CN112345853A - Method for evaluating improvement degree of voltage sag characteristic of transformer substation bus by fault current limiter - Google Patents
Method for evaluating improvement degree of voltage sag characteristic of transformer substation bus by fault current limiter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating the improvement degree of a fault current limiter on the voltage sag characteristic of a substation bus, which takes the voltage of a high-voltage side bus of a power transmission network as an evaluation object, evaluates the influence of the voltage sag on sensitive loads, realizes the evaluation of the influence of the fault current limiter on the improvement degree of the voltage sag condition under different line faults and by setting different sensitive load voltage thresholds, and has certain guiding significance for the establishment of an installation operation scheme of the fault current limiter. In addition, the method expands the sag sources of sensitive loads to the power transmission network by taking the voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the power transmission network as an evaluation object, and combines a voltage sag evaluation method based on a line section-by-section analysis method with reliability evaluation indexes of a power transmission network system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an evaluation method, in particular to an evaluation method of the improvement degree of a fault current limiter on the voltage sag characteristic of a substation bus.
Background
In an electric power system, Voltage Sag (Voltage Dip) occurs at a frequency much higher than other power quality problems. According to statistics, the complaints of users caused by voltage sag account for 80% of the whole power quality problem. This is related to the characteristics of the voltage sag itself: (1) remote faults may also cause voltage sags at sensitive load points; (2) a parallel feeder fault on the same bus will cause adjacent feeder voltage sags. Voltage sags can have a major impact on sensitive loads. Although the transmission network is not directly loaded, the influence range of the transmission network is wide after a fault occurs, so that the voltage of a station bus near a short-circuit position generates deep voltage sag, and the voltage sag is finally transmitted to a low-voltage side power distribution network of a transformer substation through a main transformer of the transformer substation, so that sensitive loads are finally influenced. Thus, the sources of sag of sensitive loads can be divided into transmission and distribution networks.
The voltage sag caused by the short-circuit fault is the most serious, and particularly when a power transmission system is short-circuited, the voltage sag in a large range is generated, and the dip amplitude is large. The fault current limiter is installed in a power grid, and can limit the level of system short-circuit current, so that voltage sag caused by short-circuit fault is also restrained to a certain degree. As a device that operates in response to a short-circuit fault, it is important to evaluate the degree of improvement in the voltage sag characteristic of the substation bus.
In order to evaluate the improvement degree of the fault current limiter application on the system voltage sag, the traditional method mostly adopts time domain simulation or random simulation experiment verification, a simulation model of the whole system network needs to be built, and the faults of different fault types and different positions need to be simulated and analyzed one by one, so that the method has no good operability for a complex large-scale network.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the improvement degree of the voltage sag characteristic of the substation bus by using the fault current limiter. The method comprises the steps that the bus voltage of a transformer substation is used as an evaluation object, the amplitude and the frequency of the voltage sag of the bus of the transformer substation caused by the short-circuit fault of a power transmission line are evaluated, and the influence of the voltage sag of the bus of the transformer substation on sensitive loads after being conducted to a user side is evaluated; the improvement degree of the fault current limiter on the bus voltage sag characteristic of the transformer substation is quantitatively analyzed by comparing the change conditions of the technical indexes of the bus voltage sag characteristic of the transformer substation before and after the fault current limiter is put into use and when the fault current limiter is installed at different positions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for evaluating the improvement degree of a voltage sag characteristic of a substation bus by a fault current limiter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting the concerned transformer substation, establishing a simplified equivalent model of the peripheral network of the concerned transformer substation, and collecting the original recorded data of the short-circuit fault;
s2, selecting a power transmission line to be analyzed, and estimating the fault probability of the power transmission line with three-phase short circuit/single-phase grounding short circuit according to the historical short circuit fault statistical data of the line;
s3, scanning and calculating the voltage sag amplitude of the substation bus after three-phase/single-phase short-circuit faults occur at different positions of the power transmission line: in order to reduce the calculated amount, five positions are selected from the power transmission line according to an equidistant principle to respectively calculate the three-phase/single-phase short-circuit current, so that a corresponding voltage sag interval is approximately estimated, namely the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected voltage sag value of the concerned bus voltage after the three-phase/single-phase short-circuit fault occurs to the power transmission line;
s4, judging whether the short-circuit current calculation has been completed through all the power transmission lines, if yes, entering S5, otherwise, returning to S2;
s5, calculating and obtaining the bus voltage sag characteristics of the concerned transformer substation, namely: calculating the voltage sag probability of a substation bus caused by short-circuit faults of the transmission line under different voltage sag thresholds;
s6, judging whether all feasible installation positions of the fault current limiter are traversed or not, and if so, entering S7; otherwise, a certain feasible installation position to be analyzed of the network is selected to add a fault current limiter, and the bus voltage sag characteristic of the concerned transformer substation after the fault current limiter is accessed is calculated, namely the step returns to S2;
and S7, comparing and evaluating the voltage sag characteristics of the concerned substation bus before and after the fault current limiter is added.
