CN112345992A - Calibration method and system for partial discharge composite parameter by pulse current method - Google Patents
Calibration method and system for partial discharge composite parameter by pulse current method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112345992A CN112345992A CN202011189591.3A CN202011189591A CN112345992A CN 112345992 A CN112345992 A CN 112345992A CN 202011189591 A CN202011189591 A CN 202011189591A CN 112345992 A CN112345992 A CN 112345992A
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for calibrating a partial discharge composite parameter by a pulse current method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a plurality of influencing variables influencing the partial discharge power, the plurality of influencing variables comprising: apparent charge amount, instantaneous value of applied voltage, time interval and pulse number; calibrating each influence parameter of the local discharge power respectively, acquiring the error of each influence parameter, and calculating the error value of the local discharge power; acquiring the uncertainty of each influence parameter, and calculating the uncertainty of the partial discharge power according to the uncertainty of each influence parameter; tracing each influence parameter of the local discharge power, and realizing tracing of the local discharge power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrical equipment tests, in particular to a method and a system for calibrating a partial discharge composite parameter by a pulse current method.
Background
The partial discharge can cause insulation breakdown of the high-voltage electrical equipment, and the phenomenon that the partial discharge is unrealistic and uneconomical is completely avoided, so that certain electrical parameters of the partial discharge need to be accurately measured to accurately judge the insulation degradation degree and the insulation degradation trend of the high-voltage electrical equipment, and the safe operation of the high-voltage electrical equipment is guaranteed.
The pulse current method is a conventional measurement method for partial discharge, and usually directly adopts apparent charge quantity as a main parameter of partial discharge. The partial discharge power is derived quantity of multiple parameters in the pulse current method partial discharge measurement technology, and comprises not only apparent charge quantity, but also a series of parameters such as external voltage instantaneous value, discharge duration, discharge frequency and the like, and accurate measurement of partial discharge and judgment of insulation degradation degree are finally realized through weighting calculation of the above quantities.
The partial discharge measuring instrument (called partial discharge instrument for short) is a main device for measuring partial discharge, and the accuracy and traceability of the value of the partial discharge instrument are basic core technology work for supporting the accurate judgment of the insulation level of high-voltage electrical equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the "composite parameter" of the "partial discharge power" of the partial discharge instrument.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme of the invention provides a calibration method and a calibration system for a partial discharge composite parameter by a pulse current method, which aim to solve the problem of how to calibrate the partial discharge power.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a calibration method for a partial discharge composite parameter by a pulse current method, the method comprising:
determining a plurality of influencing variables influencing the partial discharge power, the plurality of influencing variables comprising: apparent charge amount, instantaneous value of applied voltage, time interval and pulse number;
calibrating each influence parameter of the local discharge power respectively, obtaining an error value of each influence parameter, and calculating the error value of the local discharge power;
acquiring the uncertainty of each influence parameter, and calculating the uncertainty of the partial discharge power according to the uncertainty of each influence parameter;
tracing each influence parameter of the local discharge power, and realizing the tracing of the local discharge power.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the partial discharge power is as follows:
wherein P is partial discharge power, qiIs the apparent charge amount, uiT is the time interval and m is the number of pulses.
Preferably, the calibrating each of the plurality of influencing parameters to obtain an error value of each influencing parameter includes:
an apparent charge amount error is calculated,
wherein, γqFor apparent charge measurement error, qxApparent charge standard value, q, output for calibration of the systemNAn indication of the amount of apparent charge for the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the error in the number of pulses is calculated,
wherein, γmFor the pulse number measurement error, mxStandard value of the number of pulses, m, measured for a pulse counterNIndicating the pulse number of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the time interval error is calculated and,
wherein, γTFor measuring errors at intervals of time, TxFor standard value of time interval, T, measured by oscilloscopeNIndicating the time interval of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
and calibrating the instantaneous value of the applied voltage according to a preset standard to obtain the error of the instantaneous value of the applied voltage.
