CN112366777B - Constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging system based on secondary variable structure - Google Patents

Constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging system based on secondary variable structure Download PDF

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CN112366777B
CN112366777B CN202011223301.2A CN202011223301A CN112366777B CN 112366777 B CN112366777 B CN 112366777B CN 202011223301 A CN202011223301 A CN 202011223301A CN 112366777 B CN112366777 B CN 112366777B
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current
voltage
compensation capacitor
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CN112366777A (en
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范满义
史黎明
殷正刚
潘硕
裴春兴
曹春伟
岳成林
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Institute of Electrical Engineering of CAS
CRRC Tangshan Co Ltd
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CRRC Tangshan Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Based on becomeThe constant current constant voltage induction type wireless charging system of the secondary structure comprises a receiving part: receiving coil L s And a compensation capacitor C s And a compensation capacitor C f And a compensation inductance L f The rectifier filters R are sequentially connected in series; constant voltage compensation capacitor C SV And a first switch S 1 One end of the series capacitor is connected with a compensation capacitor C s And a compensation capacitor C f Is connected with a common point of the constant voltage compensation capacitor C SV And a first switch S 1 The other end of the series connection is connected with a receiving coil L s Is connected with the common point of the rectifier filter R; constant current compensation capacitor C SC And a second change-over switch S 2 One end of the capacitor is connected with a compensation capacitor C in series s And a receiving coil L s Is connected with a constant current compensation capacitor C SC And a second change-over switch S 2 The other end of the series connection and the compensation inductor L f And a compensation capacitor C f Are connected. By controlling the first switch S 1 And a first switch S 2 The system realizes constant voltage and constant current output.

Description

Constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging system based on secondary variable structure
Technical Field
The invention relates to an induction type wireless charging system.
Background
The inductive wireless power transmission technology is a novel power supply mode for transmitting electric energy to a load in a non-contact mode through an electromagnetic induction principle. The contactless charging technology of the electric automobile is gradually favored by enterprises and consumers due to the characteristics of convenience, rapidness and safety, can enhance the competitiveness of the electric automobile relative to the traditional fossil energy automobile, promotes the development of the electric automobile industry, and has wide application and development prospects.
In order to prolong the service life and the charging times of the vehicle-mounted battery and improve the safety of a charging system, the charging process of the battery is mainly divided into two charging modes of constant current and constant voltage: in the initial charging stage, a constant current charging mode is adopted, and the voltage of the battery rises; when the voltage of the battery reaches the charging set voltage, the system enters a constant voltage charging mode, the charging current is gradually reduced to the charging cut-off current, and the charging of the battery is finished. Therefore, the inductive wireless power transmission system applied to battery charging needs to realize two working modes of constant current and constant voltage output.
The existing induction type wireless charging system mainly comprises: the power frequency alternating current is rectified to obtain direct current voltage, and then the direct current is converted into high frequency alternating current by the high frequency inverter and injected into the transmitting coil to generate a high frequency alternating magnetic field; the receiving coil obtains induced electromotive force through electromagnetic induction, obtains direct current after high-frequency rectification, and provides electric energy for a load. Since the equivalent impedance of the battery is constantly changed during the charging process, the charging system needs to control the output voltage and current in real time. To solve this problem, the following methods are generally adopted: 1. closed loop feedback control is adopted in a circuit system, for example, after communication equipment is adopted to feed back a direct current voltage and a current signal rectified and output by a receiving side to a primary side control system, phase shift control or PWM control is adopted for a high-frequency inverter so as to regulate the voltage and the current output by the system; or a high-frequency controllable rectifier is adopted on the receiving side, and the output voltage and current of the system are regulated by adopting phase-shift control or PWM control; the DC-DC converter can also be cascaded after the rectification of the receiving side; the drawback is that the control cost and complexity are increased and the system stability is reduced. 2. The method adopts frequency conversion control, realizes constant-current constant-voltage output by adjusting the working frequency of the system, but in a system with frequency bifurcation, the method easily causes unstable system work.
The system topology structure or parameters are changed through the change-over switch, and the system constant voltage and constant current output is realized by a relatively simple and effective method. However, for a rectifier circuit, the existing method generally equates the rectifier input impedance to pure resistance, simplifies the analysis process, neglects the pure resistance of the rectifier bridge, and is not suitable for a system with a large-range load change.
