CN112366935A - Converter for power factor correction and control circuit thereof - Google Patents

Converter for power factor correction and control circuit thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112366935A
CN112366935A CN202011396901.9A CN202011396901A CN112366935A CN 112366935 A CN112366935 A CN 112366935A CN 202011396901 A CN202011396901 A CN 202011396901A CN 112366935 A CN112366935 A CN 112366935A
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side switch
low
channel
switch
terminal
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Chinese (zh)
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王旭超
丰田达也
刘彦斌
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a power factor correction converter and a control circuit thereof, which outputs a direct current output voltage from an alternating current input voltage, the power factor correction converter comprising: a first high-side switch and a first low-side switch are connected in cascade between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the power factor correction converter, and a first node is switched between the first high-side switch and the first low-side switch; a second high-side switch and a second low-side switch are connected in cascade between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal, and a second node is between the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch; an inductor connected to a first terminal of an AC input voltage and a first node; a gate driver connected to the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch; a bootstrap circuit connected to the second node and the gate driver; wherein the second node is connected to a second end of the AC input voltage; the bootstrap circuit precharges at the beginning of a negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage.

Description

Converter for power factor correction and control circuit thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of converters, and particularly relates to a power factor correction converter and a control circuit thereof.
Background
In half-bridge and full-bridge circuit configurations, the transistors or switches in each leg of the bridge are connected in cascade. In a totem-pole PFC converter (TPPFC), the source terminal of the low-side transistor is connected to the PFC loop (PFC V-). Typically, a positive gate-source voltage Vgs of a few volts is sufficient to turn on a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). Also, a positive gate-source voltage Vgs higher than 2V is typically required to turn on an n-channel MOSFET for a power device. In most applications, the low voltage of the power supply is usually readily available, so driving the low side MOSFETs is almost no problem. However, the source terminal of the high-side MOSFET in the half-bridge or full-bridge circuit is connected to an intermediate point of the cascade configuration, which is also the drain terminal of the low-side MOSFET. This junction is commonly referred to as the Half Bridge (HB) node. Therefore, a positive gate voltage must be generated at node HB to turn on the high-side MOSFET. Since the voltage on the HB node can reach the rectified output voltage of the bridge circuit, a higher gate-source voltage Vgs must be provided to turn on the high side MOSFET.
Several methods of generating the gate-source voltage Vgs have been used to turn on the high-side MOSFET. One approach is to provide a separate power supply for the high-side gate driver, which can be derived from the transformer windings in the circuit. Another approach is to use an existing available power supply and a bootstrap circuit connected to the HB node. The bootstrap circuit solution uses less components and space, but requires careful consideration in the design process to ensure proper operation. If the bootstrap circuit is used in the totem-pole topology of the high-side gate driver, problems may arise when starting up the PFC converter during the negative part of the AC cycle, unless a capacitor is pre-installed in the bootstrap circuit.
However, in a two-channel TPPFC converter, the second channel can be disconnected under certain conditions to improve efficiency. However, the second channel should be able to operate without delay when needed. Bootstrapping the high-side supply input without precharging the bootstrap capacitor may result in a significant delay of several milliseconds if the channel is in the negative half cycle of the input ac voltage. This is problematic under certain conditions. One situation that requires the channel to start immediately is during the recovery of the converter after a line drop. If the recovery time falls within the negative AC half-cycle, the second channel will not start during the negative half-cycle. Typically, the control circuit driving the MOSFET is not responsive to problems such as a line loss condition, and both channels will be driven at 50% power, assuming that both the high and low side channels are in operation. In this case, only one channel is active and provides half of the required power. The result is a further drop in converter output voltage, which may cause the next converter stage to shut down due to an under-voltage input condition. Such operational behavior limits the ride-through capability of the converter.
Another condition that may cause delay problems is during transients in the load. The delay in the second channel boosting operation will cause the output voltage tracking error to increase. The control circuit can typically compensate by generating more power from the main channel. However, applying excessive stress to a channel may cause problems, such as reaching the maximum allowable current. The transient response of the converter is also affected because the sudden engagement of the second channel during the positive portion of the ac input voltage can produce an overshoot in the output voltage due to the previous power compensation from the control circuit. Due to the over-voltage condition, a significant overshoot may set various warning flags. The control circuit will eventually correct this problem and set the output power to the correct value, but the overall transient response and performance of the converter will be degraded.
