CN112362614A - Current injection type DFB laser array continuous frequency sweep driving method and measuring optical path - Google Patents
Current injection type DFB laser array continuous frequency sweep driving method and measuring optical path Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A continuous sweep frequency driving method and a measuring optical path of a current injection type DFB laser array belong to the technical field of sweep frequency light sources. The invention aims at the problem that the service life of the laser is influenced by adopting a large-current injection mode to realize large-range frequency sweeping of the conventional array DFB laser. The method comprises the following steps: two DFB lasers are used as sweep frequency light sources, so that the internal temperatures of the two DFB lasers are respectively stabilized at corresponding preset temperature values, and the difference between the two preset temperature values is set as a temperature difference; the set temperature difference enables the difference value of the sweep frequency wavelength of a pair of corresponding laser diodes in the two DFB lasers to be half of the initial wavelength of the two adjacent laser diodes in each DFB laser; sequentially injecting currents with the same magnitude into a pair of laser diodes with corresponding wavelengths in the two DFB lasers according to time sequence to enable the difference of output light frequencies of the laser diodes to be 1.5 nm; and the sweep frequency range of all laser diodes reaches 1.5nm, and continuous seamless sweep frequency in the 36nm range is realized. The invention can obviously reduce the effective value of the current injected by the laser diode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a continuous sweep frequency driving method and a measuring optical path of a current injection type DFB laser array, belonging to the technical field of sweep frequency light sources.
Background
In FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) lidar and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) systems, performance indexes of a swept-frequency laser light source play a significant role in the overall system. In order to meet the requirements of high precision, high efficiency and low cost measurement technologies, various sweep frequency light sources have come into existence, and mainly include DFB lasers (Distributed Feedback lasers), ring fiber lasers, external cavity lasers, vertical cavity surface reflection lasers and the like. Wherein the ring fiber laser and the vertical cavity surface reflection laser cannot have a sufficiently high coherence length for technical reasons; the frequency sweeping speed of the external cavity laser is low, the price is high, and the requirements of high-efficiency and low-cost application cannot be met; the single DFB laser is more acceptable due to good coherence and low cost, but the sweep frequency range is relatively small, so that the resolution of the measurement result is relatively small, and high-precision measurement cannot be realized.
The output optical frequency of the DFB laser mainly has two tuning modes, i.e., current injection mode and temperature tuning mode. The current injection type is low in implementation difficulty and high in speed, but the tuning range is small compared with a tuning temperature method for the same laser; a larger sweep range can be obtained by injecting a higher current into the laser diode. The temperature tuning mode is opposite to the current injection mode, and the tuning range is large; however, due to the influence of thermal inertia, the tuning speed is slow, and thus the requirement of the measurement system on the frequency sweeping speed cannot be met.
Based on this current situation, some research organizations adopt an array DFB laser as a novel swept-frequency light source, where the array DFB laser includes 12 laser diodes with different wave bands. According to the wavelength of a required wave band, current can be injected into a certain specific laser diode, and the temperature of the certain specific laser diode is controlled in a closed loop mode through an internally integrated TEC (thermoelectric cooler), so that the output of any optical frequency value in the specific wave band is realized, and the laser diode can be used as a light source of different channels in laser communication. When an array DFB laser is used as a frequency sweep, the following method is adopted by some research organizations: firstly, an internal integrated TEC closed-loop temperature controller is used for stabilizing the internal temperature of the laser at a certain fixed value, and then pulse heavy current which is several times of rated current is injected into each diode in the laser in sequence, so that large-range frequency sweep is realized by simply utilizing a current injection mode: the sweep frequency range of a single laser tube can exceed 3nm, and the sweep frequency range of the whole laser can reach 36 nm.