In the application occasions of high-power wireless charging such as an electric bus, the gap between a transmitting coil and a receiving coil is large, the mutual inductance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is small, and when an LCC topological structure is adopted on a receiving side, the compensation inductance is generally small, so that the input current of a rectifier is seriously distorted, and an intermittent state appears, so that the output voltage change rate of the system is large in a constant voltage charging mode.
Li Shufan in the literature "Analysis of the input impedance of the recertifier and design of LCC compensation network of the DWPT system [ J ]. IET Power Electronics,2019,12 (10): 2678-2687 ″ researches the non-linear characteristics of the rectifier of the wireless charging system, and analyzes the influence of the continuous mode and the discontinuous mode of the input current of the rectifier bridge on the rectifier load.
Ji Li electric vehicle wireless charging system design with automatic secondary switching charging mode [ J ] power system automation, 2017 (23): 137-142 ], wherein a transmitting part adopts an LCC compensation structure, and the constant voltage and constant current automatic switching of the system is realized by switching a receiving part between an LC series compensation structure and an LCC compensation structure. However, the ground side adopts the LCC compensation structure, so that the harmonic content of the inverter output current is large, the power capacity of the inverter is increased, and the efficiency is low. The receiving side adopts an LCC compensation structure, and the input current of the rectifier can be in an intermittent state, so that the output voltage of the system is changed.
Ji Li in the literature, "research and design of wireless power transmission system based on LCL resonant compensation network secondary side automatic switching charging mode [ J ]. Proceedings of electrotechnology, 2018,33 (S1): 38-44.", it proposes a function of realizing constant voltage and constant current charging automatic switching by changing the capacitance value of compensation capacitor, but does not consider the influence of the interruption of input current of rectifier on the output voltage and current of the system.
In the topology structure disclosed in the chinese patent 201610318334.2, "an inductive wireless power transmission system capable of outputting both constant current and constant voltage", the primary side and the receiving side simultaneously adopt a series compensation structure, and the system has poor parameter offset resistance and poor robustness. Chinese patent 201610814192.9 "constant current and voltage induction type wireless charging system based on variable primary parameters" discloses an induction type wireless charging system topology structure capable of realizing constant current and voltage charging, but the primary side of the structure adopts series compensation, the receiving side adopts LCC compensation, the compensation inductance of the receiving side needs to be designed according to the output current and the induced voltage of the receiving side, and the condition of interruption of the input current of the rectifier is not considered. Chinese patent 201710217941.4 "an inductive wireless charging system with secondary variable parameters and variable structure" describes that the system structure and parameters change simultaneously during the constant voltage and constant current charging process of the topological structure. In the topological structure disclosed in the chinese patent 201610814224.5, "a constant current and constant voltage induction type wireless charging system", the receiving side is of an LCC structure, which easily causes serious distortion of input current of a rectifier and an intermittent state, resulting in a large rate of change of output voltage of the system when outputting a constant voltage, and thus the structure is not suitable for a system with a load changing in a large range.
Xiaohui Qu describes a variable-structure Constant-Current Constant-Voltage Charging topology in the literature "Qu X, han H, wong S C, et al.hybrid IPT polarities With Constant Current or Constant Voltage Output for Battery Charging Applications [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30 (11): 6329-6337", which realizes system Constant-Current Constant-Voltage Output by changing the topology. When constant current is output, the primary side and the secondary side of the system are both in series compensation structures, and the robustness is poor; when the constant voltage is output, the primary side is of an LCC structure, the design of the compensation inductor of the primary side cannot be freely designed, and the higher harmonics of the output current of the inverter cannot be effectively inhibited.
C Auvigne, in the literature "a dual-topology ICPT applied to an electric vehicle battery charger [ C ]. In proc.int. Conf.electric.mach., 2012pp.2287-2292", describes an inductive wireless power transfer system by varying the constant voltage and constant current output of the secondary structure. When constant current is output, the primary side and the secondary side of the system are both in series compensation structures, and the robustness is poor; when the constant voltage is output, the receiving side is of an LCC structure, the intermittent working state of the input current of the rectifier is easy to occur, so that the constant output voltage cannot be ensured when the constant voltage is output, and the structure is not suitable for a system with a load changing in a large range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to enable an induction type wireless charging system to realize constant current and constant voltage output, simultaneously keep the input current of a rectifier filter continuous in a wide load range and ensure the output voltage of the system to be constant in the wide load range in a constant voltage charging mode, and provides a constant current and constant voltage induction type wireless charging system based on a variable secondary structure.
