as relief holes, which can have a positive effect on the material flow during shaping.
According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, a central bore and/or connecting bores are introduced into the inner region of the wheel disc to be formed before, during or after cold forming. The central aperture herein may perform one or more functions. In one aspect, the central hole may be used for later positioning on the hub and/or in the equipment for thermoforming and/or press quenching (thermoforming tool and/or press quenching tool) and/or as a relief hole, in particular for material flow during the forming process. The central bore may also have an angled flange, for example in the form of a flange, which surrounds the central bore in sections or completely. For example, the holes may be introduced by mechanical means (punching and/or stamping tools). The tool may for example be integrated in a cold forming tool. Alternatively, a central bore and/or connecting bores can be introduced into the inner region of the wheel disc during or after at least partial hot forming with at least partial press hardening. When introducing the holes during thermoforming, for example, mechanical means (one or more punching and/or stamping tools) are integrated into one or more thermoforming and/or die quenching tools. If the holes are introduced after thermoforming, it can thus be ensured, for example, that the respectively introduced holes remain in their set position also without further shaping. The subsequent perforation can preferably be carried out by means of a laser and can in particular be combined with the trimming of the wheel disc according to the invention.
The ventilation holes, the central hole and the connecting holes in the wheel disk are further preferably introduced by means of a laser, said wheel disk being at least regionally thermoformed and at least regionally press-hardened.
According to one embodiment of the method, at least one region of the wheel disk is not press hardened. For example, the disk lugs of the wheel disk are not press-hardened in order to avoid the formation of softened regions during the production of the wheel, in particular during the joining of the wheel disk to the rim lock ring in a material-fit manner, preferably by welding, or in order to reduce the softening in the heat-affected zone which is formed in the presence of a hardened structure and forms a metallurgical gap which no longer ensures sufficient operating strength and/or stability of the entire wheel. Furthermore, it is advantageous to set a specific ductility in the connecting region of the wheel disc, since it is preferable to press in the wheel disc, which may lead to preliminary damage in the case of insufficient local deformability, which is undesirable.
According to a second teaching, the invention relates to a method for producing a vehicle wheel, wherein a rim lock ring and a wheel disc produced according to the invention are provided, wherein the wheel disc is connected to the rim lock ring in a material-fit, force-fit and/or form-fit manner. To avoid repetition, reference is made to advantageous embodiments for manufacturing the wheel disc.
The rim lock ring provided is preferably made of a semi-finished product made of sheet steel, for example by cold forming and/or hot forming with at least partial press hardening.
Drawings
The invention will be explained in more detail below by means of the figures. Like parts have like reference numerals throughout. In the figure:
figure 1 shows a flow diagram for manufacturing a wheel disc according to a first embodiment in the form of a top schematic instantaneous view,
figures 2a to d show a flow chart for manufacturing a wheel disc according to a second embodiment in perspective, transient view and a finished wheel disc in top view, an
Fig. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram for manufacturing a wheel.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a flow diagram for producing a wheel disc (3) according to a first embodiment in the form of a top schematic view. Preferably, a steel plate blank made of a hardenable steel material is provided as a semi-finished product (1), wherein the steel plate thickness is preferably between 2.5mm and 10 mm. The hardenable steel sheet (1) has a carbon content of at least 0.08 wt.%. Before cold forming, temporary holes (1.1) are introduced into the steel plate (1), which are arranged in the region of the ventilation holes (3.10) to be produced on the wheel disc (3) (see upper row, left instantaneous view). The top row of the middle transient view shows the wheel disc preform (1') after cold forming in a device not shown. The cold forming is not limited to one step (single stage) as shown in the present embodiment, nor to one apparatus, but relatively, the cold forming may be performed in a plurality of steps (multi-stage), and particularly, may be performed in a plurality of apparatuses. The wheel disc preform (1') after cold forming has at least one spoke preform (1'.4) with a flange region preform (1'.43) each. The flange region preform (1'.43) is preformed to a flange height (1'.42) of at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, of the maximum flange height (3.42), see fig. 2 d). The introduced relief holes (1.1) have a positive influence on the material flow during cold forming.
