CN112339364B - Aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112339364B
CN112339364B CN202011168926.3A CN202011168926A CN112339364B CN 112339364 B CN112339364 B CN 112339364B CN 202011168926 A CN202011168926 A CN 202011168926A CN 112339364 B CN112339364 B CN 112339364B
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aluminum
layer
composite material
manganese alloy
based composite
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CN112339364A (en
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彭卓玮
欧阳维杰
禹金科
蒋小晶
彭聪
朱海燕
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Changsha Zhongxing New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0012—Mechanical treatment, e.g. roughening, deforming, stretching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
    • B32B38/162—Cleaning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • B32B2037/243—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/06—Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B32B2255/205—Metallic coating

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Abstract

The invention provides an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, spraying on the surface of an aluminum layer raw material to form a transition layer; s2, in a protective atmosphere, bonding the raw material of the aluminum-manganese alloy layer with the transition layer, and then performing hot rolling compounding to obtain a composite plate; and S3, carrying out heat treatment on the composite board obtained in the step S2 to obtain the aluminum-based composite material. The aluminum-based composite material provided by the invention improves the corrosion resistance and interlayer bonding strength of the composite material.

Description

Aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Composite materials made by combining two or more materials have physical, chemical, mechanical properties and price differences from those of a single material, have many advantages that the single material does not have, and are widely applied to various fields. For example, the corrosion-resistant aluminum-manganese alloy is compounded with aluminum metal, so that the corrosion resistance of the aluminum-manganese alloy can be introduced into the aluminum metal, and the comprehensive performance of the material is greatly improved.
The common preparation methods of the composite plate include a rolling composite method and a continuous casting composite method. The action mechanism of rolling compounding is as follows: when two or more layers of metal with clean surfaces are subjected to strong pressure of a rolling mill, the surface metal layer can crack, the inner layer is clean, the activated metal layer is exposed, and planar primary combination is formed under the action of the strong pressure; in the subsequent heat treatment process, the joint surface continues to expand, forming a metallurgical bond with stable bonding. The rolling and compounding method has the advantages of high production efficiency, wide processing range and the like, and is suitable for producing the aluminum matrix composite material. The rolling compounding method also comprises hot rolling compounding, cold rolling compounding, asynchronous rolling compounding, powder rolling compounding, hot spraying rolling compounding, explosion rolling compounding and the like. Wherein the bonding strength of the cold rolled composite material is low; explosion rolling has higher requirements on equipment and has certain potential safety hazard; the asynchronous rolling operation is complicated; the powder and spray rolling have poor thickness adaptability to the composite layer. In the industrially prepared aluminum-based composite material, the bonding force between different composite layers needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the above problems in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides an aluminum matrix composite.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite material.
An aluminum-based composite material comprises an aluminum-manganese alloy layer, a transition layer and an aluminum layer which are sequentially connected.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the aluminum layer is made of aluminum sheet/strip with an aluminum content > 99%.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum layer has a thickness of 0.2 to 5mm.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transition layer is a zinc coating or a zinc oxide coating.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the transition layer is 4 to 8 μm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the transition layer mainly functions to improve the bonding strength between the aluminum layer and the aluminum-manganese alloy layer.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the layer of aluminium-manganese alloy is between 0.2 and 5mm.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the aluminum-manganese alloy layer comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass:
manganese: 1.1 to 1.4 percent of,
magnesium: 0.9 to 1.2 percent of,
the balance being aluminum.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the aluminium-manganese alloy layer further comprises unavoidable impurities in a total mass content of < 1.0%.
A preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, spraying on the surface of an aluminum layer raw material to form a transition layer;
s2, in a protective atmosphere, bonding the raw material of the aluminum-manganese alloy layer with the transition layer, and then performing hot rolling compounding to obtain a composite plate;
and S3, carrying out heat treatment on the composite board obtained in the step S2 to obtain the aluminum-based composite material.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes performing a surface treatment on the aluminum layer raw material and the aluminum-manganese alloy raw material before step S1.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the surface treatment comprises surface degreasing, oxide layer removal and mechanical polishing treatment.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the degreasing step is to clean the surfaces of the aluminum-manganese alloy layer raw material and the aluminum layer raw material with acetone.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the degreasing is to remove organic impurities on the surfaces of the aluminum-manganese alloy layer raw material and the aluminum layer raw material to improve the hot rolling composite effect.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the aluminum-manganese alloy layer raw material and the aluminum layer raw material is cleaned with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution having a concentration of 1M.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the oxide layer removing process is performed to remove the aluminum oxide thin film on the surface of the aluminum-manganese alloy layer material and the aluminum layer material, so as to obtain a clean surface and improve the hot rolling composite effect.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical polishing process is performed to achieve a surface roughness of 45 to 55 μm.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying in step S1 is single-sided spraying, and the method is controlled atmosphere plasma spraying.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the single-side spray coating is made of zinc or zinc oxide with purity of more than 99.9%.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plasma spraying is performed by heating the zinc or zinc oxide to a molten or semi-molten state using a dc-driven plasma arc as a heat source, and spraying the heated zinc or zinc oxide onto the surface-treated aluminum layer raw material at a high speed.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transition layer is selected from zinc or zinc oxide because: an oxide film formed by zinc oxide or metal zinc is brittle, has poorer ductility than aluminum or aluminum-manganese alloy, is beneficial to rolling and compounding an aluminum layer and an aluminum-manganese alloy layer, and improves the bonding strength; meanwhile, the zinc or the zinc oxide is low in price, so that the cost of the aluminum matrix composite can be reduced.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method further includes preheating the aluminum layer raw material attached with the transition layer obtained in step S1 and the aluminum-manganese alloy layer raw material subjected to the surface treatment before step S2.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the preheating is carried out under a protective gas at a preheating temperature of 400 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the purpose of said preheating is to uniformly heat said raw material and to redissolve said non-equilibrium phase.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the hot rolling in step S2 is repeated 1 to 3 times.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the hot rolling composition of step S2 has a single rolling reduction of 50 to 70%.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hot rolling composition of step S2 is carried out at a working speed of 6 to 10m/min.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hot rolling composition of step S2 is performed at a temperature of 450 to 550 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat treatment temperature is 350-450 ℃ and the time is 3-8 h.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat treatment in step S3 is to eliminate the internal stress accumulated during the rolling and cladding in step S2.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the thermal treatment in step S3 may further increase mutual diffusion of atoms of the aluminum layer, the aluminum-manganese alloy layer, and the transition layer, so as to improve the bonding strength of the aluminum-based composite material.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the protective atmosphere is one or more of nitrogen and inert gas.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum-manganese alloy is commercially available, or can be prepared by melting and casting aluminum with a purity of more than 99.0%, manganese with a purity of more than 99.9%, and magnesium with a purity of more than 99.9% by the company.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the metal transition layer is introduced into the aluminum-based composite material, so that the bonding strength of the aluminum-based composite material can be improved; in addition, the cost can be reduced.
(2) The invention adopts specific heat treatment parameters, eliminates the internal accumulated stress in the aluminum matrix composite material in the rolling and compounding step, improves the diffusion degree between layers of the aluminum matrix composite material, and finally improves the bonding strength.
(3) The method combines the introduction of the metal transition layer with the heat treatment, and the two steps play a synergistic role, so that the bonding strength of the aluminum matrix composite is improved.
(4) The method is simple, and has certain adaptability to the compounding of other material plate strips.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum matrix composite.
Description of the figure numbers:
1. an aluminum layer; 2. a transition layer; 3. an aluminum manganese alloy layer.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an aluminum matrix composite material, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, washing an aluminum-manganese alloy plate (the manganese content is 1.2 percent, the magnesium content is 1.0 percent and the balance is aluminum and inevitable impurities) and an aluminum plate (the purity is more than 99.0 percent) with the thickness of 5mm by acetone and 1M sodium hydroxide in sequence; then, mechanically polishing the aluminum-manganese alloy plate and the aluminum plate by using a steel wire brush respectively to obtain the aluminum plate and the aluminum-manganese alloy plate with the roughness of about 50 microns;
s2, adopting a plasma spraying method, taking zinc with the purity of 99.9% as a raw material, and carrying out single-side spraying on the aluminum plate processed in the step S1 to obtain a zinc coating with the thickness of about 15 microns;
s3, under the protection of nitrogen, preheating the aluminum-manganese alloy plate treated in the step S1 and the aluminum plate with the zinc coating obtained in the step S2 to 400 ℃;
s4, under the protection of nitrogen, attaching the aluminum-manganese alloy plate treated in the step S3 to a zinc coating, and performing hot rolling compounding to obtain a composite plate, wherein the hot rolling compounding temperature is 500 ℃, and the processing speed is 8m/min;
s5, carrying out heat treatment on the composite board under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the treatment temperature is 375 ℃, and the time duration is 4h.
