CN112364474A - Mining scheme optimization method based on strip mine partition mining process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a mining scheme optimization method based on a strip mine partition mining process, which comprises the following steps: step S1, analyzing the ore deposit geological model, the stope dump current situation model and the resource exploitation conditions; step S2, determining the form and parameters of the slope; step S3, optimizing the form and parameters of the side slope of the refuse dump; step S4, defining mining boundaries, dividing mining areas and determining a mining sequence scheme; step S5, determining the mining and discharging scheme of the end slope of the current mining area and the adjacent mining area; step S6, determining a stripping procedure, a mining area transition connection scheme and a stope, and making a construction development plan of a refuse dump; and step S7, compiling a mining and drainage project schedule and implementation scheme. The invention has advanced technology, economy, reasonableness, safety and reliability, and can achieve the purposes of shortening the transport distance, reducing the stripping ratio and reliably continuing the productivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of open-pit mining, and particularly relates to a mining scheme optimization method based on a strip mine partition mining process.
Background
Open-pit coal mining has a number of unique advantages: the production capacity is huge, and the maximum annual yield exceeds 3000 ten thousand t; the recovery rate can reach more than 95 percent; from the labor productivity, the labor productivity of the whole worker is up to more than 100 t/worker; the production cost is low; the open pit coal mine ecological management system has good labor conditions, has the characteristics of high mechanization and centralization, provides convenient conditions for realizing modern management, and is favorable for integrated open pit coal mine production and ecological environment reconstruction. The opencast coal mine mainly developed in China basically belongs to the situation of nearly horizontal occurrence, the area of the whole coal field is large, the length of a working line for one-time mining is too large, therefore, mining areas need to be divided for one-by-one mining, due to the fact that the production capacity is large, the current ten thousand tons of opencast mine working lines reach 1 km-2 km, 300m of operation can be promoted every year, stripping yield is extremely large, partition processing is carried out by combining the trend structure of the coal field, a ditch is pulled from the position where a coal seam is buried shallowly in the first mining area, stripping work of a second mining area and a third mining area is sequentially switched after the first mining area is finished until all mining tasks are finished, and the whole operation is gradually mined according to a preset sequence.
When a strip mine is mined in a subarea mode, when the previous mining area is about to reach the boundary, the adjacent mining areas can have the phenomenon of difficult steering and entering, the defect of shortened working line can also occur, a series of problems of increased stripping ratio, tense dumping space, difficult arrangement of a transportation system, increased transport distance and the like can occur, and the passive situation that stripping is seriously disordered, the capacity is reduced and normal continuation of mine engineering is difficult can be inevitably caused.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that when the previous mining area is about to reach the boundary, the adjacent mining areas are difficult to turn and enter, the working line is shortened, and a series of problems of increased stripping ratio, tense soil discharge space, difficult arrangement of a transportation system, increased transport distance and the like exist in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a mining scheme optimization method based on a strip mine zoning mining process comprises the following steps:
step S1, analyzing the ore deposit geological model, the stope dump current situation model and the resource exploitation conditions;
step S2, determining the form and parameters of the slope;
step S3, optimizing the form and parameters of the side slope of the refuse dump;
step S4, defining mining boundaries, dividing mining areas and determining a mining sequence scheme;
step S5, determining the mining and discharging scheme of the end slope of the current mining area and the adjacent mining area;
step S6, determining a stripping procedure, a mining area transition connection scheme and a stope, and making a construction development plan of a refuse dump;
and step S7, compiling a mining and drainage project schedule and implementation scheme.
As a preferable scheme, the mining scheme optimizing method based on the surface mine zoning mining process in the step S1 specifically includes:
step S101, analyzing a geological model of an ore deposit and a current situation model of a stope dump, and constructing a three-dimensional model DEM of a strip mine terrain, a stope, a dump and a geological interface by adopting a constrained Delaunay triangulation network convex hull algorithm; establishing a three-dimensional geological SOLID model SOLID by adopting a multi-layer DEM-based envelope surface solidification modeling method;
step S102, analyzing resource exploitation conditions.
As a preferable mode, the mining scheme optimizing method based on the surface mine zoning mining process in the step S2 includes the following steps:
step S201, analyzing geological characteristics of stope engineering, investigating the current situation of strip mine stripping engineering, the development planning situation and geological profile of stope and dumping site side slopes, and carrying out statistical analysis on the landslide history and deformation situation of the strip mine; summarizing previous engineering geological survey results, determining lithology, thickness, crack development state and characteristics of each layer, geological structure related to slope stability, occurrence state, distribution rule, contact relation and contact surface characteristics of a weak layer (surface), judging the slope body structure type of the slope, qualitatively evaluating the slope stability and determining a key research section;
step S202, analyzing and determining physical and mechanical parameters of the slope rock and soil mass;
step S203, analyzing stope slope engineering geological characteristics, potential landslide modes and deformation damage mechanisms;
and S204, analyzing stope slope stability and determining slope form parameters, selecting safety reserve coefficients of slopes in different periods, sections and types according to the importance degree and service life of the slopes, calculating and evaluating the stability of the slopes at typical engineering positions of the stope, analyzing the influence of the slope forms on the slope stability, optimizing the slope parameters from the stope to the boundary side on the basis, and determining the slope parameters of the internal and external soil stopes through slope stability analysis in different forms.