Once the wheel disc preform (1') has been built, the wheel disc preform (1') is at least partially or fully heated to at least A by suitable means (not shown), for example in a continuous furnaceC1Preferably at least AC3Or sufficiently heated, and then thermoforming and/or at least partially press quenching the hot wheel disc preform (1') at least regionally. Other heating means, such as radiation, electrical conduction, induction, may also be used alone or in combination. In this embodiment, the at least partial hot forming with at least partial press hardening is carried out in two steps or in two devices, not shown, in each case, wherein in the first step the hot forming is carried outThermoforming and subjecting the hot wheel disc preform (1') only to thermoforming and, as shown in the upper right-hand momentary drawing, further shaping of the intermediate region (3.7) or spoke preform (1'.4) of the wheel disc (3) to be manufactured to obtain an intermediate profile piece (2.4). In addition to the preforming of the spoke (3.4) to be produced in the radial longitudinal direction, the contour of a medium-preformed connecting seat surface with the connecting hole (3.3) to be produced is also shown in the inner region (3.6) of the wheel disc (3) to be produced.
The intermediate profile (2) of the wheel disk (3) to be built, which is still hot, is at least partially press-hardened in a second step or in a second device, not shown, for example in a press-hardening tool, or in particular (further) hot-formed and at least partially press-hardened in a hot-forming and press-hardening tool. The device, not shown, has the contour or geometry of the wheel disk (3), wherein the still hot intermediate profile (2) is converted into an at least partially press-hardened wheel disk (3) by a corresponding action of the active surface of the device. By at least partially press hardening, a hardened structure is formed at least in regions in the wheel disc (3), by means of which a high dimensional accuracy can be achieved by avoiding spring back and the running strength can be achieved. The device (thermoforming/press-hardening tool) not shown can have means for active and/or passive cooling, in particular for avoiding heating of the tool and for ensuring at least partial press-hardening of the wheel disc (3). The intermediate profile (2) remains in the device for a specific time and, in particular, after a certain temperature has been reached, in particular when substantially all transformation processes (bainite and/or martensite) have been completed and the desired microstructure in the wheel disk (3) has been set, in particular when M is reachedfAfter the temperature, it was taken out again. The spoke preform with at least the flange area preform is converted or formed into a temporary spoke profile (2.4) with a temporary flange area (2.43). Furthermore, the inner region (3.6) of the wheel disc and the mounting surface of the connection hole (3.3) to be established are also further shaped, or respectively completely or finally shaped, see the lower row right-hand side of the instant view.
In order to produce the final geometry of the spokes (3.4) and the ventilation openings (3.9) on the wheel disc (3), an at least partial trimming is carried out in the temporary flange region (2.43) of the wheel disc (3). The temporary flange area (2.43) is trimmed using a trimming device, not shown, preferably by means of a laser, so that large-area ventilation holes (3.9) and fine spokes (3.4) can be produced. By means of the laser, a predetermined trimming contour can be specifically followed, so that a highly demanding design can be provided. Furthermore, an inner region (3.6) of the wheel disk (3) is preferably further machined by means of a laser, in which the final hole geometry of the central hole (3.5) and the connecting hole (3.3) is produced, see the lower row of left-hand instantaneous photographs. The wheel disc (3) may then be subjected to other steps, for example, optional further finishing and/or optional surface blasting, to potentially remove scale produced on the wheel disc (3) and to attach to the rim band (4) to produce a wheel (5) having an optional subsequent cathodic dip coating (KTL) for establishing a predetermined protection against corrosion.
Fig. 2a) to 2c) show a flow diagram for producing a wheel disc (3) according to a second exemplary embodiment in a perspective view. Fig. 2a) shows a wheel disc preform (1') in perspective, in a perspective, instantaneous view after cold forming in one step or in a device not shown, wherein a steel plate blank, preferably made of hardenable steel, is provided as a semifinished product. The plate thickness is between 2.5 and 10mm, wherein the hardenable steel plate has a carbon content of at least 0.08 wt.%. The central bore (1'. 3) is introduced before, during or after cold forming. After cold forming, the wheel disc preform (1') has at least one spoke preform (1'.4) having a flange region preform (1'.43) each. The flange height (1'.42) of the flange region preform (1'.43) is preformed to be at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40% of the maximum flange height (3.42). Furthermore, the contour of a suitably preformed seat surface with the connection opening (3.3) to be formed is shown in the inner region (3.6) of the wheel disc (3) to be built.
