CN112363799B - Avionics simulator based on layered decoupling architecture - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an avionics equipment simulator based on a layered decoupling architecture, wherein a hardware platform comprises a general processing module, the general processing module adopts a multi-core processor to reside and cooperatively operate a plurality of application software based on a cross-platform middleware according to application software operated by simulated avionics equipment, and the cross-platform middleware supports a plurality of operating systems; the cross-platform middleware comprises an operating system adaptation layer, an access adaptation layer and a virtual partition layer; the operating system adaptation layer provides a function interface which accords with ARINC653 standard for the application software, so that decoupling of the application software and the operating system is realized, the access adaptation layer realizes decoupling of the application software and the hardware platform, and the virtual partition layer realizes cooperative operation of the application software and the operating system adaptation layer. The avionic device simulator based on the layered decoupling architecture provided by the invention has the characteristics of quick airborne software migration, high generalization degree, wide application range, short development period, low cost, high maintainability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aviation simulators and avionic system simulation, in particular to an avionic device simulator based on a layered decoupling architecture, which realizes low-cost simulation and emulation of avionic devices and supports rapid cross-platform migration, upgrading and maintenance of various application software of an avionic system.
Background
Avionics systems are the sum of all avionics devices that support the completion of mission tasks by an aircraft, supporting the completion of functions such as take-off and landing, navigation, flight control, target search, identification tracking, fire control resolution, weapon management, weapon projection, electronic warfare, communications, data transmission/processing, display control, and comprehensive mission management. The avionic system mainly comprises equipment and subsystems such as detection, navigation, communication, task processing and management, man-machine interaction and the like, and is an organic whole formed by interconnection of an airborne network, and is a brain and core system for an aircraft to complete various flight and fight tasks.
Taking the airborne cabin integrated display control equipment as an example, the airborne cabin integrated display control equipment mainly bears the work of man-machine interaction control, task management, bus management, data processing and the like and is the core of the avionic system. Therefore, in the development process of the aviation simulator and the avionics simulation system, the simulation of the comprehensive display control equipment of the airborne cabin is particularly important. At present, the integrated display control equipment of the airborne cabin uses an embedded real-time operating system, so that the graphics and video channels are numerous, and the external data interfaces are numerous, so that resident flight fight application software has strong dependence on a hardware platform. Meanwhile, the technical states of the airborne flight combat application software are various under the influence of the characteristics of different battlefield tasks, so that high requirements are put forward on the design, maintenance and upgrading of an airborne cabin comprehensive display control equipment simulator. Therefore, in the development process of the high-grade aviation simulator, in order to facilitate maintenance and upgrading, the product is matched with mainly real-mounted or semi-real-mounted equipment, the universalization degree is low, the cost is high, and certain obstruction is formed for popularization and development of the aviation simulator.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing airborne avionic device simulator in the aspects of cost control, seamless transplanting, upgrading and maintenance, generalization, serialization and the like of airborne application software, the invention aims to provide the avionic device simulator based on a layered decoupling architecture, and the avionic device simulator has the characteristics of quick transplanting of airborne software, high generalization degree, wide application range, short development period, low cost, high maintainability and the like.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
an avionics simulator based on a layered decoupling architecture comprises a hardware platform which comprises a general processing module;
the general processing module adopts a multi-core processor to reside a plurality of application software based on cross-platform middleware according to the application software operated by the simulated avionic device and cooperatively operates;
the cross-platform middleware comprises an operating system adaptation layer, an access adaptation layer and a virtual partition layer; the operating system adaptation layer provides a function interface which accords with ARINC653 standard for the application software, so that decoupling of the application software and the operating system is realized, the access adaptation layer realizes decoupling of the application software and the hardware platform, and the virtual partition layer realizes cooperative operation of the application software and the operating system adaptation layer.
Preferably, the operating systems supported by the cross-platform middleware include Vxworks5.X, vxworks6.X/RTP, vxworks653, windows, linux, etc.
Preferably, the operating system adaptation layer provides the application software with 56 standard function interfaces in total for six types, such as partition management, task management, time management, inter-partition communication management, intra-partition communication management, and health management, specified by the ARINC653 standard.
The task management class function interface encapsulates the task management interface in the operating system into a corresponding ARINC653 standard interface, converts the function return value of the task management interface in the operating system into a return value specified in the ARINC653 standard, and returns the return value to the application software, thereby realizing the task management function defined by the ARINC653 standard.