The invention is suitable for the situation of charging batteries, in particular to a wireless charging system with high power and large transmission distance, such as an electric bus and a rail transit wireless charging system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging system based on a transformer structure is composed of a transmitting part and a receiving part. The transmitting part comprises a direct current power supply, a high-frequency inverter, a compensating capacitor and a transmitting coil which are connected in sequence; the receiving part comprises a receiving coil, a constant current and constant voltage switching circuit, a rectifier filter and a battery load which are connected in sequence. It is characterized in that a constant voltage and constant current switching circuit is connected in series between the receiving coil and the rectifier.
The constant-current constant-voltage switching circuit comprises the following components:
receiving coil L s And a compensation capacitor C s And a compensation capacitor C f And a compensation inductance L f And the rectifier filters R are connected in series in sequence; constant voltage compensation capacitor C SV And a first switch S 1 One end of the series capacitor is connected with a compensation capacitor C s And a compensation capacitor C f Is connected with a common point of the constant voltage compensation capacitor C SV And a first switch S 1 The other end of the series connection is connected with a receiving coil L s Is connected with the common point of the rectifier filter R; constant current compensation capacitor C SC And a second change-over switch S 2 After being connected in seriesOne terminal and a compensation capacitor C s And a receiving coil L s Is connected with a constant current compensation capacitor C SC And a second change-over switch S 2 The other end of the series connection and a compensation inductor L f And a compensation capacitor C f Are connected. First change-over switch S 1 And a first switch S 2 Is connected with the controller K.
The first change-over switch S 1 Closed, the second change-over switch S 2 When the wireless charging system is disconnected, the wireless charging system realizes constant voltage output; the first change-over switch S 1 Off, the second change-over switch S 2 And when the wireless charging system is closed, the constant current output is realized.
The compensation inductance L f The compensation inductor L plays a main role in ensuring the input current of the rectifier to be continuous, and in order to ensure that the input current of the rectifier filter is continuous in a wide load range when the wireless charging system is charged at a constant voltage, the compensation inductor L f Inductance value of
Figure BDA0002762800150000041
Determined by formula (1):
Figure BDA0002762800150000042
in the formula (1), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, V B Set voltage value for constant voltage charging of battery, I B The current value is set when the battery is charged with constant current.
The transmitting coil L P And a receiving coil L s The mutual inductance therebetween is determined by equation (2):
Figure BDA0002762800150000043
in the formula (2), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0002762800150000044
is the voltage value of the DC power supply E, pi is the circumferential rate, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, I B The voltage value is set when the battery is charged with constant current.
The compensation capacitor C f Capacitance value of
Figure BDA0002762800150000045
Determined by equation (3):
Figure BDA0002762800150000046
in formula (3), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, I B The current value set when the battery is in constant current charging,
Figure BDA0002762800150000047
is the value of the voltage of the direct current power supply E,
Figure BDA0002762800150000048
for compensating inductance L f Sensitivity value of V B The voltage value is set when the battery is charged at constant voltage.
The compensation capacitor C s Capacitance value of
Figure BDA0002762800150000049
Determined by equation (4):
Figure BDA00027628001500000410
in the formula (4), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, I B The current value set when the battery is in constant current charging,
Figure BDA00027628001500000411
is the value of the voltage of the direct current power supply E,
Figure BDA00027628001500000412
is a receiving coil L s Inductance value of, V B The voltage value is set when the battery is charged at constant voltage.
The constant voltage compensation capacitor C SV Capacitance value of
Figure BDA00027628001500000413
Determined by equation (5):
Figure BDA00027628001500000414
in the formula (5), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, I B Current value, V, set for constant-current charging of the battery B The voltage value is set when the battery is charged at constant voltage.
The constant current compensation capacitor C SC Capacitance value of
Figure BDA00027628001500000415
Determined by equation (6):
Figure BDA0002762800150000051
in the formula (6), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of the system,
Figure BDA0002762800150000052
is the voltage value of the DC power supply E, I B The current value set when the battery is in constant current charging,
Figure BDA0002762800150000053
for compensating inductance L f The sensitivity value of (a) to (b),
Figure BDA0002762800150000054
is a receiving coil L s Sensitivity value of V B The voltage value is set when the battery is charged at constant voltage.
