CN112361716A - 用于从空气分离装置中制备高压气体的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于从空气分离装置中制备高压气体的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN112361716A
CN112361716A CN202011155756.5A CN202011155756A CN112361716A CN 112361716 A CN112361716 A CN 112361716A CN 202011155756 A CN202011155756 A CN 202011155756A CN 112361716 A CN112361716 A CN 112361716A
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fraction
heat exchanger
gas
main heat
distillation column
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曹建伟
徐林
埃里克·戴
巴普蒂斯特·法拉
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Priority to CN202011155756.5A priority Critical patent/CN112361716A/zh
Publication of CN112361716A publication Critical patent/CN112361716A/zh
Priority to EP21202476.4A priority patent/EP3988879A3/en
Priority to US17/500,877 priority patent/US20220128301A1/en
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    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
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    • F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于从空气分离装置中制备高压气体的方法和装置，其中该方法包括：在足以使馈入冷空气分离成第一气体和第二气体的条件下，将该馈入冷空气引入蒸馏塔系统；从该蒸馏塔系统排出该第一和第二气体并且在主换热器中加热该第一和第二气体，其中从该蒸馏塔系统以中压排出该第一气体；将该第一气体分成第一馏分和第二馏分；在涡轮机中使该第一馏分膨胀；以及以高于该中压的压力在增压机中压缩该第二馏分，其中该增压机由涡轮机提供动力。

Description

用于从空气分离装置中制备高压气体的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种从空气分离装置制备高压气体的方法和装置。
背景技术
低温空气分离装置(ASUs)通过吸入空气并在低温下利用蒸馏将空气分离成氮气和氧气从而制备纯氮和纯氧流，最常使用的是双级蒸馏塔，该塔由低压塔和中压塔组成。一般情况下，ASU装置利用低压塔制备低压氮气，利用中压塔制备中压氮气。
通常有两种方式获得高压氮气(例如压力大于中压塔的压力，例如7到11巴)：(1)内部压缩和(2)外部压缩。若使用内部压缩，从中压塔中排出液氮(LIN)并将其送入液泵以加压至期望高压；然后在主换热器中蒸发该液氮。若使用外部压缩，先从中压或低压塔中分别排出该中压或低压气体，然后在主换热器内对该中压或低压气体加热。在主换热器内进行加热后，加热后的气体在专用压缩机内进行压缩。
然而，在使用内部压缩时，对现有ASU装置的改造需要新的液氮泵并会影响主换热器和主空气压缩机(和/或空气增压机)的运行。事实上，在某些情形下，现有主换热器可能并非针对液氮蒸发所设计，因此，可能需要不同设计的主换热器。此外，上述改造也会增加运营费用。
就外部增压来说，因使用专用氮气压缩机压缩来自主换热器的氮气，资本费用和运营费用也会增加。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种提供加压氮气的设备和方法，其不会增加资本费用和运营费用。在一个实施方式中，本发明包括将来自主换热器的中压氮气分成两路，其中一路进入涡轮机以制备低压氮气，另一路进入氮气增压机。由于涡轮机可用于驱动氮气增压机，尽管资本费用增加，但运营费用并未有大的变化。
在另一实施方式中，本发明包括第二换热器，其用于在增压机制备的高压氮气和涡轮机制备的低压氮气之间换热。
在某些实施方式中，本发明无需从蒸馏塔系统中排出任何额外的气流以进行加热，这意味着对现有主换热器和蒸馏塔系统不会有任何影响。进一步地，因氮气增压机由涡轮机提供动力，几乎无需额外电力，这意味着运营费用几乎没有变化。
在一个实施方式中，提供一种从空气分离装置中制备高压气体的方法。在该实施方式中，该方法包括如下步骤：在足以使馈入冷空气分离成第一气体和第二气体的条件下，将该馈入冷空气引入蒸馏塔系统；从该蒸馏塔系统排出该第一和第二气体并且在主换热器中加热该第一和第二气体，其中从该蒸馏塔系统以中压排出该第一气体；将该第一气体分成第一馏分和第二馏分；在涡轮机中使该第一馏分膨胀；以及以高于该中压的压力在增压机中压缩该第二馏分，其中该增压机由涡轮机提供动力。