The time management function interface is as follows: starting a periodic timer when the cross-platform middleware is initialized; creating a semaphore simultaneously when creating a periodic task, the periodic task waiting for the semaphore during periodic dormancy; the periodic timer triggers a count every 1ms, and when the period time of the periodic task arrives, the semaphore is released in the periodic timer to wake up the waiting periodic task.
Preferably, in the virtual partition layer, a process on an operating system is used to simulate the partition of the ARINC653 standard, one process corresponds to one partition, and the control operation of the partition is simulated by starting, suspending, recovering and stopping the process.
Further, the hardware platform also comprises a general graphics module, the general graphics module interacts with the general processing module through a PCIe bus, and various graphics required by the simulated avionic device are generated and output according to the control of the application software on the general processing module.
Further, the hardware platform also comprises a universal bus module, wherein the universal bus module comprises an HB6096 bus module, an AFDX bus module, a 1553B bus module and an FC bus module, and data interaction is realized between application software and external avionics equipment through the PCIe bus and the universal processing module.
Further, the hardware platform also comprises a universal interface module, wherein the universal interface module comprises a discrete quantity acquisition and output module and an analog quantity acquisition and output module, and data are interacted with the universal processing module through a PCIe bus, so that acquisition of multipath analog quantity and input and output control of discrete quantity are realized.
Furthermore, the hardware platform also comprises a universal video module, the data is interacted with the universal processing module through a PCIe bus, and various videos required by the simulated avionic device are realized and output according to the control of the application software on the universal processing module.
Further, the universal video module comprises a video processing module and a video distribution module, and the video processing module realizes video splicing, superposition, windowing and matrix gating according to the instruction of the main control application software; the video distribution module is used for converting and scaling the format of the external input video, converting the format into the video with standard resolution for processing by the universal video processing module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a set of cross-platform middleware supporting operating systems such as Vxworks5.X, vxworks6.X/RTP, vxworks653 and Windows, linux and different hardware platforms is constructed based on a layered decoupling architecture, so that the cross-operating system and cross-hardware platform seamless transplanting of application software is supported, the complexity and cost of an avionics simulator are effectively reduced, and convenience is provided for upgrading and maintaining of later-stage application software; the general architecture is adopted to develop avionic equipment design, a plurality of slots are reserved, each module in the interior is designed according to a standard interface, the configuration is various, the compatibility and the expandability are very strong, and the man-machine interaction requirements of various airborne cabin comprehensive display control equipment can be met; the method has the characteristics of high universalization degree, wide application range, low cost, high maintainability, short development period and the like. The invention has important significance for the serialization, the generalized popularization and the application of the aviation simulator, has low cost, short development period and controllable risk, and can generate larger economic benefit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hardware platform architecture of an avionics simulator based on a hierarchical decoupling architecture.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a general processing module.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a general graphic module.
Fig. 4 is a software architecture of a general purpose processing module.
Fig. 5 is a software architecture of a cross-platform middleware based on a hierarchical decoupling architecture.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Taking an onboard cabin integrated display control device as an example, referring to fig. 1, in the avionic device simulator based on a layered decoupling architecture shown in this embodiment, a hardware platform integrates a general processing module, a general graphics module, a general bus module, a general interface module, a general video module, a motherboard and the like by adopting a CPCIe chassis with a height of 5U with 18 slots, and various avionic devices on board can be simulated and simulated at present through flexible configuration and expansion.
1) The general processing module: the single general processing module occupies 3 slots, and in principle of improving the integration level and reducing the cost, the general processing module simulates a plurality of single-core processing resources on a machine by using a multi-core processor and performs data interaction with the general graphic module, the general bus module, the general interface module and the general video module by using a PCIe bus. Referring to fig. 2, as an illustration, the general processing module in this embodiment is designed based on a T2080 processor, 4 cores and 8 threads, the main frequency of the CPU can reach 1533MHz, the floating point computing capability can reach 1641.13MWIPS, the integer computing capability can reach 3225831Loop/s, the processing method has the characteristics of abundant interface resources and high processing speed, a 512GB solid-state electronic disk is configured, and a single module can reside in 4 airborne applications, so that the cost is effectively reduced.
The universal processing module supports the exchange with a commercial Windows platform main control module, and can reside a plurality of airborne application software developed based on ARINC653 specifications according to the simulated functions of the avionic device. Meanwhile, different operating systems running on each avionics device of the avionics system are downwards compatible through cross-platform middleware based on a layered decoupling architecture, and a function interface conforming to ARINC653 standard is upwards provided for application software.
