CN112332516A - Power management system of capacitive generator - Google Patents
Power management system of capacitive generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN112332516A CN112332516A CN202011229820.XA CN202011229820A CN112332516A CN 112332516 A CN112332516 A CN 112332516A CN 202011229820 A CN202011229820 A CN 202011229820A CN 112332516 A CN112332516 A CN 112332516A
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- generator
- power management
- management system
- discharge switch
- converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
Abstract
The invention discloses a power management system of a capacitive generator, which comprises a spark discharge switch and a converter, wherein the spark discharge switch is connected with the converter; the electric energy output by the capacitor type generator is converted by the spark discharge switch and the converter and then output to the load. The power management system of the capacitive generator is novel in design, simple in structure and extremely low in cost. The design of the spark discharge switch enables the generator to be instantly switched on when the peak voltage is reached, the initial low-frequency output of the generator is converted into high-frequency output, and meanwhile, a converter matched with parameters is designed. The low leakage current, high energy accumulation efficiency and full voltage range practical property of the system further improve the effective energy output and application range of the capacitive generator; the standard design and preparation of the transformer and the inductor for the efficient conversion of the electrostatic energy are realized, and the cost of the power management module of the capacitor generator is reduced to the maximum degree, and the conversion efficiency of the power management module of the capacitor generator is improved to the maximum degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of capacitive generators, in particular to a power management system of a capacitive generator.
Background
The capacitive generator is a generic term for a power generation device with a capacitive structure, and includes a triboelectric generator (TEG) based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction effects, a piezoelectric generator (PEG) based on piezoelectric effect, and a Dielectric Elastomer Generator (DEG) based on dielectric deformation. Structurally, the three generators comprise an electrode part and a dielectric insulating material part, and the capacitance of the generator is changed under the action of external force, so that electric energy is output. Due to its special structure, the capacitive generator has a much higher output and efficiency than a conventional electromagnetic generator under low frequency mechanical drive. Therefore, the capacitive generator can efficiently convert environmental low-frequency mechanical energy such as vibration energy, sliding energy, rotation energy, wind energy, water drop kinetic energy and even sound into electric energy to meet the social demand on energy, and has great potential and application value in the aspects of energy supply of internet-of-things distributed sensors and energy supply of wearable equipment.
However, the practical application and commercialization process of capacitive generators is largely limited by their unique output characteristics, namely high voltage (hundreds to tens of thousands of volts), low current and low charge properties. The daily electronic equipment only needs low voltage of 1.5-12V and relatively large current. It can be seen that the energy utilization efficiency of the capacitive generator is extremely low when it is used in direct drive electronics. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a novel and efficient power management scheme aiming at the characteristics of the capacitive generator to match the requirements of the capacitive generator and the electronic device, so as to improve the energy utilization efficiency thereof, thereby effectively promoting the capability thereof in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of low energy utilization efficiency when a capacitive generator directly drives electronic equipment in the prior art, the invention provides a power supply management system of the capacitive generator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a power management system for a capacitive generator comprises a spark discharge switch and a converter; the electric energy output by the capacitor type generator is converted by the spark discharge switch and the converter and then output to the load.
Preferably, the device further comprises a rectifying circuit; the capacitive generator comprises a friction generator, a piezoelectric generator and a dielectric elastomer generator; the rectifier circuit includes a full-wave rectifier circuit or a half-wave rectifier circuit.
Preferably, the device further comprises a first capacitor connected with the spark discharge switch in parallel and used for storing extra charge of the capacitor type generator; and the withstand voltage of the first capacitor is greater than the peak voltage of the capacitor generator.
Preferably, the converter further comprises a first diode connected in parallel with the converter for tapping out residual energy stored in the converter.
Preferably, the structure of the electrodes at two ends of the spark discharge switch comprises a plate-to-plate structure, a needle point-to-flat needle point structure, a needle point-to-plate structure or a plate-to-needle point structure.
Preferably, an air gap is arranged between the electrodes at the two ends of the spark discharge switch, so that the accumulation and the quick release of energy are realized.
Preferably, the breakdown voltage of the spark discharge switch is smaller than the maximum output voltage of the capacitor generator, so as to ensure the conduction of the spark discharge switch.
Preferably, the magnetic core of the converter is sized according to the output energy value of the capacitive generator for one cycle:
equation (1) APCaculationRepresenting the product of the area of the magnetic core of the transducer; ecycleRepresenting an output energy value of the capacitive generator for one cycle; j represents the current density, KuRepresenting window utilization and Δ B representing flux swing.