The controller K controls the first switch S 1 Off, second change-over switch S 2 When the wireless charging system is closed, the wireless charging system works in a constant current mode, and constant current is output to a load on a receiving side, namely, the set constant charging current I is provided for the battery B (ii) a The method is suitable for the constant current charging stage at the initial stage of battery charging.
The controller K controls the first switch S 1 Closed, second changeover switch S 2 When the charging system is disconnected, namely the charging system works in a constant voltage mode, constant voltage is output to the load at the receiving side, namely the set constant charging voltage V is provided for the battery B (ii) a The method is suitable for the constant voltage charging stage in the later charging stage of the battery.
The theoretical analysis and circuit principle of the charging system for outputting constant current and constant voltage are as follows:
let the angular frequency of system operation be ω and satisfy the following relation:
Figure BDA0002762800150000055
in the formula (7), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0002762800150000056
transmitting coil L P The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA0002762800150000057
compensating the capacitance C for the primary side P The capacity value of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002762800150000058
for compensating inductance L f The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA0002762800150000059
to compensate for capacitance C f The capacity value of (a) is,
Figure BDA00027628001500000510
compensating the capacitance C for constant voltage SV The capacity value of (a) is,
Figure BDA00027628001500000511
is a receiving coil L s The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA00027628001500000512
in order to compensate the capacitance value of the capacitor at the receiving side,
Figure BDA00027628001500000513
compensating the capacitor C for constant current SC The capacitance value of (c).
The receiving side is an LCCC compensation structure in a constant voltage mode and compensates an inductor L f The method mainly plays a role in ensuring the input current of the rectifier filter to be continuous, and the condition that the input current of the rectifier filter is continuous is as follows:
Figure BDA00027628001500000514
in the formula (8), R e Is the alternating current equivalent load of the battery load, omega is the system working angular frequency,
Figure BDA00027628001500000515
for compensating inductance L f J is an imaginary symbol.
In the constant voltage charging stage, the output current of the system is gradually reduced, and the equivalent load resistance R is e Gradually increasing, and setting the input current of the rectifier filter to be continuous when the charging current is reduced to 10% of the constant current charging current in the constant voltage charging stage, wherein the expression of the system equivalent load resistance is as follows:
Figure BDA0002762800150000061
in the formula (9), pi is a circumferential ratio, V B Setting the charging voltage for constant-voltage charging, I B The current value is set during constant current charging.
When the charging current is reduced to 10% of the constant-current charging current in the constant-voltage charging stage, the input current of the rectifier filter is still continuous, so that the output voltage of the charging system is kept unchanged in the constant-voltage charging mode stage of the battery, and the condition of compensating inductance according to the receiving side of the formula (8) and the formula (9) needs to be met:
Figure BDA0002762800150000062
in the formula (10), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, V B Setting the charging voltage for constant-voltage charging, I B The current value is set during constant current charging.
In the charging system, in a constant current working mode, a transmitting part and a receiving part are both in a series compensation structure, and according to kirchhoff voltage and current laws, the relationship of each electrical quantity of the system can be deduced as follows:
Figure BDA0002762800150000063
in the formula (11), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0002762800150000064
is the fundamental component of the output voltage of the high-frequency inverter, omega is the angular frequency of system operation,
Figure BDA0002762800150000065
transmitting coil L P The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA0002762800150000066
is a transmitting coil L P The current of (2) is measured by the sensor,
Figure BDA0002762800150000067
compensating the capacitance C for the primary side P M is the transmitting coil L P And a receiving coil L s The mutual inductance between the two parts is changed,
Figure BDA0002762800150000068
in order to receive the current of the coil,
Figure BDA0002762800150000069
is a receiving coil L s The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA00027628001500000610
for compensating inductance L f The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA00027628001500000611
in order to compensate the capacitance value of the capacitor at the receiving side,
Figure BDA00027628001500000612
to compensate for capacitance C f The capacity value of (a) is,
Figure BDA00027628001500000613
compensating the capacitor C for constant current SC J is an imaginary symbol.