As a preferable mode, the mining scheme optimizing method based on the surface mine zoning mining process in the step S3 includes the following steps:
s301, analyzing and determining the physical and mechanical parameters of the waste materials and the foundation rock-soil body of the dump;
step S302, analyzing the stability of the side slope of the externally-discharged soil field and determining morphological parameters;
and step S303, analyzing the stability of the slope of the inner soil discharge field and determining morphological parameters.
As a preferable mode, the mining scheme optimizing method based on the surface mine zoning mining process in the step S4 includes the following steps:
step S401, delineating an exploitation boundary;
step S402, analyzing and determining the length of a reasonable working line and the production scale;
and S403, determining a mining area division and mining sequence scheme.
As a preferable mode, the mining scheme optimizing method based on the surface mine zoning mining process in the step S6 includes the following steps:
step S601, determining arrangement and development modes of stopes and refuse dump working lines;
step S602, making a transition continuation scheme of stripping and mining drainage engineering in the steering period of adjacent mining areas;
and step S603, making a construction development plan of a stope and a refuse dump.
As a preferable mode, the mining scheme optimizing method based on the surface mine zoning mining process in the step S7 includes the following steps:
step S701, determining a mining process and mining parameters;
step S702, establishing a simulation mining model;
step S703, determining a production mode, second quantity reservation standard analysis and reasonable propulsion strength;
step S704, determining annual planned project positions and stripping workload;
step S705, planning the flow of the stripping material and developing the arrangement of the transportation system.
As an optimal solution, the mining scheme optimization method based on the strip mine zoning mining process includes the following steps:
step S3011, determining the substrate inclination direction and inclination angle of the outward soil discharge field according to the geological topography;
step S3012, inverse analysis is conducted on mechanical indexes of the discarded materials according to the determined inclination direction and the determined inclination angle;
step S3013, restoring the original state of the damaged slope, and establishing a limit balance equation on the basis of analyzing the slope deformation damage mechanism, namely the stability coefficient is approximately equal to Fs＝1；
Step S3014, calculating the shear strength index cohesion C and the friction angle of the rock and soil in the sliding surface position area according to the extreme balance equation
Step S3015, selecting internal friction angles of different discarded materials to trial calculate the stability of the waste dump until the stability factor Fs is between 0.98 and 0.99
I.e. the internal friction angle of the rejected material.
As an optimal scheme, the method for optimizing the mining scheme based on the strip mine zoning mining process in the step S302 specifically analyzes the slope stability of the external dump and comprises the following steps:
step S3021, analyzing the stability of the discharged soil yard under the condition of the reverse inclination of the substrate, and respectively calculating the stability of the discharged soil yard under at least three different slope heights;
and step S3022, analyzing the stability of the refuse dump outside the base level, and respectively calculating the stability of the refuse dump at least three different slopes under the base level condition.
When analyzing the stability analysis of the slope of the inner soil discharge field in the step 302, the stability of the inner soil discharge field under different slope angles under at least five different slope height conditions is calculated respectively.