In the above method for evaluating the degree of improvement of the voltage sag characteristic of the substation by the fault current limiter, considering the cheapness of data acquisition, the short-circuit fault probability of the power transmission line in S2 may also be estimated according to the average fault probability of the unit length of the power transmission lines of the same type in the same voltage class in the power grid, that is: the three-phase/single-phase short-circuit fault probability of the power transmission line is equal to the average three-phase/single-phase short-circuit fault probability of the unit length of the power transmission line of the voltage grade multiplied by the length of the power transmission line;
in the above method for evaluating the improvement degree of the fault current limiter on the voltage sag characteristic of the substation bus, the step S5 includes:
s51, calculating the probability of the voltage sag of the substation bus caused by the three-phase short circuit fault of the jth transmission line according to the following formula:
in the formula of UthreIs a voltage sag threshold; p3djThe probability of the voltage sag of a bus of the transformer substation caused by the three-phase short circuit fault of the jth power transmission line is shown; p3jThe probability of three-phase short circuit fault of the jth power transmission line is obtained; u shapemaxj、UminjAfter a three-phase short circuit fault occurs to the jth power transmission line, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected value of the voltage sag of the substation bus;
s52, calculating the probability of the voltage sag of the substation bus caused by the single-phase earth fault of the jth transmission line according to the following formula:
in the formula of UthreIs a voltage sag threshold;Pddjthe probability of the voltage sag of the bus of the transformer substation caused by the single-phase ground fault of the jth power transmission line is shown; pdjThe probability of single-phase earth fault occurrence for the jth power transmission line; u shapemaxj、UminjAfter the j power transmission line has a single-phase short circuit fault, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected value of the voltage sag of the substation bus; u'threIs the voltage sag threshold value which is corrected according to the transmission characteristic of the D/yn11 transformer to the single-phase voltage sag.
In the above method for evaluating the improvement degree of the fault current limiter on the voltage sag characteristic of the substation bus, the correction of the voltage sag threshold value can be obtained by performing linear interpolation after table 1 is looked up.
TABLE 1 correction table of allowable value of bus voltage sag amplitude in single-phase earth fault
| Uthre | 1 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.8 | 0.73 | 0.67 |
| U'thre | 1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Uthre | 0.6 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.4 | ≤0.33 | |
| U'thre | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 |
S53, calculating the concerned substation bus voltage sag probability caused by the short-circuit fault of the transmission line according to the following formula:
in the formula of UthreThe value is a voltage sag threshold value, and P is the probability of paying attention to the voltage sag of the substation bus caused by the short-circuit fault of the power transmission line.