在该用于制备高压气体的方法的可选实施方式中：
该方法还可以包括加热该膨胀后的第一馏分的步骤；
以所述增压后的第二馏分为热源，在第二换热器中加热所述膨胀后的第一馏分；
在该主换热器中加热该膨胀后的第一馏分；
使用专用冷却器将该增压后的第二馏分冷却至室温；
专用冷却器是水冷却器；
在主换热器的中间位置排出该第一馏分和该第二馏分，使得该第一馏分和该第二馏分在该主换热器中部分加热；
该方法还可以包括在该主换热器内加热该膨胀后的第一馏分的步骤，其中该增压后的第二馏分在该增压机的排放口位置为室温；
在该主换热器的中间位置排出该第二馏分,在该主换热器的热端排出该第一馏分，使得该第一馏分被完全加热，该第二馏分被部分加热；
该方法还可以包括在该主换热器内加热该膨胀后的第一馏分的步骤，其中该增压后的第二馏分在该增压机排放口位置为室温；
该蒸馏塔系统包括至少一个蒸馏塔；
该蒸馏塔系统包括双级塔；
该第一气体是氮气，以及该第二气体是氧气。
本发明还提供了一种用于从空气分离装置中制备高压气体的装置，该装置包括：
具有热端和冷端的主换热器；
与主换热器冷端流体连通的蒸馏塔系统，其中，所述的蒸馏塔系统用于接收从主换热器冷端馈入的冷空气并将馈入的冷空气分离成第一气体和第二气体，所述的蒸馏塔系统还用于将第一气体输送至所述的主换热器冷端；
与所述的主换热器流体连通的涡轮机，其中，所述的涡轮机用于接收在所述的主换热器中加热后的所述第一气体的第一馏分；
与所述的主换热器流体连通的增压机，其中，所述的增压机用于接收在所述的主换热器中加热后的所述第一气体的第二馏分，从而提供压力大于所述的蒸馏塔系统内工作压力的高压气体；
其中，所述的涡轮机为所述增压机提供动力。
附图说明
本发明的以上以及其他特征、方面和优点通过以下具体实施方式、权利要求书、和附图将会更易理解。但是，要注意到附图仅示意性地示出了本发明的部分实施方式，因此不得将其视为对本发明范围的限制，本发明范围也涵盖其他具有同等效果的实施方式。
图1为本发明的实施方式。
图2为本发明的第二实施方式。
图3为本发明的第三实施方式。
图4为本发明的第四实施方式。
具体实施方式
尽管结合了部分实施方式对本发明进行描述，要理解其并非旨在将本发明限制在这些实施方式。相反地，其旨在涵盖后附权利要求书所限定的本发明精神和范围内可能包括的一切替代、修改和等同实施方式。
在图1中，已压缩并净化的馈入空气2在主换热器10中冷却并引入蒸馏塔系统20。本领域普通技术人员将会意识到该蒸馏塔系统可以为任何适于将空气分离成空气组分(诸如氮气、氧气和氩气)的任何系统。在图1所示的实施方式中，将气态氮气流22从该蒸馏塔系统20中以优选为中压(即与双级塔系统中的中压塔匹配的压力)排出并在主换热器10中进行加热。加热后，气态氮气流22被优选地分离为第一馏分24和第二馏分26。第一馏分24穿过涡轮机被膨胀以制备低压氮气32。第二馏分26在增压机40内被压缩以制备高压氮气42。通过在第二换热器50内将高压氮气42对照低压氮气32进行冷却去除该高压氮气的压缩热，从而生成低压氮气产物流34和高压氮气产物流44。
图1所示的实施方式特别用于无需修改现有主换热器10的空气分离设备的改造。可替代地，第二换热器50用于针对流42提供适宜的冷却。
图2中的设置大体上与图1相同，除针对流42和32进行分别冷却和加热外。在本实施方式中，高压氮气42可通过水冷却器45进行冷却，低压氮气32可在主换热器10中进行加热。图2所示的实施方式的优点在于膨胀的低压氮气32所提供的冷量可进一步用于冷却馈入空气2，从而使得流程工艺更具灵活性(例如，增加液体产量和/或降低运营费用)。
在图3所示的实施方式中，高压氮气42无需任何额外的冷却就在压缩后降至室温，因为气态氮气流22在主换热器10内只进行部分加热。
图4提供了与图3相似的另一实施方式；但是，在图4的实施方式中，第一馏分24先在主换热器10内充分加热，然后在涡轮机30内进行膨胀。图3和图4的流42在增压机40内压缩后优选地处于室温。通过将第一馏分24充分加热至室温，要么因更高的焓变在膨胀涡轮机30内产生更大的动力，要么可以利用流42的更低流率以获得针对流42的同等压力。因此，图4的实施方式能够降低能耗和/或增加高压氮气的产量。
下列各表示出了每个附图中的各种流的流量、温度和压力对比。
表I:针对图1的对比数据
2 22 24 32 34 26 42 44
F(Nm3/h) 158550 36360 18000 18000 18000 18360 18360 18360
P(bar a) 5.967 5.748 5.535 1.220 1.106 5.535 10.262 10.162
T(C) 26.0 -177.4 15.6 -60.7 20.0 15.6 89.6 11.4
表II:针对图2的对比数据
2 22 24 32 34 26 42 44
F(Nm3/h) 159170 36360 17990 17990 17990 18370 18370 18370
P(bar a) 5.961 5.742 5.544 1.320 1.197 5.544 10.034 9.934
T(C) 26.0 -177.4 8.1 -63.3 8.1 8.1 77.2 29.0
表III:针对图3的对比数据
2 22 24 32 34 26 42
F(Nm3/h) 159750 36360 17840 17840 17840 18520 18520
P(bar a) 5.969 5.750 5.552 1.290 1.176 5.552 10.031
T(C) 26.0 -177.3 -50.0 -107.7 17.2 -50.0 4.7
