CN112365050B - Wire net canceling, shortening and splitting method based on partial passenger flow proportion evaluation indexes - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of public transportation, and particularly relates to a method for canceling, truncating and splitting a line network based on partial passenger flow proportion evaluation indexes. The method gives judgment standards for line cancellation, truncation and splitting respectively according to the ground traffic condition, and gives 3 measurement formulas for measuring the influence after the line cancellation, truncation and splitting, so that a proper line processing method can be selected conveniently according to different conditions; in addition, the method fully considers the factors such as passenger flow, line length, distance to a station, transfer times and the like, and the influence of the cancelled, shortened and split lines on passengers, is more suitable for the actual situation, and is convenient to implement and high in accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of public transportation, and particularly relates to a method for canceling, truncating and splitting a line network based on partial passenger flow proportion evaluation indexes.
Background
With the gradual development of urbanization in China, the number of residents in the existing cities in China is gradually increased. In order to meet the requirements of living trips of existing residents, urban public transport enterprises often perform operations such as newly opening and prolonging of public transport lines according to newly-built communities so as to facilitate trips of residents. However, with the gradual increase of the urban scale, the urban bus lines are also gradually bloated, and various problems of high repeatability, long line length and the like exist in some lines, so that how to deal with the line optimization problems in a targeted manner also becomes the direction of main research of scholars at present.
Han Yin, etc. in 1999, the "PSO algorithm for adjusting and optimizing urban public transportation network" constructs a mathematical model for optimizing the public transportation network according to the characteristics of urban public transportation development, proposes a network formation algorithm by preselection, search and optimization, and utilizes the optimization system to optimize and evaluate the public transportation network for several cities. Jiang Binglei et al, 1998, the algorithm for optimizing the search of the maximum receiving and transporting efficiency of the receiving and transporting route is provided by the planning of the urban rapid rail transit receiving and transporting public transportation route network. Chen Hongren, etc. in the article "layer-limited bus network optimization model", gives a constraint and a target for analyzing the composition of the urban bus network and the network optimization, researches and discusses the constraint conditions and the target function from nodes, lines and network tripartite, and establishes a bus network optimization model with the goal of shortest travel time of residents and least investment of the public transportation department. Cao Mei and the like analyze the functions of an urban rail transit receiving and transporting bus network in 2005 urban rail transit receiving and transporting bus network planning based on a genetic algorithm, preliminarily define a station influence area, represent and define parameters by discretization codes, optimize a target function by taking the minimum sum of operator consumption and user consumption as the bus network, establish a model, and finally introduce the search of an optimal route by using the genetic algorithm.
However, when the trainees perform network optimization, the connection planning of the bus lines and the subways is usually emphasized, and meanwhile, the optimization of the bus network is performed by considering the travel time of users, although a method for identifying and judging the lines is given for the cancellation, truncation and splitting of the lines, a specific implementation method for the cancellation, truncation and splitting is not given.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for canceling, truncating and splitting a line network based on a proportion evaluation index of passenger flow, aiming at the defects and problems that the current bus line network planning is stopped at an identification and judgment stage, but deep research is not carried out, and the actual operation is not facilitated.
The scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a method for canceling, truncating and splitting a line network based on partial passenger flow proportion evaluation indexes comprises the steps of identifying problems of a ground public traffic line network and processing the line network with different problems, wherein the problems of the ground public traffic line comprise: net canceling, net shortening and net splitting;
a. net revocation satisfies the following conditions:
(1) Repetition rate R of ground bus line and other bus lines or subway lines i ≥50％，
In the formula: l is a radical of an alcohol i Indicates the length, L, of the bus line i ij Denotes the public length, max (L), of the bus line i and the bus or subway line j ij ) Denotes the longest, R, of all the lines with which it is repeated i Representing the repetition rate of the i line and the bus line or the subway line;
(2) The riding rate of the ground public transport line is low, and the passenger flow volume is very small;
(3) After the line is cancelled, the average transfer times of the original line OD are smaller than the maximum transfer time limit, namely:
in the formula:
represents the average number of transfers; n is the total station number of the line; t is i The minimum transfer times that the OD of the original line passes through other bus lines after cancellation; t is max A specified maximum transfer times limit; p i Is the sum of the number of passengers getting on or off the vehicle at the ith station.