In the above method for evaluating the improvement degree of the fault current limiter on the voltage sag characteristic of the substation bus, the step S7 includes:
s71, directly comparing and analyzing the concerned transformer substation bus voltage sag amplitude and frequency index after adding the fault current limiter with the values before adding;
s72, setting different voltage thresholds for different lines and sensitive loads of the fault current limiter, and carrying out comparative analysis on the influence degree of the concerned substation bus voltage sag, so as to obtain the optimal installation position and the optimal investment strategy of the fault current limiter;
the invention creatively provides a method for evaluating the improvement degree of a fault current limiter on the voltage sag characteristic of a transformer substation bus, which has the following advantages: 1) the bus voltage of the transformer substation is used as an evaluation object, so that the complexity and the calculated amount of the evaluation process are greatly reduced; 2) when the influence of the voltage sag of the bus of the transformer substation on the sensitive load is evaluated, the transmission difference of the transformer on the voltage sags with different properties is considered, so that the evaluation result is more accurate; 3) the method and the device realize the quantitative evaluation of the voltage sag characteristic of the transformer substation bus when the fault current limiter is arranged at different installation positions and sensitive loads are set with different voltage thresholds, and provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the installation position and the formulation of an operation scheme of the fault current limiter.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other examples, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the examples given herein, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for evaluating the improvement degree of a fault current limiter on the voltage sag characteristic of a substation bus. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting the concerned transformer substation, establishing a simplified equivalent model of the peripheral network of the concerned transformer substation, and collecting the original recorded data of the short-circuit fault;
s2, selecting a power transmission line to be analyzed, estimating the short-circuit fault probability of the power transmission line, and considering the convenience of data acquisition, the probability refers to the average fault probability; taking a 500kV power grid line in China as an example, the forced outage rate caused by self faults is 0.171 times/(100 km.year), so that the probability of single-phase earth faults of the 500kV power grid line in China is estimated to be 0.142 times/(100 km.year), and the probability of other types of short circuit faults is estimated to be 0.029 times/(100 km.year). Therefore, the probability of single-phase grounding short circuit fault of a 500kV power transmission line with the length of 1km is 0.00142l times/year, and the probability of three-phase short circuit fault is 0.00029l times/year. Note: in the above calculation, in order to simplify the subsequent analysis process, the fault probabilities of other types of short-circuit faults are counted as the probability of the three-phase short-circuit fault, that is, other short-circuit faults are analyzed according to the three-phase short-circuit fault with the most serious consequence except the single-phase ground short-circuit fault.
And S3, scanning and calculating the voltage sag amplitude of the concerned bus of the transformer substation after three-phase/single-phase short-circuit faults occur at different positions of the transmission line, and taking five points at equal intervals for short-circuit current calculation of each transmission line for simplifying calculation, thereby approximately estimating a corresponding voltage sag interval, namely the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage sag expected value of the concerned bus after the three-phase/single-phase short-circuit faults occur in the transmission line.
S4, judging whether the short-circuit current calculation traverses all the power transmission lines, if so, entering S5, otherwise, returning to S2;
s5, counting to obtain the bus voltage sag characteristic of the concerned transformer substation, namely: calculating the voltage sag probability of a substation bus caused by short-circuit faults of the transmission line under different voltage sag thresholds; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and S51, calculating the probability of voltage sag of the substation bus caused by the three-phase short circuit fault of the jth power transmission line. The linear distribution is adopted to approximate the variation trend of the voltage amplitude of the bus with the position after the short circuit of the transmission line, namely the linear distribution is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula of UthreA voltage sag threshold, which may be set according to the actual endurance capacity of the sensitive load; p3djThe probability of the voltage sag of a bus of the transformer substation caused by the three-phase short circuit fault of the jth power transmission line is shown; p3jThe probability of three-phase short circuit fault of the jth power transmission line is obtained; u shapemaxj、UminjAfter a three-phase short circuit fault occurs to the jth power transmission line, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected value of the voltage sag of the substation bus;
table 2 shows the calculation results of the fault probability in the case of the three-phase short-circuit fault of the line of the embodiment section and the maximum and minimum values of the expected voltage sag amplitude.
TABLE 2 sag expectation value and failure probability of bus voltage of concerned station after three-phase short-circuit failure of system
And S52, calculating the probability of the voltage sag of the substation bus caused by the single-phase earth fault of the j-th transmission line according to the following formula.