As mentioned above, one way to generate the necessary gate-source voltage Vgs to turn on the high side MOSFET is to use a dedicated transformer winding to power the high side gate driver. However, dedicated windings require additional rectifiers and filters. On the other hand, using an existing power supply with a bootstrap circuit is a simpler option, but has the limitations described above.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a power factor correction converter, which outputs a direct current output voltage from an alternating current input voltage, the power factor correction converter comprises:
a first high-side switch and a first low-side switch are connected in cascade between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the power factor correction converter, and a first node is switched between the first high-side switch and the first low-side switch; a second high-side switch and a second low-side switch are connected in cascade between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal, and a second node is between the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch; an inductor connected to a first terminal of an AC input voltage and a first node; a gate driver connected to the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch; a bootstrap circuit connected to the second node and the gate driver; wherein the second node is connected to a second end of the AC input voltage; the bootstrap circuit precharges at the beginning of a negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage.
The power factor correction converter, wherein
The first high-side switch and the first low-side switch define a first channel; the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch are line transistors.
The power factor correction converter further comprises: a third high-side switch and a third low-side switch connected in cascade between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal, and a side switch and a second low-side switch between a third node and the second high terminal; wherein
The first high-side switch and the first low-side switch define a first channel;
the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch define a second channel; and
the third high-side switch and the third low-side switch are line transistors.
The power factor correction converter, wherein
Engaging the first channel by complementarily turning on and off the first high-side switch and the first low-side switch; and
the second channel is disconnected by closing the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch, except that the second low-side switch is opened at the beginning of the negative half-cycle to precharge the bootstrap circuit.
The pfc converter of claim, wherein the bootstrap circuit is not pre-powered charged when the second channel is engaged by complementarily turning on and off the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch.
The power factor correction converter, wherein
During a positive half-cycle of the ac input voltage:
during a boost operation of the first channel, the first and third low-side switches are turned on, and the first and third high-side switches are turned off;
during a boost operation of the second channel, the second and third low-side switches are turned on, and the second and third high-side switches are turned off;
during synchronous operation of the first channel, the first high-side switch and the third low-side switch are on, and the first low-side switch and the third high-side switch are off; and
when the second channel works synchronously, the second high-side switch and the third low-side switch are switched on, and the second low-side switch and the third high-side switch are switched off; and
during the negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage:
IB during the boost operation of the first channel, the first high-side switch and the third high-side switch are turned on, and the first low-side switch and the third low-side switch are turned off;
during boost operation of the second channel, the second high-side switch and the third high-side switch are turned on, and the second low-side switch and the third low-side switch are turned off;
during synchronous operation of the first channel, the first and third high-side switches are on and the first and third high-side switches are off; and
during synchronous operation of the second channel, the second and third high-side switches are turned on and the second and third low-side switches are turned off.
The power factor correction converter of the present invention, wherein,
the bootstrap circuit includes a diode and a capacitor connected in series with each other; and
the bootstrap circuit is precharged to precharge the capacitor.
A control circuit for a power factor correcting converter, the control circuit outputting a dc output voltage from an ac input voltage, the control circuit comprising:
a gate driver, comprising:
a high-side driver terminal connected to a high-side switch of the power factor correction converter to turn on and off the high-side switch;
a switch of the low-side driver-terminal power factor correction converter connected to the low-side may open and close the low-side switch;
a high-side ground terminal connected to a node between the high-side switch and the low-side switch;
the low-side grounding end is connected to the negative output end of the power factor correction converter; a high-side voltage terminal; and
a low side voltage terminal;
a controller connected to the gate driver;
a bootstrap circuit, comprising:
a bootstrap capacitor connected in parallel with the high-side voltage terminal and the high-side ground terminal and connected to a node; and
a diode connected between the bootstrap capacitor and the low side voltage terminal; and
a capacitor connected in parallel with the low-side voltage terminal and the low-side ground terminal and connected to the negative output terminal; wherein
The controller is programmed or configured to open the low-side switch at the beginning of a negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage to precharge the bootstrap capacitor.
The control circuit, the controller turns off the channel of the power factor correction converter by turning off both the high-side switch and the low-side switch and turning on the second switch; a low side switch for pre-charging the bootstrap circuit at the beginning of a negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pfc converter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a pfc converter according to the present invention, which outputs a dc output voltage from an ac input voltage, includes:
a first high-side switch and a first low-side switch are connected in cascade between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the power factor correction converter, and a first node is switched between the first high-side switch and the first low-side switch; a second high-side switch and a second low-side switch are connected in cascade between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal, and a second node is between the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch; an inductor connected to a first terminal of an AC input voltage and a first node; a gate driver connected to the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch; a bootstrap circuit connected to the second node and the gate driver; wherein the second node is connected to a second end of the AC input voltage; the bootstrap circuit precharges at the beginning of a negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage.