As a preferable scheme, the method for determining the length of the reasonable working line in step S402 is as follows:
s4021, analyzing the relationship between the length of the working line and the productivity at the achievable propulsion speed according to the distribution and development conditions of each coal seam in the boundary;
step S4022, dividing the whole mining area into different independent areas according to the difference of the number of coal layers and the thickness of the coal bed, thereby obtaining the quantitative relationship among the length of the working line, the capacity and the propelling speed of the working line of each independent area when a certain target capacity is to be achieved.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following excellent effects:
the invention solves the technical and economic problems existing in the future practical production. By carrying out deep research on main technical problems to be solved urgently, the technical advanced, economic, reasonable, safe and reliable mining and discharging schemes of the north side and the end side of other mining areas of the current mining area and the transition and connection scheme among the mining areas are provided, so that the purposes of reducing secondary stripping amount, shortening the transport distance, reducing the stripping ratio and reliably connecting the productivity are achieved, the purposes of reducing the secondary stripping amount, shortening the transport distance, reducing the stripping ratio and reliably connecting the productivity of an opencast coal mine are achieved, and the overall economic benefit of the opencast coal mine during the mining period is maximized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of slope stability analysis parameter optimization according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the calculated results of the stability of the dump when the slope height is 80m and the side slope angle is 12 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the calculated results of the stability of the dump at a slope height of 80m and a side slope angle of 14 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the calculated results of the stability of the dump at a slope height of 80m and a side slope angle of 16 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the calculated results of the stability of the dump at a slope height of 80m and a side slope angle of 18 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the calculated results of the stability of the dump when the slope height is 100m and the side slope angle is 12 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the calculated results of the stability of the dump at a slope height of 100m and a side slope angle of 14 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the calculated results of the stability of the dump at a slope height of 100m and a side slope angle of 16 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the calculated results of the stability of the dump at a slope height of 100m and a side slope angle of 18 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the calculation results of the stability of the dump at a slope height of 120m and a side slope angle of 12 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the calculated results of the stability of the dump at a slope height of 120m and a side slope angle of 14 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the calculated results of the stability of the dump at a slope height of 120m and a side slope angle of 16 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the calculated results of the stability of the dump at a slope height of 120m and a side slope angle of 18 degrees according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the development distribution area of a coal seam within a boundary according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a spatial relationship diagram between coal seams according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 region one 3 of the present embodiment1A coal working line length, a propulsion length and a capacity relation graph;
FIG. 17 is a graphical illustration of spatial relationships between coal seams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 area two 3 of an embodiment of the present invention1A coal working line length, a propulsion length and a capacity relation graph;
FIG. 19 is a graphical illustration of spatial relationships between coal seams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20Zone three 3 of the present embodiment1A coal working line length, a propulsion length and a capacity relation graph;
FIG. 21 is a graphical illustration of spatial relationships between coal seams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 22 region four 3 of an embodiment of the present invention1The length of the coal working line, the pushing progress and the productivity are plotted.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1 to 22, the invention provides a mining scheme optimization method based on a strip mine zoning mining process, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, analyzing the ore deposit geological model, the stope dump current situation model and the resource exploitation conditions, wherein the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step S101, analyzing a geological model of an ore deposit and a current situation model of a stope dump, and constructing a three-dimensional model DEM of a strip mine terrain, a stope, a dump and a geological interface by adopting a constrained Delaunay triangulation network convex hull algorithm; and establishing a three-dimensional geological SOLID model SOLID by adopting a tectonic model method of solidifying the enveloping surface based on a plurality of layers of DEMs, and providing a foundation for the calculation of the boundary delineation of mining places, the position propulsion of stripping, mining and discharging projects, the quantity of the stripping projects and the capacity of a dumping site.
And S102, analyzing resource mining conditions, analyzing distribution and development conditions of the strip mine coal bed, change rules of stripping ratios and distribution conditions of faults, wherein the factors are important factors influencing boundary delineation, mining area division and mining sequence planning, and under the premise of considering the factors, the boundary delineation and mining area planning are carried out again on the residual mining range in the mine right boundary by combining the mining current situation and aiming at the capacity target requirement.
As shown in fig. 1, a slope stability analysis and parameter optimization technical route, step S2, determines the form and parameters of a slope, and step S2 includes the following steps:
step S201, analyzing geological characteristics of stope engineering, investigating the current situation of strip mine stripping engineering, the development planning situation and geological profile of stope and dumping site side slopes, and carrying out statistical analysis on the landslide history and deformation situation of the strip mine; summarizing previous engineering geological survey results, determining lithology and thickness of each layer, fracture development state and characteristics, geological structure related to slope stability, occurrence state, distribution rule, contact relation and contact surface characteristics of weak layers (surfaces), judging slope body structure type of the slope, qualitatively evaluating slope stability and determining a key research section.
In the process of surface mining, various types of stope and waste dump slopes are formed in different sections, and due to the difference of geological conditions and engineering conditions, the deformation and damage mechanisms of the slopes are different, so that great difficulty is brought to the analysis and treatment of the slope stability. In order to reduce and eliminate the threat of landslide on strip mine production and provide a basis for strip mine mining design and engineering implementation, the stability of stopes and dumps slopes formed by subsequent stripping engineering must be studied in depth and systematically to optimize design slope parameters.
And S202, analyzing and determining the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil mass of the side slope, performing inverse analysis on the typical landslide example of the conventional strip mine, and comprehensively determining the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil mass of the side slope by combining the conventional analysis result of the stability of the side slope.
Step S203, analyzing geological characteristics, potential landslide modes and deformation failure mechanisms of stope slope engineering, and analyzing influences of factors such as stratum lithology, geological structure, rock mass structure, water and mining engineering activities on slope stability; qualitatively evaluating each influence factor, determining the forming condition and the inducing factor of the landslide, and analyzing possible disasters; and (4) determining the potential landslide modes of the stope side slope, the refuse dump side slope and the composite side slope formed by the stope side slope and the refuse dump side slope in combination with the engineering geology and the analysis result of the influence factors.
And S204, analyzing stope slope stability and determining slope form parameters, selecting safety reserve coefficients of slopes in different periods, sections and types according to the importance degree and service life of the slopes, calculating and evaluating the stability of the slopes at typical engineering positions of the stope, analyzing the influence of the slope forms on the slope stability, optimizing the slope parameters from the stope to the boundary side on the basis, and determining the slope parameters of the internal and external soil stopes through slope stability analysis in different forms.