Preferably, the number of turns of the converter is designed to be:
in the formula (2), Np1Denotes the number of primary turns of the first transformer, E 1Represents a maximum periodic input energy of the first transformer; n is a radical ofp2Representing a second transformerNumber of primary turns, E 2Represents the maximum periodic input energy of the second transformer;
represents a scaling factor; n represents a transformation ratio of the transformer; ns denotes the number of turns of the secondary winding of the transformer.
The invention also provides a device comprising a power management system of the capacitive generator.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the power management system of the capacitive generator is novel in design, simple in structure and extremely low in cost. The design of the spark discharge switch enables the generator to instantaneously turn on the switch when the peak voltage is reached, and the initial low frequency output of the generator is converted into high frequency output. The magnetic core selection and the number of turns of the converter are selected, so that the converter with matched parameters is determined. The system has low leakage current, high energy accumulation efficiency and full voltage range practicability, and further improves the effective energy output and application range of the capacitive generator;
on the other hand, the electromagnetic converter is designed by using periodic output energy, so that the standard design and preparation of the transformer and the inductor for efficiently converting the electrostatic energy are realized, and the cost of the power management module of the capacitor generator is reduced to the maximum extent, and the conversion efficiency of the power management module of the capacitor generator is improved to the maximum extent.
After power management, the generator has high output current, output charge and output power in the atmospheric environment, so that the generator has great potential in the aspects of driving large electronic equipment, effectively collecting low-frequency energy, applying in large size, providing a high-power self-powered system and the like.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power management system for a capacitive generator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D are schematic structural views of spark discharge switches according to exemplary embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an air gap versus breakdown voltage for a spark-discharge switch electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a TEG-based power management system according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D show TEG area of 100cm according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention2Schematic diagram of time-dependent output data.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a power management system for a capacitor generator, which is used for providing a stable output voltage for a load, and comprises a capacitor generator 10, a rectifying circuit 20 and a power management circuit, wherein the power management circuit comprises a spark discharge switch 40 and a converter 60 which are connected in series. Namely, the current generated by the capacitor generator 10 is rectified by the rectifying circuit 20 and then input into the power management circuit.
In the present embodiment, the capacitive generator 10 includes a friction generator, a piezoelectric generator, a dielectric elastomer generator, and the like.
In this embodiment, the rectifying circuit 20 includes a full-wave rectifying bridge or a half-wave rectifying bridge, and is used to connect between the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the capacitive generator 10. And the diode used in the rectifying circuit 20 is a high voltage tolerant diode with the model number of 2CL77 and the tolerant voltage of 20 kV. The capacitor generator 10 can generate an ultra-high stable voltage after half-wave rectification of the high-voltage diode. For higher voltages, multiple high voltage diodes may be used in series. The number of the high voltage tolerant diodes in the rectifying circuit 20 is determined by the breakdown voltage of the spark discharge switch 40 and the diode withstand voltage, and the voltage magnitude order is that the breakdown voltage of the diode > the peak voltage of the capacitor generator 10 > the on-state voltage of the spark discharge switch. When the withstand voltage is lower than the breakdown voltage, a plurality of diodes can be connected in series to increase the overall withstand voltage, so that the damage of the diodes is avoided, and the normal operation of the power management system is ensured.
In this embodiment, in order to store the extra charge of the capacitor generator 10 in motion and increase the output energy, a first capacitor 30, i.e. a buffer capacitor, is disposed at the output end of the rectifying circuit 20 and connected in parallel with the power management circuit. The first capacitor 30 is a high voltage resistant capacitor, the withstand voltage is required to be greater than the peak voltage of the capacitive generator 10, and the additional electric charge generated during the movement of the capacitive generator 10 can be stored, so that the air breakdown phenomenon of the capacitive generator 10 is avoided. The size of the buffer capacitor 30 varies with the peak voltage of the capacitor generator 10, for example 25pF for a generator with a peak voltage of 7 kV.
In the present embodiment, a first diode 50 is disposed after the spark discharge switch 40 and connected in parallel with the converter 60, for extracting the residual energy stored in the converter 60, so as to further improve the energy transfer efficiency. The first diode 50 model can be RF3000, and the leakage current of this diode is small, ensuring less energy loss.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D, the spark discharge switch 40 may be a conventional gas discharge tube SDT and a conventional semiconductor discharge tube TSS. The spark discharge switch 40 is a symmetrical structure, and comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the electrode is made of metal; the first electrode structure may be a plate or a pin point, and the second electrode structure may also be a plate or a pin point, i.e., the structure of the spark discharge switch 40 includes a plate-to-plate (fig. 2A), a plate-to-pin point (fig. 2B), a pin-to-plate (fig. 2C), and a pin-to-pin point (fig. 2D). The spark-over switch of the plate-to-plate configuration has been tested to have minimal leakage current, and therefore the spark-over switch 40 is preferably constructed plate-to-plate.