After cold forming, holes (1'.1) are introduced, wherein in each case a first hole (1'.1) is punched into the spoke preform (1'.4), wherein the first hole has a substantially oval shape, and in each case one spoke pair (1'.4) is formed from one spoke (1'.4), and a second hole (1'.1) is punched in the circumference between the spokes (1'.4), which second hole spaces the spokes (1'.4) or the spoke pairs from one another and has a substantially triangular shape in each case. The punching/punching is carried out in a separate device, not shown for example, which is preferably equipped with a mechanical trimming device, see the momentary drawing in fig. 2 b).
The wheel disc preform (1') is at least partially or completely heated to at least a by means of a suitable device (not shown), for example in a continuous furnaceC1Preferably at least AC3Or heating it completely, wherein the hot wheel disc preform (1') is subsequently at least partially thermoformed and at least partially press-quenched. Other heating means, such as radiation, electrical conduction, induction, may also be used alone or in combination. The hot wheel disc preform (1') is at least partially thermoformed and at least partially press-hardened in a device not shown, in particular in a thermoforming and press-hardening tool. The devices, not shown, each have the contour or geometry of the wheel disc (3), wherein the hot wheel disc preform (1') is converted into an at least partially press-hardened wheel disc (3) by a corresponding action of the active surfaces of the devices. By at least partially press hardening, a hardened structure is formed at least partially in the wheel disc (3), by means of which a high dimensional accuracy can be achieved by avoiding spring back and the running strength can be achieved. The device (hot forming and press hardening tool, not shown) can have a device for active and/or passive cooling, with the device being a device for avoiding heating of the tool and for ensuring at least partial press hardening of the wheel disc (3). The wheel disc profile (1') remains in the device for a specific time and, in particular, after a certain temperature has been reached, in particular when substantially all transformation processes (bainite and/or martensite) have been completed and the desired microstructure in the wheel disc (3) has been set, in particular when M is reachedfAfter the temperature, it was taken out. The spoke preform with at least the flange area preform is transformed or formed into a temporary spoke form (2.4) with a temporary flange area (2.43), see the momentary drawing in fig. 2 c).
In order to produce the final geometry of the spokes (3.4) and the ventilation openings (3.9,3.10) on the wheel disc (3), the wheel disc (3) is trimmed at least in sections in the temporary flange region (2.43). The temporary flange area (2.43) is trimmed using a trimming device, not shown, preferably by means of a laser, so that large-area ventilation holes (3.9,3.10) and fine spokes (3.4) can be produced. By means of the laser, a predetermined trimming contour can be specifically followed, so that a highly demanding design can be provided. Furthermore, the inner region (3.6) of the wheel disc (3), in which the final hole geometry of the connection hole (3.3) is produced, is preferably further processed by means of a laser, see fig. 2 d). The wheel disc (3) may then be subjected to other steps, for example, optional further finishing and/or optional surface blasting, to potentially remove scale produced on the wheel disc (3) and to attach to the rim band (4) to produce a wheel (5) having an optional subsequent cathodic dip coating (KTL) for establishing a predetermined protection against corrosion.
Fig. 2d) shows a plan view of the wheel disc (3) according to the second embodiment. This plan view corresponds to an illustration of the so-called rear side of the wheel disc (3) which is not visible in the assembled state. The wheel disc (3) has an outer region (3.8) having at least partially, preferably completely, circumferential wheel disc lugs (3.81) which are provided for a form-fitting, force-fitting and/or material-fitting connection to the rim lock ring (4) to form a wheel (5); having an inner region (3.6) with a wheel contact region (3.1) in which a plurality of connection holes (3.3) are provided, in particular with a hole geometry and/or a connection seat surface, for accommodating a fastening device for releasably connecting the wheel to a wheel hub (not shown) of a vehicle; and a central region (3.7) which connects the outer region (3.8) and the inner region (3.6), wherein a plurality of radially oriented spokes (3.4) are provided which are distributed over the circumference of the wheel disk (3) and are spaced apart from one another by ventilation openings (3.9, 3.10).
The wheel disc lugs (3.81) can be eliminated as part of the outer region (3.8) during cold forming for forming the wheel disc preform (1') and/or during hot forming for forming the wheel disc (3). The hole geometry and/or the seat surface of the connection hole (3.3) can be formed in the inner region (3.6) during a cold forming process for forming the wheel disc preform (1') and/or during a hot forming process for forming the wheel disc (3). In particular, the central bore (3.5) surrounded by the connection bore (3.3) can have a bent flange (3.51), for example in the form of a flange, which surrounds the central bore (3.5) in sections or completely. The shape of the ventilation openings (3.9,3.10) in combination with the design embodiment of the spokes (3.4) can preferably have an influence on the design configuration.