Step S3, optimizing the shape and parameters of the dump slope, and step S3 includes the following steps:
s301, analyzing and determining the physical and mechanical parameters of the discarded materials and the foundation rock-soil mass of the dump, wherein the S301 specifically comprises the following steps:
step S3011, determining the substrate inclination direction and inclination angle of the outward soil discharge field according to the geological topography;
step S3012, according to the determined tilt direction and dip angle, inverse analysis is also called inversion, the method is to restore the original state of the damaged slope and establish a limit balance equation on the basis of analyzing the deformation damage mechanism, namely the stability coefficient Fs is about 1; according to the method, the shear strength index cohesion C and the friction angle of the rock-soil mass in the region of the sliding surface position are reversely calculated
This applies to the case where the landslide model and boundary conditions are known. The following 2 factors are considered in the back calculation process: the reject was a loose mass, and the cohesion C was considered to be 0 kPa; the friction angle between the contact surface of the discarded material and the base is the minimum value between the discarded material and the base sandy soil.
Step S3013, restoring the original state of the damaged slope, and establishing a limit balance equation on the basis of analyzing the slope deformation damage mechanism, namely the stability coefficient is approximately equal to Fs＝1；
Step S3014, calculating the shear strength index cohesion C and the friction angle of the rock and soil in the sliding surface position area according to the extreme balance equation
Step S3015, selecting internal friction angles of different discarded materials to trial calculate the stability of the waste dump until the stability factor Fs is between 0.98 and 0.99
I.e. the internal friction angle of the rejected material.
Step S302, analyzing the stability of the slope of the external dump and determining morphological parameters, wherein the specific method for analyzing the stability of the slope of the external dump in the step S302 comprises the following steps:
step S3021, analyzing the stability of the discharged soil yard under the condition of the substrate inclining reversely, and calculating the stability of the discharged soil yard under at least three different slope height conditions, wherein the concrete implementation includes the following two conditions:
in case one, the stability of the soil discharge field under the condition of the base adverse inclination is analyzed:
analysis of stability of the discharged soil field under the condition of the substrate reverse inclination, taking the condition of the substrate reverse inclination at 2 degrees as an example, the stability of the discharged soil field under different slope angles under three conditions of slope height of 80m, 100m and 120m is calculated respectively, as shown in fig. 2-13.
Through calculation, when the substrate is inversely inclined, the slope stability is improved along with the reduction of the slope angle and the reduction of the slope height, wherein the reduction of the slope angle is more obvious; the stable side slope angles of the soil discharge field with the north discharge and the south discharge under the three conditions of the slope heights of 80m, 100m and 120m are all 14 degrees.
Case two, analysis of the stability of the horizontal external dumping site:
under the condition of horizontal base, the stability of the dump is calculated respectively under the three conditions of slope height 80m, 100m and 120m and at different slope angles, the calculation principle is the same as the first condition, and the calculation shows that when the base is horizontal, the stability of the side slope is improved along with the reduction of the side slope angle and the reduction of the height of the side slope, wherein the side slope angle is more obvious; the stable side slope angles of the soil discharge field with the north discharge and the south discharge under the three conditions of the slope heights of 80m, 100m and 120m are all 14 degrees.
And thirdly, analyzing the stability of the inner soil discharge field:
regarding the inner soil discharge field, taking the substrate forward inclination of 1 degree as an example, the stability of the inner soil discharge field is calculated under different slope angles under the five conditions of the slope height of 160m, 180m, 200m, 220m and 240m respectively, the calculation principle is the same as that of the first case, and the calculation shows that the stability of the inner soil discharge field is improved along with the reduction of the side slope angle and the reduction of the height of the side slope, wherein the influence of the side slope angle is relatively obvious; the stable side slope angles of the soil discharge field in the five conditions of the slope heights of 160m, 180m, 200m, 220m and 240m are all 12 degrees.
And step S3022, analyzing the stability of the refuse dump outside the base level, and respectively calculating the stability of the refuse dump at least three different slopes under the base level condition.
When analyzing the stability analysis of the slope of the inner soil discharge field in step 302, the stability of the inner soil discharge field under different slope angles under at least five different slope height conditions is calculated respectively.
Through the analysis, the stability of the stope and the side slope of the refuse dump of the Shenbao energy company opencast coal mine is comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by means and methods such as on-site investigation, engineering geological survey, theoretical analysis, limit balance analysis and the like, the parameters of the stope and the side slope of the refuse dump are determined, and support is provided for the construction design and the safety implementation of boundary delineation, stripping and mining drainage. The following results can be obtained:
(1) factors influencing the stability of the stope side slope mainly comprise a weak interlayer in the slope, underground water, physical and mechanical properties of rock masses of various strata, the side slope form and the like; factors influencing the stability of the side slope of the refuse dump mainly include the properties of the discarded materials, the form of the substrate, the mechanical characteristics of the substrate, the form of the refuse dump and the like.