表IV:针对图4的对比数据
2 22 24 32 34 26 42
F(Nm3/h) 158400 31300 12800 12800 12800 18500 18500
P(bar a) 5.988 5.773 5.750 1.190 1.171 5.576 10.068
T(C) 26.0 -177.3 17.1 -62.1 17.1 -50.0 4.7
尽管上文描述的实施方式基于中压氮气的流22进行了披露，本领域普通技术人员会认识到流22也可以是低压氧气。
尽管已结合具体实施方式对本发明进行了描述，基于前文描述进行的替代、修改和变化对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。因此，本发明旨在涵盖落入后附权利要求书的精神和范围内的所有替代、修改和变化。本发明可以合适地包括、包含、或基本上包含所披露的元素，也可在缺乏未披露元素的情形下实施。进一步地，指称顺序(诸如第一和第二)的表述应该理解为示例性地，而非限制性地。例如，本领域技术人员可以认识到某些步骤可以合并为一个步骤。
除非上下文明确指示，单数形式“一”或“该”也包括复数指称。
可选的(地)意指随后描述的事件或情形可以发生也可以不发生。本说明书涵盖该事件或情形可能发生的实例或不会发生的实例。
本文所表述的范围为从某一个大约特定值，和/或到另一个大约特定值。当表述这一范围时，应该理解另一实施方式为从该一个大约特定值和/或到该另一个大约特定值，连同该范围内的所有组合。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于从空气分离装置中制备高压气体的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括如下步骤：
在足以使馈入冷空气分离成第一气体和第二气体的条件下，将所述馈入冷空气引入蒸馏塔系统；
从所述蒸馏塔系统排出所述第一和第二气体并且在主换热器中加热所述第一和第二气体，其中从所述蒸馏塔系统以中压排出所述第一气体；
将所述第一气体分成第一馏分和第二馏分；
在涡轮机中使所述第一馏分膨胀；以及
以高于所述中压的压力在增压机中压缩所述第二馏分，其中所述增压机由涡轮机提供动力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括加热所述膨胀后的第一馏分的步骤。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，以所述增压后的第二馏分为热源，在第二换热器中加热所述膨胀后的第一馏分。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述主换热器中加热所述膨胀后的第一馏分。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，使用专用冷却器将所述增压后的第二馏分冷却至室温。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述专用冷却器是水冷却器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述主换热器的中间位置排出所述第一馏分和所述第二馏分，使得所述第一馏分和所述第二馏分在所述主换热器中部分加热。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括在所述主换热器内加热所述膨胀后的第一馏分的步骤，其中所述增压后的第二馏分在位于所述增压机排风口位置为室温。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述主换热器的中间位置排出所述第二馏分,在所述主换热器的热端排出所述第一馏分，使得所述第一馏分被完全加热，所述第二馏分被部分加热。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括在所述主换热器内加热所述膨胀后的第一馏分的步骤，其中所述增压后的第二馏分在所述增压机排出口时为室温。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述蒸馏塔系统包括至少一个蒸馏塔。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述蒸馏塔系统包括双级塔。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一气体是氮气，以及所述第二气体是氧气。
14.一种用于从空气分离装置中制备高压气体的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括：
具有热端和冷端的主换热器；
与主换热器冷端流体连通的蒸馏塔系统，其中，所述的蒸馏塔系统用于接收从主换热器冷端馈入的冷空气并将馈入的冷空气分离成第一气体和第二气体，所述的蒸馏塔系统还用于将第一气体输送至所述的主换热器冷端；
与所述的主换热器流体连通的涡轮机，其中，所述的涡轮机用于接收在所述的主换热器中加热后的所述第一气体的第一馏分；
与所述的主换热器流体连通的增压机，其中，所述的增压机用于接收在所述的主换热器中加热后的所述第一气体的第二馏分，从而提供压力大于所述的蒸馏塔系统内工作压力的高压气体；
其中，所述的涡轮机为所述增压机提供动力。
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Application publication date: 20210212