CN112338143A - Investment casting process of shaft blank - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to an investment casting process of a shaft blank, which is applied to the field of shaft blank casting and comprises the following steps: a1, designing and processing a mould according to a part drawing; a2, manufacturing a wax mould; a3, cleaning a wax mould; a4, welding the wax pattern on the gate rod by a heated welding knife; a5, cleaning the wax mould and the gate rod, coating a coating and spreading quartz sand after cleaning, hardening and drying the wax mould and the gate rod with the quartz sand, and repeating the steps of coating, sanding, hardening and drying for multiple times to obtain a shell; a6, cutting a groove in the shell, and feeding the shell into a wax melting furnace for heating to melt the wax in the shell; a7, taking out the shell and feeding the shell into a roasting furnace for roasting; a8, casting and molding; a9, removing the shell; a10, cutting and grinding the blank. The method has the effect of improving the surface quality of the blank.

Description

Investment casting process of shaft blank

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of shaft blank casting, in particular to an investment casting process of a shaft blank.

Background

The shaft part is one of typical parts frequently encountered in hardware fittings and is mainly used for supporting transmission parts, transmitting torque and bearing load.

In the related technology, the shaft parts are usually machined by a lathe, the shapes of the parts are lathed according to drawings, the dimensional precision of the parts is high, and for some shaft parts which are small in batch, low in precision requirement and mainly used for bearing, a sand casting machining mode is mainly selected for one-step forming, and blanks are directly cast.

In view of the above-mentioned related art, the inventors believe that because the sand casting is divided into the upper and lower dies, the blank is prone to produce scrap on the parting surface, and the surface quality of the blank is low.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problem that the surface quality of a shaft blank is low, the application provides an investment casting process of the shaft blank.

The investment casting process of the shaft blank provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:

an investment casting process of a shaft blank comprises the following steps: a1, designing and processing a mould according to a part drawing; a2, manufacturing a wax mould; a3, cleaning a wax mould; a4, welding the wax pattern on the gate rod by a heated welding knife; a5, cleaning the wax mould and the gate rod, coating a coating and spreading quartz sand after cleaning, hardening and drying the wax mould and the gate rod with the quartz sand, and repeating the steps of coating, sanding, hardening and drying for multiple times to obtain a shell; a6, cutting a groove in the shell, and feeding the shell into a wax melting furnace for heating to melt the wax in the shell; a7, taking out the shell and feeding the shell into a roasting furnace for roasting; a8, casting and molding; a9, removing the shell; a10, cutting and grinding the blank.

By adopting the technical scheme, the wax mold which is the same as the part is made of wax, the complete cavity is formed in the shell after the wax mold is melted, the parting surface caused by the upper and lower die structures is removed, the possibility of producing rim charge on the surface of the blank is reduced, the shell is made of paint and quartz sand, the inner wall of the cavity has high smoothness, and the surface quality of the blank is improved.

Optionally, in step a2, a separating agent is coated on the inner wall of the cavity of the mold before the wax pattern is manufactured.

By adopting the technical scheme, the separating agent enables the inner wall of the mold cavity to form a layer of isolating film, so that the wax mold can fall off conveniently.

Optionally, in step a4, a plurality of wax patterns are prepared to be welded together on the gate pin.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, a plurality of wax matrix correspond a plurality of blanks, do benefit to and improve casting efficiency.

Optionally, coating, sanding, sclerosis and the drying in step A5 go on through the transfer chain, and the transfer chain includes bed frame, guide rail and slide, the guide rail sets up on the bed frame top, slide sliding connection is on the guide rail, be equipped with the driving piece that is used for driving the slide and removes on the bed frame, be connected with the work or material rest through promoting the piece on the slide, be equipped with a plurality of anchor clamps that are used for cliping the runner stick on the work or material rest, be equipped with storage bucket, sand blasting machine, sclerosis pond and drying cabinet in the bed frame.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, driving piece drive slide removes, and the drive slide removes to hardening pond top, promotes a drive work or material rest and descends, loops through storage bucket, sand blasting machine, hardening pond and drying cabinet with wax matrix and sprue bar, has reduced artifical required work load, convenient and fast.

