CN112349358A - Method for predicting physical properties of W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material - Google Patents
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- 229910017315 Mo—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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Abstract
A method for predicting physical properties of a W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material belongs to the field of material science and engineering application. Firstly, according to the relationship among all components of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material and the characteristics of pores, the influence of the porosity of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material on the physical properties of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material is fully considered. Regarding the pores as a component, processing the W-Mo-Cu composite material into a binary compact composite material through multiple splitting and combining, and establishing a physical property prediction model of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material on the basis of the physical property model of the binary compact composite material; then, respectively calculating the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material under different components and porosities; and finally, comparing the model calculation result with an experimental test result to verify the accuracy of the model. The prediction model of the physical properties of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material established by the invention has higher prediction accuracy, can shorten the time for optimizing the components and the physical properties of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, and reduces the development cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting physical properties of a W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, belonging to the field of material science and engineering application.
Background
The W-Cu and Mo-Cu composite material is a typical pseudo alloy, has high electric and thermal conductivity, low expansibility and high hardness, and has been developed into a preferred material in the fields of electronic packaging, heat sinks, electric contacts, rocket engine nozzles, jet pipes of missile engines, throat liners, gas rudders and the like. However, the W-Cu composite material has high density and is limited in application in the fields of aerospace and microelectronics where light weight is sought; the Mo-Cu composite material has insufficient high temperature resistance and high temperature ablation resistance, and cannot meet the application requirements of extreme high temperature and severe environment. Therefore, a novel W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material is developed, which is beneficial to realizing the optimized integration of the properties of W-Cu and Mo-Cu, and the properties of the material can be flexibly adjusted by changing the component proportion of W, Mo and Cu according to requirements, so that the material has wide market value. It is worth noting that: in a W-Mo-Cu ternary system, the melting points of W, Mo and Cu are 3400 ℃, 2600 ℃ and 1083 ℃ respectively, and the melting point of W, Mo is extremely different from that of Cu; w and Mo have similar physical properties and can form an infinite solid solution, but W, Mo is immiscible with Cu. Therefore, the composite material can be prepared only by a powder metallurgy method regardless of W-Cu, Mo-Cu composite material or W-Mo-Cu composite material, and the sintering property of the composite material is poor. This makes it difficult to fully densify W-Cu, Mo-Cu and W-Mo-Cu composites, with more or less porosity in the material. Therefore, the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material actually consists of three components of W, Mo and Cu and pores, and each component in the material influences the physical properties of the material. In the research process, the prediction of physical properties can provide theoretical guidance for reasonable component design and optimization of the composite material, however, no method for predicting the physical properties of the W-Mo-Cu ternary novel composite material exists at present. The influence of alloy components and pores in the material on the physical properties of the composite material is researched by adopting a traditional trial and error method, and the defects of long experimental period, high research and development cost and the like exist. Therefore, the research on the physical property model of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material has very important practical significance in engineering application.
Professor zeia xiang, guangzhou, of the research institute for nonferrous metals, guangzhou, calculated the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Cu composite according to the German model. Based on professor Chua-Yixiang, the Lidanren respectively adopts a volume mixing model, a German model and a Gasik micromechanics model to calculate the thermal conductivity, the thermal expansion coefficient and the electric conductivity of the W-Cu composite material. The thermal conductivity of the Mo-Cu composite material is calculated by using Maxwell model and German model respectively by Nanchang aviation university Zhouyghua and the like. It is noteworthy that these models applied to W-Cu and Mo-Cu composites were all proposed based on binary dense composites. In practical situations, the existence of pores in W-Cu, Mo-Cu and W-Mo-Cu composite materials has great influence on physical properties such as electrical conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and the like of the materials. The physical property model suitable for the W-Cu and Mo-Cu binary compact composite material cannot be directly applied to the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, and the influence of porosity on the physical property of the material is not considered.
