Background
In recent years, the automobile industry and the machine manufacturing industry in China are rapidly developed, the demand for the cord steel is more and more large, and the requirement on the product quality is higher and more. With the development of automobiles towards the direction of light weight and environmental protection, the strength and the fatigue resistance of the cord wire steel wire are improved, and in the tire with the same total strength, the using amount of the cord wire steel wire can be reduced, so that the weight of the tire is reduced, the rolling resistance of the tire is reduced, the energy consumption is saved, and the production cost of the tire is reduced. At present, the high-strength cord steel 86 grade belongs to a product with high profit and high added value, and has large market capacity and good prospect.
The cord steel has strict requirements on chemical components, inclusions, mechanical properties, metallographic structure and the like due to the requirements on working conditions and safety performance. High Al content2O3The hard invariable clamp impurities and the wire rod core segregation (net carbon) cause the deep customersTwo major problems of tensile or crimp failure. The 86-grade cord has high C content (for example, the 86-grade cord steel wire with the mark of LX86A comprises 0.85-0.90% of C, 0.15-0.35% of Si, 0.40-0.60% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S and less than or equal to 0.10% of Cr), and has heavy continuous casting segregation, so that a wire rod is easy to form a net cementite, a matrix tissue is cut, and the cup-cone-shaped filament breakage is caused in the cord drawing process, thereby causing low production efficiency and poor cord quality.
Most domestic steel enterprises of 86-grade cord wires adopt a process of bloom (throwing under light pressure), high-temperature diffusion, cogging and finishing and two-fire forming, and stelmor air cooling is combined to control net carbon and decarburization quality of wire rods. Under the environment of global economy, the automobile industry is increasingly competitive, how to reduce the production and manufacturing cost and obtain higher profit margin is the pursuit target of the whole supply chain enterprise. For example, chinese patent document (application No. 201910798924.3) discloses a method for producing a square billet of high-strength cord steel, in which a two-fire forming process is adopted, i.e., a large square billet is rolled into a small square billet, and after cooling, the small square billet is heated again and rolled into 5.5 wire rods, but the process has the disadvantages of long process route and high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention adopts the process of 'KR → BOF → LF → CC → surface treatment → heating → controlled rolling → controlled cooling' to replace the traditional process of 'KR → BOF → LF → CC → surface sampling → heating → cogging → scalping → heating → controlled rolling → controlled cooling'. Through the reasonable design of the steel-making process and the steel rolling process, under the conditions that the steel is formed without secondary fire, the skinning treatment is not needed, and the technical support of continuous casting machinery is not provided, the control method for the segregation and the net carbon of the 86-level high-strength cord steel wire rod is provided, the segregation and the net carbon of the 86-level high-strength cord steel wire rod are improved, and the drawing broken wires of customers caused by the problem are reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for controlling segregation and net carbon of a 86-level high-strength cord steel wire rod comprises a KR molten iron pre-desulfurization process, a BOF converter smelting process, an LF furnace refining process, a continuous casting CC process, a casting blank surface treatment process, a casting blank heating process, a controlled rolling process and a controlled cooling process which are sequentially carried out, wherein the 86-level high-strength cord steel wire rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.85 to 0.90 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of Si, 0.40 to 0.60 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of Al, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
KR molten iron pre-desulfurization process: the S element belongs to an easily segregated harmful element, and is used for pre-treating molten iron in order to reduce the enrichment of the S element in a casting blank solidification center and the segregation of the casting blank. Therefore, in the KR procedure, 3-6 kg/ton of desulfurizing agents such as lime and the like are added into the hot metal tank, strong mechanical stirring is applied to remove the S content in the hot metal, and then the S-removed slag is removed, so that the S content in the hot metal fed into the converter is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.003%.
BOF converter smelting process: p also belongs to easily segregated harmful elements, the content of P in the finished product is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.010 percent, the content of S in the finished product is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.008 percent, and the content of P and S in the finished product is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.016 percent, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: in order to ensure that the finished product P, S and other harmful elements are at a lower level, the BOF smelting uses the special clean scrap steel for the cord thread (the components mainly comprise Fe, C, Si and Mn and other inevitable trace elements, and the total amount accounts for 10-30% of the total metal loading). In addition, the BOF smelting of the converter adopts a double-slag process, namely when the silicomanganese oxidation period of the converter blowing is finished for about 5 +/-1 min, a gun is lifted, the P-removed slag is poured out, the P return in the later stage of the converter blowing is prevented, the gun is put down again and the slag is formed, and the P content of the discharged steel is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.010 percent. In the BOF converter smelting process, the converter tapping adopts a double-shift tapping process, namely, slag blocking of a slag blocking cone is matched with slag blocking of a sliding plate in the tapping process, and a slag tapping detection technology is arranged to control the slag tapping amount to be less than or equal to 50kg in the tapping process, so that harmful elements such as P, S, Ti in the refining process are prevented from diffusing from slag to molten steel. The content of P, S steel grades is reduced through a double-gear tapping process, and then the casting blank segregation is reduced.