However, in practical applications, the implementation of such a swept-frequency light source has the following problems: since each laser diode is subjected to an overheat shock several times its rated current during use, the lifetime of the laser will be greatly reduced. To reduce the negative impact on lifetime, the duration of the current injection may be reduced; but this simultaneously means that the beat frequency signal frequency generated in the measuring process is greatly increased, and the later acquisition and processing are stressed. Therefore, the service life of the laser and the acquisition and processing difficulty of the measurement signal in the implementation mode of the sweep frequency light source form a contradiction which is difficult to reconcile.
Therefore, it is desirable to design a swept-frequency light source that can produce a desired measurement signal without affecting the lifetime of the laser.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a continuous frequency sweep driving method and a measuring optical path of a current injection type DFB laser array, aiming at the problem that when the existing array type DFB laser is used as a frequency sweep light source, large-range frequency sweep is realized by adopting a large-current injection mode, and the service life of the laser is negatively influenced.
The invention relates to a continuous sweep frequency driving method of a current injection type DFB laser array, which comprises the following steps,
the two DFB lasers are used as frequency sweeping light sources, so that the internal temperatures of the two DFB lasers are respectively stabilized at corresponding preset temperature values, and the preset temperature values of the two DFB lasers are different by a set temperature difference; the set temperature difference enables the difference value of the sweep frequency wavelength of a pair of corresponding laser diodes in the two DFB lasers to be half of the initial wavelength of the two adjacent laser diodes in each DFB laser;
sequentially injecting currents with the same magnitude into a pair of laser diodes with corresponding wavelengths in the two DFB lasers according to time sequence to enable the difference of output light frequencies of the laser diodes to be 1.5 nm; and the sweep frequency range of all laser diodes reaches 1.5nm, and continuous seamless sweep frequency in the 36nm range is realized.
According to the continuous frequency sweep driving method of the current injection type DFB laser array, the set temperature difference comprises 20 ℃.
According to the continuous frequency sweeping driving method for the current injection type DFB laser array, the temperature preset value of one DFB laser is 15 ℃; the temperature of the other DFB laser was preset at 35 ℃.
The invention also provides a measuring light path, wherein the sweep frequency light source adopts the current injection type DFB laser array continuous sweep frequency driving method, and the measuring light path comprises a No. 1 coupler, a No. 2 coupler, a No. 3 coupler, PBS, a focusing system, an auxiliary interferometer, a No. 1 detector, a No. 2 detector, an acquisition module and a processing module;
light sequentially output by two DFB lasers in the swept-frequency light source is split by the No. 1 coupler, one beam of light is incident to the No. 2 coupler, and the other beam of light is incident to the auxiliary interferometer;
the No. 2 coupler splits incident light to obtain two beams of light; the system comprises a focusing system, a No. 3 coupler, a PBS (polarization beam splitter), a focusing system, a signal processing system and a signal processing system, wherein a beam of light serving as detection light is incident to the focusing system after being processed by the PBS, the focusing system focuses an input beam and then hits a target, and the light reflected by the target is incident to the No. 3 coupler after being focused by the focusing system and processed by the PBS; the other beam of light is incident to the No. 3 coupler as local oscillation light;
the No. 3 coupler combines the two received beams of light and transmits the light to the No. 1 detector for photoelectric detection, and a No. 1 electric signal is obtained and sent to the acquisition module;
after the auxiliary interferometer processes the incident beam, a beat frequency signal is generated and sent to the No. 2 detector for photoelectric detection, and the No. 2 electric signal obtained by the No. 2 detector is sent to the acquisition module;
the acquisition module sends the two received electric signals to the processing module, and the processing module is used for performing spectrum analysis processing on the two electric signals to obtain a target distance.