b. Net truncation needs to satisfy the following conditions:
(1) The passenger flow of the front K station at two ends of the bus line is smaller;
(2) The line length after the K station is shortened meets the national standard line length regulation, namely:
L min ≤Length≤L max
in the formula: length represents the Length of the line plan after shortening the K stations; l is min The shortest length required by national standard, L max The maximum length required by national standard;
(3) The nearest distance between the new terminal station after the line is cut short by the K station and all the stations is not more than the longest distance between the terminal station and the station required by the national standard, namely:
Dist min ≤D limit
in the formula: dist min The nearest distance between the new terminal station with the shortened line and all stations is shown; d limit The longest distance limit from the terminal station to the station, which represents the national standard requirement;
(4) The ratio of the total passenger flow volume of the truncated K stations to the full-line passenger flow volume is not more than the relative ratio of the K stations to the full-line station N, namely:
in the formula: p i The sum of the number of passengers getting on and off each station of passenger flow; n is the station number of the line; k calculates the appropriate truncated K station for the line; α is a threshold coefficient;
(5) After the line truncation, the line truncation can be performed when the minimum transfer times, the average transfer times or the weighted average transfer times of the original line OD are smaller than the maximum transfer times limit, namely:
T i ＜T max
in the formula, T i The minimum transfer times of the original line OD passing through other bus lines after cancellation are shown;
represents the average number of transfers; />
A weighted average representing the number of transfers; t is max A specified maximum transfer times limit; p i The number of passengers getting on or off the bus at the ith station is the sum of the number of passengers getting on or off the bus at the ith station; n represents the total number of stations on the line.
c. The net splitting needs to satisfy the following conditions:
(1) The utilization rate of the bus stop with the middle part of the bus route is low;
(2) The bus line has bimodal distribution;
(3) An extreme point M closest to the left side and the right side of the middle station sequence exists in the bus route all-line station;
(4) The line length after splitting from the site M conforms to the national standard line length regulations, that is:
L min ≤Length≤L max
in the formula: length represents the Length of the line after being split from the K station; l is a radical of an alcohol min The shortest length required by national standard, L max The maximum length required by national standard.
The method for revoking, truncating and splitting the line network based on the partial passenger flow proportion evaluation index comprises the following steps:
i, acquiring the number N of all bus stops of a bus line, and calculating the sequence X of all intermediate bus stops 0 ,
II, with X 0 As starting point, at X 0 The left side and the right side of the first point search node are traversed to find a station M with a first derivative of 0;
III, calculating X 0 Difference from M measures the segmentation scale
1) When alpha is more than 0.25, the bimodal distribution does not exist in the line and is not suitable for resolution;
2) When a is less than 0.25, the composition,
(1) calculating the passenger flow Y of the station M, and respectively searching an extreme point X closest to the station M on the left side and the right side of the station M by taking the station M as a starting point 1 、X 2 Then respectively calculating extreme points X 1 And X 2 Passenger volume Y of 1 And Y 2 Calculating the difference of the passenger flow distribution,
in the formula: beta is a 1 ,β 2 Representing the difference in passenger flow distribution;
(2) calculating the passing passenger flow of the uplink:
P 1 ＝n(start＜M＜end)
in the formula: n (start < M < end) represents the number of passenger flow OD pieces with O point sequence less than M, D point sequence greater than M;
(3) calculating the downstream traffic:
P 2 ＝n(start＜n-M+1＜end)
in the formula: n (start is less than n-M +1 and end) represents the number of passenger flow OD pieces with the station sequence of O points less than n-M +1 and the station sequence of D points more than n-M + 1;
(3) Then respectively calculating the ratio of the total amount of the downstream passenger flow and the full-line passenger flow
In the formula: p represents the number of traffic OD used to station k, total represents the Total number of OD lines, and γ is a threshold limit, typically 0.25.
