CN112360443B - Water flooding level evaluation method based on rock resistivity change rate and phase-seepage coupling - Google Patents
Water flooding level evaluation method based on rock resistivity change rate and phase-seepage coupling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a water logging level evaluation method based on rock resistance change rate and phase permeation coupling, which comprises the following steps of taking a plunger sample core from an ultralow permeability reservoir with high resistance and normal resistivity, firstly simulating an oil reservoir formation process, recovering an oil reservoir state, respectively carrying out rock resistivity experiments for simulating fresh water flooding and produced water reinjection, and taking the same interval or parallel samples of the well to carry out phase permeation experiments. R is the change rule of rock resistivity in the water displacement process t ‑S w Conversion to relative change in reservoir resistivity after flooding and normalized water saturation relationship I-S w * . Then establishing normalized water saturation S from an phase permeation experiment w * And (3) in a corresponding relation with the flooding grade, the evaluation of the flooding grade of the reservoir is realized by utilizing the relative change of the resistivity of the oil layer after flooding. The invention realizes the evaluation of the flooding grade of the reservoir by utilizing the relative change of the resistivity of the oil layer after flooding, and is applicable to the evaluation of different types of flooding layers such as high-resistance reservoir, normal resistivity reservoir, fresh water flooding, produced water reinjection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geophysical well logging and petrophysical experiments, in particular to a flooding level evaluation method based on rock resistance change rate and phase-seepage coupling.
Background
An ultra-low permeability reservoir refers to a reservoir having an air permeability between 0.1 and 1 mD. With the advancement of oilfield exploration work, more and more ultra-low permeability reservoirs are put into development. The ultra-low permeability reservoir has the characteristics of poor physical properties and high starting pressure gradient, and the development of the ultra-low permeability reservoir requires fracturing and water injection. Accurately evaluating the flooding grade of the ultralow permeability reservoir, being beneficial to searching residual oil and guiding the oil field encryption development.
At present, no special method for evaluating the flooding layer of the ultralow permeability reservoir based on a petrophysical experiment exists, and the research on the high-resistance flooding layer is blank. The existing rock resistivity experimental study of the flooding layer is usually carried out in hydrophilic rock samples with medium and high pore permeability, and the evaluation of the flooding layer is realized by utilizing the change of resistivity values in the flooding process.
In 2017, in 02 month, lin Yi is contained in the "XX oilfield water flooding layer conductivity law experiment research and water flooding layer evaluation method" of the master graduation paper, and is analyzed by oil flooding and water flooding experiments, when the mineralization degree of saturated original stratum water is 12g/L, and when two fresh water flooding methods of 700mg/L and 1000mg/L are adopted, the rock resistivity is expressed as L, and when the flooding water solution approaches the mineralization degree of the original stratum water, the resistivity is monotonically reduced. In the method, although the resistivity changes of different injection types of flooding layers are considered, experimental samples are all strong hydrophilic samples, the difference of the resistivity changes of reservoirs with different wettabilities after flooding is not considered, and in addition, the infiltration experiment is simply overlapped with the resistivity and is not comprehensively analyzed, and the special seepage characteristics of the ultralow-permeability reservoir are not considered.
In the oil gas recovery technology of 12 months in 1995, the experimental study of the Dan Dianzu rate characteristic of water flooded rock of Zhao Wenjie works shows that when the ratio of the resistivity of injected water to the resistivity of stratum water is more than 2.5, the resistivity of the rock increases in a U-shaped manner, and when the ratio of the resistivity of the injected water to the resistivity of the stratum water is less than 2.5, the resistivity of the rock monotonically decreases. In the method, although the resistivity change of different injection types of flooding layers is considered, as in the above article, experimental samples are all strong hydrophilic samples, the difference of resistivity change of reservoirs with different wettability after flooding is not considered, an ultralow permeability sample is not taken for experiments, and the special seepage characteristics of the ultralow permeability reservoir are not considered.