According to the relationship among all components of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material and the characteristics of pores, the influence of the porosity on the physical properties of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material is fully considered, the pores are taken as one component, and the W-Mo-Cu composite material is processed into a binary compact composite material through multiple splitting and combining. And (3) expanding the physical property model of the binary compact composite material to be applied to the ternary non-compact composite material, and establishing a prediction model of the physical properties (the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient) of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material. Meanwhile, in order to verify the accuracy of the model, the calculated data is compared with the experimental data. The physical property prediction model established by the invention can quantitatively analyze the influence rule of alloy components and porosity on the physical properties of the material, thereby rapidly predicting the physical properties of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, effectively improving the research and development efficiency, shortening the time for optimally designing the components of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material and reducing the research and development cost.
Disclosure of Invention
As a novel composite material, a physical property prediction method of a W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material does not exist at present, and theoretical guidance cannot be provided for reasonable component design and optimization of the composite material. The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the physical property of a W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, so as to predict the physical property of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, effectively improve the research and development efficiency, shorten the time for optimizing the component design of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material and reduce the research and development cost.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effects, the invention provides a method for predicting the physical properties of a W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, which comprises the following steps (symbols in each formula and meanings thereof are shown in Table 1):
TABLE 1 symbols and their meanings in the model for predicting physical properties of ternary non-dense W-Mo-Cu composites.
The method comprises the following steps: the invention establishes a physical property prediction model suitable for a ternary non-compact W-Mo-Cu composite material on the basis of a physical property model of a binary compact composite material. In the W-Mo-Cu ternary non-compact composite material, three components of W, Mo and Cu and pores exist. Therefore, according to the relationship among the components of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material and the characteristics of the pores, the influence of the pores in the composite material on the physical properties of the composite material is fully considered, the pores are regarded as one component, and the W-Mo-Cu composite material is processed into a binary compact composite material through multiple splitting and combining. First, consider a W-Mo-Cu ternary non-densified composite as a densified composite consisting of two components, i.e., a W-Mo component with voids (W-Mo-voids) as a matrix (m) Cu is regarded as a second component (s) On the basis, the physical properties of the binary dense material of "(W-Mo-pore) -Cu" are calculated based on a German model. Then, in order to obtain the physical properties of the W-Mo (W-Mo-pore) component with pores, the invention divides the W-Mo-pore component into two components by splitting and combining the component, namely, taking W-Mo as a matrixm′) The pores are considered as a second component (s′) And calculating the physical properties of a dense binary system of (W-Mo) -pores by adopting a Maxwell model. Finally, the physical properties of the W-Mo compact binary system are further calculated through a Gasik micromechanics model. The detailed split-combine and compute process is described below.
Step 1.1: building a W-Mo-Cu ternary composite materialElectrical and thermal conductivity models of materials (electrical or thermal conductivity of a material is denoted by M). The invention firstly considers the W-Mo-Cu ternary non-compact composite material as a compact composite material consisting of two components, and respectively considers the W-Mo component with pores as a matrix (m) Cu is regarded as a second component (s). Since the free electrons are carriers for conducting the material, the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity are calculated similarly, and therefore, both the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the material can be calculated by the following formulas:
step 1.2: and calculating the physical properties of the W-Mo component with the pore. Taking W-Mo as a matrix (m′) The pores are considered as a second component (s′) The physical properties of the material are calculated by adopting a Maxwell model, and the formula is as follows:
step 1.3: the physical properties of the W-Mo binary system were calculated. When the volume fraction of Mo is lower than that of W, W is regarded as a matrix: (m″) Mo is taken as a second component (s″) (ii) a When the volume fraction of Mo is higher than that of W, (Mo) is regarded as a matrixm″) W is regarded as a second component (s″) (ii) a Calculating the physical property of the W-Mo binary system through a Gasik micromechanics model, wherein the formula is as follows:
the comprehensive steps 1.1-1.3 can calculate the electric conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material.