From equations (7) and (11), the receiver coil current is:
Figure BDA00027628001500000614
in the formula (12), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA00027628001500000615
is the voltage value of the DC power supply E, pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of the system operation, and M is the transmitting coil L P And a receiving coil L s The mutual inductance value between them.
According to the basic knowledge of the circuit, receiving the current of the coil and the DC output charging current I B The relationship of (1) is:
Figure BDA0002762800150000071
in the formula (13), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0002762800150000072
for receiving the coil current, I B The current value is set during constant current charging.
According to the formulas (12) and (13), the transmitting coil L is obtained in the constant current charging process P And a receiving coil L s The mutual inductance M therebetween is determined by equation (14):
Figure BDA0002762800150000073
in formula (14)，
Figure BDA0002762800150000074
Is the voltage value of the DC power supply E, pi is the circumferential rate, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, I B The current value is set during constant current charging.
In the charging system, a transmitting part is in series compensation and a receiving part has a compensation structure of LCC under a constant voltage working mode, and the relation of each electric quantity of the system can be deduced according to kirchhoff voltage and current laws as follows:
Figure BDA0002762800150000075
in the formula (15), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0002762800150000076
is the fundamental component of the output voltage of the inverter H, j is an imaginary number sign, omega is the angular frequency of system operation,
Figure BDA0002762800150000077
is a transmitting coil L p The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA0002762800150000078
compensating the capacitance C for the primary side p The value of (a) is set to be,
Figure BDA0002762800150000079
is a transmitting coil L P M is the transmitting coil L P And a receiving coil L s The mutual inductance between the two parts is changed,
Figure BDA00027628001500000710
is a receiving coil L s The current of (a) is measured,
Figure BDA00027628001500000711
is a receiving coil L s The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA00027628001500000712
is compensated for at the receiving sideCompensated capacitor C s Capacity value of (A), R e The battery is an alternating-current equivalent load,
Figure BDA00027628001500000713
is the fundamental wave component of the alternating voltage at the input end of the rectifier,
Figure BDA00027628001500000714
is the fundamental content of the rectifier current,
Figure BDA00027628001500000715
compensating the capacitor C for constant voltage SV The capacity value of (a) is,
Figure BDA00027628001500000716
compensating the capacitance C for constant voltage flow SV The current of (2).
The receiving coil current expression is as follows from equations (7) and (15):
Figure BDA00027628001500000717
in the formula (16), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of the system, j is the imaginary number symbol, V B A charging voltage is set for constant-voltage charging,
Figure BDA0002762800150000081
for compensating inductance L f The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA0002762800150000082
to compensate for capacitance C f The value of (a) is set to be,
Figure BDA0002762800150000083
to compensate for capacitance C SV The capacity value of (c).
Receiving the current of the coil
Figure BDA0002762800150000084
The relation with the ground DC power supply E is as follows:
Figure BDA0002762800150000085
in the formula (17), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0002762800150000086
is the voltage value of the DC power supply E, j is an imaginary number symbol, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, pi is the circumferential rate, M is the transmitting coil L P And a receiving coil L s Mutual inductance between, I B Is the current value set during constant current charging,
Figure BDA0002762800150000087
is a receiving coil L s The current of (2).
The compensation capacitor C is obtained from the equations (11), (16) and (17) f Capacity of
Figure BDA0002762800150000088
Determined by equation (18):
Figure BDA0002762800150000089
in the formula (18), the reaction mixture,
Figure BDA00027628001500000810
is the voltage value of the direct current power supply E, omega is the working angular frequency of the system, pi is the circumferential rate,
Figure BDA00027628001500000811
for compensating inductance L f Inductance value of, V B Setting the charging voltage for constant-voltage charging, I B The current value is set during constant current charging.
The compensation capacitance C can be obtained from the equations (17) and (18) SV Capacity of
Figure BDA00027628001500000812
Determined by equation (20):
Figure BDA00027628001500000813
in the formula (19), the compound represented by the formula (I),
Figure BDA00027628001500000814
is the voltage value of the DC power supply E, omega is the angular frequency of the system, pi is the circumferential rate, V B Setting charging voltage for constant-voltage charging, I B The current value is set during constant current charging.