The method has the following three problems:
problem one: by utilizing the change R of rock resistivity in the water flooding process t -S w Describing a flooding rule, wherein the absolute values of the resistivities of different samples are different, and the difference caused by the difference of high resistance and normal resistivity is not considered; the rule of universality cannot be extracted, and the water saturation data is difficult to determine during the explanation of actual data;
and a second problem: in the prior art, when the reservoir is oleophilic, the quantitative evaluation method of the change rule of resistivity and the flooding grade after the reservoir is flooded is not considered;
problem three: in previous studies, the seepage characteristics of the oil-water two phases in the rock pores of ultra-low permeability reservoirs were not considered in the water flooding evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problem that seepage characteristics of oil-water two phases in rock pores of an ultralow permeability reservoir cannot be considered in water flooding layer evaluation, the invention provides a water flooding level evaluation method based on rock resistivity change rate and phase seepage coupling.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a flooding level evaluation method based on rock resistivity change rate and phase-seepage coupling is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, taking a plunger sample core from an ultralow permeability reservoir with high resistance and normal resistivity, firstly simulating an oil layer formation process, recovering the oil reservoir state, respectively performing rock resistivity experiments for simulating fresh water flooding and produced water reinjection, and taking samples of the same interval or parallel layers of the well for performing an infiltration experiment;
step 2, the change rule R of the rock resistivity in the water flooding process is determined t -S w Conversion to relative change in reservoir resistivity after flooding and normalized water saturation relationship I-S w * Relative change in reservoir resistivity after flooding with vertical axis：I＝R t /R to Wherein R is t Is the resistivity of the reservoir after flooding, ohm-meter and R to The horizontal axis normalizes the water saturation for reservoir resistivity, ohm-meters: s is S w * ＝(S w -S wi )/(1-S wi -S or )，S w Is the water saturation, S wi Is irreducible water saturation, S or Is the residual oil saturation;
step 3, obtaining a change rule of the water content along with the normalized water saturation from an phase permeation experiment by utilizing a shunt value equation: f (f) w —S w * Dividing the water flooding level of the reservoir according to the water content, and establishing the horizontal axis normalized water saturation S w * Corresponding relation with flooding level;
step 4, selecting a corresponding characteristic water flooding curve, and according to the relation I-S of the relative change of the resistivity of the water flooded layer and the normalized water saturation w * And obtaining the relative change rate values of the resistivity of oil layers with high resistance and normal resistance at different flooding levels under the injection conditions of fresh water and produced water, and realizing the evaluation of the flooding levels of different types of flooding layers of the ultralow permeability reservoir.
In the step 1, firstly, plunger sample grinding is carried out, washing oil is used for washing salt, vacuumizing is carried out, a solution with a certain mineralization degree is saturated, then, an oil flooding experiment is carried out through a semi-permeable partition plate, the reservoir forming process of an oil layer is simulated, and the state of an oil reservoir is recovered.
In the step 1, the mineralization degree of the solution for simulating freshwater flooding is less than 1/4 of the mineralization degree of the initial saturated solution of the rock sample, the solution for reinjection of the produced water is consistent with the initial saturated solution of the rock sample, the water flooding process adopts slow flooding, the flooding pressure is gradually increased, and the oil is not discharged from the outlet end and the resistivity is not changed any more until the flooding pressure is increased.
In the step 2, the oil layer resistivity R to The resistivity of the sample when the oil was driven to water.
In the step 3, the water content is calculated from the phase permeation experiment through a shunt volume equation:μ w mu, viscosity of displacement water w K is the viscosity of the pore oil rw At a certain water saturation S w Relative permeability of aqueous phase under K ro At a certain water saturation S w Lower oil phase relative permeability.
Water content f w Not more than 20% of the water is not flooded, 20%<f w Less than or equal to 40 percent of the water is flooded with low water, 40 percent of<f w <80% is medium water flooded, f w And more than or equal to 80 percent is high water flooding.
In the step 4, the different types of flooding layers comprise four types of high-resistance fresh water flooding, high-resistance produced water reinjection, normal-resistivity fresh water flooding and normal-resistivity produced water reinjection.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the method is based on rock physics experiments, comprehensively considers the change of resistivity and the seepage characteristic of the ultralow permeability reservoir in the flooding process, and establishes an ultralow permeability reservoir flooding layer evaluation method.
The method is simple to apply, and can realize the evaluation of the flooded layer through the relative change of the resistivity of the flooded reservoir when the evaluation of the flooded layer is carried out.