When the conditions are met, the utilization rate of the site M is low, and the site M can be split from the site M.
In the method for canceling, truncating and splitting the line network based on the partial passenger flow proportion evaluation index, when T is in line network truncation i ＜T max Line truncation is highly recommended; when in use
Comparing the recommended line truncation; when/is>
Line truncation may be recommended.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides the discrimination standards of three route processing modes aiming at the situations of cancellation, truncation and splitting, and provides 3 measurement formulas for measuring the influence after the cancellation, truncation and splitting of the route, thereby being convenient for selecting a proper route processing method according to different situations; in the calculation of the line truncation algorithm, the influence of factors such as passenger flow, the shortened line length, the distance from the shortened line to a station, transfer times and the like is fully considered, and the truncation is performed by stations with less passenger flow, so that the calculation method has the advantages of high calculation speed and optimal selection of the truncated stations; in the line splitting algorithm, few passengers are selected to pass through the splitting point by taking the line as the splitting station, the position of the splitting station can be quickly and accurately found by adopting a polynomial fitting interpolation calculation method, and the method has the advantages of high calculation speed and optimal selection of the splitting position.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall process of the circuit optimization according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of split line fitting according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the drawings.
Example 1: the embodiment provides a method for revoking, truncating and splitting a line network based on partial passenger flow ratio evaluation indexes, which is based on the IC card swiping data and the influence of transfer on public transport lines, identifies problems of a ground public transport line network and processes line networks with different problems, wherein the problems of the ground public transport line comprise three types of line network revoking, line network truncation and line network splitting, and detailed descriptions are respectively given below for a revoking line, a truncating line and a splitting line, as shown in fig. 1.
The first method comprises the following steps: line revocation
a. Net revocation can be done on the entire net, subject to one or more of the following conditions.
(1) The repetition rate R of the ground bus line and other bus lines or subway lines is more than or equal to 50 percent, wherein: repetition rate of the line i and the bus line:
wherein L is i Indicates the length, L, of the bus line i ij Represents the public length, max (L), of the bus line i and the bus line j ij ) Denotes the longest, R, of all the lines with which it is repeated i And the repetition rate of the i line and the bus line is shown.
The repetition rate of line i with the subway line,
wherein L is i Indicates the length, L, of the bus line i ik Express public transportCommon length of line i and subway line k, max (L) ik ) Denotes the longest, R, of all the lines with which it is repeated i ' denotes the repetition rate of the i-line and the subway line.
(2) The land bus line has low riding rate and small passenger flow.
(3) In order to satisfy the travel of the passenger before the revocation, the revoked N stations are queried for the IC card data of the N stations. Calculating according to the existing line network, calculating the transfer times of each passenger flow, and then judging the conditions. The maximum threshold limit, the average limit and the weighted average limit are adopted to well measure the influence after truncation, and the specific formula is as follows:
in the formula:
represents the average number of transfers; n is the total station number of the line; t is i The minimum transfer times that the OD of the original line passes through other bus lines after cancellation; t is max A specified maximum transfer times limit; p i Is the sum of the number of passengers getting on or off the vehicle at the ith station.
When these conditions are satisfied, a line withdraw operation may be performed.
Second, line truncation
It is assumed that some lines are found in the bus IC card data that few passengers take at some front-end consecutive stops, and that the road section on which they travel and the bus or subway are repeatedly high, the line truncation may be considered.
From the spatial aspect: 1) The spatial form of the line is required to meet the requirement that the length is within a certain range, and 2) a distance station after being shortened is less than a certain distance limit.
From the perspective of the passenger: 1) The amount of passenger flow of the truncated part is small, and 2) the truncated passenger has other choices, namely, the passenger can conveniently transfer to the destination by other travel modes.