Based on another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a calibration system for partial discharge composite parameters by a pulse current method, the system comprising:
an initialization unit for determining a plurality of influencing variables influencing the partial discharge power, the plurality of influencing variables comprising: apparent charge amount, instantaneous value of applied voltage, time interval and pulse number;
the first calculation unit is used for calibrating each influence parameter in a plurality of influence parameters of the local discharge power respectively, acquiring an error value of each influence parameter and calculating the error value of the local discharge power;
the second calculation unit is used for acquiring the uncertainty of each influence parameter and calculating the uncertainty of the partial discharge power according to the uncertainty of each influence parameter;
and the source tracing unit is used for tracing the source of each influence parameter of the local discharge power and realizing the tracing of the local discharge power.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the partial discharge power is as follows:
wherein P is partial discharge power, qiIs the apparent charge amount, uiT is the time interval and m is the number of pulses.
Preferably, the first calculating unit is configured to calibrate each of the plurality of influencing parameters, and obtain an error value of each influencing parameter, and includes:
an apparent charge amount error is calculated,
wherein, γqFor apparent charge measurement error, qxApparent charge standard value, q, output for calibration of the systemNAn indication of the amount of apparent charge for the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the error in the number of pulses is calculated,
wherein, γmFor the pulse number measurement error, mxStandard value of the number of pulses, m, measured for a pulse counterNIndicating the pulse number of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the time interval error is calculated and,
wherein, γTFor measuring errors at intervals of time, TxFor standard value of time interval, T, measured by oscilloscopeNIndicating the time interval of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
and calibrating the instantaneous value of the applied voltage according to a preset standard to obtain the error of the instantaneous value of the applied voltage.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a calibration method and a system for a pulse current method partial discharge composite parameter, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a plurality of influencing variables influencing the partial discharge power, the plurality of influencing variables comprising: apparent charge amount, instantaneous value of applied voltage, time interval and pulse number; calibrating each influence parameter of the local discharge power respectively, obtaining an error value of each influence parameter, and calculating the error value of the local discharge power; acquiring the uncertainty of each influence parameter, and calculating the uncertainty of the partial discharge power according to the uncertainty of each influence parameter; tracing each influence parameter of the local discharge power, and realizing tracing of the local discharge power. According to the technical scheme, the calibration is carried out on the composite parameter of the pulse current method partial discharge power, a calibration loop and an error calculation formula are standardized, and the problem of magnitude accuracy is solved.
Drawings
A more complete understanding of exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be had by reference to the following drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparent charge calibration loop according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulse number calibration loop according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a time interval calibration loop according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a source tracing relationship according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for calibrating a partial discharge composite parameter by a pulse current method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 6 is a diagram of a calibration system for partial discharge composite parameters by a pulse current method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for complete and complete disclosure of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In the drawings, the same units/elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Unless otherwise defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further, it will be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a calibration method of a pulse current method partial discharge composite parameter according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The invention belongs to the field of electrical equipment tests, and relates to a partial discharge power calibration technology in a pulse current method partial discharge measurement technology. The composite parameter in the present invention refers to "partial discharge power", which relates to the apparent charge amount, voltage, time interval, pulse number. The invention solves the problem of magnitude accuracy by carrying out calibration on the composite parameter of the pulse current method partial discharge power, standardizing a calibration loop and an error calculation formula. The invention indicates the main source of the uncertainty component through the analysis of the partial discharge power formula, and establishes a quantity value tracing relation through the analysis of the partial discharge power formula.
As shown in fig. 5, the present invention provides a calibration method of a partial discharge composite parameter by a pulse current method, the method includes:
step 501: determining a plurality of influencing variables influencing the partial discharge power, the plurality of influencing variables comprising: apparent charge amount, instantaneous value of applied voltage, time interval and pulse number; preferably, the calculation formula of the partial discharge power is:
wherein P is partial discharge power, qiIs the apparent charge amount, uiT is the time interval and m is the number of pulses.
The invention establishes a mathematical model of partial discharge power, the invention mainly carries out development and calibration of the partial discharge power, and the expression of the partial discharge power is as follows:
in the above formula:
p-partial discharge power, in watts (W);
qiapparent charge, in picocoulombs (pC);
ui-an applied voltage instantaneous value in volts (V);
t is time interval, units of seconds(s);
m is the number of pulses and is dimensionless;
the partial discharge power is a composite parameter and cannot be directly measured, and the partial discharge power needs to be obtained by calculation of an equation (1-1) after measurement of related parameters. Therefore, when calibration is performed, calibration needs to be performed on each parameter distribution, and then a calibration result and uncertainty are obtained through function calculation.