According to the measuring optical path of the invention, the method for obtaining the target distance comprises the following steps:
the processing module takes the received No. 2 electric signal as a known orthogonal base, performs convolution operation on the received No. 2 electric signal and the No. 1 electric signal to realize spectrum analysis, and based on the fact that the No. 1 electric signal and the No. 2 electric signal contain the same mode hopping, the mode hopping in the No. 2 electric signal and the mode hopping in the No. 1 electric signal are mutually offset in the convolution operation process, so that a distance spectrum carrying target information is obtained, and a target distance is obtained according to the distance spectrum.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a mode of sequentially injecting current into two DFB array lasers which are stable at different temperatures in turn. Based on the mode, the effective value of the current injected by each laser diode can be obviously reduced, so that the negative influence on the service life of the laser is reduced; the frequency sweeping speed can be reduced along with the frequency sweeping speed, so that the FMCW laser radar can measure a longer distance under the condition of unchanged acquisition bandwidth; and the price is far lower than that of an external cavity laser. Compared with other existing swept-frequency light source schemes, the method has the advantages of being obvious in important indexes, and capable of meeting the requirements of more precise and stable measurement of FMCW laser radars and optical coherence tomography systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic frequency modulation of an FM/CW lidar; the ordinate f in the figure is the beat frequency;
FIG. 2 is a time domain waveform diagram of a beat signal of an FM/CW lidar;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the measurement path of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional optical path for measurement using an array DFB laser as a swept-frequency light source;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the current experienced by each diode when the swept frequency drive method of the present invention is employed;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the current carried by each diode when the conventional frequency sweep driving method is adopted.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
In a first aspect of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 4, a method for continuous frequency sweep driving of a current injection DFB laser array is provided, which includes,
the two DFB lasers are used as frequency sweeping light sources, so that the internal temperatures of the two DFB lasers are respectively stabilized at corresponding preset temperature values, and the preset temperature values of the two DFB lasers are different by a set temperature difference; the set temperature difference enables the difference value of the sweep frequency wavelength of a pair of corresponding laser diodes in the two DFB lasers to be half of the initial wavelength of the two adjacent laser diodes in each DFB laser;
sequentially injecting currents with the same magnitude into a pair of laser diodes with corresponding wavelengths in the two DFB lasers according to time sequence to enable the difference of output light frequencies of the laser diodes to be 1.5 nm; and the sweep frequency range of all laser diodes reaches 1.5nm, and continuous seamless sweep frequency in the 36nm range is realized.
In this embodiment, the internal temperatures of the two lasers may be set as required, for example, the temperature difference may be set to be 20 ℃, and at this time, the difference between the sweep wavelengths of the corresponding laser tubes in the two lasers is half of the initial wavelength of the two adjacent laser tubes in each laser. Because the wavelength of the laser tube is controlled by the temperature and the current at the same time when the laser tube emits light, the method of the invention utilizes the stable temperature to generate the specific wavelength difference, and then utilizes the current frequency sweeping mode to enable the two lasers to seamlessly scan the whole wave band.
As an example, the form of current injection for two DFB lasers may be: controlling a diode pair I and a diode pair II corresponding to the two DFB lasers in sequence, injecting target current into one diode of the diode pair I, and injecting the same current into the other diode after the sweep frequency period is finished; then the same driving current is injected into one diode in the second diode pair, and so on.
The embodiment provides a high-precision, large-range and low-cost swept-source solution for FMCW laser radars and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) systems. FM/CW laser radar adopts sawtooth wave frequency modulation mode to carry out frequency modulation on tunable laser, the schematic diagrams of frequency modulation and beat frequency signals are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and the measured distance RTThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein f isIFFor beat frequency, TmIs the frequency modulation period, c is the speed of light, and omega is the frequency modulation range;
the distance limit resolution Δ R of the sweep frequency interference absolute distance measurement is:
and B is the sweep frequency bandwidth of the laser.
According to the formula (2), the sweep frequency bandwidth of the sweep frequency light source is improved, and the ranging precision can be improved.
In order to design a sweep frequency light source which is easy to detect beat frequency signals, long in service life, stable and reliable, and the bandwidth of which meets the high-precision measurement requirement, the embodiment adopts a mode of sequentially injecting current into two DFB array lasers which are stable at different temperatures in turn. Based on the mode, the effective value of the current injected by each laser diode can be obviously reduced; the frequency sweeping speed can be reduced along with the frequency sweeping speed, so that the FMCW laser radar can measure a longer distance under the condition of unchanged acquisition bandwidth; and the price is far lower than that of an external cavity laser. Compared with other existing swept-frequency light source schemes, the method has the advantages of being obvious in important indexes, and capable of meeting the requirements of more precise and stable measurement of FMCW laser radars and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) systems.