Different types of line lengths are distinguished in national standards, and the lines such as 'S', 'B', 'Y', and 'K' are common, and the lengths required by different lines are different.
The need for a truncated line satisfies the following conditions:
(1) The passenger flow of the front K station at two ends of the bus line is smaller;
(2) The line length after the K station is shortened accords with the national standard line length regulation; obtaining the maximum length L of different types of lines in national standard max And a shortest length L min Calculating the length of the existing line, distinguishing the existing line according to the lengths of different types of lines in the national standard, and judging whether the length of the existing line exceeds L max The line of (a) is calculated to be truncated from that site,
L min ≤Length≤L max
in the formula: length represents the Length of the line plan after truncation, L min The shortest length required by national standard, L max The maximum length required by national standard;
after the position suitable for shortening is calculated, the shortest path length Dist of the next station from all stations is calculated min The nearest distance between the new terminal station with the shortened line and all stations is not more than the limit of the longest distance from the terminal station to the station required by the national standard,
Dist min ≤D limit ；
in the formula: dist min Indicating the nearest distance of the new terminal station with the shortened line to all stations, D max Indicating the terminal-to-site maximum distance limit required by the national standard.
Respectively calculating the total passenger flow and the full-line passenger flow of the front K stations, calculating the relative ratio of the passenger flow and the full-line passenger flow of the front K stations,
in the formula, P i The sum of the number of passengers getting on and off each station passenger flow, N is the station number of the line, K calculates the appropriate truncation for the lineAnd the K station and alpha are a threshold coefficient, which represents the relative ratio of the passenger flow of the front K station and the full-line passenger flow and visually embodies the utilization rate of the front K station.
Then inquiring the IC card data of K stations needing to be truncated, calculating the minimum transfer times of each passenger flow after truncation according to the existing network (for example, the transfer times are regarded as =1 when a user uses 1 and 2 lines from A to B to reach B), judging by adopting the maximum threshold value, the average value and the weighted average value,
the influence after truncation is specifically shown as follows:
T i <T max
in the formula: t is i After the truncation, the OD of the original line passes through the minimum transfer times of other bus lines;
represents the average number of transfers; />
A weighted average representing the number of transfers; p is i The number of passengers getting on or off the bus at the ith station is the sum of the number of passengers getting on or off the bus at the ith station; t is max Is a specified maximum transfer limit.
Third, line splitting
Calculating passenger flow by adopting a passenger flow investigation mode, and establishing a function Y = f (X) of the passenger flow by taking a line station sequence X as an independent variable and taking the passenger flow number Y of the station as a dependent variable; for stations without data, the interpolation is performed by polynomial fitting, see fig. 2, as follows.
1. Let the fitting polynomial be:
y＝a 0 +a 0 x+…+a k x k
2. the sum of the distances from each point to this curve, i.e. the sum of the squared deviations, is as follows:
3. to determine the conditional a-value, the equation is repeated to determine a i Partial derivatives, so we get:
……
4. the following equation should then be obtained by simplifying the equation to the left as follows:
.......
5. by expressing these equations in the form of a matrix, the following matrix can be obtained:
6. this vandermonde matrix is reduced to yield:
x × a = Y, then a = (X '× X) -1*X' × Y, the coefficient matrix a is obtained, and we also obtain the fitted curve.
The fitting of the seventh function is best in accuracy and precision through experimental calculation.
Then obtaining the number N of all bus stops of the bus line, and calculating the stop order X of all intermediate bus stops 0 ,
With X 0 As starting point, at X 0 To find the nearest extreme point M, i.e. to traverse the first derivative 0 to the left or right, and then by X 0 The difference from M measures the segmentation scale,
when alpha is more than 0.25, the passenger flow of the line has no bimodal distribution and is not suitable for splitting.