In the constant voltage charging mode of the wireless charging system, in order to enable the LCC structure at the receiving side to be in a complete resonance state, the conditions required to be met by the constant voltage compensation capacitor at the receiving side are as follows:
Figure BDA00027628001500000815
in the formula (20), ω is the angular frequency of system operation, j is the imaginary symbol,
Figure BDA00027628001500000816
is a receiving coil L s The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA00027628001500000817
compensating the capacitance C for the receiving side s The capacity value of (a) is,
Figure BDA00027628001500000818
to compensate for capacitance C SV The capacity value of (c).
The receiving side compensation capacitor C can be obtained from the equations (19) and (20) s Capacity of (2)
Figure BDA00027628001500000819
Determined by equation (21):
Figure BDA00027628001500000820
in the formula (21), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, I B Is the current value set during constant current charging,
Figure BDA0002762800150000091
is the value of the voltage of the direct current power supply E,
Figure BDA0002762800150000092
is a receiving coil L s Inductance value of, V B The charging voltage is set for constant voltage charging.
When the charging system is in constant current charging, the receiving side is in a series structure, and in order to enable the system to be in a complete resonance state, the relation formula that each electric quantity of the receiving side needs to meet is as follows:
Figure BDA0002762800150000093
in the formula (22), j is an imaginary symbol, ω is the system operating angular frequency,
Figure BDA0002762800150000094
is a receiving coil L s The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA0002762800150000095
for compensating inductance L f The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA0002762800150000096
compensating the capacitance C for the receiving side s The capacity value of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002762800150000097
compensating the capacitance C for the receiving side f The capacity value of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002762800150000098
compensating the capacitor C for constant current SC The capacity value of (c).
According to the formula (22), the constant current compensation capacitor C SC Capacity of
Figure BDA0002762800150000099
Determined by equation (23):
Figure BDA00027628001500000910
in the formula (23), pi is a circumference ratio, I B Is the current value set during constant current charging,
Figure BDA00027628001500000911
is the voltage value of the direct current power supply E, omega is the angular frequency of the system,
Figure BDA00027628001500000912
for compensating inductance L f The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA00027628001500000913
to compensate for inductance L s Inductance value of, V B The charging voltage is set for constant voltage charging.
In summary, when the controller K controls the first switch S 1 Closed, second change-over switch S 2 The charging system is switched off and works in a constant voltage mode; when the controller K controls the first switch S 1 Off, the second change-over switch S 2 And when the charging system is closed, the charging system works in a constant current mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the constant-current and constant-voltage output of the receiving side can be realized by adjusting the compensation structure of the receiving side through the change-over switch without adjusting the working frequency or the pulse width of the inverter, and the system can output constant current and voltage irrelevant to a load under the same working frequency, thereby meeting the requirements of initial constant-current charging and later constant-voltage charging of the battery. The system can realize complete resonance when working in two modes of constant current and constant voltage, and the system efficiency is high.
2. Compensation inductance L f And a compensation capacitor C f The equivalent inductance and the compensation inductance L are formed in series f High degree of freedom in design by adding compensation L f The inductive value of the rectifier filter can realize the continuous input current of the rectifier filter in a wider load range, and avoid the reduction of output voltage caused by the discontinuous input current of the rectifier filter during constant voltage charging to ensure chargingThe electrical voltage remains unchanged.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of rectifier bridge input voltage and current when the rectifier filter input current is distorted;
FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram in the constant voltage mode of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram in the constant current mode of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the constant current and constant voltage induction type wireless charging system based on the secondary structure of the invention is composed of a transmitting part and a receiving part; the transmitting part comprises a direct current power supply E, a high-frequency inverter H and a primary compensation capacitor C which are sequentially connected in series p And a primary transmitting coil L P (ii) a The receiving part comprises receiving coils L connected in series in sequence s A switching circuit I and a compensation inductor L f A rectifier filter R and a load II, characterized by a receiving coil L s And a compensation capacitor C s And a compensation capacitor C f And a compensation inductance L f And the rectifier filters R are connected in series in sequence; constant current compensation capacitor C SC And a first switch S 1 One end of the series capacitor is connected with a compensation capacitor C s And a compensation capacitor C f Is connected to the common point of the receiving coil L and the other end is connected to the receiving coil L s Is connected with the common point of the rectifier filter R; constant voltage compensation capacitor C SV And a second change-over switch S 2 One end of the series capacitor is connected with a compensation capacitor C s And a receiving coil L s Is connected to the common point of the other end of the first and second inductors, and the other end of the second inductor is connected to the compensation inductor L f And a compensation capacitor C f Are connected. First change-over switch S 1 And a first switch S 2 Is connected with the controller K.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of input voltage and current of a rectifier bridge when input current of a rectifier filter is distorted. In FIG. 2, i m Ideally, the input current i of the rectifier filter r Is an electric currentActual input current of rectifier, omega is system working angular frequency, u r Theta is the phase lag angle between the actual input current and the ideal current of the rectifier filter,
Figure BDA0002762800150000107
for the input voltage u of the rectifier filter r Zero crossing and i r And the phase difference between the intermittent critical points is the input current intermittent angle of the rectifier filter.
Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit of the charging system of the present invention in the constant voltage operation mode. In the context of figure 3 of the drawings,
Figure BDA0002762800150000101
is the fundamental component of the inverter output voltage, L P Transmitting coil, C p Compensation capacitance, L s To receive coils, C s Compensating the capacitance for the receiving side, C SV Constant voltage compensation capacitor, L f To compensate for inductance, C f In order to compensate for the capacitance,
Figure BDA0002762800150000102
is a transmitting coil L P The current of (a) is measured,
Figure BDA0002762800150000103
is a receiving coil L s Current of R e Is the equivalent alternating current load of the battery.
Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit of the charging system in the constant current operating mode. In the context of figure 4, it is shown,
Figure BDA0002762800150000104
is the fundamental component of the inverter output voltage, L P Transmitting coil, C p Compensation capacitance, L s To receive coils, C s Compensating the capacitance for the receiving side, C SC Constant current compensation capacitor, L f To compensate for inductance, C f In order to compensate for the capacitance,
Figure BDA0002762800150000105
is a transmitting coil L P The current of (a) is measured,
Figure BDA0002762800150000106
is a receiving coil L s Current of R e Is the equivalent alternating current load of the battery.
In this embodiment:
the first change-over switch S 1 Closed, second change-over switch S 2 The system is disconnected to realize constant voltage output; the first change-over switch S 1 Off, the second change-over switch S 2 And when the charging system is closed, the constant current output is realized. In order to achieve a continuous input current of the rectifier filter over a wide load range, the compensation inductor L f Inductance value of
Figure BDA0002762800150000111
Determined by formula (1):
Figure BDA0002762800150000112
in the formula (1), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, V B Voltage value set for constant voltage charging of battery, I B The current value is set during constant current charging.
The transmitting coil L P And a receiving coil L s The mutual inductance M therebetween is determined by equation (2):
Figure BDA0002762800150000113
in the formula (2), the reaction mixture is,
Figure BDA0002762800150000114
is the voltage value of the DC power supply E, pi is the circumferential rate, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, I B The current value is set when the battery is charged with constant current.
The compensation capacitor C f Capacitance value of
Figure BDA0002762800150000115
Determined by equation (3):
Figure BDA0002762800150000116
in the formula (3), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, I B Is the current value set during constant current charging,
Figure BDA0002762800150000117
is the value of the voltage of the direct current power supply E,
Figure BDA0002762800150000118
for compensating inductance L f Sensitivity value of V B The voltage value is set when the battery is charged at constant voltage.
The compensation capacitor C s Capacitance value of
Figure BDA0002762800150000119
Determined by equation (4):
Figure BDA00027628001500001110
in the formula (4), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, I B The current value set when the battery is in constant current charging,
Figure BDA00027628001500001111
is the value of the voltage of the direct current power supply E,
Figure BDA00027628001500001112
is a receiving coil L s Sensitivity value of V B The voltage value is set when the battery is charged at constant voltage.
The constant voltage compensation capacitor C SV Capacitance value of
Figure BDA00027628001500001113
Determined by equation (5):
Figure BDA00027628001500001114
in the formula (5), pi is the circumferential ratio, I B The current value set for constant current charging of the battery is omega, the angular frequency of system operation, V B The voltage value is set when the battery is charged at constant voltage.
The constant current compensation capacitor C SC Capacitance value of
Figure BDA0002762800150000121
Determined by equation (6):
Figure BDA0002762800150000122
in the formula (6), pi is the circumferential ratio, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, I B The current value set when the battery is in constant current charging,
Figure BDA0002762800150000123
is the value of the voltage of the direct current power supply E,
Figure BDA0002762800150000124
is a receiving coil L s The inductance value of (a) is set,
Figure BDA0002762800150000125
to compensate for inductance L f Inductance value of, V B The voltage value is set when the battery is charged at constant voltage.