The method has strong applicability, considers 4 different flooding conditions such as fresh water injection and produced water reinjection of a high-resistance reservoir and a normal resistivity reservoir, and can evaluate the flooding level.
Further description will be made below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating flooding level of an ultra-low permeability reservoir based on petrophysical experiments.
The resistivity relative change during flooding of the high resistance sample of fig. 2 is related to normalized water saturation.
FIG. 3 relative change in resistivity during flooding of a normal resistivity sample versus normalized water saturation.
FIG. 4 normalized water saturation versus flooding level correspondence in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.
Figure 5 is a graph of ultra-low permeability reservoir flooding level evaluation based on petrophysical experiments.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the evaluation of the flooding level of a 6-high-resistance fresh water flooding layer with a white X-well length.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the well logging interpretation results for a white X-well length 6 high resistance fresh water flooding layer.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
in order to overcome the problem that seepage characteristics of oil-water two phases in rock pores of an ultralow-seepage reservoir cannot be considered in water flooding layer evaluation, the invention provides a water flooding level evaluation method based on rock resistance change rate and seepage coupling as shown in figures 1-7.
A flooding level evaluation method based on rock resistivity change rate and phase-seepage coupling is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, taking a plunger sample core from an ultralow permeability reservoir with high resistance and normal resistivity, firstly simulating an oil layer formation process, recovering the oil reservoir state, respectively performing rock resistivity experiments for simulating fresh water flooding and produced water reinjection, and taking samples of the same interval or parallel layers of the well for performing an infiltration experiment;
step 2, the change rule R of the rock resistivity in the water flooding process is determined t -S w Conversion to relative change in reservoir resistivity after flooding and normalized water saturation relationship I-S w * Relative change in reservoir resistivity after flooding with vertical axis: i=r t /R to Wherein R is t Is the resistivity of the reservoir after flooding, ohm-meter and R to The horizontal axis normalizes the water saturation for reservoir resistivity, ohm-meters: s is S w * ＝(S w -S wi )/(1-S wi -S or )，S w Is the water saturation, S wi Is irreducible water saturation, S or Is the residual oil saturation;
step 3, obtaining a change rule of the water content along with the normalized water saturation from an phase permeation experiment by utilizing a shunt value equation: f (f) w —S w * Dividing the water flooding level of the reservoir according to the water content, and establishingHorizontal axis normalized water saturation S w * Corresponding relation with flooding level;
step 4, selecting a corresponding characteristic water flooding curve, and according to the relation I-S of the relative change of the resistivity of the water flooded layer and the normalized water saturation w * And the evaluation of the flooding grade of different types of flooding layers of the ultralow-permeability reservoir is realized.
The method is based on rock physics experiments, comprehensively considers the change of resistivity and the seepage characteristic of the ultralow permeability reservoir in the flooding process, and establishes an ultralow permeability reservoir flooding layer evaluation method. The method is simple to apply, and can realize the evaluation of the flooded layer through the relative change of the resistivity of the flooded reservoir when the evaluation of the flooded layer is carried out.
The method has strong applicability, considers 4 different flooding conditions such as fresh water injection and produced water reinjection of a high-resistance reservoir and a normal resistivity reservoir, and can evaluate the flooding level.
Example 2:
based on the embodiment 1, in the embodiment, preferably, in the step 1, the plunger sample is ground, the oil is washed, the salt is washed, the solution with a certain mineralization degree is vacuumized and saturated, then the oil flooding experiment is performed through the semi-permeable partition plate, the reservoir formation process of the oil layer is simulated, and the reservoir state is recovered.
Preferably, in the step 1, the mineralization degree of the solution simulating the freshwater flooding is less than 1/4 of the mineralization degree of the solution of the initial saturation of the rock sample, the solution of the reinjection of the produced water is consistent with the solution of the initial saturation of the rock sample, the water displacement process adopts slow driving, the displacement pressure is gradually increased, and the oil is not discharged from the outlet end and the resistivity is not changed any more until the displacement pressure is increased.
Preferably, in the step 2, the oil layer resistivity R to The resistivity of the sample when the oil was driven to water.