An air gap is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode of the spark discharge switch 40, so that the accumulation and rapid release processes of energy are realized. Different switching voltages and energy accumulation efficiencies can be obtained by adjusting the size of the air gap and the electrodes, and the breakdown voltage of the spark discharge switch 40 needs to be less than the maximum output voltage of the capacitive generator 10.
As shown in fig. 3, a represents the variation of the output energy with the size of the air gap, and B represents the variation of the breakdown voltage with the size of the air gap. It can be seen that the breakdown voltage of the spark discharge switch 40 is determined by its air gap, i.e. the larger the air gap, the greater the breakdown voltage. When the voltage output by the capacitor generator 10 reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark discharge switch 40, the spark discharge switch 40 is instantaneously turned on, and different starting voltages are set by setting the interval, so that the capacitor generator is suitable for general application and achieves wider application.
In this embodiment, the converter 60 may adopt a transformer or an inductor, and the converter 60 converts the voltage conducted by the spark discharge switch 40, and then outputs the converted voltage to the load after stabilizing the voltage through the second diode 70 and the voltage stabilizing circuit 80. The second diode 70 has a very small leakage current. When the converter 60 is a transformer, the number of primary turns N of the first transformerp1And maximum periodic input energy E 1For known parameters, when the transformer needs to be replaced, the number of turns can be set by the following formula:
in the formula (1), Np1Primary turns of a first transformer, E, representing a known parameter 1Represents a maximum periodic input energy of the first transformer; n is a radical ofp2Denotes the number of primary turns of the second transformer, E 2Represents the maximum periodic input energy of the second transformer;
representing the proportionality coefficient, taking the range of 0.5-1.5; n represents a transformation ratio of the transformer; ns denotes the number of turns of the secondary winding of the transformer.
The size of the magnetic core in the converter 60 is based on the output energy value E of one cycle of the capacitive generator 10cycleTo select:
equation (2) APCaculationRepresenting the product of the magnetic core areas; ecycleRepresents the output energy value of the capacitive generator 10 for one cycle; j represents a current density; kuThe window utilization rate is represented, the range is 0.3-0.4, and generally 0.3 is taken; the delta B represents the flux swing and is typically 0.2-0.3.
The converter 60 is designed by using the periodic output energy of the capacitive generator 10, so that the standard design and preparation of the transformer and the inductor for efficiently converting the electrostatic energy are realized, and the cost of a power management module of the capacitive generator is reduced to the maximum extent, and the conversion efficiency of the power management module of the capacitive generator is improved to the maximum extent.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the capacitor generator 10 generates a high voltage during operation, and when the voltage is greater than the breakdown voltage of the spark discharge switch 40, the spark discharge switch 40 is triggered to instantaneously turn on the switch, so that the low frequency output of the capacitor generator 10 is converted into a high frequency output, the magnetic flux of the converter is instantaneously changed, the output voltage is reduced, the output charge and the current are increased, and the energy is efficiently transmitted to the load.
The capacitive generator 10 generates an ultra-high voltage, turns on the spark discharge switch 40, and the pulse energy is immediately converted to the load by the converter 60. When the capacitive generator 10 starts to work, the electrodes of the capacitive generator are in contact with the insulating dielectric film and respectively carry equal-quantity different-sign charges, the electrodes move away from the insulating dielectric film under the action of external force, the capacitive generator 10 generates large voltage along with the increase of the distance, and after half-wave rectification is carried out by the rectifying circuit 20, extra charges can be stored in the buffer capacitor 30; as the electrode separation distance of the capacitor generator 10 is further increased until the breakdown voltage of the spark discharge switch 40 is reached, and thus the switch is turned on, the energy of the capacitor generator 10 and the energy of the buffer capacitor 30 are released very quickly, and then are further efficiently converted by the converter 60 to output a large current, a large charge, and a low voltage. When the spark discharge switch 40 is turned on instantaneously and then turned off, the remaining energy in the converter 60 forms a charge reflux through the first diode 50.
As shown in fig. 4, the reliability of the power management system is verified by using a TEG in the present invention, which includes an upper electrode, a lower electrode and an insulating dielectric film between the electrodes, wherein the size of the insulating dielectric film should be larger than the size of the upper electrode and the lower electrode to prevent edge air breakdown. The electrodes of the TEG can be set to be round electrodes to effectively avoid the electric breakdown of the electrodes on the dielectric film, and the converter adopts a transformer.
In order to better generate large voltage to improve output energy, the rectification circuit adopts a half-wave rectification bridge, the model of the high-voltage diode is 2CL77, the endurance voltage of the high-voltage diode is 20kV, and a plurality of high-voltage diodes can be connected in series for higher voltage. The spark discharge switch 40 is of a plate-to-plate structure, with a diameter ratio of 12 mm: 14 mm.