(2) Through the reverse analysis of the landslide of the north upper of the north dumping site, the shear strength index of the discarded material is determined: the cohesive force is 0kPa, and the internal friction angle is 14 degrees; and the physical and mechanical indexes of each stratum and weak stratum are determined by combining the previous geological and slope stability analysis results.
(3) Selecting the safety reserve coefficient of the west slope and the south slope of the external drainage yard as 1.3, and determining that the stable slope angle is 14 degrees when the drainage height is 100-120 m through analysis and calculation.
(4) And selecting a safe reserve coefficient of the inner soil discharge field as 1.2, and determining that the stable side slope angle is about 12 degrees when the discharge height is 160-240 m through analysis and calculation.
(5) The number of the key weak layers for controlling the slope stability of the stope is 2, the first key weak layer is positioned 11m below a 12-coal roof, and the second key weak layer is 31A top plate. The stope side slope is designed in a segmented mode by taking a 12-coal bottom plate as a boundary, the stope north slope final stable slope angle is 22.3 degrees, the stope south slope final stable slope angle is 20.4 degrees, the stope east slope final stable slope angle is 22.2 degrees, the stope west slope final stable slope angle is 21.6 degrees, and the stope south slope refuse dump-stope composite slope stable slope angle is 15.7 degrees. Width of the end slope transportation platform: the height of the coal top plate is 37.5m above the 12 th coal top plate.
And step S303, analyzing the stability of the slope of the inner soil discharge field and determining morphological parameters.
Step S4, defining mining boundaries, dividing mining areas and determining mining sequence schemes, wherein the concrete method in the step S4 is as follows:
step S401, defining mining boundaries, and in order to plan production scale, researching the relationship between length of a working line, capacity and the advancing speed of the working line according to the distribution and development conditions of each coal seam in the boundaries, wherein the planned capacity and length of the working line can be realized in production only at the achievable advancing speed according to the relationship. For example, coal beds with coal layers B, 12, 21 and 31 in the border of an open pit coal mine can be mined, coal B is distributed only in the southeast part of the border, coal 12 is developed in the whole area of the border, coal 21 is distributed in the middle and east parts of the border, and coal 31 is developed in the whole area of the border. As shown in fig. 14, the first area is provided with coal seams of 12 and 31 for mining, the second area is provided with coal seams of 12, 21 and 31 for mining, the third area is provided with coal seams of 12, 21 and 31 for mining, and the fourth area is provided with coal seams of 12, 21 and 31 for mining. And the relation among the length of the working line, the capacity and the propelling speed of the working line is analyzed and researched in different areas, so that a basis is provided for capacity planning and mining area planning.
Step S402, analyzing and determining the length of a reasonable working line and the production scale, the length of a composite coal seam working line, the propulsion speed and the coal seam thicknessThe determination of the length relation is complex, and after the length relation of the working lines of all coal seams is calculated according to the slope angle of the end slope and the interlayer spacing between the coal seams, the relation among the length of the working lines, the propelling speed and the thickness of the coal seams can be determined. Taking the slope angle of the end slope of the open pit coal mine calculated according to 20 degrees as an example, the coal recoverable quantity is the volume multiplied by 1.16t/m3。
The specific method for determining the length of the reasonable working line in the step S402 is as follows:
s4021, analyzing the relationship between the length of the working line and the productivity at the achievable propulsion speed according to the distribution and development conditions of each coal seam in the boundary;
step S4022, dividing the whole mining area into different individual areas according to the difference between the number of coal layers and the thickness of the coal seam, thereby obtaining the quantitative relationship among the length of the working line, the capacity and the propulsion speed of the working line of each individual area when a certain target capacity is to be achieved
(1) Region one 31The relationship among the length of the coal working line, the pushing progress and the productivity is as follows: zone one is assigned with 12、31The coal seam can be mined, the thickness and the spacing of the coal seam are shown in the table 1, and 3 shown in figure 16 is obtained through measurement and calculation1The length of the coal working line, the pushing progress and the productivity are plotted. Region one 31The relationship among the length of the coal working line, the propelling length and the productivity is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 area 12、31Thickness and interval of coal seam
TABLE 2 area one 31Relationship table of length, pushing progress and productivity of coal working line
| Propulsion speed (m/a) | 31Length of coal working line (m) | Capacity (Universal t/a) |
| 300 | 2786 | 3000 |
| 350 | 2348 | 3000 |
| 400 | 2043 | 3000 |
| 300 | 3243 | 3500 |
| 350 | 2786 | 3500 |
| 400 | 2400 | 3500 |
Region one is assigned with 12、31The coal seam can be mined, and the analysis of figure 17 and table 2 shows that: the production capacity of 3000-3500 ten thousand t/a is realized, and one of the following conditions must be met.