The power factor correction converter, wherein
The first high-side switch and the first low-side switch define a first channel; the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch are line transistors.
The power factor correction converter further comprises: a third high-side switch and a third low-side switch connected in cascade between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal, and a side switch and a second low-side switch between a third node and the second high terminal; wherein
The first high-side switch and the first low-side switch define a first channel;
the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch define a second channel; and
the third high-side switch and the third low-side switch are line transistors.
The power factor correction converter, wherein
Engaging the first channel by complementarily turning on and off the first high-side switch and the first low-side switch; and
the second channel is disconnected by closing the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch, except that the second low-side switch is opened at the beginning of the negative half-cycle to precharge the bootstrap circuit.
The pfc converter of claim, wherein the bootstrap circuit is not pre-powered charged when the second channel is engaged by complementarily turning on and off the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch.
The power factor correction converter, wherein
During a positive half-cycle of the ac input voltage:
during a boost operation of the first channel, the first and third low-side switches are turned on, and the first and third high-side switches are turned off;
during a boost operation of the second channel, the second and third low-side switches are turned on, and the second and third high-side switches are turned off;
during synchronous operation of the first channel, the first high-side switch and the third low-side switch are on, and the first low-side switch and the third high-side switch are off; and
when the second channel works synchronously, the second high-side switch and the third low-side switch are switched on, and the second low-side switch and the third high-side switch are switched off; and
during the negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage:
IB during the boost operation of the first channel, the first high-side switch and the third high-side switch are turned on, and the first low-side switch and the third low-side switch are turned off;
during boost operation of the second channel, the second high-side switch and the third high-side switch are turned on, and the second low-side switch and the third low-side switch are turned off;
during synchronous operation of the first channel, the first and third high-side switches are on and the first and third high-side switches are off; and
during synchronous operation of the second channel, the second and third high-side switches are turned on and the second and third low-side switches are turned off.
The power factor correction converter of the present invention, wherein,
the bootstrap circuit includes a diode and a capacitor connected in series with each other; and
the bootstrap circuit is precharged to precharge the capacitor.
A control circuit for a power factor correcting converter, the control circuit outputting a dc output voltage from an ac input voltage, the control circuit comprising:
a gate driver, comprising:
a high-side driver terminal connected to a high-side switch of the power factor correction converter to turn on and off the high-side switch;
a switch of the low-side driver-terminal power factor correction converter connected to the low-side may open and close the low-side switch;
a high-side ground terminal connected to a node between the high-side switch and the low-side switch;
the low-side grounding end is connected to the negative output end of the power factor correction converter; a high-side voltage terminal; and
a low side voltage terminal;
a controller connected to the gate driver;
a bootstrap circuit, comprising:
a bootstrap capacitor connected in parallel with the high-side voltage terminal and the high-side ground terminal and connected to a node; and
a diode connected between the bootstrap capacitor and the low side voltage terminal; and
a capacitor connected in parallel with the low-side voltage terminal and the low-side ground terminal and connected to the negative output terminal; wherein
The controller is programmed or configured to open the low-side switch at the beginning of a negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage to precharge the bootstrap capacitor.
The control circuit, the controller turns off the channel of the power factor correction converter by turning off both the high-side switch and the low-side switch and turning on the second switch; a low side switch for pre-charging the bootstrap circuit at the beginning of a negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage.
Although the invention has been described above with reference to various embodiments, it should be understood that many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. That is, the methods, systems, and devices discussed above are examples. Various configurations may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, in alternative configurations, the methods may be performed in an order different than that described, and/or various components may be added, omitted, and/or combined. Moreover, features described with respect to certain configurations may be combined in various other configurations, as different aspects and elements of the configurations may be combined in a similar manner. Further, elements therein may be updated as technology evolves, i.e., many elements are examples and do not limit the scope of the disclosure or claims.
Specific details are given in the description to provide a thorough understanding of the exemplary configurations including implementations. However, configurations may be practiced without these specific details, for example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques have been shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the configurations. This description provides example configurations only, and does not limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the claims. Rather, the foregoing description of the configurations will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing the described techniques. Various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure.