Step 502: calibrating each influence parameter of the local discharge power respectively, obtaining an error value of each influence parameter, and calculating the error value of the local discharge power; preferably, calibrating each of the plurality of influencing parameters to obtain an error value of each influencing parameter includes:
an apparent charge amount error is calculated,
wherein, γqFor apparent charge measurement error, qxApparent charge standard value, q, output for calibration of the systemNAn indication of the amount of apparent charge for the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the error in the number of pulses is calculated,
wherein, γmFor the pulse number measurement error, mxStandard value of the number of pulses, m, measured for a pulse counterNIndicating the pulse number of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the time interval error is calculated and,
wherein, γTFor measuring errors at intervals of time, TxFor standard value of time interval, T, measured by oscilloscopeNIndicating the time interval of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
and calibrating the instantaneous value of the applied voltage according to a preset standard to obtain the error of the instantaneous value of the applied voltage.
The apparent charge calibration of the present invention is carried out using the calibration loop shown in fig. 1. The calibration system outputs a certain amount of standard value of the charge quantity by detecting the impedance ZmAnd the input terminal of the pulse current method partial discharge tester is connected, and the grounding terminal is uniformly grounded. The ground interference and other electromagnetic interference and environmental interference should be as small as possible.
The apparent charge amount error is calculated according to equation (1-2),
in the formula:
γq-apparent charge measurement error;
qx-calibrating the apparent charge standard value output by the system;
qN-an indication of the apparent charge of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the present invention adopts the calibration of the number of pulses m according to the calibration loop open formula (1-1) shown in fig. 2 for the pulse number calibration. The calibration system outputs a certain number of pulses, the pulses are connected in parallel to the pulse counter and the input terminal of the pulse current method partial discharge tester, and the grounding terminal is uniformly grounded. The ground interference and other electromagnetic interference and environmental interference should be as small as possible.
The pulse number error is calculated according to equation (1-3),
in the formula:
γm-pulse number measurement error;
mx-a pulse number standard value measured by a pulse counter;
mN-an indication of the number of pulses of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the present invention adopts the calibration of the number of pulses m according to the calibration loop expansion equation (1-1) shown in fig. 2. The calibration system outputs a certain number of pulses, the pulses are connected in parallel to input terminals of the oscilloscope and the pulse current method partial discharge tester, and the grounding terminals are uniformly grounded. The ground interference and other electromagnetic interference and environmental interference should be as small as possible.
The invention calculates the time interval error according to the formula (1-4),
in the formula:
γT-time interval measurement error;
Tx-a time interval standard value measured by an oscilloscope;
TN-an indication of the time interval of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the instantaneous value of the applied voltage in the measurement model of the formula (1-1) in the invention is the set value of the tester and not the measured value. The instantaneous value of the applied voltage is not provided by a calibration system, it is read by a digital recorder or the like in field measurement, and it can be set according to relevant technical standards or product manuals in the calibration process.
Step 503: and acquiring the uncertainty of each influence parameter, and calculating the uncertainty of the partial discharge power according to the uncertainty of each influence parameter.
The measurement and uncertainty are essential to the calibration results in the present invention. The partial discharge power expansion uncertainty related to the invention needs to firstly obtain the standard uncertainty of each influence quantity, then calculate and synthesize the standard uncertainty, and finally obtain the expansion uncertainty according to the inclusion factor (k).
According to the pair of the formula (1-1), the standard uncertainty involved includes:
the uncertainty component u (y) introduced by the apparent chargeq)；
Uncertainty component u (gamma) introduced by the number of pulsesm)；
Time interval-induced uncertainty component u (gamma)T)；
Calibration system induced uncertainty component u (gamma)S)；
Repeatedly introduced uncertainty component u (gamma)R)。
Step 504: tracing each influence parameter of the local discharge power, and realizing tracing of the local discharge power.
The invention proposes a magnitude traceability relation as shown in fig. 4 according to the equation (1-1).
The lowest layer of the tracing relation graph is a work measuring instrument and a pulse current method partial discharge tester aimed by the invention; the middle is a local-level metering technical mechanism, such as a national high-voltage metering station or a national electric power science research institute and a subordinate detection mechanism thereof; the top layer is the superior measurement technical organization, such as the Chinese measurement institute or international comparison.