Step 1.4: and establishing a thermal expansion coefficient model of the W-Mo-Cu composite material. The invention relates to W-Mo-Cu ternary non-densified composites are considered to be densified composites consisting of two components, i.e. the W-Mo component with porosity is considered to be the matrix (m) Cu is regarded as a second component (s) The thermal expansion coefficient calculation formula is as follows:
step 1.5: and calculating the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo component with the pores. The W-Mo is regarded as a matrix (m′) The pores are considered as a second component (s′) And calculating the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo component with the pore by adopting a Maxwell model:
step 1.6: calculating the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo binary system by adopting a Gasik micromechanics model:
step 1.7: according to the formula (5), in order to obtain the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu composite material, the elastic modulus of the W-Mo component with the pores needs to be calculated. The elastic modulus and the Poisson's ratio jointly represent the elastic constant of the material, and the compressibility characteristic parameter and the shear modulus jointly form the Lame constant of the material. Therefore, for the W-Mo component with pores, the elastic constant can be solved through the Lame constant, and then the elastic modulus is obtained, and the formula is as follows:
wherein ,
andμ m the first and second parameters are Lame constants respectively, and can be calculated by an intrinsic strain self-consistent model;
the Lame constant of the voided W-Mo component was calculated as follows:
wherein ,
and
is an elastic constitutive relation expression of the W-Mo component with pores based on Eshelby analysis theory,ξandηtwo equivalent factors of the Eshelby tensor associated with W-Mo, respectively, are expressed as follows:
the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu composite material can be calculated through integrating the steps 1.4-1.7.
Step two: and (4) respectively calculating the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu composite material under different alloy components and porosities by using the prediction model of the physical properties of the W-Mo-Cu composite material established in the step one.
Step three:preparing a series of W-Mo-Cu ternary composite materials with different alloy compositions and porosities by changing alloy compositions and sintering process parameters, and carrying out physical property tests (electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient) on the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite materials; finally, comparing the calculated values of the electrical conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu composite material with the measured values, and respectively calculating the relative errors of the calculated values of the electrical conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu composite material and the measured values:
thereby evaluating a prediction model of the physical properties of the W-Mo-Cu composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention solves the technical problems that: providing a method for predicting the physical properties of a W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material; unexpected technical effects resulting therefrom include.
(1) As a novel composite material, the W-Mo-Cu composite material has no physical property model suitable for the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material at present, and cannot provide theoretical guidance for reasonable component design and optimization of the composite material. The method establishes a physical property prediction model suitable for the ternary non-compact W-Mo-Cu composite material, quickly predicts the physical property of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, can effectively improve the research and development efficiency, shortens the time for optimally designing the components of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, and reduces the research and development cost.
(2) At present, common physical property prediction models are provided based on binary compact composite materials, the influence of the porosity of the composite materials on the physical properties of the composite materials is not considered, and the physical property models suitable for the binary composite materials cannot be directly applied to the ternary composite materials. The invention discloses a method for predicting the physical property of a W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, which is characterized in that the influence of pores in the composite material on the physical property is fully considered according to the relationship among all components of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material and the characteristics of the pores on the basis of a binary compact composite material physical property model, the model for predicting the physical property of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material is established, and the accuracy is higher.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the relative error between the calculated and the measured values of the electrical conductivity of the W-Mo-Cu composite material.
FIG. 2 shows the relative error between the calculated and the measured values of the thermal conductivity of the W-Mo-Cu composite material.
FIG. 3 shows the relative error between the calculated thermal expansion coefficient and the measured value of the W-Mo-Cu composite material.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present invention based on the above-mentioned disclosure.
It is worth mentioning that: the proportions of the materials used in the following examples are given in mass percent and are converted to volume percent in the calculation.
The specific implementation steps of the invention are as follows.
Examples 1 to 14.
1. The physical property prediction model of the W-Mo-Cu composite material established by the invention is utilized to respectively calculate the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu composite material under different components and porosities.
2. A series of W-Mo-Cu ternary composite materials with different alloy compositions (W-10 Mo-20Cu, W-20Mo-20Cu, W-30Mo-20Cu, W-40Mo-20Cu, W-50Mo-20Cu, W-60Mo-20Cu and W-70Mo-20 Cu) and different porosities are prepared by changing alloy compositions and sintering process parameters, and then the electrical conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient of the materials are tested.