The structural schematic diagram of the aluminum-based composite material obtained in this example is shown in fig. 1, 1 is an aluminum layer, 2 is a transition layer, and 3 is an aluminum-manganese alloy layer.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an aluminum matrix composite, and the specific preparation method is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:
in step S2, the single-side spraying is carried out on the aluminum plate processed in the step S1 by adopting a plasma spraying method and taking zinc oxide with the purity of 99.9% as a raw material to obtain a zinc oxide coating with the thickness of about 15 microns.
Example 3
The present example provides an aluminum matrix composite material, and the specific preparation method differs from that in example 1 in that:
in step S5, the heat treatment conditions are: the treatment temperature was 425 ℃ and the duration was 7h.
Comparative example 1
The present example provides a comparative aluminum matrix composite, the specific preparation method differs from that of example 1 in that:
step S2 is not performed, i.e. the aluminum plate is not sprayed.
Comparative example 2
The present example provides a comparative aluminum matrix composite, the specific preparation method differs from that of example 1 in that:
step S5 is not performed, i.e. the composite panel is not heat treated.
Test example
In this example, the aluminum-based composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were tested. The specific test content and test method are as follows:
and (3) testing the bonding strength: the aluminum-based composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were peeled off by a method disclosed in the national standard document "test method for peel strength of adhesive tape" numbered GB/T2792-2014 to test the bonding strength of the samples. The sampling direction of the peeling test was the rolling direction, and the peeled sample was peeled at 90 ° on a BLD-200N electron peeling tester. The test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 bond strength results for aluminum matrix composites.
Group of Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2
Bonding Strength (N/mm) 30 26 24 18 9
The results shown in table 1 show that the bonding strength of the aluminum-based composite plate is effectively improved by introducing a zinc/zinc oxide transition layer in the middle of the aluminum-based composite plate; the bonding strength of the aluminum-based composite board can be greatly improved through heat treatment; the two treatment processes are applied simultaneously, so that a synergistic effect is generated, and the bonding strength of the aluminum-based composite plate is improved.
Tensile property: the tensile properties of the aluminum-based composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were tested by a method disclosed in the international document "general industrial aluminum and aluminum-manganese alloy plate and strip" with the number of GB/T3880.1-2012. The test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 tensile properties results for aluminum matrix composites.
Group of Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2
Tensile strength (MPa) 195 197 194 196 187
The results shown in table 2 show that although the zinc/zinc oxide transition layer incorporated in the aluminum-based composite panel is brittle, the incorporation amount is very small, and therefore, the zinc/zinc oxide transition layer only plays a role in improving the bonding strength, and the tensile strength is not significantly reduced. Therefore, the introduced transition layer can improve the bonding strength of the aluminum matrix composite and ensure the good machining performance of the aluminum matrix composite.
Corrosion resistance: the surface of the aluminum-manganese alloy layer of the aluminum-based composite material obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 of the present invention was subjected to a corrosion resistance test by a method disclosed in "medium-sized salt spray test Standard" of the national Standard document No. GBT 2423.17-93.
The test result shows that: the corrosion resistance of the surface of the aluminum-manganese alloy layer of the aluminum-based composite material obtained in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 2 is qualified.
In conclusion, the aluminum matrix composite material provided by the invention has excellent corrosion resistance, and excellent interlayer bonding strength and tensile strength.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising an aluminum-manganese alloy layer, a transition layer and an aluminum layer which are sequentially connected;
the transition layer is a zinc oxide coating;
the preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, spraying on the surface of an aluminum layer raw material to form a transition layer;
s2, in a protective atmosphere, bonding the raw material of the aluminum-manganese alloy layer with the transition layer, and then performing hot rolling compounding to obtain a composite plate; hot rolling and compounding, wherein the temperature is 450 to 550 ℃, and the single rolling reduction is 50 to 70%;
s3, carrying out heat treatment on the composite board obtained in the step S2 to obtain the aluminum-based composite material;
the heat treatment temperature is 350 to 450 ℃, and the time is 3 to 8h.
2. The composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the aluminium layer is 0.2 to 5mm.
3. The aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the transition layer has a thickness of 4~8 μm.
4. The aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the aluminum-manganese alloy layer is 0.2 to 5mm.
5. Aluminium matrix composite according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the layer of aluminium-manganese alloy comprises, in mass%:
manganese: 1.1 to 1.4 percent,
magnesium: 0.9 to 1.2 percent,
the balance being aluminum.
6. The aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the number of rolling passes of the hot-rolled composite is 1~3.
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