And (3) refining in an LF furnace: silicon carbide is adopted for deoxidation in the refining process, and CaO-SiO is adopted as refining slag2The binary slag system controls the alkalinity of the final refining slag to be 0.7-1.0. The stirring of the argon gas is avoided in the later period of refining (the bottom blowing argon gas is controlled to just blow off the slag surface),preventing slag from being rolled. And adjusting the components and the temperature of the molten steel to ensure that the temperature of the ladle is 35-45 ℃ higher than the liquidus temperature of the molten steel. And (5) finishing refining, wherein the soft argon blowing time is more than or equal to 15 min.
And (3) continuous casting CC process: preparing small square billet by adopting 10-machine 10-flow arc continuous casting machine, and ensuring secondary cooling strength, wherein the section of the casting billet is less than or equal to 160 x 160mm
2. The arc radius of the casting machine is 10m, and the electromagnetic stirring at the tail end is 7.2m away from the meniscus. The length of the tail end electromagnetic stirring equipment is 700mm, and the inner diameter of the tail end electromagnetic stirring equipment
The key points of controlling the segregation of the casting blank in continuous casting are as follows: the average value of the carbon segregation in the center of the casting blank is less than or equal to 1.07 by the low superheat degree, strong crystallizer electromagnetic stirring and tail end electromagnetic stirring, proper pulling speed, secondary cooling and strong cooling and hot soft reduction technology. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in order to improve the isometric crystal proportion of a casting blank, low-superheat-degree casting is adopted for continuous casting, and the superheat degree of molten steel is controlled to be 10-25 ℃; the strong electromagnetic stirring intensity can promote the temperature of the molten steel to be uniform, break the growth of columnar crystals, promote nucleation, improve the proportion of equiaxial crystals and avoid bridging of the columnar crystals at the solidified tail end, so that the electromagnetic stirring current of the crystallizer is 250-350A, and the frequency is 2-4 Hz; the electromagnetic stirring current at the tail end is 300-400A, and the frequency is 5-10 Hz; in order to ensure that the pulling speed is properly matched with the electromagnetic stirring position at the tail end to achieve the optimal terminal stirring effect, the pulling speed is controlled to be 1.60-1.75 m/min, and the target is 1.70 m/min; in order to inhibit element separation crystallization in the casting blank solidification process, secondary cooling full water is adopted for strong cooling, and the secondary cooling specific water quantity is controlled to be 1.6-1.8L/kg. In addition, the casting blank is subjected to intensive water spray cooling at the electromagnetic stirring position at the tail end, so that the casting casing is contracted, the effect of 'hot soft reduction' is achieved, and the casting blank segregation is improved.
Further preferably, according to the temperature change of the casting blank in the secondary cooling process, the cooling water flow changes of different secondary cooling sections are set as follows: the length of the foot roller section (about 0.3m) is 9.0-11.0 m3A second cooling 1 stage (about 2.0m in length) of 11.0-13.0 m3A second cooling 2 stage (about 2.3m long) of 8.0-10.0 m32.5-4.5 m/h, secondary cooling 3 section (about 1.4m long)3H is used as the reference value. In addition, because the air cooling and temperature returning of the casting blank at the electromagnetic stirring position at the tail end, 1 section of full water cooling area (secondary cooling 4 section) is added in the subsequent air cooling section, the water flow is controlled to be 1.5-3.5 m3The temperature of the casting blank before the casting blank is fed into the straightening machine can be effectively reduced, and the probability of cracks of the hot-fed casting blank is reduced; and provides a 'hot soft reduction' effect to reduce the center segregation and center porosity of the casting blank; meanwhile, the structure of the iron scale is improved, and the yield of the metal material is improved.
Casting blank surface treatment process: and (3) cooling the obtained casting blank to below 100 ℃ in a windward dump manner, removing iron oxide scales on the surface of the casting blank by using a shot blasting machine, and then coating a layer of high-temperature decarburization-resistant coating on the surface of the casting blank. In order to ensure the anti-decarbonization effect and prevent the surface of the wire rod from being carburized, the coating is proportioned (the mass ratio of powder to liquid is 3:2), the thickness of the coating is controlled to be 0.2-1.0 mm, and the steel billet heating process is carried out after the coating is dried.