According to the requirements of the comprehensive display control equipment of the airborne cabin, the application software resident in the general processing module 1 in the embodiment comprises main control application software, map application software and the like, wherein the main control application software controls the running state of the simulator of the whole avionic equipment, and the map application software controls the general graphic module 1 to generate graphic pictures such as auxiliary navigation of an airborne digital map, ground proximity warning and the like; the application software resident in the general processing module 2 has 3 graphic application software, and under the dispatching of the main control application software, the general graphic module 2 is controlled to generate 6 paths of onboard man-machine interaction interfaces.
2) Universal graphics module: the single module occupies 2 slots, adopts a high-performance graphic engine, interacts with the general processing module through a PCIe bus, generates and outputs various graphics required by the simulated avionic device according to the control of application software on the general processing module, and can meet various display requirements of the avionic device for man-machine interaction.
For illustration, referring to FIG. 3, the general graphics module is based on an E8860 graphics processor design, has a video memory 2GB GDD 5 (128-bit wide), has 640 loader processors, supports 6-way display (2-way DVI interface, dot frequency support 162MHz, resolution support 1600X 1200@60Hz, support 4-way DP interface, support DP1.2, resolution support 4096X 2160@30 Hz), and supports PCIE communication of 16Lanes at maximum, and supports PCIE3.0.
3) Universal bus module: the single universal bus module occupies 1 slot position, takes the FPGA as a core, comprises an HB6096 bus module, an AFDX bus module, a 1553B bus module, an FC bus module and the like, exchanges data with the universal processing module through a PCIe bus, can be flexibly configured and expanded as required, and realizes the data interaction of main control application software and external avionic equipment.
4) Universal interface module: the single universal interface module occupies 1 slot position, takes the FPGA as a core, comprises a discrete quantity acquisition and output module, an analog quantity acquisition and output module and the like, and is capable of carrying out flexible configuration and expansion as required through data interaction between a PCIe bus and a universal processing module, so as to realize acquisition of airborne multipath analog quantity and input and output control of the discrete quantity.
5) Universal video module: the single universal video module occupies 1 slot position, takes the FPGA as a core, interacts data with the universal processing module through a PCIe bus, realizes various videos required by the simulated avionic device according to the control of application software on the universal processing module, outputs the videos, and can be flexibly configured and expanded as required. The universal video module comprises a video processing module and a video distribution module.
The video processing module supports 12 paths of video input and 6 paths of DVI video output, can realize the functions of 12 x 6 video splicing, superposition, windowing, matrix gating and the like according to the instruction of the main control application software, maximally supports superposition of 6 windows, and realizes simulation of airborne multipath video drive.
The video distribution module realizes the format conversion, scaling and other processing of the externally input video, converts the externally input video into video with standard resolution for processing by the video processing module, supports 6 paths of DVI video input and 12 paths of video output, converts the externally input video into ARINC818 video output to the universal video processing module for processing according to the analog and digital video input by the external equipment, and is used for simulating the current mostly on-board external video input processing.
6) Mother board: according to the design of 18 slots, the PCIe switch can meet the interface requirements of various cabin comprehensive display control equipment on the current machine.
The cross-platform middleware based on the layered decoupling architecture, which resides on the general processing module, is the core of the whole avionics simulator, packages the API functions provided by the operating systems such as Vxworks5.X, vxworks6.X/RTP, vxworks653, windows, linux and the like into an APEX interface form defined by the unified ARINC653 specification, and runs on the operating systems such as Vxworks5.X, vxworks6.X/RTP, vxworks653, windows, linux and the like without any code modification based on the application software developed on the ARINC653 specification, so that the cross-platform running of the application software among different operating systems is realized, the software architecture diagram of the general processing module, which is provided with the cross-platform middleware, is shown in fig. 4, and the general processing module has the capability of simulating the operating system running environment of each device of the avionics system after the cross-platform middleware is deployed.
The cross-platform middleware based on the layered decoupling architecture is shown in fig. 5, and comprises an operating system adaptation layer, an access adaptation layer and a virtual partition layer. The operating system adaptation layer is used for decoupling the application software from the operating system, the access adaptation layer is used for decoupling the application software from the hardware platform, and the virtual partition layer is used for realizing the cooperative operation of the application software and the operating system adaptation layer. And supporting cross-platform rapid transplanting, upgrading and maintaining of airborne applications.