Optionally, the driving part comprises a servo motor and a rack, the servo motor is installed on the sliding seat, a gear is connected to a motor shaft of the servo motor, and the rack is arranged on the side wall of the guide rail and meshed with the gear.

By adopting the technical scheme, the servo motor is started, the driving gear rotates, the sliding seat moves along the guide rail through the transmission of the gear and the rack, the sliding seat is convenient to position quickly, and the transmission time is saved.

Optionally, the hoisting member includes a winch and a haulage rope, the winch is installed on the slide, one end of the haulage rope is wound on a roller of the winch, the other end of the haulage rope downwards penetrates through the slide and is connected with a plurality of pull ropes, and each pull rope is connected with the material rack.

By adopting the technical scheme, the winch is started to drive the roller to wind or release the traction rope, so that the material rack is driven to correspondingly ascend or descend.

Optionally, anchor clamps are including adjusting post and sleeve, it fixes in the work or material rest bottom surface to adjust the post, a plurality of recesses have been seted up to the one end circumference that the work or material rest was kept away from to the regulation post, each the recess tank bottom all articulates through the articulated shaft has splint, the cover is equipped with the torsional spring on the articulated shaft, works as when the torsional spring is in natural state, each splint open each other, the muffjoint is outside adjusting the post.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the operator arranges the runner stick tip in between each splint, and the sleeve that glides, each splint draw close each other under telescopic extrusion to clip the runner stick, it is simple and convenient.

Optionally, a spring is connected between the sleeve and the material rest.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the sleeve keeps the state of restraint splint under the elastic force of spring, has improved the fixed stability of runner stick.

Optionally, one end of the clamping plate, which is far away from the adjusting column, is in threaded connection with an adjusting screw, and the end of the adjusting screw is connected with a base plate.

By adopting the technical scheme, an operator can screw the adjusting screw to adjust the distance between the backing plates, and the clamping requirements on the gate rods with different specifications are met.

Optionally, the base frame is slidably connected with two mutually parallel switching plates, the moving direction of the switching plates is perpendicular to the guide rails, the guide rails are provided with two groups and fixed on the bottom surfaces of the two switching plates respectively, the base frame is provided with two cylinders, and piston rods of the two cylinders are connected with the two switching plates respectively.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when a frame hardens and when dry, another work or material rest can carry out the material loading and prepare, and the cylinder drive switches the board and removes for two work or material rest are changed in turn, have guaranteed the continuation of processing, do benefit to and improve production efficiency.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. a complete part cavity is formed in the shell in an investment casting mode, a parting surface is removed, the inner wall of the cavity has high smoothness, and the surface quality of a blank is improved;

2. a single gate bar corresponds to a plurality of wax molds, so that the number of single casting blanks is increased; the automatic hardening and the drying of the shell are realized, the workload required by the manual work of an operator is reduced, the two material racks are matched to carry out feeding and discharging in turn, and the processing efficiency is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram for embodying a slider and a switch board in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram for embodying the clamp according to the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 4.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a base frame; 11. a guide rail; 12. a slide base; 13. a material rack; 14. a switch board; 15. a cylinder; 2. a drive member; 21. a servo motor; 211. a gear is arranged; 22. a rack; 3. a lifting member; 31. a winch; 32. a hauling rope; 33. pulling a rope; 4. a clamp; 41. an adjustment column; 411. a groove; 42. a sleeve; 421. a spring; 43. a splint; 44. hinging a shaft; 441. a torsion spring; 45. an adjusting screw; 451. a base plate; 51. a paint bucket; 52. a sand blasting machine; 53. a hardening tank; 54. and (7) a drying box.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-5.

The embodiment of the application discloses an investment casting process of a shaft blank.