To test the output performance of the generator, the generator was driven in a simple harmonic vibration mode with a linear motor (LINMOT E1200-P01) while the generator output performance was measured with a GiTIMELY electrometer (Keithley 6514).
As shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D, the area of the TEG was 100cm2Graph of the output data of time. FIG. 5A the TEG can output current above 20mA at 1Hz drive frequency with the power management of the present invention; FIG. 5B is a TEG without power management of the present invention with an output current of 90 μ A at a drive frequency of 1 Hz. FIG. 5c shows the output voltage after power management of the present invention at 1Hz driving frequency, the converter is a transformer with a primary winding set at 3000 turns and an overall interval of 13V to 250V with increasing secondary winding and increasing output voltage; fig. 5d is the output voltage of the generator without power management of the present invention, which can reach a maximum of 7500V. Therefore, the power management of the invention can greatly improve the output of the generatorAnd the current is output, and the ultrahigh voltage of the generator is reduced. The output of the generator after the power management of the invention can be close to or even matched with the electronic equipment.
Through tests, the generator directly drives 100 parallel LED lamps with the diameter of 10mm in black and white environments respectively to emit dazzling white light; meanwhile, 9 parallel LED lamps with high power and 10 watts can be driven, bright light is emitted, and objects around the lamps are illuminated; a capacitance of 2mF can be charged from 0V to 6.3V in 60 cycles, and a capacitance of 220 uf is charged from 0V to 8.45V in 9 cycles, exhibiting a very considerable output charge and a very fast charging speed.
By adopting the scheme, the power management structure design of the invention enables the generator to output large current and large charge in a low-frequency contact separation driving mode. The output is significantly greater than that of a conventional TEG, and the structure is simple.
Based on the power management system of the capacitive generator, the electrical equipment with the power management system arranged therein is also provided, and the electrical equipment comprises portable power supply electronic equipment, an environmental mechanical energy collecting device (for example, the device is a sole, a tire, a wind-driven rotating machine and a raindrop energy collector) or a self-driven sensor.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (10)
1. A power management system of a capacitive generator is characterized by comprising a spark discharge switch and a converter; the electric energy output by the capacitor type generator is converted by the spark discharge switch and the converter and then output to the load.
2. The power management system of a capacitive generator of claim 1, further comprising a rectifier circuit; the rectification circuit comprises a full-wave rectification circuit or a half-wave rectification circuit; the capacitive generator includes a triboelectric generator, a piezoelectric generator, and a dielectric elastomer generator.
3. The power management system of claim 1, further comprising a first capacitor connected in parallel with the spark discharge switch for storing additional charge of the capacitive generator; and the withstand voltage of the first capacitor is greater than the peak voltage of the capacitor generator.
4. The power management system of claim 1, further comprising a first diode connected in parallel with the converter for diverting the remaining energy stored in the converter.
5. The power management system of claim 1, wherein the structure of the electrodes at the two ends of the spark discharge switch comprises plate-to-plate, needle-to-flat needle, needle-to-plate, or plate-to-needle.
6. The power management system of claim 1, wherein an air gap is provided between the electrodes at the two ends of the spark discharge switch to allow for energy accumulation and rapid release.
7. The power management system of claim 1, wherein the breakdown voltage of the spark-discharge switch is less than the maximum output voltage of the capacitor generator to ensure the spark-discharge switch is turned on.
8. The power management system of claim 1, wherein the magnetic core of the converter is sized according to the output energy of the capacitive generator for one cycle by:
equation (1) APCaculationRepresenting the product of the area of the magnetic core of the transducer; ecycleRepresenting an output energy value of the capacitive generator for one cycle; j represents the current density, KuRepresenting window utilization and Δ B representing flux swing.
9. The power management system of a capacitive generator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the number of turns of said converter is designed to:
in the formula (2), Np1Denotes the number of primary turns of the first transformer, E 1Represents a maximum periodic input energy of the first transformer; n is a radical ofp2Denotes the number of primary turns of the second transformer, E 2Represents the maximum periodic input energy of the second transformer;
represents a scaling factor; n represents a transformation ratio of the transformer; ns denotes the number of turns of the secondary winding of the transformer.
10. An apparatus comprising a power management system for a capacitive generator according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202011229820.XA CN112332516A (en) | 2020-11-06 | 2020-11-06 | Power management system of capacitive generator |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114963607A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-30 | 广西大学 | Temperature change device with self-power supply capability |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114963607A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-30 | 广西大学 | Temperature change device with self-power supply capability |
| CN114963607B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-06-27 | 广西大学 | Temperature-changing device with self-power supply capability |
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