A casting blank heating procedure: the casting blank coated with the high-temperature decarburization-resistant coating is heated by adopting a high-temperature diffusion process and moves forward in a heating furnace at a constant speed, the preheating section time of the heating furnace is controlled to be 30-55 min, the heating first-section temperature is 950-. Through the casting blank heating process, the intercrystalline diffusion of elements such as C, P, S, Mn and the like is promoted, the micro segregation of the elements is reduced, and the welding of the central shrinkage cavity of the casting blank is facilitated.
In order to control the decarburization of the rolled material, the rolled material is heated in a heating furnace in a reducing atmosphere, and the air-fuel ratio is controlled to be 0.4-0.5. The tapping rhythm is carried out according to 117 minus 190 s/branch, and the total time for heating the steel billet is 190 minus 300 min.
And (3) controlling a rolling process: according to the high-temperature spinning process, the spinning temperature is controlled to be 960-.
A controlled cooling process: the wire rod is spread on a stelmor roller way after passing through a spinning machine, the air cooling speed is controlled to be 30-35 ℃/s when the air cooling speed is 0-8 s and is controlled to be 15-30 ℃/s when the air cooling speed is 9-17s by adjusting the air cooling intensity of a fan, and the phase change process is approximately constant temperature change. Further, the steel rolling fan is a centrifugal fan, and the air quantity is 200000m3And h, starting 8 fans during production. 1 st to 3 rd typhoon wind volume control along wire rod advancing directionThe air quantity of the 4 th to 6 th fans is 80 percent, so that the temperature of the wire rod rapidly passes through a secondary cementite precipitation temperature range, and then the wire rod is subjected to phase change at the 7 th fan and the 8 th fan. The air volume of the 7 th fan and the 8 th fan is adjusted to be 70%, the phase change process is controlled to be approximately constant temperature change (the phase change temperature rise is less than 30 ℃), and the full change of the wire rod structure is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
prepared by the method of the invention
The sorbite rate of the wire rod is more than or equal to 90 percent, the center segregation of the wire rod is slight, and the center of the wire rod is free of net cementite, so that the drawing use requirement of a user is met.
The segregation and net carbon of the wire rod are improved by continuously casting the small square billet and rolling the wire rod, so that the period and the cost are greatly reduced.
The method has the advantages of simple flow, no netlike cementite, high sorbite rate and shallow decarburized layer, can realize energy conservation and consumption reduction, is green and environment-friendly, improves the competitiveness of enterprises, and creates better profit margin.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the following examples:
examples 1 to 4:
the method for controlling segregation and net carbon of the 86-level high-strength cord steel wire rod comprises the following steps: KR molten iron pre-desulfurization process → BOF converter smelting process → LF furnace refining process → continuous casting CC process → casting blank surface treatment process → casting blank heating process → controlled rolling process → controlled cooling process.
Controlling the components of the smelted finished product: 0.85 to 0.90 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of Si, 0.40 to 0.60 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of Al, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Molten iron is pretreated by KR molten iron, the content of S is less than or equal to 0.003 percent, and special clean scrap steel for the cord thread is used (the components mainly comprise Fe, C, Si and Mn and other inevitable trace elements, and the total amount accounts for 10 to 30 percent of the total metal loading). In addition, the BOF smelting of the converter adopts a double-slag process, namely when the silicomanganese oxidation period of the converter blowing is finished for 4-5 min, a gun is lifted, the P-removing slag is poured out, the gun is put down again, the slag is formed, and the P content of the tapped steel is less than or equal to 0.008%. The converter tapping adopts a double-gear tapping process and is provided with a slag discharge detection technology, and the slag discharge is controlled to be less than or equal to 50 kg. Examples 1-4 the weight percentages of the main chemical components of the steel blanks are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 contents of main components/% of steel billets
Examples
|
C
|
Si
|
Mn
|
P
|
S
|
P+S
|
Cr
|
Al
|
1
|
0.88
|
0.21
|
0.50
|
0.006
|
0.004
|
0.010
|
0.02
|
0.0009
|
2
|
0.89
|
0.20
|
0.51
|
0.006
|
0.005
|
0.011
|
0.03
|
0.0010
|
3
|
0.88
|
0.21
|
0.49
|
0.005
|
0.004
|
0.009
|
0.04
|
0.0007
|
4
|
0.87
|
0.22
|
0.51
|
0.007
|
0.005
|
0.012
|
0.03
|
0.0008 |