When 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 2043 m-2786 m, the propelling speed is 400 m/a-300 m/a,the capacity can be 3000 ten thousand t/a;
② when 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 2400 m-3243 m, the propelling speed is 400 m/a-300 m/a, and the capacity can be 3500 ten thousand t/a;
③ when 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 2348-2786 m, the propelling speed is 350m/a, and the capacity can be 3000-3500 ten thousand/a;
when 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 2043 m-3243 m, the propelling speed is 400 m/a-300 m/a, and the capacity can be 3000-3500 ten thousand/a.
The length of the working line, the pushing progress and the productivity index fall in the shadow area of the graph 17, and the strip mine can complete the productivity of 3000-3500 kiloton/a.
(2) Region two 31The relationship among the length of the coal working line, the pushing progress and the productivity is as follows:
region two is assigned with 12、21、31The coal seam can be mined, the thickness and the spacing of the coal seam are shown in the table 3, and the thickness and the spacing of the coal seam are calculated to obtain 3 shown in the figure 181The length of the coal working line, the pushing progress and the productivity are plotted. Region two 31The relationship among the length of the coal working line, the pushing degree and the productivity is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 3 area two 12、21、31Thickness and interval of coal seam
TABLE 4 area two 31Relationship table of length, pushing progress and productivity of coal working line
| Propulsion speed (m/a) | 31Length of coal working line (m) | Capacity (Universal t/a) |
| 300 | 2290 | 3000 |
| 350 | 1924 | 3000 |
| 400 | 1648 | 3000 |
| 300 | 2718 | 3500 |
| 350 | 2290 | 3500 |
| 400 | 1968 | 3500 |
Region two is assigned with 12、21、31The coal seam can be mined, and the analysis of figure 18 and table 5 shows that: the production capacity of 3000-3500 ten thousand t/a is realized, and one of the following conditions must be met.
When 31The length of the coal working line is 1648 m-2290 m, the propelling speed is 400 m/a-300 m/a, and the capacity can be 3000 ten thousand t/a;
② when 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 1968 m-2718 m, the propelling speed is 400 m/a-300 m/a, and the capacity can be 3500 ten thousand t/a;
③ when 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 1924-2290 m, the propelling speed is 350m/a, and the capacity can be 3000-3500 ten thousand/a;
when 31The length of the coal working line is within the range of 1648m to 2718m, the propelling speed is within the range of 400m/a to 300m/a, and the capacity can be realized by 3000 ten thousand t/a to 3500 ten thousand t/a.
The length of the working line, the pushing progress and the productivity index fall in the shadow area of the graph 18, and the strip mine can complete the productivity of 3000-3500 ten thousand/a.
(3) Zone three 31Relationship between length of coal working line, pushing progress and productivity
Zone three is assigned with B, 12、21、31The coal seam can be mined, the thickness and the spacing of the coal seam are shown in a table 6, and the thickness and the spacing of the coal seam are calculated to obtain 3 shown in a graph 201The length of the coal working line, the pushing progress and the productivity are plotted. Zone three 31The relationship among the length of the coal working line, the pushing degree and the productivity is shown in Table 6.
TABLE 5 regions three B, 12、21、31Thickness and interval of coal seam
TABLE 6 zone three 31Relationship table of length, pushing progress and productivity of coal working line
| Propulsion speed (m/a) | 31Length of coal working line (m) | Capacity (Universal t/a) |
| 300 | 1765 | 3000 |
| 350 | 1472 | 3000 |
| 400 | 1250 | 3000 |
| 300 | 2110 | 3500 |
| 350 | 1765 | 3500 |
| 400 | 1510 | 3500 |
Zone three is assigned with B, 12、21、31The coal seam can be mined, and the analysis of figure 19 and table 6 shows that: the production capacity of 3000-3500 ten thousand t/a is realized, and one of the following conditions must be met.
When 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 1250 m-1765 m, the propelling speed is 400 m/a-300 m/a, and the capacity can be 3000 ten thousand t/a;
② when 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 1510-2110 m, the propelling speed is 400-300 m/a, and the capacity can be 3500 ten thousand t/a;
③ when 31The length of the coal working line is 1472 m-1765 m, the propelling speed is 350m/a, and the capacity can be 3000 kiloton/a-3500 kilotont/a；
When 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 1250m to 2110m, the propelling speed is 400m/a to 300m/a, and the capacity can be 3000 ten thousand t/a to 3500 ten thousand t/a.
The length of the working line, the pushing progress and the productivity index fall in the shadow area of the graph 19, and the strip mine can complete the productivity of 3000-3500 kiloton/a.
