CN112366724A - Novel reactive power compensation method and system based on storage battery - Google Patents

Novel reactive power compensation method and system based on storage battery Download PDF

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CN112366724A
CN112366724A CN202011248704.2A CN202011248704A CN112366724A CN 112366724 A CN112366724 A CN 112366724A CN 202011248704 A CN202011248704 A CN 202011248704A CN 112366724 A CN112366724 A CN 112366724A
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storage battery
reactive
power
compensation
area
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CN112366724B (en
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朱蕾蕾
王斌
李小鹏
程化南
徐静
赵赢
付毅
解大
周楠
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Shanghai Electrical Engineering Design Co ltd
Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a novel reactive power compensation method and system based on a storage battery, which comprises the following steps: step S1, adopting reactive power monitoring equipment to monitor the parameter information of the reactive power demand in real time, and turning to step S2 when the reactive power demand reaches a reactive power compensation threshold value; step S2, adopting a current converter in a storage battery pack to adjust power, adjusting the power factor of the storage battery, and entering a reactive compensation area; step S3: monitoring the voltage condition and the reactive power shortage condition of the system by using the microgrid system monitoring equipment, and turning to the step S4 when the voltage level is recovered and the reactive power is sufficient; and step S4, performing power control on an inverter of the storage battery, monitoring the SOC level of the storage battery, determining the charge-discharge operation condition of the next stage according to the state of the storage battery, adjusting the power factor of the storage battery, and entering a charge area or a discharge area. The invention provides the operation areas of charging and discharging and reactive compensation of the storage battery system, and the design capacity of the converter of the storage battery system is calibrated.

Description

Novel reactive power compensation method and system based on storage battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reactive compensation, in particular to a novel reactive compensation method and system based on a storage battery.
Background
With the development of new energy technology and micro-grid technology, the structure and operation mode of micro-grid become more and more diversified, and for the micro-grid containing large-scale motor, when the motor is started, a large amount of reactive power is needed to establish a rotor magnetic field, so reactive compensation equipment is needed to perform reactive compensation on the micro-grid to maintain the safe and stable operation of the micro-grid.
At present, the commonly used reactive power compensation equipment mainly comprises a synchronous phase modulator, a static reactive power compensator and a static reactive power generator. The synchronous phase modulator usually operates in an over-excitation state, exciting current is large, loss and heating phenomena are serious, and the phase modulator with large capacity needs to be cooled by hydrogen; the static var compensator has various types, but a plurality of power electronic devices are introduced, so that harmonic pollution in a system is easily caused; the voltage grade and the capacity of the static var generator are limited by the performance of the IGBT device, and the static var generator is suitable for being used under lower voltage and smaller scale. Furthermore, the introduction of special reactive compensation equipment adds economic cost to the construction of the microgrid.
Currently, most micro-grids are provided with energy storage devices, and the most typical energy storage device is a storage battery. The storage battery is used as a high-quality controllable power supply and a controllable load, and the power can be flexibly adjusted according to the system state. The regulation effect of the storage battery on power is embodied in two aspects, when active power provided by a fluctuation power supply in a system is greater than active power required by a load, the storage battery absorbs power, and when the active power required by the load in the system is less than the active power provided by various power supplies, the storage battery is in a discharging state and provides active support for a micro-grid. At present, the application of the storage battery is mainly focused on the adjustment of active power, the development of the reactive power adjusting capability of the storage battery is less, if the reactive power adjusting capability of the storage battery can be applied to carry out reactive power compensation on a micro-grid containing a large motor, the investment on special reactive power compensation equipment in the construction of the micro-grid can be reduced, and meanwhile, the safety of the micro-grid in operation is ensured.