The investment casting process comprises the following steps: and A1, designing and processing a mould according to the part drawing.

A2, introducing wax into a wax making cylinder, enabling an outlet of the wax making cylinder to be opposite to an injection opening of a mould, pressurizing the wax making cylinder to enable the wax to be injected into a cavity of the mould at a stable speed, maintaining the pressure for a period of time, opening the mould after the wax is cooled and formed, and taking out the wax mould.

A3, cleaning the wax mould and checking whether the wax mould has defects, if so, repairing the wax.

A4, preparing a plurality of wax patterns and welding the wax patterns on the gate bar one by using a heated welding knife, wherein the distance between two adjacent wax patterns is kept.

A5, cleaning the wax mould and the gate stick, transferring the gate stick to a conveying line after cleaning, sequentially coating paint on the wax mould and the gate stick by a conveyor, spraying quartz sand, hardening and drying, and repeating for multiple times to obtain the shell.

A6, cutting the shell into slots, placing the slots on a bent frame one by one, enabling the slots to face downwards, and sending the bent frame into a wax melting furnace to be heated, so that the wax in the shell is melted.

A7, taking the shell out of the wax melting furnace, sending the shell into a roasting furnace for roasting, keeping the temperature for two hours after roasting to 850-900 ℃, and then taking the shell out.

A8, casting and molding, pouring the molten metal into the shell, waiting for the molten metal to solidify, and cooling.

And A9, knocking the shell by using an air hammer to break and remove the shell.

A10, cutting the blank from the gate bar by a cutter, and then putting the blank on a grinder to grind the gate of the blank.

The wax mould is manufactured according to the size of the part, so that a complete cavity is formed in the shell after the wax mould is melted, a parting surface caused by the structure of the upper mould and the lower mould is removed, the shell is formed by coating a coating, quartz sand and a hardening agent on an investment mould, the inner surface of the cavity in direct contact with molten metal has high smoothness, the possibility of generating rim charge on the surface of a blank is reduced, and the surface quality of the blank is improved.

As shown in fig. 1, the conveying line includes a base frame 1, two switching plates 14 moving along the width direction of the base frame 1 are connected to the base frame 1 in a sliding manner, air cylinders 15 corresponding to the two switching plates 14 one to one are arranged on the base frame 1, and piston rods of the air cylinders 15 are fixed to the switching plates 14.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the bottom surface of each switching board 14 is provided with two parallel guide rails 11, the guide rails 11 all extend along the length direction of the base frame 1, one side of each of the two guide rails 11 corresponding to each switching board 14, which deviates from the switching board 14, is provided with a sliding base 12, the base frame 1 is provided with a driving part 2 for driving the sliding base 12 to move, the two sliding bases 12 are all connected with a material rack 13 through a lifting part 3, the material rack 13 is located below the sliding base 12, the material rack 13 is provided with a plurality of clamps 4 for clamping gate bars, as shown in fig. 1, the base frame 1 is provided with glue coating barrels arranged in sequence along the length direction thereof, a sand blasting machine 52, a hardening tank.

As shown in fig. 3, the driving member 2 includes a servo motor 21 mounted on the sliding base 12, a gear 211 is provided on a motor shaft of the servo motor 21, a rack 22 parallel to the side wall of the guide rail 11 is provided on the side wall of the guide rail, and the rack 22 is located above the gear and meshed with the gear; the servo motor 21 is started, the driving gear 211 rotates, and the sliding seat 12 moves along the guide rail 11 under the transmission of the gear 211 and the rack 22 because the servo motor 21 and the sliding seat 12 are relatively fixed, so that the operation is stable and fast.