(4) Region four 31Relationship between length of coal working line, pushing progress and productivity
Region four is assigned with B, 12、21、31The coal seam can be mined, the thickness and the spacing of the coal seam are shown in a table 7, and the thickness and the spacing of the coal seam are calculated to obtain 3 shown in figure 221The length of the coal working line, the pushing progress and the productivity are plotted.
TABLE 7 region four 12、21、31Thickness and interval of coal seam
TABLE 8 region four 31Relationship table of length, pushing progress and productivity of coal working line
| Propulsion speed (m/a) | 31Length of coal working line (m) | Capacity (Universal t/a) |
| 300 | 2750 | 3000 |
| 350 | 2329 | 3000 |
| 400 | 2000 | 3000 |
| 300 | 3217 | 3500 |
| 350 | 2750 | 3500 |
| 400 | 2380 | 3500 |
Region four is assigned with B, 12、21、31The coal seam can be mined, and the analysis of figure 21 and table 8 shows that: the production capacity of 3000-3500 ten thousand t/a is realized, and one of the following conditions must be met.
When 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 2000-2750 m, the propelling speed is 400-300 m/a, and the capacity can be 3000 ten thousand t/a;
② when 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 2380 m-3217 m, the propelling speed is 400 m/a-300 m/a, and the capacity can be 3500 ten thousand t/a;
③ when 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 2000-2750 m, the propelling speed is 350m/a, and the capacity can be 3000-3500 ten thousand/a;
when 31The length of the coal working line is in the range of 2000-3217 m, the propelling speed is 400-300 m/a, and the capacity can be 3000-3500 ten thousand/a.
The length of the working line, the pushing progress and the productivity index fall in the shadow area of the graph 21, and the strip mine can complete the productivity of 3000-3500 ten thousand/a.
And S403, determining a mining area division and mining sequence scheme.
And step S5, determining the mining and discharging scheme of the end slope of the current mining area and the adjacent mining area.
Step S6, determining a stripping procedure, a mining area transition connection scheme and a stope, and making a construction development plan of a refuse dump, wherein the specific method of the step S is as follows:
step S601, determining arrangement and development modes of stopes and refuse dump working lines;
step S602, making a transition continuation scheme of stripping and mining drainage engineering in the steering period of adjacent mining areas;
and step S603, making a construction development plan of a stope and a refuse dump.
Step S7, compiling a mining and drainage project schedule and implementation scheme, wherein the step S7 comprises the following steps:
step S701, determining a mining process and mining parameters.
Step S702, establishing a simulation mining model.
And step S703, determining a production mode, setting a standard analysis for the second quantity and reasonably pushing the strength.
Step S704, the position of the annual planned project and the mining and stripping workload are determined.
Step S705, planning the flow of the stripping material and developing the arrangement of the transportation system.
In conclusion, the invention establishes the basic models such as a three-dimensional geological entity model, a current mining situation model and the like on the basis of deep analysis of the open pit coal mining design, the current mining situation and the geological data of the mine field, and provides a basis for the calculation of stripping, mining and discharging engineering quantities; the stability of stopes and the slopes of the refuse dump is researched, the morphological parameters of the stopes and the slopes of the refuse dump are calculated and determined, and the mining boundary of the residual resources is defined; the length of the working line is determined, a subarea mining scheme is planned, and working line arrangement, a propelling direction, an inner row remained ditch/pressed wall, a mining area turning transition connection scheme and an adjacent mining area end wall mining and discharging scheme of each mining area are provided. On the basis, the construction and development planning of stopes and dumps is carried out, and a stripping mining and dumping project schedule plan of 2800 ten thousand tons of capacity in 2021 and 3000 ten thousand tons of capacity in 2022 of the Shenhua Baozi Hiller opencast coal mine is compiled by utilizing a simulated mining technology. By carrying out the above study, the following conclusions were drawn:
the above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the invention is intended to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A mining scheme optimization method based on a strip mine zoning mining process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, analyzing the ore deposit geological model, the stope dump current situation model and the resource exploitation conditions;
step S2, determining the form and parameters of the slope;
step S3, optimizing the form and parameters of the side slope of the refuse dump;
step S4, defining mining boundaries, dividing mining areas and determining a mining sequence scheme;
step S5, determining the mining and discharging scheme of the end slope of the current mining area and the adjacent mining area;
step S6, determining a stripping procedure, a mining area transition connection scheme and a stope, and making a construction development plan of a refuse dump;
and step S7, compiling a mining and drainage project schedule and implementation scheme.
2. The mining scenario optimization method based on a surface mine zoning mining process of claim 1, wherein the step S1 specifically comprises:
step S101, analyzing a geological model of an ore deposit and a current situation model of a stope dump, and constructing a three-dimensional model DEM of a strip mine terrain, a stope, a dump and a geological interface by adopting a constrained Delaunay triangulation network convex hull algorithm; establishing a three-dimensional geological SOLID model SOLID by adopting a multi-layer DEM-based envelope surface solidification modeling method;
step S102, analyzing resource exploitation conditions.