The partial discharge power includes a series of parameters such as applied voltage instantaneous value, discharge duration, discharge frequency, apparent charge quantity, etc. The applied voltage instantaneous value is used as a set value in the calibration process and does not relate to tracing; tracing the apparent charge quantity of the pulse current method partial discharge tester to a calibration system of a current-level metering technical mechanism; the national standard parameter related to the discharge duration is a time interval which is traced to an oscilloscope of the current-level metering technical mechanism; the national standard parameter related to the discharge frequency is the pulse number, which is traced to the pulse counter of the current-level metering technical mechanism. The parameters are respectively traced to the national base standards stored by the Chinese measurement institute, so that the magnitude tracing of the partial discharge power is realized.
The embodiment of the invention is different from the traditional partial discharge electrical measurement method which adopts apparent charge q0As a core parameter for the calibration and measurement of the measurement loop. This is mainly due to: (1) the damage of partial discharge to insulation is directly related to actual discharge chargeInstead, what is measured is the apparent discharge charge and not the actual discharge charge. (2) The discharge amount varies instantaneously and often fluctuates irregularly in many cases, and the discharge amount measured at the moment of measurement does not necessarily represent the discharge amount for a long time before and after the measurement. (3) The discharge amount is only the discharge charge reflecting the maximum one defect, and the discharge frequency and the discharge energy cannot be reflected. It is considered that the insulation is broken quickly when the number of discharges is large or the discharge energy is large, although the discharge amount is small. (4) The discharge power P as "comprehensive statistic of discharge amount" includes not only the aforementioned apparent discharge amount q0The partial discharge power P contains abundant discharge information, and is more closely related to insulation deterioration.
The partial discharge power P is used as a main parameter to quantify the local discharge phenomenon, and the magnitude thereof can be characterized by specific quantity and measurement unit (watt W).
The invention points out that the calibration should be carried out on the composite parameter of the pulse current method partial discharge power; for a plurality of parameters related to the partial discharge power, a series of calibration loops and error calculation formulas are indicated as shown in the summary of the invention.
The invention indicates the magnitude traceability relation of the composite parameter of the partial discharge power through the analysis of the partial discharge power calculation formula. The quantity value tracing relation comprises 3 levels of mechanism settings of a working metering appliance, a current-level metering technical mechanism and a superior-level metering technical mechanism; the quantity value tracing relation explains that the whole tracing is different from the local discharge power tracing, and the quantity value tracing is carried out according to the apparent charge quantity q, the pulse number m and the time interval T.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a calibration system for partial discharge composite parameters by a pulse current method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the present invention provides a calibration system for partial discharge composite parameters by a pulse current method, the system includes:
an initialization unit 601 for determining a plurality of influencing variables influencing the partial discharge power, the plurality of influencing variables comprising: apparent charge amount, instantaneous value of applied voltage, time interval and pulse number; preferably, the calculation formula of the partial discharge power is as follows:
wherein P is partial discharge power, qiIs the apparent charge amount, uiT is the time interval and m is the number of pulses.
A first calculating unit 602, configured to calibrate each influencing parameter of the partial discharge power, obtain an error value of each influencing parameter, and calculate an error value of the partial discharge power;
preferably, the first calculating unit is configured to calibrate each of the plurality of influencing parameters, and obtain an error value of each influencing parameter, and includes:
an apparent charge amount error is calculated,
wherein, γqFor apparent charge measurement error, qxApparent charge standard value, q, output for calibration of the systemNAn indication of the amount of apparent charge for the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the error in the number of pulses is calculated,
wherein, γmFor the pulse number measurement error, mxStandard value of the number of pulses, m, measured for a pulse counterNIndicating the pulse number of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the time interval error is calculated and,
wherein，γTFor measuring errors at intervals of time, TxFor standard value of time interval, T, measured by oscilloscopeNIndicating the time interval of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
and calibrating the instantaneous value of the applied voltage according to a preset standard to obtain the error of the instantaneous value of the applied voltage.