In conclusion, it is intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that these examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A power factor correction converter that outputs a dc output voltage from an ac input voltage, comprising:
a first high-side switch and a first low-side switch are connected in cascade between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the power factor correction converter, and a first node is switched between the first high-side switch and the first low-side switch; a second high-side switch and a second low-side switch are connected in cascade between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal, and a second node is between the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch; an inductor connected to a first terminal of an AC input voltage and a first node; a gate driver connected to the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch; a bootstrap circuit connected to the second node and the gate driver; wherein the second node is connected to a second end of the AC input voltage; the bootstrap circuit precharges at the beginning of a negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage.
2. The PFC converter of claim 1, wherein
The first high-side switch and the first low-side switch define a first channel; the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch are line transistors.
3. The power factor correction converter of claim 1, further comprising: a third high-side switch and a third low-side switch connected in cascade between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal, and a side switch and a second low-side switch between a third node and the second high terminal; wherein
The first high-side switch and the first low-side switch define a first channel;
the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch define a second channel; and
the third high-side switch and the third low-side switch are line transistors.
4. A pfc converter according to claim 3, wherein
Engaging the first channel by complementarily turning on and off the first high-side switch and the first low-side switch; and
the second channel is disconnected by closing the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch, except that the second low-side switch is opened at the beginning of the negative half-cycle to precharge the bootstrap circuit.
5. The PFC converter of claim 4, wherein the bootstrap circuit is not pre-powered hot when the second channel is engaged by complementarily turning on and off the second high-side switch and the second low-side switch.
6. A pfc converter according to claim 3, wherein
During a positive half-cycle of the ac input voltage:
during a boost operation of the first channel, the first and third low-side switches are turned on, and the first and third high-side switches are turned off;
during a boost operation of the second channel, the second and third low-side switches are turned on, and the second and third high-side switches are turned off;
during synchronous operation of the first channel, the first high-side switch and the third low-side switch are on, and the first low-side switch and the third high-side switch are off; and
when the second channel works synchronously, the second high-side switch and the third low-side switch are switched on, and the second low-side switch and the third high-side switch are switched off; and
during the negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage:
IB during the boost operation of the first channel, the first high-side switch and the third high-side switch are turned on, and the first low-side switch and the third low-side switch are turned off;
during boost operation of the second channel, the second high-side switch and the third high-side switch are turned on, and the second low-side switch and the third low-side switch are turned off;
during synchronous operation of the first channel, the first and third high-side switches are on and the first and third high-side switches are off; and
during synchronous operation of the second channel, the second and third high-side switches are turned on and the second and third low-side switches are turned off.
7. The power factor correction converter according to one of claims 1-6, wherein,
the bootstrap circuit includes a diode and a capacitor connected in series with each other; and
the bootstrap circuit is precharged to precharge the capacitor.
8. A control circuit for a power factor correcting converter, the control circuit outputting a dc output voltage from an ac input voltage, the control circuit comprising:
a gate driver, comprising:
a high-side driver terminal connected to a high-side switch of the power factor correction converter to turn on and off the high-side switch;
a switch of the low-side driver-terminal power factor correction converter connected to the low-side may open and close the low-side switch;
a high-side ground terminal connected to a node between the high-side switch and the low-side switch;
the low-side grounding end is connected to the negative output end of the power factor correction converter; a high-side voltage terminal; and
a low side voltage terminal;
a controller connected to the gate driver;
a bootstrap circuit, comprising:
a bootstrap capacitor connected in parallel with the high-side voltage terminal and the high-side ground terminal and connected to a node; and
a diode connected between the bootstrap capacitor and the low side voltage terminal; and
a capacitor connected in parallel with the low-side voltage terminal and the low-side ground terminal and connected to the negative output terminal; wherein
The controller is programmed or configured to open the low-side switch at the beginning of a negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage to precharge the bootstrap capacitor.
9. The control circuit of claim 8, wherein the controller switches off the channel of the PFC converter by turning off both the high-side switch and the low-side switch and turning on the second switch; a low side switch for pre-charging the bootstrap circuit at the beginning of a negative half-cycle of the ac input voltage.
CN202011396901.9A 2020-12-03 2020-12-03 Converter for power factor correction and control circuit thereof Withdrawn CN112366935A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022227417A1 (en) * 2021-04-25 2022-11-03 华为数字能源技术有限公司 Control system and method for totem-pole power factor correction circuit, and power adapter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022227417A1 (en) * 2021-04-25 2022-11-03 华为数字能源技术有限公司 Control system and method for totem-pole power factor correction circuit, and power adapter
US11923769B2 (en) 2021-04-25 2024-03-05 Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. System and method for controlling totem pole power factor correction circuit, and power adapter

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