3. The method for optimizing a mining strategy based on a surface mining zoning mining process according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises the steps of:
step S201, analyzing geological characteristics of stope engineering, investigating the current situation of strip mine stripping engineering, the development planning situation and geological profile of stope and dumping site side slopes, and carrying out statistical analysis on the landslide history and deformation situation of the strip mine; summarizing previous engineering geological survey results, determining lithology, thickness, crack development state and characteristics of each layer, geological structure related to slope stability, occurrence state, distribution rule, contact relation and contact surface characteristics of a weak layer (surface), judging the slope body structure type of the slope, qualitatively evaluating the slope stability and determining a key research section;
step S202, analyzing and determining physical and mechanical parameters of the slope rock and soil mass;
step S203, analyzing stope slope engineering geological characteristics, potential landslide modes and deformation damage mechanisms;
and S204, analyzing stope slope stability and determining slope form parameters, selecting safety reserve coefficients of slopes in different periods, sections and types according to the importance degree and service life of the slopes, calculating and evaluating the stability of the slopes at typical engineering positions of the stope, analyzing the influence of the slope forms on the slope stability, optimizing the slope parameters from the stope to the boundary side on the basis, and determining the slope parameters of the internal and external soil stopes through slope stability analysis in different forms.
4. The method for optimizing a mining strategy based on a surface mining zoning mining process according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 comprises the steps of:
s301, analyzing and determining the physical and mechanical parameters of the waste materials and the foundation rock-soil body of the dump;
step S302, analyzing the stability of the side slope of the externally-discharged soil field and determining morphological parameters;
and step S303, analyzing the stability of the slope of the inner soil discharge field and determining morphological parameters.
5. The method for optimizing a mining strategy based on a surface mining zoning mining process according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 comprises the steps of:
step S401, delineating an exploitation boundary;
step S402, analyzing and determining the length of a reasonable working line and the production scale;
and S403, determining a mining area division and mining sequence scheme.
6. The method for optimizing a mining strategy based on a surface mining zoning mining process according to claim 1, wherein the step S6 comprises the steps of:
step S601, determining arrangement and development modes of stopes and refuse dump working lines;
step S602, making a transition continuation scheme of stripping and mining drainage engineering in the steering period of adjacent mining areas;
and step S603, making a construction development plan of a stope and a refuse dump.
7. The method for optimizing a mining strategy based on a surface mining zoning mining process according to claim 1, wherein the step S7 comprises the steps of:
step S701, determining a mining process and mining parameters;
step S701, establishing a simulated mining model;
step S701, determining a production mode, a second quantity reservation standard analysis and a reasonable propulsion intensity;
step S701, determining annual planned project positions and stripping workload;
step S701, planning the flow direction and the flow rate of the stripping materials and developing the arrangement of a transportation system.
8. The mining scheme optimization method based on the strip mine zonal mining process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mechanical index analysis method of the discharged materials in step S301 is:
step S3011, determining the substrate inclination direction and inclination angle of the outward soil discharge field according to the geological topography;
step S3012, inverse analysis is conducted on mechanical indexes of the discarded materials according to the determined inclination direction and the determined inclination angle;
step S3013, restoring the original state of the damaged slope, and establishing a limit balance equation on the basis of analyzing the slope deformation damage mechanism, namely the stability coefficient is approximately equal to Fs＝1；
Step S3014, calculating the shear strength index cohesion C and the friction angle of the rock and soil in the sliding surface position area according to the extreme balance equation
Step S3015, selecting internal friction angles of different discarded materials to trial calculate the stability of the waste dump until the stability factor Fs is between 0.98 and 0.99
I.e. the internal friction angle of the rejected material.
9. The mining scheme optimization method based on the strip mine zonal mining process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the specific method for analyzing the out-dump slope stability in step S302 is as follows:
step S3021, analyzing the stability of the discharged soil yard under the condition of the reverse inclination of the substrate, and respectively calculating the stability of the discharged soil yard under at least three different slope heights;
and step S3022, analyzing the stability of the refuse dump outside the base level, and respectively calculating the stability of the refuse dump at least three different slopes under the base level condition.
When analyzing the stability analysis of the slope of the inner soil discharge field in the step 302, the stability of the inner soil discharge field under different slope angles under at least five different slope height conditions is calculated respectively.
10. The method for optimizing a mining scenario based on a surface mine zonal mining process of claim 2, wherein the specific method for determining the reasonable work line length in step S402 is:
s4021, analyzing the relationship between the length of the working line and the productivity at the achievable propulsion speed according to the distribution and development conditions of each coal seam in the boundary;
step S4022, dividing the whole mining area into different independent areas according to the difference of the number of coal layers and the thickness of the coal bed, thereby obtaining the quantitative relationship among the length of the working line, the capacity and the propelling speed of the working line of each independent area when a certain target capacity is to be achieved.
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