CN112344748A - Method for smelting by using side-blown smelting furnace - Google Patents
Method for smelting by using side-blown smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN112344748A CN112344748A CN201910726013.XA CN201910726013A CN112344748A CN 112344748 A CN112344748 A CN 112344748A CN 201910726013 A CN201910726013 A CN 201910726013A CN 112344748 A CN112344748 A CN 112344748A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
- F27D2003/168—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge through a lance
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for smelting by using a side-blown smelting furnace. The smelting furnace comprises a flue gas area and a melt area from top to bottom, raw materials are blown into the melt from the side wall of the melt area by a spray gun for smelting, and the raw materials comprise electronic waste and/or concentrate powder. The method can increase the contact area of the raw materials and the melt, accelerate the chemical reaction rate and avoid the problems of high raw material production cost and low smelting efficiency caused by the combustion of electronic waste in a flue gas area and/or the bringing of small-particle-size raw materials out by flue gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for smelting by using a side-blown smelting furnace.
Background
At present, the smelting plants using the side-blown smelting furnace process in China all adopt a mode of adding raw materials from the top of the furnace, and the main steps are as follows: electronic waste or concentrate powder is prepared according to production requirements and then is added into a side-blown smelting furnace through a furnace top charging hole for smelting reaction. However, the mode of adding raw materials at the top of the furnace has the following defects: part of raw materials have large lumpiness, poor flowability in a melt, small contact area with the melt and difficult rapid and complete reaction; secondly, when the raw materials added are electronic waste materials containing plastics, most of the plastics can be combusted in the falling process and cannot enter the molten pool, the generated heat is taken away by smoke, the heat cannot be supplemented for the molten pool, the addition amount of coal cannot be reduced, and the production cost is increased. Thus, the smelting process remains to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, it is an object of the invention to propose a method for smelting with a side-blown smelting furnace. The method can increase the contact area of the raw materials and the melt, accelerate the chemical reaction rate and avoid the problems of high raw material production cost and low smelting efficiency caused by the combustion of electronic waste in a flue gas area and/or the bringing of small-particle-size raw materials out by flue gas.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method of smelting with a side-blown smelting furnace. According to the embodiment of the invention, the smelting furnace comprises a flue gas area and a melt area from top to bottom, raw materials are blown into a melt from the side wall of the melt area by using a spray gun for smelting, and the raw materials comprise electronic waste and/or concentrate powder.
Compared with the traditional smelting method of adding raw materials at the top of the side-blown smelting furnace, the smelting method by using the side-blown smelting furnace in the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages: on one hand, the contact area of the raw materials and the melt can be increased, and the melt can be properly stirred, so that the diffusion of the raw materials and the chemical reaction rate are accelerated; on the other hand, when the raw materials comprise electronic waste containing plastics, if a traditional furnace top feeding mode is adopted, the plastics can be combusted in a smoke area in the falling process, heat is taken away by smoke, and heat cannot be supplemented to the melt; and if the particle size of the concentrate powder and/or the electronic waste is too small, the raw material loss is easily caused by the emission of flue gas, the raw material is directly fed into the melt by adopting a side blowing mode, so that the raw material loss can be effectively avoided, most of plastics can be directly combusted in the melt and heat is supplemented for the melt, the addition amount of fuels such as coal and the like is obviously reduced, the production cost can be greatly saved, and the smelting rate and the economic benefit are improved.
In addition, the method for smelting by using the side-blown smelting furnace according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, a plurality of the lances are used to blow feedstock into the melt from the melt zone side walls.
In some embodiments of the invention, the plurality of lances are distributed at intervals obliquely upwards and/or obliquely downwards and/or horizontally in the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the melt zone.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the obliquely downward spraying lances and the horizontally spraying lances are alternately distributed in a circumferential direction of an outer wall of the melt zone.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the horizontal projection direction, the included angle between the line from the intersection point of the spray gun and the smelting furnace to the central line of the smelting furnace and the raw material injection direction is 0-45 degrees, preferably 0-15 degrees.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the angle between the blowing direction of the raw material and the horizontal direction is-60 to 60 degrees, preferably-30 to 30 degrees, and more preferably-15 to 15 degrees.