As shown in fig. 2, the elevator includes a winch 31 installed at the middle position of the sliding base 12, a traction rope 32 is wound on a roller of the winch 31, one end of the traction rope 32 far away from the winch 31 downwardly penetrates through the sliding base 12, the penetrating end is connected with a plurality of pull ropes 33, the pull ropes 33 correspond to each corner of the material shelf 13, and the end portions of the pull ropes 33 are fixed on the material shelf 13.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the fixture 4 includes an adjusting column 41 vertically fixed on the bottom surface of the material rest 13, a plurality of grooves 411 distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the axis are formed in one end of the adjusting column 41 far away from the material rest 13, each groove 411 extends downwards out of the adjusting column 41, a clamping plate 43 is hinged to the bottom of each groove 411 through a hinge shaft 44, each clamping plate 43 extends out of the groove 411, an adjusting screw 45 is connected to one end of each clamping plate 43 in a threaded manner, the adjusting screw 45 penetrates through the clamping plate 43 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the clamping plate 43, and the penetrating end is rotatably connected with the base plates 451, an operator can rotate the adjusting screw 45 to adjust the distance between the base plates 451, a torsion spring 441 is sleeved on each hinge shaft 44, when the torsion spring 441 is in a natural state, one end of each clamping plate.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the adjusting column 41 is sleeved with a sleeve 42, a spring 421 is connected between the sleeve 42 and the material rest 13, the sleeve 42 downwardly extrudes each clamping plate 43 under the elastic thrust of the spring 421 to force each clamping plate 43 to approach each other, thereby driving each base plate 451 to abut against the gate rod, and fastening and fixing the gate rod, at this time, the torsion spring 441 is in a twisted state, when the gate rod needs to be dismounted, an operator moves up the sleeve 42 to separate from the clamping rod, each clamping rod rotates under the elastic force of the torsion spring 441, and then the base plate 451 is driven to separate from the gate rod, which is simple and convenient.

The implementation principle of the embodiment of the application is as follows: when the two switching plates 14 are at the initial position, the two stacks 13 are distributed at two sides of the coating barrel 51, after an operator welds the wax pattern and the gate stick together, the sleeve 42 is moved upwards to open the clamping plates 43, then the gate stick is placed between the backing plates 451, the sleeve 42 is slowly released, the sleeve 42 presses each clamping plate 43 downwards under the elastic thrust of the spring 421 to drive each backing plate 451 to clamp the gate stick, after each clamp 4 clamps the gate stick, the air cylinder 15 is started to push the switching plates 14 to move, so that the stacks 13 are positioned above the coating barrel 51, the winch 31 is started to drive the roller thereof to release the pulling rope 32, so that the wax pattern and the gate stick are lowered into the coating, and after the wax pattern and the gate stick are soaked for a period of time, the winch 31 drives the roller to wind the pulling rope 32 to lift the wax pattern out of the coating barrel 51.

The servo motor 21 is started to drive the sliding base 12 to move to the position above the sand blasting machine 52, the winch 31 drives the material rack 13 to descend, so that the wax mold moves downwards to the sand blasting port of the sand blasting machine 52, the sand blasting machine 52 is started to spray quartz sand on the wax mold and the gate stick, then the winch 31 lifts the material rack 13, the servo motor 21 drives the sliding base 12 to move and change positions, the wax mold and the gate stick are driven to be immersed into the hardening pool 53 to be coated with a hardening agent, and finally the wax mold and the gate stick are hung in the drying box 54 to be dried.

After drying, the winch 31 drives the material rack 13 to drive the wax pattern to move out of the drying box 54, the air cylinder 15 is started to drive the switching plate 14 to move backwards, so that the wax pattern and the drying box 54 are staggered, the servo motor 21 drives the sliding seat 12 to move backwards to wait for cooling of the wax pattern, in the process, an operator loads the clamp 4 on the other material rack 13, after the first material rack 13 moves backwards, the other air cylinder 15 pushes the switching plate 14 to move, a new batch of wax patterns are moved to the position above the coating bucket 51, and the steps are repeated, so that the two material racks 13 drive the wax patterns to form coating, sanding, hardening and drying circulation, the production and processing efficiency is improved, and the manual labor intensity is reduced.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. An investment casting process of a shaft blank is characterized by comprising the following steps: a1, designing and processing a mould according to a part drawing; a2, manufacturing a wax mould; a3, cleaning a wax mould; a4, welding the wax pattern on the gate rod by a heated welding knife; a5, cleaning the wax mould and the gate rod, coating a coating and spreading quartz sand after cleaning, hardening and drying the wax mould and the gate rod with the quartz sand, and repeating the steps of coating, sanding, hardening and drying for multiple times to obtain a shell; a6, cutting a groove in the shell, and feeding the shell into a wax melting furnace for heating to melt the wax in the shell; a7, taking out the shell and feeding the shell into a roasting furnace for roasting; a8, casting and molding; a9, removing the shell; a10, cutting and grinding the blank.