1) An operating system adaptation layer: the application software is provided with 56 ARINC653 standard function interfaces in total for partition management, task management, time management, inter-partition communication management, intra-partition communication management, health management and the like specified by the ARINC653 standard. After the application software calls the standard function interfaces, the function interfaces of the corresponding operating system are called in the operating system adaptation layer, and the function return value of the operating system is converted into the return value specified in the ARINC653 standard and returned to the application software, so that the decoupling of the application software and the operating system is realized.
The function interfaces of the operating systems with functions of task management, time management and the like in different operating systems are different, and the function interfaces of the operating systems are packaged based on ARINC653 standard, so that the difference of the function interfaces of the systems in different operating systems is shielded. Part of the functional design is as follows:
a) Task management function design
As shown in Table 1, the task management function provided by the cross-platform middleware provides 12 function interfaces in total by referring to ARINC653 standard, in the design of the invention, the function interfaces listed in the tables are packaged into corresponding ARINC653 standard interfaces in Vxworks5.X, vxworks6.X/RTP, vxworks653 and Windows, linux operating systems, so that the task management function defined by the ARINC653 standard is realized.
Table 1 correspondence between different operating system task management interfaces
| Task management interface name | ARINC653 API | Windows API | Linux API | VxWorks6.x API |
| Creating new tasks | CREATE_PROCESS | CreateThread | pthread_create | taskSpawn |
| Setting task priority | SET_PRIORITY | SetThreadPriority | pthread_setschedprio | taskPrioritySet |
| Suspending a current task | SUSPEND_SELF | Sleep | nanosleep | taskDelay |
| Suspending a specified task | SUSPEND | SuspendThread | pthread_kill | taskSuspend |
| Resume specified tasks | RESUME | ResumeThread | pthread_resume | taskResume |
| Stopping the current task | Stop_SELF | ExitThread | pthread_exit | taskSuspend |
| Stopping a designated task | Stop | TerminateThread | pthread_cancel | taskSuspend |
| Startup specificationTasks | START | CreateThread | pthread_create | taskRestart |
| Delayed initiation of specified tasks | DELAYED_START | CreateThread | pthread_create | taskRestart |
| Locking task preemption rights | LOCK_PREEMPTION | Without any means for | Without any means for | taskLock |
| Unlocking task preemption rights | UNLOCK_PREEMPTION | Without any means for | Without any means for | taskUnlock |
| Obtaining ID of current task | GET_MY_ID | GetCurrentThreadId | pthread_self | taskIdSelf |
b) Time management function design
Periodic task sleep waiting in the time management function in the ARINC653 standard is an important function, which means that the current periodic task is suspended until the task is awakened after the next scheduling time of the task arrives. However, the operating systems of Vxworks5.X, vxworks6.X/RTP and Vxworks653 and Windows, linux have no corresponding functions, so that the scheduling time of the periodic task cannot be achieved through the operating system, and the task is automatically awakened. In the design of the invention, a high-precision (1 ms) periodic timer is started when the cross-platform middleware is initialized; creating a semaphore simultaneously when creating the periodic task; waiting for the semaphore in the PERIODIC sleep WAIT function's interface period_wait; the periodic timer processing function triggers a count every 1ms, and when the period time of the periodic task arrives, the semaphore is released in the periodic timer processing function, and the waiting periodic task is awakened.
2) Access adaptation layer: in the access adaptation layer, for the case that the bus driving interfaces on different hardware platforms are not uniform, the data transfer function interfaces provided for different bus driving are packaged into data transfer function interfaces with uniform standards, as shown in table 2. The application software calls the standard data transmission interfaces, the access adaptation layer calls different bus driving data transmission function interfaces, and returns a return value of a unified standard, so that decoupling of the application software and the bus driving is realized.
Table 2 data transmission interface
| Data transmission interface name | API NAME |
| Creating sampling ports | CREATE_SAMPLING_PORT |
| Sending a message to a sampling port | WRITE_SAMPLING_MESSAGE |
| Receiving messages from sampling ports | READ_SAMPLING_MESSAGE |
| Acquiring identification of sampling port | GET_SAMPLING_PORT_ID |
| Acquiring the state of a sampling port | GET_SAMPLING_PORT_STATUS |
| Creating queue ports | CREATE_QUEUING_PORT |
| Sending messages to queue ports | SEND_QUEUING_MESSAGE |
| Receiving messages from queue ports | RECEIVE_QUEUING_MESSAGE |
| Obtaining identification of queue ports | GET_QUEUING_PORT_ID |
| Acquiring state of queue port | GET_QUEUING_PORT_STATUS |
3) Virtual partition layer: the partitions are carriers for application program operation defined in the ARINC653 standard, and are characterized in that the time and the space between the partitions are mutually isolated. Some operating systems running in the avionics system devices, such as Vxworks5.X, vxworks6.X/RTP, vxworks653, windows, linux, are non-partitioned operating systems, without the partitioning mechanism defined in the ARINC653 standard. In the design of the virtual partition layer, based on the principle that the processes on the Windows, linux operating system are also in time and space isolation, the processes on the Windows, linux operating system are used for simulating the partition of the ARINC653 standard, one process is equivalent to one partition, the control operation of the partition is simulated through the operations such as starting, suspending, recovering and stopping the process, and the virtual partition layer and the application software have no function interface which is directly called, and mainly provide a running carrier similar to the partition for the application software, so that the simulation of a partition mechanism is realized.