In some embodiments of the invention, the feedstock has a particle size of no greater than 20 mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the raw materials are injected into the melt by using compressed gas as a carrier in the spray gun, and the gas-solid ratio of the compressed gas to the raw materials is (5-30): 1.
in some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure of the compressed gas is in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 MPa.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the compressed gas is at least one selected from the group consisting of compressed air, an inert gas, oxygen-enriched air, and a reducing gas.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a method of smelting with a side-blown smelting furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the angle between the horizontal projection of the line from the intersection point of the lance and the melting furnace to the center line of the melting furnace and the injection direction of the raw materials according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method of smelting with a side-blown smelting furnace. According to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, in the method, a smelting furnace comprises a flue gas area 100 and a melt area 200 from top to bottom, raw materials are blown into a melt from the side wall of the melt area by using a spray gun for smelting, and the raw materials comprise electronic waste materials and/or concentrate powder. Compared with the traditional smelting method of adding raw materials at the top of the side-blown smelting furnace, the smelting method by using the side-blown smelting furnace in the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages: on one hand, the contact area of the raw materials and the melt can be increased, and the melt can be properly stirred, so that the diffusion of the raw materials and the chemical reaction rate are accelerated; on the other hand, when the raw materials comprise electronic waste containing plastics, if a traditional furnace top feeding mode is adopted, the plastics can be combusted in a smoke area in the falling process, heat is taken away by smoke, and heat cannot be supplemented to the melt; and if the particle size of the concentrate powder and/or the electronic waste is too small, the raw material loss is easily caused by the emission of flue gas, the raw material is directly fed into the melt by adopting a side blowing mode, so that the raw material loss can be effectively avoided, most of plastics can be directly combusted in the melt and heat is supplemented for the melt, the addition amount of fuels such as coal and the like is obviously reduced, the production cost can be greatly saved, and the smelting rate and the economic benefit are improved.
The method of smelting using a side-blown smelting furnace according to the above embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a plurality of spray guns can be used for spraying the raw materials into the melt from the side wall of the melt area, so that the spraying efficiency can be improved, and the raw materials can be favorably dispersed in the melt, thereby accelerating the chemical reaction rate. Preferably, a plurality of lances may be uniformly distributed in a circumferential direction of an outer wall of the melt zone, whereby uniformity of mixing of the raw material with the melt may be further improved. The blowing opening of the spray gun can be positioned on any side wall of the furnace body in the range of the melt zone below the melt liquid level layer of the side-blown smelting furnace, so that raw materials are fed into the melt through the blowing opening to be completely reacted.
According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of lances may be distributed obliquely upward and/or obliquely downward and/or horizontally at intervals in a circumferential direction of the outer wall of the melt zone, whereby the direction of injection of the lances may be at least one selected from obliquely upward, obliquely downward or horizontally. Preferably, the plurality of lances may be arranged diagonally downward and/or horizontally in the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the melt zone, so that the lances are directed diagonally downward and/or horizontally, thereby further ensuring that the feedstock is fully blown into the melt. Further, in the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the melt zone, the spray guns spraying obliquely downwards and the spray guns spraying horizontally can be distributed alternately, so that the stirring uniformity of the blowing gas on the melt and the dispersion effect of the raw materials in the melt can be further improved.