When a is less than 0.25, the composition,
(1) Calculating the passenger flow Y of the station M, and respectively searching an extreme point X closest to the station M on the left side and the right side of the station M by taking the station M as a starting point 1 、X 2 Then calculate X 1 And X 2 Passenger volume Y of 1 And Y 2 The difference in passenger flow distribution was calculated using the following formula:
in the formula: beta is a 1 ,β 2 Measures the difference in passenger flow distribution, beta 1 ,β 2 Value of (A)Larger means less station traffic at the split.
(2) Then the ratio of the passing passenger flow of the ascending and the ratio of the passing passenger flow of the descending are calculated,
(1) passage of upstream through traffic:
P 1 ＝n(start＜M＜end)
in the formula: n (start < M < end) represents the number of passenger flow OD pieces with O point sequence less than M, D point sequence greater than M;
(2) downward through-traffic:
P2＝n(start＜n-M+1＜end)
in the formula: n (start < n-M +1< end) represents the number of passenger flow OD pieces with O point sequence less than n-M +1 and D point sequence greater than n-M +1, as shown in the following table,
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
| LINE_NO | IS_UP_DOWN | LABEL_NO_O | STATION_ID_O | LABEL_NO_D | STATION_ID_D | PASSENGER | |
| 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 138605 | 3 | 138395 | 24 |
| 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 138605 | 6 | 131240 | 10 |
| 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 138605 | 7 | 131279 | 10 |
| 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 138605 | 8 | 130976 | 2 |
| 6 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 138605 | 9 | 130987 | 2 |
| 7 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 138395 | 4 | 136814 | 10 |
| 8 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 138395 | 5 | 138400 | 18 |
| 9 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 138395 | 6 | 131240 | 18 |
| 10 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 138395 | 7 | 131279 | 12 |
| 11 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 138395 | 8 | 130976 | 30 |
| 12 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 138395 | 9 | 130987 | 20 |
| 13 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 138395 | 10 | 131000 | 8 |
| 14 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 138395 | 12 | 136540 | 2 |
| 15 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 138395 | 13 | 136548 | 2 |
for example, it is calculated that the station should be intercepted at station 5, then find the rows with the getting-on station sequence less than 5 and the getting-off station sequence greater than 5 from the table, and add the values of their passengers to obtain the passing passenger flow.
(3) Then respectively calculating the ratio of the total amount of the downstream passenger flow and the total amount of the passenger flow of the whole line;
in the formula: p represents the number of traffic OD used to station k, total represents the Total number of OD lines, and γ is a threshold limit, typically 0.25.
When the conditions are met, the utilization rate of the site M is low, and the site M can be split from the site M.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be covered thereby.
Claims (2)
1. A wire net canceling, shortening and splitting method based on partial passenger flow proportion evaluation indexes is characterized in that: including discerning the problem of ground public transit net and handling the gauze of different problems, wherein the problem of ground public transit line includes: net revocation, net truncation and net splitting;
a. net revocation satisfies the following conditions:
(1) Repetition rate R of ground bus line and other bus lines or subway lines i ≥50％，
In the formula: l is i Indicates the length, L, of the bus line i ij Denotes the public length, max (L), of the bus line i and the bus or subway line j ij ) Denotes the longest, R, of all the lines with which it is repeated i Representing the repetition rate of the i line and the bus line or the subway line;
(2) The riding rate of the ground public transport line is low, and the passenger flow volume is very small;
(3) The average transfer times of the original line OD after the line withdrawal is less than the maximum transfer time limit, that is
In the formula:
represents the average number of transfers; n is the total station number of the line; t is i The minimum transfer times that the OD of the original line passes through other bus lines after cancellation; t is a unit of max A specified maximum transfer times limit; p is i The number of passengers getting on or off the bus at the ith station is the sum of the number of passengers getting on or off the bus at the ith station;
b. net truncation needs to satisfy the following conditions:
(1) The passenger flow of the front K station at two ends of the bus line is smaller;