It will be understood that equivalents and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art in light of the present invention and their spirit, and all such modifications and substitutions are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. Avionics simulator based on layered decoupling architecture, the hardware platform comprises a general processing module, and the avionics simulator is characterized in that:
the general processing module adopts a multi-core processor to reside a plurality of application software based on cross-platform middleware according to the application software operated by the simulated avionic device and cooperatively operates;
the cross-platform middleware comprises an operating system adaptation layer, an access adaptation layer and a virtual partition layer; the operating system adaptation layer provides a function interface which accords with ARINC653 standard for the application software, so that decoupling of the application software and the operating system is realized, the access adaptation layer realizes decoupling of the application software and the hardware platform, and the virtual partition layer realizes cooperative operation of the application software and the operating system adaptation layer;
in the virtual partition layer, a process on an operating system is used for simulating the partition of the ARINC653 standard, one process corresponds to one partition, and the control operation of the partition is simulated through starting, suspending, recovering and stopping the process.
2. An avionics simulator based on a hierarchical decoupling architecture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the operating system supported by the cross-platform middleware comprises Vxworks5.X, vxworks6.X/RTP, vxworks653, windows, linux.
3. An avionics equipment simulator based on a hierarchical decoupling architecture according to claim 1, wherein the operating system adaptation layer provides the application software with standard function interfaces specified by the ARINC653 standard, the standard function interface types including partition management, task management, time management, inter-partition communication management, intra-partition communication management, health management;
wherein: the task management class function interface encapsulates a task management interface in the operating system into a corresponding ARINC653 standard interface, converts a function return value of the task management interface in the operating system into a return value specified in the ARINC653 standard, and returns the return value to the application software, thereby realizing the task management function defined by the ARINC653 standard;
the time management function interface is as follows: starting a periodic timer when the cross-platform middleware is initialized; creating a semaphore simultaneously when creating a periodic task, the periodic task waiting for the semaphore during periodic dormancy; the periodic timer triggers a count every 1ms, and when the period time of the periodic task arrives, the semaphore is released in the periodic timer to wake up the waiting periodic task.
4. An avionics simulator based on a hierarchical decoupling architecture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hardware platform further comprises a generic graphics module, interacting with the generic processing module via a PCIe bus, generating and outputting various graphics required by the simulated avionics according to control of application software on the generic processing module.
5. The avionics equipment simulator based on the layered decoupling architecture of claim 1, wherein the hardware platform further comprises a universal bus module, the universal bus module comprises an HB6096 bus module, an AFDX bus module, a 1553B bus module and an FC bus module, and the universal bus module exchanges data with the universal processing module through a PCIe bus to realize data interaction between application software and external avionics equipment.
6. The avionics equipment simulator based on the layered decoupling architecture of claim 1, wherein the hardware platform further comprises a universal interface module, the universal interface module comprises a discrete quantity acquisition and output module and an analog quantity acquisition and output module, and the data are interacted with the universal processing module through a PCIe bus to realize acquisition of multipath analog quantity and input and output control of discrete quantity.
7. The avionics equipment simulator based on the layered decoupling architecture of claim 1, wherein the hardware platform further comprises a general video module, wherein the hardware platform interacts data with the general processing module through a PCIe bus, and the simulated avionics equipment simulator realizes and outputs various videos required by the avionics equipment under control of application software on the general processing module.
8. The avionics equipment simulator based on the layered decoupling architecture of claim 7, wherein the universal video module comprises a video processing module and a video distribution module, and the video processing module is used for realizing video splicing, superposition, windowing and matrix gating according to instructions of the master control application software; the video distribution module is used for converting and scaling the format of the external input video, converting the format into the video with standard resolution for processing by the universal video processing module.
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