3. And comparing the calculated value and the measured value of the physical property of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, thereby evaluating a prediction model of the physical property of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material. The calculated values of the model are compared with the measured values in Table 2. As can be seen from the table, the calculated value and the measured value of the model have higher goodness of fit. The relative errors of the calculated values of the electrical conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu composite material and the measured values are compared with each other, for example, in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. As can be seen from the figure, the relative error between the calculated value and the measured value of the model is small by using the model, and the average relative error is within the range of 5-7 percent, which shows that the method for predicting the physical property of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material has higher accuracy.
Table 2 comparison of calculated and measured values of electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion for each example of W-Mo-Cu composite materials.
Claims (4)
1. A method for predicting physical properties of a W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, according to the relationship among all components of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material and the characteristics of pores, fully considering the influence of the pores in the composite material on the physical properties of the composite material; the method treats the pores as a component, processes the W-Mo-Cu composite material into a binary compact composite material through multiple splitting and combining, and establishes a calculation model of the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material on the basis of a physical property model of the binary compact composite material;
step two, respectively calculating the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material under different alloy components and porosities by using the physical property prediction model of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material constructed in the step one;
and step three, preparing the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material under the conditions of different components and porosity, testing the physical property of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material, comparing a model calculation result with an experimental test result, and verifying the accuracy of the model.
2. The method for predicting the physical property of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material actually consists of three components of W, Mo and Cu and a pore;according to the relationship among the components of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material and the characteristics of the pores, the pores are regarded as one component, and the W-Mo-Cu composite material is processed into a binary compact composite material through multiple splitting and combining; first, the W-Mo-Cu composite material is divided into two components, namely, the W-Mo component with pores is regarded as a matrix (m) Cu is regarded as a second component (s) Therefore, the model development based on the physical properties of the binary compact composite material can be applied to the prediction of the physical properties of the ternary non-compact W-Mo-Cu composite material; the calculation formula of the electric conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material is as follows:
wherein ,Mthe electrical conductivity or thermal conductivity of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material;M m andM s the electrical and thermal conductivities of the base and the second component, respectively;V Cuis the volume fraction of Cu in the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material;
the calculation formula of the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material is as follows:
wherein ,αthe thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material is shown;α m andα s the thermal expansion coefficients of the base body and the second component are respectively;B m andB s is the bulk modulus of the base and second component.
3. The method for predicting the physical property of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein: for the calculation of the physical properties of the W-Mo component with pores, the invention separates and combines the W-Mo component with pores again, and takes the W-Mo as a matrix (m′) The pores are considered as a second component (s′) And calculating the electrical conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient by adopting a Maxwell model:
wherein ,M m the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity or the thermal expansion coefficient of the W-Mo component with the hole;M m′ is the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity or thermal expansion coefficient of the matrix;V s′ is the volume fraction of porosity in the W-Mo component with porosity.
4. The method for predicting the physical property of the W-Mo-Cu ternary composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
calculating the electric conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the W-Mo binary system through a Gasik micromechanics model: when the volume fraction of Mo is lower than that of W, W is regarded as a matrix: (m″) Mo is taken as a second component (s″) (ii) a When the volume fraction of Mo is higher than that of W, (Mo) is regarded as a matrixm″) W is regarded as a second component (s″）；
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein ,M m′ is the electrical or thermal conductivity of W-Mo;M m″ andM s″ the electrical and thermal conductivities of the base and the second component, respectively;V s″ is the volume fraction of the second component in W-Mo;
calculating the thermal expansion coefficient of W-Mo by adopting a Gasik micromechanics model:
wherein ,α m′ is the coefficient of thermal expansion of W-Mo;α m″ andα s″ the thermal expansion coefficients of the base body and the second component are respectively;B m″ andB s″ the bulk modulus of the matrix and the second component;V m″ andV s″ the volume fractions of the base body and the second component respectively;μ m″ shear modulus of the matrix;γ m″ is the poisson's ratio of the matrix.
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| US20150376064A1 (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2015-12-31 | Deborah D.L. Chung | Microstructured high-temperature hybrid material, its composite material and method of making |
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