The power circle of the storage battery operation is shown in fig. 1 and is divided into a charging area, a discharging area and a reactive compensation area. The operating point on the power circle satisfies the equation:
Figure BDA0002770889810000011
when the storage battery runs in a charging area and a discharging area, the power factor is high, so that the provided and consumed reactive power is little, and the storage battery cannot be used as reactive compensation equipment to perform reactive support on the micro-grid when large-scale motor equipment is started. The reactive compensation area on the storage battery operation power circle has the reactive compensation capacity, but the current storage battery rarely operates in the state, so the reactive compensation capacity of the storage battery in the microgrid is to be excavated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel reactive power compensation method and system based on a storage battery.
The invention provides a novel reactive power compensation method based on a storage battery, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, adopting reactive power monitoring equipment to monitor the parameter information of the reactive power demand in real time, and turning to step S2 when the reactive power demand reaches a reactive power compensation threshold value;
step S2, adopting a current converter in a storage battery pack to adjust power, adjusting the power factor of the storage battery, and entering a reactive compensation area;
step S3: monitoring the voltage condition and the reactive power shortage condition of the system by using the microgrid system monitoring equipment, and turning to the step S4 when the voltage level is recovered and the reactive power is sufficient;
and step S4, performing power control on an inverter of the storage battery, monitoring the SOC level of the storage battery, determining the charge-discharge operation condition of the next stage according to the state of the storage battery, adjusting the power factor of the storage battery, and entering a charge area or a discharge area.
Preferably, the step S1 includes:
step S1.1: when the micro-grid normally operates, the SOC monitoring equipment monitors the charge state of the storage battery and acquires the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery;
preferably, the step S2 includes:
step S2.1: according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is sufficiently discharged and operated and the system is in reactive shortage, the storage battery adjusts the discharging power factor of the storage battery through a controller of a current converter and enters a reactive compensation area
Preferably, the step S4 includes:
step S4.1: according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is too low and the system has no active vacancy, the storage battery is charged and enters a charging area;
step S4.2: according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is sufficiently discharged and operated and the system has active power shortage, the storage battery supplies power to the system and enters a discharge area;
preferably, step S2 includes:
step S2.2: when the storage battery is in a reactive compensation area, the reactive monitoring equipment monitors reactive level parameters, when the reactive demand is lower than the threshold value of the storage battery for reactive compensation, the storage battery adjusts the power factor of the storage battery through a controller of the converter, the reactive compensation area is cut out, and the state of charging, discharging or stopping is judged by combining the SOC level and the system active level.
The invention provides a novel reactive power compensation system based on a storage battery, which comprises:
a module M1, which adopts reactive power monitoring equipment to monitor the parameter information of the reactive power demand in real time, and switches to a module M2 when the reactive power demand reaches a reactive power compensation threshold value;
a module M2, which adopts a current converter in a storage battery pack to adjust the power, adjusts the power factor of the storage battery and enters a reactive compensation area;
module M3: monitoring the voltage condition and the reactive power shortage condition of the system by using a microgrid system monitoring device, and when the voltage level is recovered and the reactive power is sufficient, switching to a module M4;
and a module M4, wherein the converter of the storage battery controls the power, simultaneously monitors the SOC level of the storage battery, determines the charging and discharging operation condition of the next stage according to the state of the storage battery, adjusts the power factor of the storage battery, and enters a charging area or a discharging area.
Preferably, said module M1 comprises:
module M1.1: when the micro-grid normally operates, the SOC monitoring equipment monitors the charge state of the storage battery and acquires the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery;
preferably, said module M2 comprises:
module M2.1: according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is sufficiently discharged and operated and the system is in reactive shortage, the storage battery adjusts the discharging power factor of the storage battery through a controller of a current converter and enters a reactive compensation area
Preferably, said module M4 comprises:
module M4.1: according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is too low and the system has no active vacancy, the storage battery is charged and enters a charging area;
module M4.2: according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is sufficiently discharged and operated and the system has active power shortage, the storage battery supplies power to the system and enters a discharge area;
preferably, the module M2 includes:
module M2.2: when the storage battery is in a reactive compensation area, the reactive monitoring equipment monitors reactive level parameters, when the reactive demand is lower than the threshold value of the storage battery for reactive compensation, the storage battery adjusts the power factor of the storage battery through a controller of the converter, the reactive compensation area is cut out, and the state of charging, discharging or stopping is judged by combining the SOC level and the system active level.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention expands a new storage battery operation area, namely a reactive compensation area, and provides reactive support;
2. the invention provides the operation areas of charging and discharging and reactive compensation of the storage battery system, and the design capacity of the converter of the storage battery system is calibrated.