A second calculating unit 603, configured to obtain an uncertainty of each influence parameter, and calculate an uncertainty of the partial discharge power according to the uncertainty of each influence parameter;
the tracing unit 604 is configured to trace the source of each influencing parameter of the local discharge power, so as to trace the source of the local discharge power.
The calibration system 600 for the pulse current method partial discharge composite parameter according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention corresponds to the calibration method 500 for the pulse current method partial discharge composite parameter according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and will not be described herein again.
The invention has been described with reference to a few embodiments. However, other embodiments of the invention than the one disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the invention, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from the appended patent claims.
Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to "a/an/the [ device, component, etc ]" are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of said device, component, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated.
Claims (6)
1. A calibration method for a pulse current method partial discharge composite parameter comprises the following steps:
determining a plurality of influencing variables influencing the partial discharge power, the plurality of influencing variables comprising: apparent charge amount, instantaneous value of applied voltage, time interval and pulse number;
calibrating each influence parameter of the local discharge power respectively, obtaining an error value of each influence parameter, and calculating the error value of the local discharge power;
acquiring the uncertainty of each influence parameter, and calculating the uncertainty of the partial discharge power according to the uncertainty of each influence parameter;
tracing each influence parameter of the local discharge power, and realizing tracing of the local discharge power.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the partial discharge power is calculated by the formula:
wherein P is partial discharge power, qiIs the apparent charge amount, uiT is the time interval and m is the number of pulses.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein calibrating each of the plurality of influencing parameters to obtain an error value for each influencing parameter comprises:
an apparent charge amount error is calculated,
wherein, γqFor apparent charge measurement error, qxApparent charge standard value, q, output for calibration of the systemNAn indication of the amount of apparent charge for the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the error in the number of pulses is calculated,
wherein, γmMeasuring errors for pulse numbersDifference, mxStandard value of the number of pulses, m, measured for a pulse counterNIndicating the pulse number of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the time interval error is calculated and,
wherein, γTFor measuring errors at intervals of time, TxFor standard value of time interval, T, measured by oscilloscopeNIndicating the time interval of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
and calibrating the instantaneous value of the applied voltage according to a preset standard to obtain the error of the instantaneous value of the applied voltage.
4. A system for calibrating a composite parameter of partial discharge by a pulse current method, the system comprising:
an initialization unit for determining a plurality of influencing variables influencing the partial discharge power, the plurality of influencing variables comprising: apparent charge amount, instantaneous value of applied voltage, time interval and pulse number;
the first calculation unit is used for calibrating each influence parameter of the local discharge power respectively, acquiring an error value of each influence parameter and calculating the error value of the local discharge power;
the second calculation unit is used for acquiring the uncertainty of each influence parameter and calculating the uncertainty of the partial discharge power according to the uncertainty of each influence parameter;
and the source tracing unit is used for tracing the source of each influence parameter of the local discharge power and realizing the tracing of the local discharge power.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the partial discharge power is calculated by the formula:
wherein P is partial discharge power, qiIs the apparent charge amount, uiT is the time interval and m is the number of pulses.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein the first computing unit is configured to calibrate each of the plurality of influencing parameters and obtain an error value for each influencing parameter, and comprises:
an apparent charge amount error is calculated,
wherein, γqFor apparent charge measurement error, qxApparent charge standard value, q, output for calibration of the systemNAn indication of the amount of apparent charge for the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the error in the number of pulses is calculated,
wherein, γmFor the pulse number measurement error, mxStandard value of the number of pulses, m, measured for a pulse counterNIndicating the pulse number of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
the time interval error is calculated and,
wherein, γTFor measuring errors at intervals of time, TxFor standard value of time interval, T, measured by oscilloscopeNIndicating the time interval of the calibrated partial discharge tester;
and calibrating the instantaneous value of the applied voltage according to a preset standard to obtain the error of the instantaneous value of the applied voltage.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117388623A (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-01-12 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Comprehensive diagnosis analyzer and method for power transformer without disassembling lead |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113092972A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-07-09 | 杭州兆华电子有限公司 | Partial discharge type identification method and device based on non-contact ultrasonic sensor |
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| CN117388623A (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-01-12 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Comprehensive diagnosis analyzer and method for power transformer without disassembling lead |
| CN117388623B (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-05-14 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Comprehensive diagnosis analyzer and method for power transformer without disassembling lead |
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