Further, the preset temperature value of one DFB laser is 15 ℃; the temperature of the other DFB laser was preset at 35 ℃.
In this embodiment, the two lasers may use their respective TECs and thermal sensitive elements to cooperate with the peripheral circuit to form a temperature control system, so that the internal temperature of the two lasers is stabilized at 15 ℃ and 35 ℃. Because the consistency of the two lasers is relatively good, the currents with the same magnitude are injected into the laser diodes with the corresponding wavelengths in the two lasers, and the difference between the output light frequencies corresponding to the two lasers is 1.5 nm. At this time, continuous seamless coverage in the total sweep range of 36nm can be achieved by ensuring that 24 diodes in the two lasers sweep sequentially through a range of up to 1.5 nm. In practical operation, the scanning range of each laser diode can be slightly larger than 1.5nm, and continuous seamless coverage in the scanning range is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the sweep length of each laser diode can be reduced to a half from 3nm, and as can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the amplitude and time of the injection current can be effectively reduced by the method.
Experience has shown that the lifetime of a laser diode is closely related to the heat build-up that occurs at its PN junction, i.e. the lower the heat build-up that occurs, the longer the lifetime. The laser diode is regarded as a pure resistance structure, and the calculation formula Q of the electric heat is I2Rt shows that as the current I and the injection time t decrease, the heat Q generated during the operation of the laser will decrease significantly, thereby greatly prolonging the service life thereof. Where R is the resistance of the laser diode.
On the basis of the driving method, the sweep frequency speed of the laser can be reduced by properly prolonging the injection time t of the current, and the reduction of the sweep frequency speed means the reduction of a beat frequency signal of a measured target at a certain distance by an FMCW laser radar ranging system, so that the measurement range is expanded under the condition that the detection and acquisition bandwidth is not changed by the system, as can be known from formula (1).
In a second specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 to 6, another aspect of the present invention further provides a measurement optical path, where the swept-frequency light source adopts the continuous swept-frequency driving method of the current-injection DFB laser array described in the first specific embodiment, and the measurement optical path includes a No. 1 coupler, a No. 2 coupler, a No. 3 coupler, a PBS, a focusing system, an auxiliary interferometer, a No. 1 detector, a No. 2 detector, an acquisition module, and a processing module;
light sequentially output by two DFB lasers in the swept-frequency light source is split by the No. 1 coupler, one beam of light is incident to the No. 2 coupler, and the other beam of light is incident to the auxiliary interferometer;
the No. 2 coupler splits incident light to obtain two beams of light; the system comprises a focusing system, a No. 3 coupler, a PBS (polarization beam splitter), a focusing system, a signal processing system and a signal processing system, wherein a beam of light serving as detection light is incident to the focusing system after being processed by the PBS, the focusing system focuses an input beam and then hits a target, and the light reflected by the target is incident to the No. 3 coupler after being focused by the focusing system and processed by the PBS; the other beam of light is incident to the No. 3 coupler as local oscillation light;
the No. 3 coupler combines the two received beams of light and transmits the light to the No. 1 detector for photoelectric detection, and a No. 1 electric signal is obtained and sent to the acquisition module;
after the auxiliary interferometer processes the incident beam, a beat frequency signal is generated and sent to the No. 2 detector for photoelectric detection, and the No. 2 electric signal obtained by the No. 2 detector is sent to the acquisition module;
the acquisition module sends the two received electric signals to the processing module, and the processing module is used for performing spectrum analysis processing on the two electric signals to obtain a target distance.
