CN112354530B - Amphoteric adsorption material with salt resistance and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Amphoteric adsorption material with salt resistance and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112354530B
CN112354530B CN202011294129.XA CN202011294129A CN112354530B CN 112354530 B CN112354530 B CN 112354530B CN 202011294129 A CN202011294129 A CN 202011294129A CN 112354530 B CN112354530 B CN 112354530B
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amphoteric
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adsorption material
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CN112354530A (en
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李政
于秋灵
朱金忠
巩继贤
李秋瑾
张健飞
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract

The invention provides an amphoteric adsorption material with salt resistance and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of intelligent high polymer materials. The method comprises the following steps: adding maleic acid, acrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate into a polyvinyl alcohol solution, adding a cross-linking agent after first mixing, and adding an initiator after second mixing to obtain a hydrogel prepolymer solution; and (3) reacting the hydrogel pre-polymerization solution under a constant temperature condition to obtain the amphoteric adsorption material. The amphoteric adsorption material provided by the invention is mainly used for adsorbing ionic pollutants, and has excellent adsorption performance for adsorbing anions and cationic dyes. In addition, the adsorbent has excellent salt resistance, and can still maintain good adsorption effect under high salt concentration (10-20 g/L).

Description

Amphoteric adsorption material with salt resistance and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent high polymer materials, in particular to an amphoteric adsorption material with salt resistance and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The pH sensitive hydrogel is an intelligent high-molecular hydrogel with pH sensitive property, which contains a large amount of weakly acidic or weakly alkaline groups easy to hydrolyze or protonate, and can be released or captured according to the change of the pH value of the environment, so that the hydrogel absorbs water to swell or dehydrates and contracts.
From the viewpoint of molecular structure, the pH-sensitive hydrogel is composed of a main chain polymer with weak acidic (basic) groups. The main chain polymer is a macromolecular network structure formed by crosslinking or interpenetrating among linear polymers, is used for supporting the mechanical stability of the hydrogel, and weak acid (alkali) groups in the network are used for responding to the change of pH value.
The pH sensitivity of the hydrogel is triggered by four actions, namely ionic bonds, hydrophobic bonds, van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds and the like, but the ionic bonds play a main role. The pH sensitive hydrogel utilizes the difference of ionization degrees of weak acid (alkali) groups in a molecular structure under different pH values to generate electrostatic attraction with different strengths with positive (negative) ions in the wastewater, thereby realizing the adsorption and desorption of ionic dyes or heavy metal ions. Also, in recent years, extensive studies have been made in the fields of wastewater treatment and the like because of the excellent properties of such hydrogels themselves. However, the hydrogel is difficult to maintain good adsorption performance to anionic or cationic dyes, and the adsorption performance is seriously reduced under a high-salt environment, so that the application of the hydrogel in wastewater treatment is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an amphoteric adsorption material with salt resistance, which has excellent adsorption performance on anionic dye and cationic dye, and simultaneously has good salt resistance.
The invention provides a preparation method of an amphoteric adsorption material with salt resistance, which comprises the following steps:
adding maleic acid, acrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate into a polyvinyl alcohol solution, adding a cross-linking agent after first mixing, and adding an initiator after second mixing to obtain a hydrogel prepolymer solution;
and (3) reacting the hydrogel prepolymerization solution at constant temperature to obtain the amphoteric adsorbing material.
Further, maleic acid: acrylamide: the mass ratio of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate is (1-4) to (1-2) to (1-4).
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the maleic acid, the acrylamide and the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate to the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 5-20%.
Furthermore, the mass of the cross-linking agent is 1-8% of the sum of the mass of maleic acid, acrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate;
the mass of the initiator is 0.5-4% of the sum of the mass of the maleic acid, the acrylamide and the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate;
the cross-linking agent is N, N-methylene bisacrylamide; the initiator is K2S2O8。
The reaction temperature is 60-90 ℃;
the reaction time is 1-3 h.