In the formula of UthreIs a voltage sag threshold; pddjThe probability of the voltage sag of the bus of the transformer substation caused by the single-phase ground fault of the jth power transmission line is shown; pdjThe probability of single-phase earth fault occurrence for the jth power transmission line; u shapemaxj、UminjAfter the j power transmission line has a single-phase short circuit fault, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected value of the voltage sag of the substation bus; u'threIs the voltage sag threshold value which is corrected according to the transmission characteristic of the D/yn11 transformer to the single-phase voltage sag.
The voltage sag threshold needs to be corrected at this time. Taking the voltage sag threshold of the sensitive load as 0.87p.u. as an example, considering the operation mode of the transformer in the direct grounding system with the neutral point connected by the D/yn11, it can be known from the look-up table 1 that the voltage sag threshold of the bus of the transformer station can be reduced to 0.8p.u when the single-phase ground fault occurs.
Table 3 shows the calculation results of the fault probability at the time of the single-phase short-circuit fault of the line of the embodiment section and the maximum and minimum values of the expected voltage sag amplitude.
TABLE 3 sag expectation value and failure probability of bus voltage of Guannan substation after single-phase short-circuit failure of system
S53, calculating the concerned substation bus voltage sag probability caused by the short-circuit fault of the transmission line according to the following formula:
in the formula of UthreThe value is a voltage sag threshold value, and P is the probability of paying attention to the voltage sag of the substation bus caused by the short-circuit fault of the power transmission line.
S6, judging whether all feasible installation positions of the fault current limiter are traversed or not, and if so, entering S7; otherwise, a certain feasible installation position to be analyzed of the network is selected to add a fault current limiter, and the bus voltage sag characteristic of the concerned transformer substation after the fault current limiter is accessed is calculated, namely the step returns to S2;
table 4 shows the voltage sag characteristics of the bus with infinite current transformer in question for different voltage sensitivity thresholds.
Table 4 focuses on sag characteristics of bus voltage
And S7, comparing and evaluating the voltage sag characteristics of the concerned substation bus before and after the fault current limiter is added. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s71, directly comparing and analyzing the amplitude and voltage sag frequency index of the voltage after the voltage sag after the fault current limiter is added with the situation before the voltage sag frequency index is added with the fault current limiter;
s72, after the fault current limiter is put into use, different circuits are installed, and the influence degree of different sensitive load voltage thresholds on voltage sag is set to carry out comparative analysis, so that the optimal input strategy of the fault current limiter and the sensitive load voltage threshold with the maximum improvement degree are obtained;
from the statistical analysis results in table 4, it can be seen that:
1. through comparison before and after the current limiter is put into use, the fault current limiter can play a role in improving the voltage temporary amplitude and the temporary frequency. The voltage sag allowable threshold value of the sensitive load is just at the middle value of the voltage sag allowable threshold value, and the sag probability increasing effect is most obvious.
2. After the fault current limiter is put into the partial lines, the situation of bus voltage sag of the attention station becomes worse, if the moment of putting the fault current limiter into the partial lines can be effectively controlled, the fault current limiter can not be put into the partial lines after short-circuit faults occur to the lines, and the strategy is called as an optimal putting strategy for improving the situation of bus voltage sag of the attention station. From the calculation result, the current limiter adopts the optimal input strategy, and the effect of improving the voltage sag probability is optimal.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for evaluating the improvement degree of a voltage sag characteristic of a substation bus by a fault current limiter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting the concerned transformer substation, establishing a simplified equivalent model of the peripheral network of the concerned transformer substation, and collecting the original recorded data of the short-circuit fault;
s2, selecting a power transmission line to be analyzed, and estimating the fault probability of the power transmission line with three-phase short circuit/single-phase grounding short circuit according to the historical short circuit fault statistical data of the line;
s3, scanning and calculating the voltage sag amplitude of the concerned bus of the transformer substation after three-phase/single-phase short-circuit faults occur at different positions of the power transmission line, and selecting five positions from the power transmission line according to an equal interval principle to respectively calculate three-phase/single-phase short-circuit currents so as to approximately estimate a corresponding voltage sag interval, namely the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage sag expected value of the concerned bus voltage after the short-circuit faults occur on the power transmission line;
s4, judging whether the short-circuit current calculation traverses all the power transmission lines, if so, entering S5, otherwise, returning to S2;
s5, calculating and obtaining the bus voltage sag characteristics of the concerned transformer substation, namely: calculating the voltage sag probability of a substation bus caused by short-circuit faults of the transmission line under different voltage sag thresholds;
s6, judging whether all feasible installation positions of the fault current limiter are traversed or not, and if so, entering S7; otherwise, a certain feasible installation position to be analyzed of the network is selected to add a fault current limiter, and the bus voltage sag characteristic of the concerned transformer substation after the fault current limiter is accessed is calculated, namely the step returns to S2;
and S7, comparing and evaluating the voltage sag characteristics of the concerned substation bus before and after the fault current limiter is added.