According to another embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 2, in the horizontal projection direction, the included angle beta between the line L from the intersection point of the lance and the smelting furnace to the central line of the smelting furnace and the blowing direction of the raw materials can be 0-45 degrees, for example, it may be 0 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees, or 45 degrees, and the inventors have found that if the distance from the raw material to the furnace body after the injection is small, the chemical reaction is more likely to be carried out at the edge position close to the side wall of the furnace body, the heat release of the reaction is easy to cause the overheating of the furnace body structure, further leading the furnace body structure to be damaged, in the invention, by controlling the included angle between the connecting line from the intersection point of the spray gun and the smelting furnace to the central line of the smelting furnace and the horizontal projection direction of the raw material injection direction to be 0-45 degrees, the raw materials can be effectively prevented from gathering at the edge of the smelting furnace, so that the damage to the furnace body structure caused by the heat release of the chemical reaction is avoided or remarkably improved. Preferably, in the horizontal projection direction, the included angle between the connecting line from the intersection point of the spray gun and the smelting furnace to the central line of the smelting furnace and the injection direction of the raw materials can be 0-15 degrees, and the inventor finds that when the included angle between the connecting line from the intersection point of the spray gun and the smelting furnace to the central line of the smelting furnace and the injection direction of the raw materials in the horizontal projection direction is smaller, the stirring effect on the melt is better when the raw materials are injected, so that the raw materials can be more favorably and quickly dispersed in the melt.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the angle α between the blowing direction of the raw material and the horizontal direction may be-60 to 60 degrees, for example, -45 to 60 degrees, -30 to 40 degrees, -30 to 30 degrees, -15 to 15 degrees, -60 degrees, -50 degrees, -40 degrees, -30 degrees, -20 degrees, -10 degrees, -5 degrees, 0 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees or 60 degrees, and the like, where it is to be noted that the angle α refers to the angle from the horizontal direction to the blowing direction, and is positive clockwise and negative counterclockwise; alpha is alpha1The included angle between the injection direction of the raw material and the horizontal direction is positive when the injection direction of the raw material is obliquely downward; alpha is alpha2The included angle between the blowing direction of the raw material and the horizontal direction is negative when the blowing direction of the raw material is obliquely upward. The inventor finds that if the included angle between the raw material injection direction and the horizontal direction is too large, the distance between the injected raw material and the furnace body is small, the raw material is easy to react at the edge position close to the side wall of the furnace body to cause overheating of the furnace body structure, and further the stability of the furnace body structure is influenced. Preferably, the angle alpha from the horizontal direction to the raw material blowing direction may be-30 to 30 degrees, more preferablyAnd the angle alpha from the horizontal direction to the injection direction of the raw materials can be-15 to 15 degrees, so that the damage to the furnace body structure caused by chemical reaction of the raw materials at the edge of the smelting furnace can be further avoided.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the raw material in the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, for example, the particle size of the raw material can be not greater than 20mm, for example, not greater than 10mm, not greater than 5mm, not greater than 3mm, or 1 to 8mm, etc., so as to facilitate the smooth blowing of the raw material into the melt, and further increase the contact area between the raw material and the melt, thereby increasing the chemical reaction rate.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the raw material in the spray gun can be sprayed into the melt by using compressed gas as a carrier, and the gas-solid ratio of the compressed gas to the raw material can be (5-30): 1, the pressure range of the compressed gas can be 0.1-0.3 MPa. The inventors found that if the gas-solid ratio of the compressed gas to the raw material or the pressure range of the compressed gas is too small, the raw material is not sufficiently blown into the melt, and the raw material is not well dispersed in the melt; if the gas-solid ratio of the compressed gas to the raw material or the pressure range of the compressed gas is too large, the melt is excessively disturbed, and even the melt splashing phenomenon is generated.
According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the kind of the compressed gas in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be selected by those skilled in the art according to the actual smelting need, for example, the compressed gas may be at least one selected from the group consisting of compressed air, inert gas, oxygen-enriched air and reducing gas.
The scheme of the invention will be explained with reference to the examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
The general method comprises the following steps: a side-blown smelting furnace with the electronic waste treatment capacity of 10t/h (dry basis) is selected, the working system is 297 days/year and 24 h/day, the plastic content in the electronic waste is 25 percent, and the electronic waste is treated by a crushing system and then sprayed into the furnace for reaction. And conveying the electronic waste to a crushing system, wherein the crushing system selects a four-axis shear type crusher. After the electronic waste is treated by the crusher, the part with the granularity less than or equal to 2mm enters an injection tank of an injection system to be stored, and the part which does not meet the injection granularity returns to the crushing cavity to continue crushing until the requirement is met.