Further, still include: and cooling the amphoteric adsorption material, purifying with deionized water, drying, and crushing to obtain gel particles.
The invention also provides the amphoteric adsorbing material with salt resistance prepared by any one of the preparation methods.
The invention also provides application of the amphoteric adsorption material with salt resistance in adsorption of ionic pollutants.
Further, ionic contaminants include cationic contaminants, anionic contaminants.
Further, when the pH value is 1-6, the amphoteric adsorption material adsorbs anionic pollutants; preferably, when the pH value is 1-3, the amphoteric adsorption material adsorbs anionic pollutants;
when the pH value is 8-12, the amphoteric adsorbing material adsorbs cationic pollutants; preferably, the amphoteric adsorbing material adsorbs cationic pollutants when the pH value is 10-12.
The invention has the following advantages:
maleic Acid (MA), Acrylamide (AM) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) are used as main monomers to prepare the hydrogel adsorption material, wherein the hydrogel synthesized by MA has higher adsorption performance on cationic dyes, and the hydrogel synthesized by DMAEMA has excellent adsorption performance on anionic hydrogel by adjusting pH, so that the finally obtained hydrogel has excellent adsorption performance on both the adsorbed anions and the cationic dyes. In addition, the amphoteric adsorbing material provided by the invention has excellent salt resistance, and can still keep a good adsorbing effect under a high salt concentration (10-20 g/L).
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a comparison of macro-topography before and after the hydrogel of the present invention adsorbs activated red 195;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the adsorption performance of PVA/MA/AM/DM hydrogels of test example 1 and comparative example 1 under different pH environments;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the adsorption performance of PVA/MA/AM/DM hydrogel in experimental example 2 under different salt concentration environments.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
An embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an amphoteric adsorbing material with salt resistance, which comprises the following steps:
adding Maleic Acid (MA), Acrylamide (AM) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, adding a cross-linking agent after first mixing, and adding an initiator after second mixing to obtain a hydrogel pre-polymerization solution;
and (3) reacting the hydrogel pre-polymerization solution under a constant temperature condition to obtain the amphoteric adsorption material.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an amphoteric adsorption material with salt resistance, which comprises the steps of mixing a PVA solution with monomers MA, AM and DMAEMA, forming a hydrogel pre-polymerization solution under the action of a cross-linking agent and an initiator, heating at constant temperature for reaction, and obtaining the porous double-network hydrogel, wherein the hydrogel has pH sensitivity and can adsorb cationic dyes and anionic dyes under different pH values. And the hydrogel has salt resistance and has important application value for treating complex wastewater.
In the embodiment of the invention, the amphoteric adsorption material has pH sensitivity, the MA contains two carboxyl groups, and the adsorption of the synthesized macromolecular material and the cationic dye liquor has certain advantages, but the MA is difficult to self-polymerize due to too large steric hindrance. AM is an alkenyl monomer with simple structure, and can effectively solve the defects of MA. Meanwhile, DMAEMA contains tertiary amino, is in a positive charge state after being protonated when the pH value of the solution is lower than the pKa point of the solution, and can be combined with ionized anionic dye for adsorption through electrostatic attraction.
The amphoteric absorbent material has salt resistance, and the anionic hydrogel (such as COOH) can be completely ionized to form COO-The extension and the reduction of swelling and contraction of polymer chains are limited under the effect of sodium ion charge shielding. And the tertiary amino monomer DMAEMA is introduced, so that the shielding effect of sodium ions is weakened to a great extent, and the amphoteric macromolecular material obtained by polymerization can effectively improve the salt resistance of the hydrogel. For example, when activated red 195 is adsorbed, tertiary amino groups are completely protonated into a positive charge state under a strong acid solution environment, sodium ions are repelled from an interface layer under electrostatic attraction, and a shielding effect does not exist, so that the swelling degree of the hydrogel is slightly influenced; for another example, when methylene blue is adsorbed, the solution environment is strongly alkaline, and the tertiary amino group in the structure has strong electron-withdrawing capability, so that the shielding effect of sodium ions is weakened to a great extent.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first mixing is performed by stirring for 1-10 min. And the second mixing is carried out in a stirring mode, and the stirring time is 1-10 min.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 0-10% by mass. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has the characteristic of easy film formation, and a low-concentration PVA high molecular chain is used as another structural molecule to be present in a hydrogel network so as to improve the fragility of the hydrogel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, MA: AM: the mass ratio of DM is (1-4) to (1-2) to (1-4).