Further, the method for obtaining the target distance comprises the following steps:
the processing module takes the received No. 2 electric signal as a known orthogonal base, performs convolution operation on the received No. 2 electric signal and the No. 1 electric signal to realize spectrum analysis, and based on the fact that the No. 1 electric signal and the No. 2 electric signal contain the same mode hopping, the mode hopping in the No. 2 electric signal and the mode hopping in the No. 1 electric signal are mutually offset in the convolution operation process, so that a distance spectrum carrying target information is obtained, and a target distance is obtained according to the distance spectrum.
The method of the invention ensures that the array DFB laser can stably work for a long time with relatively low heat accumulation.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (5)
1. A continuous sweep frequency driving method for current injection DFB laser array is characterized in that it includes,
the two DFB lasers are used as frequency sweeping light sources, so that the internal temperatures of the two DFB lasers are respectively stabilized at corresponding preset temperature values, and the preset temperature values of the two DFB lasers are different by a set temperature difference; the set temperature difference enables the difference value of the sweep frequency wavelength of a pair of corresponding laser diodes in the two DFB lasers to be half of the initial wavelength of the two adjacent laser diodes in each DFB laser;
sequentially injecting currents with the same magnitude into a pair of laser diodes with corresponding wavelengths in the two DFB lasers according to time sequence to enable the difference of output light frequencies of the laser diodes to be 1.5 nm; and the sweep frequency range of all laser diodes reaches 1.5nm, and continuous seamless sweep frequency in the 36nm range is realized.
2. A method for continuous swept frequency drive of a current-injection DFB laser array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the set temperature difference comprises 20 ℃.
3. A continuous swept frequency driving method for a current injection DFB laser array according to claim 2, wherein the preset temperature value of one DFB laser is 15 ℃; the temperature of the other DFB laser was preset at 35 ℃.
4. A measuring optical path is characterized in that a swept-frequency light source adopts the continuous swept-frequency driving method of the current injection DFB laser array of claim 3, and the measuring optical path comprises a No. 1 coupler, a No. 2 coupler, a No. 3 coupler, a PBS (polarization beam splitter), a focusing system, an auxiliary interferometer, a No. 1 detector, a No. 2 detector, an acquisition module and a processing module;
light sequentially output by two DFB lasers in the swept-frequency light source is split by the No. 1 coupler, one beam of light is incident to the No. 2 coupler, and the other beam of light is incident to the auxiliary interferometer;
the No. 2 coupler splits incident light to obtain two beams of light; the system comprises a focusing system, a No. 3 coupler, a PBS (polarization beam splitter), a focusing system, a signal processing system and a signal processing system, wherein a beam of light serving as detection light is incident to the focusing system after being processed by the PBS, the focusing system focuses an input beam and then hits a target, and the light reflected by the target is incident to the No. 3 coupler after being focused by the focusing system and processed by the PBS; the other beam of light is incident to the No. 3 coupler as local oscillation light;
the No. 3 coupler combines the two received beams of light and transmits the light to the No. 1 detector for photoelectric detection, and a No. 1 electric signal is obtained and sent to the acquisition module;
after the auxiliary interferometer processes the incident beam, a beat frequency signal is generated and sent to the No. 2 detector for photoelectric detection, and the No. 2 electric signal obtained by the No. 2 detector is sent to the acquisition module;
the acquisition module sends the two received electric signals to the processing module, and the processing module is used for performing spectrum analysis processing on the two electric signals to obtain a target distance.
5. The measurement lightpath of claim 4, wherein the means for obtaining the target distance comprises: the processing module takes the received No. 2 electric signal as a known orthogonal base, performs convolution operation on the received No. 2 electric signal and the No. 1 electric signal to realize spectrum analysis, and based on the fact that the No. 1 electric signal and the No. 2 electric signal contain the same mode hopping, the mode hopping in the No. 2 electric signal and the mode hopping in the No. 1 electric signal are mutually offset in the convolution operation process, so that a distance spectrum carrying target information is obtained, and a target distance is obtained according to the distance spectrum.
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