Example 1
The furnace body blowing port is positioned on any furnace wall in the range of the side-blown smelting furnace melt zone, and the angle of the blowing direction of the spray gun relative to the horizontal direction is 0 degree. The blowing system adopts compressed air to convey electronic waste with the granularity less than or equal to 2mm to a blowing opening and then directly convey the electronic waste into a melt for rapid and complete smelting reaction. The pressure of the compressed air for conveying is 0.2MPa, and the gas-solid ratio of the compressed air to the electronic waste is 15: 1. Wherein most of plastics in the electronic waste are burnt in the melt,
comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: adopts the traditional furnace top feeding mode. Wherein, in the falling process of the electronic waste, 80% of plastics are burnt in the smoke area, and the generated heat is taken away by the smoke.
The heat loss in comparative example 1 was calculated: combustion heat value of plastics according to Q1Calculated as 47372KJ/kg, the amount of heat Q partially lost from the electronic scrap in comparative example 1210 × 25% × 80% × 47372 ═ 94744 MJ/h. Taking into account the heat lost during production Q2All the coal is supplemented by blending lump coal for combustion, and the combustion heat value of the lump coal is Q3When calculated as 2459kJ/kg, the blended lump coal quantity M is obtained194744/24519 ═ 3.86 t/h. In example 1, the majority of the plastic in the electronic scrap is burned in the melt, and the heat Q is given by2Can not be taken away by flue gas, and the coal blending quantity M can be saved in the production process2＝3.86×24×297-27500 t/year, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for smelting by using the side-blown smelting furnace is characterized in that the smelting furnace comprises a flue gas area and a melt area from top to bottom, raw materials are blown into a melt from the side wall of the melt area by a spray gun for smelting, and the raw materials comprise electronic waste and/or concentrate powder.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of said lances are used to blow feedstock from said melt zone side walls into the melt.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of lances are distributed at intervals obliquely upward and/or obliquely downward and/or horizontally in a circumferential direction of the outer wall of the melt zone.
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the obliquely downward-spraying lances and the horizontally-spraying lances are alternately distributed in a circumferential direction of an outer wall of the melt zone.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the angle between the line from the intersection point of the lance and the smelting furnace to the centre line of the smelting furnace and the direction of the raw material injection is 0-45 degrees, preferably 0-15 degrees, in the horizontal projection direction.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the angle between the blowing direction of the raw material and the horizontal direction is-60 to 60 degrees, preferably-30 to 30 degrees, and more preferably-15 to 15 degrees.
7. The method according to any one of claim 6, wherein the feedstock has a particle size of no more than 20 mm.
8. The charging method as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein the raw material is injected into the melt in the lance by using compressed gas as a carrier, and the gas-solid ratio of the compressed gas to the raw material is (5-30): 1.
9. the charging method as defined in claim 8, wherein the pressure of said compressed gas is in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 MPa.
10. The charging method as recited in claim 9, wherein said compressed gas is at least one selected from the group consisting of compressed air, an inert gas, oxygen-enriched air and a reducing gas.
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| CN201910726013.XA CN112344748A (en) | 2019-08-07 | 2019-08-07 | Method for smelting by using side-blown smelting furnace |
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| CN201910726013.XA CN112344748A (en) | 2019-08-07 | 2019-08-07 | Method for smelting by using side-blown smelting furnace |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113774227A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-10 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Smelting treatment method of incineration fly ash |
| CN114479947A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-05-13 | 煤科院节能技术有限公司 | Pulverized coal conveying system and using method thereof |
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| CN114479947A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-05-13 | 煤科院节能技术有限公司 | Pulverized coal conveying system and using method thereof |
| CN114479947B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2023-03-21 | 北京天地融创科技股份有限公司 | Pulverized coal conveying system and using method thereof |
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