2. The investment casting process of a shaft blank according to claim 1, wherein: in step A2, a release agent is applied to the inner wall of the cavity of the mold before the wax pattern is produced.

3. The investment casting process of a shaft blank according to claim 1, wherein: in step a4, a plurality of wax patterns are prepared to be welded together on a gate pin.

4. The investment casting process of a shaft blank according to claim 1, wherein: coating, sanding, sclerosis and drying in step A5 go on through the transfer chain, and the transfer chain includes bed frame (1), guide rail (11) and slide (12), guide rail (11) set up on bed frame (1) top, slide (12) sliding connection is on guide rail (11), be equipped with driving piece (2) that are used for driving slide (12) to remove on bed frame (1), be connected with work or material rest (13) through hoisting member (3) on slide (12), be equipped with a plurality of anchor clamps (4) that are used for cliping the runner stick on work or material rest (13), be equipped with in bed frame (1) coating bucket (51), sand blasting machine (52), sclerosis pond (53) and drying cabinet (54).

5. The investment casting process of a shaft blank according to claim 4, wherein: the driving piece (2) comprises a servo motor (21) and a rack (22), the servo motor (21) is installed on the sliding seat (12), a gear (211) is connected to a motor shaft of the servo motor (21), and the rack (22) is arranged on the side wall of the guide rail (11) and meshed with the gear (211).

6. The investment casting process of a shaft blank according to claim 4, wherein: the lifting piece (3) comprises a winch (31) and a traction rope (32), the winch (31) is installed on the sliding seat (12), one end of the traction rope (32) is wound on a roller of the winch (31), the other end of the traction rope downwards penetrates through the sliding seat (12) and is connected with a plurality of pull ropes (33), and each pull rope (33) is connected with the material rack (13).

7. The investment casting process of a shaft blank according to claim 4, wherein: anchor clamps (4) are including adjusting post (41) and sleeve (42), adjust post (41) and fix in work or material rest (13) bottom surface, a plurality of recesses (411) have been seted up to the one end circumference that work or material rest (13) were kept away from in regulation post (41), each recess (411) tank bottom all articulates through articulated shaft (44) has splint (43), the cover is equipped with torsional spring (441) on articulated shaft (44), works as when torsional spring (441) is in natural state, each splint (43) open each other, sleeve (42) cover is outside adjusting post (41).

8. The investment casting process of a shaft blank according to claim 7, wherein: a spring (421) is connected between the sleeve (42) and the material rack (13).

9. The investment casting process of a shaft blank of claim 8, wherein: one end of the clamping plate (43) far away from the adjusting column (41) is in threaded connection with an adjusting screw (45), and the end part of the adjusting screw (45) is connected with a base plate (451).

10. The investment casting process of a shaft blank according to claim 4, wherein: the improved switch device is characterized in that two parallel switch plates (14) are connected to the base frame (1) in a sliding mode, the moving direction of the switch plates (14) is perpendicular to the guide rails (11), the guide rails (11) are provided with two groups and fixed to the bottom surfaces of the two switch plates (14) respectively, two air cylinders (15) are arranged on the base frame (1), and piston rods of the two air cylinders (15) are connected with the two switch plates (14) respectively.

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