Preferably, in the step 3, the water content is calculated from the phase permeation experiment by using a shunt volume equation:μ w viscosity of displacement water，μ w K is the viscosity of the pore oil rw At a certain water saturation S w Relative permeability of aqueous phase under K ro At a certain water saturation S w Lower oil phase relative permeability. According to the interpretation specification of the logging data processing of the low-permeability water flooded layer of Q/SY CQ 01005-2019, the water content f w Not more than 20% of the water is not flooded, 20%<f w Less than or equal to 40 percent of the water is flooded with low water, 40 percent of<f w <80% is medium water flooded, f w And more than or equal to 80 percent is high water flooding.
Preferably, in the step 4, a corresponding characteristic water flooding curve is selected, and the normalized water saturation and the flooding level are determined by using the relative change of the resistivity after flooding, so as to realize the flooding level evaluation of four different types of flooding layers, namely high-resistance fresh water flooding, high-resistance produced water reinjection, normal-resistivity fresh water flooding and normal-resistivity produced water reinjection of the ultralow-permeability reservoir.
The invention realizes the evaluation of the flooding grade of the reservoir by utilizing the relative change of the resistivity of the oil layer after flooding. The method establishes an evaluation chart of the flooding level of the ultralow permeability reservoir based on experiments, realizes the evaluation of the flooding level of the reservoir by utilizing the relative change of the resistivity after the reservoir is flooded, and is applicable to the evaluation of different types of flooding layers of high-resistance reservoirs, normal resistivity reservoirs, fresh water flooding and produced water reinjection. The invention establishes different types of ultra-low permeability reservoir flooding grade evaluation methods based on petrophysical experiments.
Example 3:
based on the embodiment 1 or 2, in the embodiment, plunger-like core is taken from ultralow permeability reservoir with high resistance and normal resistivity of the Erdos basin, washed with oil and salt, and vacuumized and saturated with CaCl of 20g/L 2 And the solution is used for driving the oil to a bound water state through the semi-permeable partition plate, simulating the oil layer formation process and recovering the oil reservoir state.
In the embodiment, the fresh water in the research area is injected into the water flooded layer, and the fresh water in the sandstone water layer of the Luohe group is used, so that the mineralization degree is 1g/L.
First, caCl of 1g/L is respectively configured 2 Solution and 20g/L CaCl 2 The solution is subjected to a water flooding experiment to simulate fresh water flooding and produced water returnAnd (3) in the injection process, recording the resistivity change in the flooding process, and simultaneously carrying out an phase penetration experiment on samples of the same layer section of the water-taking oil displacement experiment.
Secondly, the change rule R of the rock resistivity in the water flooding process is set t -S w Conversion to relative change in reservoir resistivity after flooding and normalized water saturation relationship I-S w * Relative change in reservoir resistivity after vertical axis flooding i=r t /R to Wherein R is t Is the resistivity of the reservoir after flooding, ohm-meter and R to Normalized water saturation S for reservoir resistivity, ohm-meters, horizontal axis w * ＝(S w -S wi )/(1-S wi -S or )，S w Is the water saturation, S wi Is irreducible water saturation, S or Is the residual oil saturation;
the relative change in resistivity during flooding of the high resistance sample is related to normalized water saturation as shown in fig. 2. The relative change in resistivity during flooding of the normal resistivity sample is related to normalized water saturation as shown in fig. 3.
Thirdly, obtaining a change rule f of the water content along with the normalized water saturation from an phase-permeation experiment by utilizing a shunt capacity equation w —S w * Dividing the water flooding level of the reservoir according to the water content, and establishing the horizontal axis normalized water saturation S w * Corresponding relation with flooding level; FIG. 4 is a graph of the correlation of normalized water saturation to flooding level and the permeability curve of an ultra-low permeability reservoir sample.
Step four, selecting a corresponding characteristic water flooding curve, and according to the relation I-S of the relative change of the resistivity of the flooding layer and the normalized water saturation w * According to the electrical standard (table 1) of the flooding grade of the ultra-low permeability reservoir, the evaluation of the flooding grade of different types of flooding layers of the ultra-low permeability reservoir is realized; ultra-low permeability reservoir flooding level evaluation chart based on petrophysical experiments is shown in fig. 5. The invention can solve the evaluation of the flooding grade of the ultra-low permeability reservoir. In the Hudous basin, the ultra-low permeability high resistance reservoir is a white X-well long 6 reservoir, the result of flooding layer evaluation by using the method is shown in fig. 6 and 7, and the later oil test of the well is carried outAnd confirming that the well is not flooded, and the evaluation result is consistent with the oil test.