In one embodiment of the invention, the mass of the cross-linking agent is 1-8% of the total monomer mass. The mass of the initiator is 0.5 to 4 percent of the total mass of the monomers; wherein the total monomer is the sum of maleic acid, acrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cross-linking agent is used for cross-linking macromolecular chains into a macromolecular network consisting of MA, MA and DM under the condition of heating.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the crosslinking agent is N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS).
In one embodiment of the invention, the initiator is K2S2O8。
In another embodiment of the present invention, the reaction temperature is 60-90 ℃. The reaction time is 1-3 h.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: and cooling the amphoteric adsorption material, purifying with deionized water, drying, and crushing to obtain gel particles. The dried gel particles are convenient to store and use, and can be used for adsorbing different dye waste liquids. Purification with deionized water was used to remove unreacted monomers or additives.
Furthermore, the cooling time is 8-12 h.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the amphoteric adsorbing material with salt resistance prepared by any one of the preparation methods. The solid content of the hydrogel of the amphoteric adsorbing material is about 15% -25%, and the swelling degree of the hydrogel is 3-10 g/g within the pH value range of 1-12.
The invention also provides application of any one of the amphoteric adsorbing materials with salt resistance in ionic pollutant adsorption.
In particular, ionic contaminants include cationic contaminants, anionic contaminants. Cationic contaminants such as reactive red 195. Cationic contaminants such as methylene blue.
Preferably, the ionic contaminants include ionic dyes, heavy metal ions. These two are the main sources of contaminants in dye wastewater.
Preferably, the amphoteric adsorbing material adsorbs the anionic pollutants when the pH value is 1-6. More preferably, the amphoteric adsorbent adsorbs the anionic pollutants when the pH value is 1-3. The pH value is 1-3, and the adsorption to anionic pollutants is good, so that tertiary amino groups on macromolecules of the amphoteric hydrogel are protonated into more positive charges, and the adsorption to anionic dyes is facilitated.
Preferably, the amphoteric adsorbing material adsorbs cationic pollutants when the pH value is 8-12. More preferably, the amphoteric adsorbing material adsorbs cationic pollutants when the pH value is 10-12. When the pH value of the solution is 10-12, carboxyl ionization on the macromolecules of the amphoteric hydrogel exists mostly in a carboxylate form, and adsorption of cationic pollutants is facilitated.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1A preparation method of an amphoteric adsorption material (PVA/MA/AM/DM) comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding 1g of MA, 1g of AM and 2g of DMAEMA into 20ml of PVA solution with the mass fraction of 5%, sequentially carrying out magnetic stirring for 3min to obtain a uniform solution, adding 0.16g of BIS into the uniform solution, continuing to carry out magnetic stirring for 5min to obtain the uniform solution, and adding 0.027g of initiator K2S2O8And stirring for 10s to obtain homogeneous hydrogel pre-polymerization liquid.
And secondly, injecting the hydrogel pre-polymerization liquid into a 4ml centrifugal tube die, sealing, putting the die into a constant-temperature water bath kettle for reaction, setting the temperature to be 70 ℃, and performing crosslinking molding on the porous double-network hydrogel after 2 hours.
Thirdly, the hydrogel in the step II is placed into deionized water for purification for 7 days after being cooled for 12 hours, and the purified hydrogel is dried at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain gel particles for later use.