3. The invention develops the reactive compensation capability of the storage battery by developing a new running state of the storage battery, namely the reactive compensation area, reduces the economic investment of a power grid on special reactive compensation equipment, and simultaneously improves the utilization rate of the storage battery.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery operating power circle in the background art of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the secondary battery of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
A novel reactive compensation mode based on a storage battery comprises the following steps:
1) the reactive power monitoring equipment monitors the reactive power demand of the system in real time, and when the reactive power demand reaches a reactive power compensation threshold value, the operation is switched to 2);
2) a current converter in the storage battery pack performs power regulation, regulates the power factor of the storage battery and enters a reactive power compensation area;
3) the microgrid system monitoring equipment monitors the voltage and reactive power shortage condition of the system, and when the voltage level of the system is recovered and the reactive power is sufficient, the operation is switched to 4);
4) and a current converter of the storage battery performs power control, simultaneously monitors the SOC level of the storage battery, determines the charge-discharge operation condition of the next stage according to the state of the storage battery, adjusts the power factor of the storage battery, and enters a charge area or a discharge area.
The phase modulator operating mode proposed by the present invention requires auxiliary equipment as shown in the table:
Figure BDA0002770889810000051
when the micro-grid normally operates, the SOC monitoring equipment monitors the state of charge of the storage battery, and when the SOC is too low and the system has no active shortage, the storage battery is charged and enters a charging area; when the SOC is in sufficient discharge operation and the system has active power shortage, the storage battery supplies power to the system and enters a discharge area; when the SOC is in sufficient discharge operation and the system is in reactive shortage, the storage battery adjusts the discharge power factor of the storage battery through a controller of the converter and enters a reactive compensation area.
When the storage battery is in a reactive compensation area, the reactive monitoring equipment monitors the reactive level of the system, when the reactive demand is lower than the threshold value of the storage battery for reactive compensation, the storage battery adjusts the power factor of the storage battery through the controller of the converter, the reactive compensation area is cut out, and the state of charging, discharging or stopping is judged by combining the SOC level and the active level of the system.
As shown in fig. 2, the operation operating point of the battery system needs to be calculated in the three functions of charging/discharging/reactive compensation, so as to adjust the operation mode of the battery converter. The principle of converter setting is as follows: (1) the charging power cannot exceed the safe charging requirement of the storage battery; (2) the discharge power is limited to the maximum instantaneous discharge current; (3) the reactive compensation is the same as the maximum instantaneous discharge current of the discharge power.
Therefore, the operation mode of the battery converter can be determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002770889810000052
in the formula, PcharDenotes the charging power, P, of the battery systemsecRepresents a safe charging power; pdis_MAXDenotes the maximum discharge power, IMIndicating the maximum instantaneous discharge current, V, of the batteryDCFor a single group of voltage values of the storage battery, n is the number of series-parallel groups of the storage battery system, KsA correction factor less than 1; i isQ_MAXAnd the reactive current limit value is output by reactive compensation.
The maximum capacity that the storage battery charging and discharging converter system should be designed can be obtained by the following formula 2:
Figure BDA0002770889810000053
in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the electrical connection is established between a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a reactive level monitor, a regulating controller, a storage battery and an SOC monitoring device. Whether the storage battery at the next stage is in a reactive compensation area or not is judged through the reactive level monitor and the SOC monitor, and when reactive compensation is needed, the adjusting controller applies a control instruction to a converter of the storage battery, adjusts the power factor of the output power of the storage battery and provides reactive power for a system.