The controller K controls the first switch S 1 Off, second change-over switch S 2 When the wireless charging system is closed, the wireless charging system works in a constant current mode, and constant current is output to a load on a receiving side, namely, the set constant charging current I is provided for the battery B (ii) a The method is suitable for the constant current charging stage at the initial stage of battery charging.
The controller K controls the first switch S 1 Closed, second change-over switch S 2 When the charging system is disconnected, namely the charging system works in a constant voltage mode, constant voltage is output to a load on the receiving side, namely, a set constant charging voltage V is provided for the battery B (ii) a Constant voltage charging stage suitable for battery charging later stageAnd (4) section.

Claims (2)

1. A constant-current constant-voltage induction type wireless charging system based on a variable secondary structure comprises a transmitting part and a receiving part; the transmitting part comprises a direct current power supply E, a high-frequency inverter H and a primary compensation capacitor C which are sequentially connected in series p And a primary transmitting coil L p (ii) a The receiving part comprises receiving coils L connected in series in sequence s Switching circuit I and compensation inductor L f Rectifier filter R and load II, its characterized in that: receiving coil L s And a compensation capacitor C s And a compensation capacitor C f And a compensation inductance L f And the rectifier filters R are connected in series in sequence; constant voltage compensation capacitor C SV And a first switch S 1 One end of the capacitor is connected with a compensation capacitor C in series s And a compensation capacitor C f Is connected with a common point of the constant voltage compensation capacitor C SV And a first switch S 1 The other end of the series connection is connected with a receiving coil L s Is connected with the common point of the rectifier filter R; constant current compensation capacitor C SC And a second change-over switch S 2 One end of the series capacitor is connected with a compensation capacitor C s And a receiving coil L s Is connected with a constant current compensation capacitor C SC And a second change-over switch S 2 The other end of the series connection and the compensation inductor L f And a compensation capacitor C f Are connected; first change-over switch S 1 And a second change-over switch S 2 The control end of the controller K is connected with the controller K; the wireless charging system can realize continuous input current of the rectifier filter in a wide load range, so that the output voltage of the system is kept unchanged during constant voltage charging of the wireless charging system;
in order to ensure the input current of the rectifier is continuous before the charging cut-off current in the constant-voltage charging process, the compensation inductor L f Inductance value of
Figure FDA0003605315520000011
Determined by formula (1):
Figure FDA0003605315520000012
the transmitting coil L P And a receiving coil L s The mutual inductance therebetween is determined by equation (2):
Figure FDA0003605315520000013
the compensation capacitor C f Capacitance value of
Figure FDA0003605315520000014
Determined by equation (3):
Figure FDA0003605315520000015
the compensation capacitor C s Capacitance value of
Figure FDA0003605315520000016
Determined by equation (4):
Figure FDA0003605315520000017
the constant voltage compensation capacitor C SV Capacitance value of
Figure FDA0003605315520000018
Determined by equation (5):
Figure FDA0003605315520000019
the constant current compensation capacitor C SC Capacitance value of
Figure FDA00036053155200000110
Determined by equation (6):
Figure FDA0003605315520000021
in the formulae (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6),
Figure FDA0003605315520000022
is the output voltage value of the DC power supply E, pi is the circumferential rate, omega is the angular frequency of system operation, I B Current value, V, set for constant-current charging of battery B A voltage value set when the battery is charged at a constant voltage,
Figure FDA0003605315520000023
to compensate for capacitance C f The capacitance value of (a) is set,
Figure FDA0003605315520000024
compensating the capacitance C for constant voltage SV The capacitance value of (a) is set,
Figure FDA0003605315520000025
compensating the capacitor C for constant current SC The capacitance value of (a) is set,
Figure FDA0003605315520000026
to compensate for capacitance C S The capacitance value of (a) is set,
Figure FDA0003605315520000027
is a receiving coil L s The inductance value of (c).
2. The wireless charging system of claim 1, wherein: the first change-over switch S 1 Closed, the second change-over switch S 2 When the wireless charging system is disconnected, the wireless charging system realizes constant voltage output; the first change-over switch S 1 Off, the second change-over switch S 2 And when the wireless charging system is closed, the constant current output is realized.
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