Example 2Preparation method of amphoteric adsorption material
Firstly, 0.6g of MA, 0.6g of AM and 1.256g of DMAEMA are added into 15ml of PVA solution with the mass fraction of 5%, magnetic stirring is carried out for 2min in sequence to obtain uniform solution, 0.12g of BIS is added into the uniform solution, magnetic stirring is carried out to obtain uniform solution, and then 0.027g of initiator K is added2S2O8And stirring for 10s to obtain homogeneous hydrogel pre-polymerization liquid.
And secondly, injecting the homogeneous hydrogel pre-polymerization solution into a 12-hole cell culture plate for sealing, and reacting for 3 hours at 65 ℃ to obtain the porous double-network hydrogel.
③ same as example 1.
Example 3Preparation method of amphoteric adsorption material
Firstly, 0.6g of MA, 0.6g of AM and 1.256g of DMAEMA are added into 15ml of PVA solution with the mass fraction of 5%, magnetic stirring is carried out for 2min in sequence to obtain uniform solution, 0.12g of BIS is added into the uniform solution, magnetic stirring is carried out to obtain uniform solution, and then 0.027g of initiator K is added2S2O8And stirring for 10s to obtain homogeneous hydrogel pre-polymerization liquid.
Injecting the homogeneous hydrogel pre-polymerization liquid into a 12-hole cell culture plate, sealing, and reacting at 65 ℃ for 3h to obtain the porous double-network hydrogel.
③ same as example 1.
Comparative example 1Preparation method of anion adsorbing material (PVA/MA/AM)
The difference from example 1 is that DMAEMA is not added.
Test example 1Adsorption of hydrogel to Methylene Blue (MB) solution and active red 195(RR195)
The dried PVA/MA/AM/DM gel particles (particle size 0.25 mm-0.5 mm) obtained in example 1 were used for adsorbing the dye liquor.
50mL of methylene blue solution of 50mg/L is poured into a conical flask of 150mL, 1mol/L of sodium hydroxide solution is used for adjusting the pH value of the solution to be within the range of 7-12, the solution is stirred uniformly by magnetic force, 0.025g of gel particles are taken and placed into a dye solution, the conical flask is placed into a water bath oscillator, the conical flask is shaken at the constant temperature of 150r/min for 120min at the temperature of 25 ℃, and a supernatant is taken. Diluting according to the concentration of a methylene blue standard curve, measuring the diluent at 664nm by using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and calculating the adsorption capacity and the removal rate according to a formula. The results are shown in FIG. 2.
30mL of 50mg/L reactive red 195 solution is poured into a 100mL conical flask, 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution is used for adjusting the pH value of the solution within the range of 1-2, the solution is stirred uniformly by magnetic force, 0.009g of the xerogel particles are taken and placed into a dye solution, the conical flask is placed into a water bath oscillator, the conical flask is shaken at the constant temperature of 150r/min for 120min under the condition of 25 ℃, and supernatant is taken. The dilution was performed according to the concentration of activated red 195 standard curve, the dilution was measured at 542nm using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the adsorption amount and removal rate were calculated according to the formula, and the results are shown in fig. 2 and 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the amphoteric hydrogel has good adsorption effect on activated red 195 (from a to b before adsorption to b after adsorption), and the color of the solution changes from dark to light and even approaches to clear.
Comparative example 1Adsorption of hydrogel to Methylene Blue (MB) solution and activated red 195(RR195) under different pH conditions
The adsorbent and the methylene blue dye solution were prepared according to the method of test example 1, except that the pH of the methylene blue dye solution was 1 to 6, and the pH was adjusted by hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution.
The method for preparing the adsorbent and the reactive red 195 dyeing solution in the test example 1 is characterized in that the pH value of the reactive red 195 dyeing solution is in a range of 3-12, and the pH value is adjusted by hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution.
The adsorption performance of the adsorbents in the test example 1 and the comparative example 1 under different pH environments was compared, and the removal rate was calculated, and the result is shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 2, when the hydrogel adsorbing material is in different pH environments, the removal rates of the hydrogel adsorbing material to two dyes are very different, and taking pH 1 and pH 12 to adsorb methylene blue as examples, the difference between the adsorption amount and the removal rate is about 8 times, which indicates that the hydrogel and adsorbing material of the present invention is a pH-sensitive hydrogel, and the adsorption performance can be controlled by controlling the pH of the dye solution.