The control flow is shown in fig. 4. At each moment, the SOC state and the system reactive level of the storage battery are obtained, the active power and the reactive power of the storage battery pack are controlled by the adjusting controller, and the balance adjustment of the active power and the reactive power of the microgrid is completed.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (10)

1. A novel reactive power compensation method based on a storage battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, real-time monitoring the parameter information of the reactive power demand, and turning to step S2 when the reactive power demand reaches a reactive power compensation threshold value;
step S2: carrying out power regulation, regulating the power factor of the storage battery, and entering a reactive compensation area;
step S3: monitoring the voltage condition and the reactive power shortage condition of the system by the monitoring equipment, and when the voltage level is recovered and the reactive power is sufficient, turning to the step S4;
step S4: and performing power control, monitoring the SOC level of the storage battery, determining the charging and discharging operation condition of the next stage according to the state of the storage battery, adjusting the power factor of the storage battery, and entering a charging area or a discharging area.
2. The novel battery-based reactive power compensation method according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes:
step S1.1: when the micro-grid normally operates, the SOC monitoring equipment monitors the charge state of the storage battery and acquires the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery.
3. The novel battery-based reactive power compensation method according to claim 2, wherein the step S2 includes:
step S2.1: according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is sufficiently discharged and operated and the system is in reactive shortage, the storage battery adjusts the discharging power factor of the storage battery through a controller of the converter and enters a reactive compensation area.
4. The novel battery-based reactive power compensation method according to claim 2, wherein the step S4 includes:
step S4.1: according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is too low and the system has no active vacancy, the storage battery is charged and enters a charging area;
step S4.2: and according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is sufficiently discharged and operated and the system has active power shortage, the storage battery supplies power to the system and enters a discharge area.
5. The novel battery-based reactive power compensation method according to claim 2, wherein step S2 includes:
step S2.2: when the storage battery is in a reactive compensation area, the reactive monitoring equipment monitors reactive level parameters, and when the reactive demand is lower than the threshold value of the storage battery for reactive compensation, the storage battery adjusts the power factor of the storage battery through a controller of the converter, and the storage battery is switched out of the reactive compensation area.
6. A novel reactive power compensation system based on a storage battery is characterized by comprising:
the module M1 is used for monitoring the parameter information of the reactive power demand in real time and switching to the module M2 when the reactive power demand reaches a reactive power compensation threshold value;
module M2: carrying out power regulation, regulating the power factor of the storage battery, and entering a reactive compensation area;
module M3: monitoring the voltage condition and the reactive power shortage condition of the system by the monitoring equipment, and when the voltage level is recovered and the reactive power is sufficient, switching to a module M4;
module M4: and performing power control, monitoring the SOC level of the storage battery, determining the charging and discharging operation condition of the next stage according to the state of the storage battery, adjusting the power factor of the storage battery, and entering a charging area or a discharging area.
7. The novel battery-based reactive compensation system of claim 6, wherein the module M1 comprises:
module M1.1: when the micro-grid normally operates, the SOC monitoring equipment monitors the charge state of the storage battery and acquires the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery.
8. The novel battery-based reactive compensation system of claim 7, wherein the module M2 comprises:
module M2.1: according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is sufficiently discharged and operated and the system is in reactive shortage, the storage battery adjusts the discharging power factor of the storage battery through a controller of the converter and enters a reactive compensation area.
9. The novel battery-based reactive compensation system of claim 7, wherein the module M4 comprises:
module M4.1: according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is too low and the system has no active vacancy, the storage battery is charged and enters a charging area;
module M4.2: and according to the charge state monitoring information of the storage battery, when the SOC is sufficiently discharged and operated and the system has active power shortage, the storage battery supplies power to the system and enters a discharge area.
10. The novel battery-based reactive compensation system of claim 7, wherein module M2 comprises:
module M2.2: when the storage battery is in a reactive compensation area, the reactive monitoring equipment monitors reactive level parameters, and when the reactive demand is lower than the threshold value of the storage battery for reactive compensation, the storage battery adjusts the power factor of the storage battery through a controller of the converter, and the storage battery is switched out of the reactive compensation area.
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