(2) The line length after the K station is shortened meets the national standard line length regulation, namely:
L min ≤Length≤L max
in the formula: length represents the Length of the line plan after shortening the K stations; l is min The shortest length required by national standard, L max The maximum length required by national standard;
(3) The nearest distance between the new terminal station after the line is cut short by the K station and all the stations is not more than the longest distance between the terminal station and the station required by the national standard, namely:
Dist min ≤D limit
in the formula: dist min The nearest distance between the new terminal station with the shortened line and all stations is shown; d limit The longest distance limit from the terminal station to the station, which represents the national standard requirement;
(4) The ratio of the total passenger flow volume of the truncated K stations to the full-line passenger flow volume is not more than the relative ratio of the K stations to the full-line station N, namely:
in the formula: p i The sum of the number of passengers getting on and off each station of passenger flow; n is the station number of the line; k calculates the appropriate truncated K station for the line; α is a threshold coefficient;
(5) After the line is shortened, the minimum transfer times, the average transfer times or the weighted average transfer times of the original line OD are smaller than the maximum transfer times, namely:
T i <T max
in the formula: t is i The minimum transfer times of the original line OD passing through other bus lines after cancellation are shown;
represents the average number of transfers; />
A weighted average representing the number of transfers; t is max A specified maximum transfer times limit; p i The number of passengers getting on or off the bus at the ith station is the sum of the number of passengers getting on or off the bus at the ith station; n represents the total station number of the line;
when the bus line meets the conditions, the front K station can be shortened;
c. the net splitting needs to satisfy the following conditions:
(1) The utilization rate of the bus stop with the middle part of the bus route is low;
(2) The bus line has bimodal distribution;
(3) An extreme point M closest to the left side and the right side of the middle station sequence exists in the bus route all-line station;
the calculation method of M comprises the following steps:
i, acquiring the number N of all bus stops of a bus line, and calculating the sequence X of all intermediate bus stops 0 ,
II, with X 0 As starting point, at X 0 The left side and the right side of the first point search node are traversed to find a station M with a first derivative of 0;
III, calculating X 0 Difference from M measures the segmentation scale
1) When alpha is more than 0.25, the bimodal distribution does not exist in the line and is not suitable for resolution;
2) When a is less than 0.25, the alpha,
(1) calculating the passenger flow Y of the station M, and respectively searching an extreme point X closest to the station M on the left side and the right side of the station M by taking the station M as a starting point 1 、X 2 Then respectively calculating extreme points X 1 And X 2 Passenger volume Y of 1 And Y 2 Calculating the difference of the passenger flow distribution,
in the formula: beta is a 1 ,β 2 Representing the difference in passenger flow distribution;
(2) calculating the ratio of the passing passenger flow of the up
P 1 ＝n(start<M<end)
Formula (II) the method comprises the following steps: n (start < n-M +1 and tow end) represents the number of passenger flow OD with the O point station sequence smaller than n-M +1 and the D point station sequence larger than n-M + 1;
(3) calculating the downstream cross-traffic ratio
P 2 ＝n(start<n-M+1<end)
In the formula: n (start < n-M +1 and tow end) represents the number of passenger flow OD with the O point station sequence smaller than n-M +1 and the D point station sequence larger than n-M + 1;
(4) calculating the ratio of the up and down passenger flow to the total passenger flow
In the formula: p represents the number of passenger flows OD to be used at the station k, total represents the Total number of OD of the line, and gamma is a threshold limit and is 0.25;
(4) The line length after splitting from site M conforms to the international line length regulations, that is:
L min ≤Length≤L max
in the formula: length represents the Length of the line after being split from the K station; l is min The shortest length required by national standard, L max The maximum length required by national standard.
2. The method for wire mesh revocation, truncation and splitting based on partial passenger flow proportion evaluation index of claim 1, wherein: in the shortening of the net, when T i <T max Line truncation is highly recommended; when in use
Comparing the recommended line truncation; when/is>
Line truncation may be recommended. />
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