Test example 2Salt resistance adsorption test of hydrogels
The same conditions as those of the adsorbent used in test example 1 were used except that sodium chloride was used to adjust the salt concentration of the dye liquor up to 20g/L and the removal rate of the dye was calculated, and the results are shown in FIG. 3.
From FIG. 3, when the PVA/MA/AM/DM hydrogel adsorbing material is in different salt concentrations, the removal rate of the PVA/MA/AM/DM hydrogel adsorbing material has a difference between the removal rates of the two dyes, wherein the removal rate of the adsorbing material to the reactive red 195 is not obviously reduced, and even in the high salt solubility of 20g/L, the removal rate can still be in the level of 80%; in addition, the salt concentration is increased for removing methylene blue, and the removal rate can still be maintained at 50%. Therefore, the adsorbent can still well adsorb the dye even under high salt concentration, and has positive significance for treating complex wastewater under practical conditions.
Comparative example 2Amphoteric adsorption material and anion adsorption material adsorption performance test
The amphoteric adsorbent of example 1 and the anion adsorbent of comparative example 1 were used to perform the adsorption performance test under the same conditions as in test example 1. The adsorption amount was calculated, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of MB and RR195 adsorption amounts by two adsorption materials
Figure BDA0002784690770000071
As can be seen from Table 1, the difference between the adsorption amounts of the two adsorption materials to the two dyes is large, the adsorption amount of the anionic adsorbent PVA/MA/AM to methylene blue is about twice that of the amphoteric adsorption material, but the amphoteric adsorbent PVA/MA/AM does not basically adsorb active red 195, and the amphoteric material PVA/MA/AM/DM hydrogel has a remarkable effect on the adsorption performance of the active red 195 and also has a good adsorption amount to the methylene blue. Meanwhile, the amphoteric adsorbing material provided by the application has higher salt resistance, and the anionic adsorbing material has poor salt resistance, so that the application of the amphoteric adsorbing material in wastewater treatment is limited.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The preparation method of the amphoteric adsorption material with salt resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding maleic acid, acrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate into a polyvinyl alcohol solution, adding a cross-linking agent after first mixing, and adding an initiator after second mixing to obtain a hydrogel prepolymer solution;
reacting the hydrogel prepolymerization solution at constant temperature to obtain an amphoteric adsorption material;
maleic acid: acrylamide: the mass ratio of the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate is (1-4) to (1-2) to (1-4);
the reaction temperature is 60-90 ℃; the reaction time is 1-3 h.
2. The production method according to claim 1,
the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the maleic acid, the acrylamide and the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate to the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 5-20%.
3. The production method according to claim 1,
the mass of the cross-linking agent is 1% -8% of the sum of the mass of the maleic acid, the acrylamide and the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate;
the mass of the initiator is 0.5-4% of the sum of the mass of the maleic acid, the acrylamide and the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate;
the cross-linking agent is N, N-methylene bisacrylamide; the initiator is K2S2O8。
4. The production method according to claim 1,
further comprising: and cooling the amphoteric adsorption material, purifying with deionized water, drying, and crushing to obtain gel particles.
5. The amphoteric adsorbing material with salt resistance prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Use of the salt-resistant amphoteric absorbent material of claim 5 for the adsorption of ionic contaminants.
7. The use according to claim 6,
the ionic contaminants include cationic contaminants and anionic contaminants.
8. The use according to claim 7,
when the pH value is = 1-6, the amphoteric adsorption material adsorbs anionic pollutants;
when the pH value is = 8-12, the amphoteric adsorption material adsorbs cationic pollutants.
9. The use according to claim 8,
when the pH value is = 1-3, the amphoteric adsorption material adsorbs anionic pollutants;
when the pH value is = 10-12, the amphoteric adsorbing material adsorbs cationic pollutants.
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