Table 1 electrical criteria for flooding level of ultra-low permeability reservoir established based on experimental data
The method is characterized in that the average value of resistivity of the flooded layer is read and compared with an original oil layer, and the relative change of the oil layer after flooding is utilized to realize evaluation of the flooding grade of the flooded layer. The result of the invention is inspected in more than 20 inspection wells of 13 well areas, and the coincidence rate reaches 90%.
The above examples are only for illustrating the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention. The method steps and experiments described in detail in the present invention are all prior art, and will not be further described in the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A flooding level evaluation method based on rock resistivity change rate and phase-seepage coupling is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, taking a plunger sample core from an ultralow permeability reservoir with high resistance and normal resistivity, firstly simulating an oil layer formation process, recovering the oil reservoir state, respectively performing rock resistivity experiments for simulating fresh water flooding and produced water reinjection, and taking samples of the same interval or parallel layers of the well for performing an infiltration experiment;
step 2, the change rule of rock resistivity in the water flooding process is determinedConversion to relative change in reservoir resistivity after flooding and normalized water saturation relationship +.>Relative change in reservoir resistivity after flooding with vertical axis: />//>Wherein->For resistivity of reservoir after flooding, ohm-m,/m->The horizontal axis normalizes the water saturation for reservoir resistivity, ohm-meters: />，/>Is the water saturation, < >>Is irreducible water saturation, < >>Is the residual oil saturation;
step 3, obtaining a change rule of the water content along with the normalized water saturation from an phase permeation experiment by utilizing a shunt value equation:dividing the water flooding level of the reservoir according to the water content, and establishing horizontal axis normalized water saturation +.>Corresponding relation with flooding level; in step 3, the water content is calculated from the phase permeation experiment by the shunt value equation: />，/>For the viscosity of displacement water->Viscosity of pore oil->At a certain water saturation +>Relative permeability of aqueous phase below->At a certain water saturation +>Lower oil phase relative permeability; moisture content->Is not flooded with water>Is used for low-water flooding, and the water is pumped into the water tank,is water flooded in the middle energizer>Is high water flooded;
step 4, selecting a corresponding characteristic water flooding curve, and according to the relation between the relative change of the resistivity of the water flooded layer and the normalized water saturationObtaining the relative change rate values of the resistivity of oil layers with high resistance and normal resistance at different flooding levels under the injection conditions of fresh water and produced water, and realizing the flooding levels of different types of flooding layers of the ultralow-permeability reservoirIs a test of (3).
2. The method for evaluating the flooding level based on rock resistivity change rate and phase-permeable coupling according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step 1, firstly, plunger sample grinding is carried out, washing oil is used for washing salt, vacuumizing is carried out, a solution with a certain mineralization degree is saturated, then, an oil flooding experiment is carried out through a semi-permeable partition plate, the reservoir forming process of an oil layer is simulated, and the state of an oil reservoir is recovered.
3. The method for evaluating the flooding level based on rock resistivity change rate and phase-permeable coupling according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step 1, the mineralization degree of the solution for simulating freshwater flooding is less than 1/4 of the mineralization degree of the initial saturated solution of the rock sample, the solution for reinjection of the produced water is consistent with the initial saturated solution of the rock sample, the water flooding process adopts slow flooding, the flooding pressure is gradually increased, and the oil is not discharged from the outlet end and the resistivity is not changed any more until the flooding pressure is increased.
4. The method for evaluating the flooding level based on rock resistivity change rate and phase-permeable coupling according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step 2, the oil layer resistivityThe resistivity of the sample when the oil was driven to water.
5. The method for evaluating the flooding level based on rock resistivity change rate and phase-permeable coupling according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step 4, the different types of flooding layers comprise four types of high-resistance fresh water flooding, high-resistance produced water reinjection, normal-resistivity fresh water flooding and normal-resistivity produced water reinjection.
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| CN109297869A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-02-01 | 西南交通大学 | For the experimental rig of degradation mechanism containing fissure rock and method under water-rock interaction |
| CN111025409A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-17 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Flooded layer evaluation method and device and storage medium |
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