Fig. 2d) also shows a sectional view along a line AA, which is transverse to the radial longitudinal extent of the spoke (3.4), wherein the spoke (3.4) has at least one flange (3.41) having a maximum flange height (3.42) in the radial longitudinal extension of the spoke.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram for producing a vehicle wheel (5), wherein a wheel disc (3) and a rim lock ring (4) produced according to the invention are initially provided. The rim lock ring (4) can be produced from a semi-finished product made of sheet steel, which is produced by cold forming and/or hot forming and at least partial press hardening. The wheel disc (3) is mounted on the rim lock ring (4) in a material-fit, force-fit and/or form-fit manner to form the wheel (5). The connection is particularly preferably carried out by means of a press fit (force fit and/or form fit) in combination with a thermal joining method (material fit), for example MAG welding or laser welding.
Preferably, wheels of highly demanding design can be manufactured for passenger motor vehicles by the method according to the invention. The individual features shown in the respective embodiments can also be contained separately from one another or combined with one another. The wheel disc (3) can be press-hardened completely or only partially, for example only in the inner region (3.6) and the intermediate region (3.7) of the wheel disc (3). Preferably, no press hardening is carried out in the outer region (3.8) of the wheel disc (3) or on the wheel disc lugs (3.81) which are intended in particular to be connected to the rim lock ring (4) at least in a material-fitting manner, in order to avoid the formation of softened regions during the production of the wheel (5), in particular during the material-fitting connection of the wheel disc (3) to the rim lock ring (4). The rim lock ring (4) may be fully, partially or completely free of die quenching.
The individual forming steps of punching/stamping, cold forming, hot forming combined with at least partial press hardening, etc. can also be carried out in one step and in a plurality of steps, respectively, or in one apparatus or a plurality of apparatuses (tools), respectively, depending on the complexity and the design to be built up, respectively. Preferably, the wheel disc lugs in the outer region of the wheel disc to be manufactured are produced or eliminated, respectively, during cold forming.
The produced wheel (5) is preferably used in a passenger vehicle with an internal combustion engine and/or an electric drive.
Claims (11)
1. A method for manufacturing a wheel disc (3) having: an outer region (3.8) having at least sectionally encircling wheel disc lugs (3.81) which are provided for form-fitting, force-fitting and/or material-fitting connection to the rim lock ring (4) to form a wheel; an inner region (3.6) having a wheel contact region (3.1) in which a plurality of attachment holes (3.3) are provided for receiving securing means for releasably attaching a wheel (5) to a hub of a vehicle; and a middle region (3.7) connecting the outer region (3.8) and the inner region (3.6), wherein a plurality of radially oriented spokes (3.4) are provided, which are distributed over the circumference of the wheel disc (3) and are spaced apart from one another by ventilation holes (3.9,3.10), the method comprising the following steps:
-producing a semi-finished product (1) from a hardenable steel plate,
-cold forming the semifinished product (1) into a wheel disc preform (1'), wherein the wheel disc preform (1') has at least one spoke preform (1'.4) having a respective flange region preform (1'.43),
-at least partially or completely heating the wheel disc preform (1') to at least aC1And subsequently at least regionally thermoforming and/or at least partially press-quenching, to form a wheel disc (3), wherein at least the spoke preform (1'.4) with the flange region preform (1'.43) is transformed into a temporary spoke piece (2.4) with a temporary flange region (2.43),
-trimming at least in sections in the temporary flange area (2.43) of the wheel disc (3) in order to produce the final geometry of the spokes (3.4) and/or ventilation holes (3.9,3.10) on the wheel disc (3).
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the semi-finished product (1) is provided as a flat steel plate blank.
3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of the semifinished product (1) is between 2.5 and 10mm, in particular at most 8mm, preferably at most 6 mm.
4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein trimming is performed by means of a laser.
5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spokes (3.4) each have at least one flange (3.41) having a maximum flange height (3.42) in the radial longitudinal extension of the spokes (3.4), wherein spoke preforms (1'.4) each having a flange area preform (1'.43) are produced, and the flange height (1'.42) of the flange area preforms (1'.43) is at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, of the maximum flange height (3.42).