And (3) refining in an LF furnace: silicon carbide is adopted for deoxidation in the refining process, and CaO-SiO is adopted as refining slag2Binary slag system, examples 1-4 refining final slag basicity 0.7-1.0. And (3) avoiding stirring by using large argon gas in the later refining stage (controlling bottom blowing argon gas to just blow away the slag surface), and preventing slag from being rolled. The composition and temperature of molten steel were adjusted so that the ladle temperature in examples 1-4 was 38 deg.C, 41 deg.C, and 36 deg.C higher than the liquidus temperature of molten steel, respectively. And (5) finishing refining, wherein the soft argon blowing time is more than or equal to 15 min. And (3) continuous casting CC process: 160 x 160mm is prepared by adopting 10 machine 10-flow arc continuous casting machine2And (5) small square billets. Continuous casting adopts low superheat degree casting, and the superheat degree of molten steel is controlled to be 10-25 ℃; electromagnetic stirring current of the crystallizer is 250-350A, and frequency is 2-4 Hz; the electromagnetic stirring current at the tail end is 300-400A, and the frequency is 5-10 Hz; the pulling speed is controlled according to the target 1.70 m/min; and (3) carrying out secondary cooling full-water forced cooling, wherein the secondary cooling specific water amount is controlled to be 1.6-1.8L/kg. In addition, the casting blank is intensively cooled by water spray at the electromagnetic stirring position at the tail end, and the water flow is controlled to be 3.0m3And h, enabling the casting shell to shrink, playing a role in 'hot soft reduction', and improving the segregation of the casting blank. Casting blank section 160mm2The main continuous casting process parameters are shown in a table 2: TABLE 2 Main continuous casting Process parameters
Examples
|
Pulling speed
|
Degree of superheat
|
Electromagnetic stirring of crystallizer
|
End electromagnetic stirring
|
Specific water of secondary cooling
|
1
|
1.70m/min
|
22℃
|
300A/3Hz
|
380A/8Hz
|
1.71L/kg
|
2
|
1.71m/min
|
20℃
|
300A/3Hz
|
380A/8Hz
|
1.69L/kg
|
3
|
1.69m/min
|
24℃
|
300A/3Hz
|
380A/8Hz
|
1.72L/kg
|
4
|
1.70m/min
|
18℃
|
300A/3Hz
|
380A/8Hz
|
1.71L/kg |
The average value of the cast blank carbon segregation (obtained by sampling by a five-point sample drilling method) is controlled to be less than or equal to 1.07 by the process.
The casting blank is cooled to below 100 ℃ by wind shielding and piling, a layer of high-temperature decarburization-proof coating is coated on the surface after removing the surface iron oxide sheet by a shot blasting machine (in the embodiment, the ZK-003 type billet high-temperature decarburization-proof coating produced by Beijing Zhongke industrial environmental engineering Co., Ltd.) is selected, and the casting blank is sent to a steel rolling mill for heating after the coating is dried. The casting blank coated with the high-temperature decarburization-proof coating is heated by a high-temperature diffusion process and moves forward in a heating furnace at a constant speed, the preheating section time of the heating furnace (shown in figure 3) is controlled to be 30-55 min, the first-section heating temperature is 950-. The heating furnace is heated by reducing atmosphere, the air-fuel ratio is controlled to be 0.4-0.5, the steel tapping rhythm is 190 s/branch according to 117-.
According to the high-temperature spinning process, the spinning temperature is controlled to be 960-.
The wire rod is spread on a stelmor roller way after passing through a spinning machine, the air cooling speed is controlled to be 30-35 ℃/s when the air cooling speed is 0-8 s and is controlled to be 15-30 ℃/s when the air cooling speed is 9-17s by adjusting the air cooling intensity of a fan, and the phase change process is approximately constant temperature change. The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: the steel rolling fan is a centrifugal fan, and the air quantity is 200000m3And h, starting 8 fans during production, controlling the air volume of the 1 st to 3 rd fans and the air volume of the 4 th to 6 th fans along the advancing direction of the wire rod to be 90 percent, controlling the wire rod to rapidly pass through a secondary cementite precipitation temperature range, controlling the air volume of the 7 th and 8 th fans to be 70 percent, controlling the temperature rise of phase change to be within 30 ℃, ensuring isothermal phase change and ensuring that the structure of the wire rod is fully changed.
The wire rod produced by the process is qualified in segregation, net carbon and decarburization, and the details are shown in a table 3:
TABLE 3
Examples
|
Metallographic structure
|
Sorbitizing rate/%)
|
Center segregation/order
|
Net carbon/grade
|
Depth of decarburized layer/. mu.m
|
1
|
Pearlite
|
90
|
0.5
|
0.0
|
28
|
2
|
Pearlite
|
91
|
0.5
|
0.0
|
15
|
3
|
Pearlite
|
92
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
10
|
4
|
Pearlite
|
91
|
0.5
|
0.0
|
30 |
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be equivalent or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in other embodiments according to the disclosure of the present invention, or make simple changes or modifications on the design structure and idea of the present invention, and fall into the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.