2. The method for evaluating the improvement degree of the voltage sag characteristic of the substation bus by the fault current limiter according to claim 1, wherein the short-circuit fault probability of the transmission line in S2 is estimated according to the average fault probability per unit length of the transmission line of the same type in the same voltage class in the power grid in consideration of the cheapness of data acquisition, that is: and the three-phase/single-phase short-circuit fault probability of the transmission line is equal to the average three-phase/single-phase short-circuit fault probability of the unit length of the transmission line of the voltage class multiplied by the length of the transmission line.
3. The method for evaluating the improvement degree of the voltage sag characteristic of the substation bus by the fault current limiter according to claim 1, wherein S5 specifically comprises:
s51, calculating the probability of the voltage sag of the substation bus caused by the three-phase short circuit fault of the jth transmission line according to the following formula:
in the formula of UthreIs a voltage sag threshold; p3djThe probability of the voltage sag of a bus of the transformer substation caused by the three-phase short circuit fault of the jth power transmission line is shown; p3jThe probability of three-phase short circuit fault of the jth power transmission line is obtained; u shapemaxj、UminjAfter a three-phase short circuit fault occurs to the jth power transmission line, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected value of the voltage sag of the substation bus;
s52, calculating the probability of the voltage sag of the substation bus caused by the single-phase earth fault of the jth transmission line according to the following formula:
in the formula of UthreIs a voltage sag threshold; pddjThe probability of the voltage sag of the bus of the transformer substation caused by the single-phase ground fault of the jth power transmission line is shown; pdjThe probability of single-phase earth fault occurrence for the jth power transmission line; u shapemaxj、UminjAfter the j power transmission line has a single-phase short circuit fault, paying attention to the maximum value and the minimum value of the expected value of the voltage sag of the substation bus; u'threIs a voltage sag corrected according to the transmission characteristic of the D/yn11 transformer to the single-phase voltage sagReducing the threshold value;
s53, calculating the concerned substation bus voltage sag probability caused by the short-circuit fault of the transmission line according to the following formula:
in the formula of UthreThe value is a voltage sag threshold value, and P is the probability of paying attention to the voltage sag of the substation bus caused by the short-circuit fault of the power transmission line.
4. The method for evaluating the improvement degree of the voltage sag characteristic of the substation bus by the fault current limiter according to claim 1, wherein the specific step of S7 comprises the following steps:
s71, directly comparing and analyzing the amplitude and voltage sag frequency index of the voltage after the voltage sag after the fault current limiter is added with the situation before the voltage sag frequency index is added with the fault current limiter;
and S72, after the fault current limiter is put into use, installing different circuits and setting different sensitive load voltage thresholds to carry out comparative analysis on the influence degree of the voltage sag, thereby obtaining the optimal input strategy of the fault current limiter and the sensitive load voltage threshold with the maximum improvement degree.
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| CN110456223A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-15 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of power distribution network short circuit current measuring method containing distributed generation resource and electric car |
| CN110728065A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-24 | 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Voltage sag fault probability estimation and loss estimation method |
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| CN114243711A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-25 | 福州大学 | Large-scale power grid voltage sag evaluation method based on change branch influence domain |
| CN114243711B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-11-08 | 福州大学 | Large-scale power grid voltage sag evaluation method based on change branch influence domain |
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