6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein temporary holes (1.1, 1'.1, 1'. 3) are introduced in the intermediate region (3.7) of the wheel disc (3) to be formed before, during or after cold forming, said temporary holes preferably being provided in the region of the ventilation holes (3.9,3.10) to be produced.
7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the central hole (3.5) and/or the plurality of connecting holes (3.3) are introduced into the inner region (3.6) of the wheel disc (3) to be formed before, during or after cold forming.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the central hole (3.5) and/or the plurality of connecting holes (3.3) are introduced in the inner region (3.6) of the wheel disc (3) before, during or after the at least regional hot forming with at least partial press hardening.
9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hardenable steel plate has a carbon content of at least 0.08 wt. -%, in particular at least 0.15 wt. -%, preferably at least 0.22 wt. -%.
10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a region of the wheel disc (3), in particular the wheel disc lugs (3.81) of the wheel disc (3), is not press hardened.
11. Method for producing a wheel (5), wherein a wheel disc (3) and a rim lock ring (4) are provided, wherein the wheel disc (3) is connected to the rim lock ring (4) in a material-fit, force-fit and/or form-fit manner, characterized in that the wheel disc (3) is produced according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018209878.6 | 2018-06-19 | ||
| DE102018209878.6A DE102018209878A1 (en) | 2018-06-19 | 2018-06-19 | Method of making a wheel disc |
| PCT/EP2019/065436 WO2019243147A1 (en) | 2018-06-19 | 2019-06-13 | Process for manufacturing a wheel disk |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112368157A true CN112368157A (en) | 2021-02-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201980041518.0A Pending CN112368157A (en) | 2018-06-19 | 2019-06-13 | Method for manufacturing wheel disc |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112368157A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102018209878A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019243147A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109666776B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-12-25 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司 | Hardening process for surface of low-carbon steel wheel body in road roller grinding wheel |
| CN112009168B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-12-24 | 山东小鸭精工机械有限公司 | Production method of hot-formed wheel |
| DE102021108520B4 (en) | 2021-04-06 | 2024-02-29 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Method for producing a wheel disc for a vehicle wheel |
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| US20030080606A1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-01 | Alan Coleman | Fabricated vehicle wheel and method for producing the same |
| US20030080607A1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-01 | Alan Coleman | Fabricated vehicle wheel |
| DE102007019485A1 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-11-06 | Braun, Elisabeth | Wheel rim for motor vehicle, is completely or partly press hardened, and rim is manufactured by warm shaping, particularly hot deep-drawing |
| CN101394954A (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2009-03-25 | 海斯莱默茨国际公司 | Method for producing a wheel disc |
| DE102009014670A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | Thyssenkrupp Sofedit S.A.S | Method and hot forming plant for the production of press-hardened shaped components from sheet steel |
| ITTO20120137A1 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-17 | Mw Italia S P A | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A DISC OF A WHEEL FOR VEHICLES |
| DE102016202381A1 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-17 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Vehicle wheel and use |
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| US7587825B2 (en) | 2006-02-01 | 2009-09-15 | Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc. | Method for producing a wheel disc |
| ITTO20110190A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-04 | Mw Italia S P A | WHEEL FOR VEHICLES |
| DE102013114245B3 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2015-05-21 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Method and device for producing hot-formed wheeled dishes |
| DE102014108901B3 (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2015-10-01 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Method and forming tool for hot forming and corresponding workpiece |
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2018
- 2018-06-19 DE DE102018209878.6A patent/DE102018209878A1/en active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-06-13 WO PCT/EP2019/065436 patent/WO2019243147A1/en active Application Filing
- 2019-06-13 CN CN201980041518.0A patent/CN112368157A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030080606A1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-01 | Alan Coleman | Fabricated vehicle wheel and method for producing the same |
| US20030080607A1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-01 | Alan Coleman | Fabricated vehicle wheel |
| CN101394954A (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2009-03-25 | 海斯莱默茨国际公司 | Method for producing a wheel disc |
| DE102007019485A1 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-11-06 | Braun, Elisabeth | Wheel rim for motor vehicle, is completely or partly press hardened, and rim is manufactured by warm shaping, particularly hot deep-drawing |
| DE102009014670A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | Thyssenkrupp Sofedit S.A.S | Method and hot forming plant for the production of press-hardened shaped components from sheet steel |
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| DE102016202381A1 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-17 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Vehicle wheel and use |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102018209878A1 (en) | 2019-12-19 |
| WO2019243147A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
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