CN112331415A - High vacuum annealing process for armored thermocouple and armored lead - Google Patents

High vacuum annealing process for armored thermocouple and armored lead Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112331415A
CN112331415A CN202011303852.XA CN202011303852A CN112331415A CN 112331415 A CN112331415 A CN 112331415A CN 202011303852 A CN202011303852 A CN 202011303852A CN 112331415 A CN112331415 A CN 112331415A
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Prior art keywords
armored
starting
pump
temperature
vacuum
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CN202011303852.XA
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Inventor
栾宇光
赵汉杰
贾天岭
姜勇
马国军
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Shenyang Yuguang Temperature Instrument Co ltd
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Shenyang Yuguang Temperature Instrument Co ltd
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Priority to CN202011303852.XA priority Critical patent/CN112331415A/en
Publication of CN112331415A publication Critical patent/CN112331415A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/0016—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high vacuum annealing process of an armored thermocouple and an armored lead, which comprises the following steps: a: preparing a system and equipment; b: completing PLD programming (completing system preparation and system conditions), closing a main power supply, charging, lifting a furnace cover in place, starting a circulating water system, starting a control gas source and a pneumatic valve system, starting an instrument and a control system, starting a vacuum system, starting a rotary vane pump and starting a roots pump; c: starting a diffusion pump when the condition is met, putting the diffusion pump into a heating system when the vacuum degree is reached, keeping the temperature for a period of time when the temperature reaches a set temperature according to a temperature rising curve, and finally cooling; d: and when the temperature reaches 50 ℃, stopping the furnace, taking materials, and stopping the systems. The armored thermocouple and the armored lead annealed in high vacuum are bright in surface, no pockmark exists under a microscope, the voltage resistance of the wire-to-wire armored body generally can reach more than 2000V, the insulation resistance generally can reach 20G and can reach more than 100G at most, the armored thermocouple and the armored lead are bent, and the armored body is not cracked.

Description

High vacuum annealing process for armored thermocouple and armored lead
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of annealing processes, in particular to a high-vacuum annealing process for an armored thermocouple and an armored lead.
Background
The armoured cable is made up by using different material conductors and placing them in a metal sleeve with insulating material, and making them into a flexible and firm combined body. The armored cable comprises an armored thermocouple, an armored thermal resistor, an armored heater and an armored lead wire, and is mainly used for temperature measurement, signal transmission and special heating of chemical engineering, metallurgy, mechanical manufacturing, power generation, scientific experiments and the like.
In the production process of the armored thermocouple and the armored lead, the processing hardness can be generated through drawing for 3 to 4 times, and the armor body or the wire core can be broken through drawing for too many times. Therefore, heat treatment annealing is required to reduce the hardness when the steel is drawn again; the usual methods of annealing sheathed thermocouple and sheathed wires, commonly known as tube or tank furnace treatments, suffer from several drawbacks, including rapid oxidation of the surface to ash or black when the sheathed material is burned in the atmosphere; dirt in the armor body comprises residual grease, sweat stain, moisture (humidity) and various harmful gases which cannot be thoroughly removed, and free carbon generated by organic substances at high temperature can reduce the insulation resistance of the armored thermocouple; in order to beautify the appearance of most products, the armor needs to be pickled, pits can be obviously seen under a microscope after pickling, if an acid containing chloride ions is selected, pitting corrosion or pitting corrosion can be caused on austenitic stainless steel to generate micropores, and the toughness of the armor is reduced and the bending resistance is also reduced due to the immersion of oxidation or nitrogen molecules; since the immersion of acid particles in magnesium oxide can seriously affect the insulation resistance of the sheathed wire, a more ideal heat treatment method needs to be studied, and a high vacuum annealing process for sheathed thermocouples and sheathed wires is proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the conventional heat treatment in the heating process of an armored thermocouple or an armored lead, and provides a high vacuum annealing process of the armored thermocouple and the armored lead.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the high vacuum annealing process of the armored thermocouple and the armored lead comprises the following steps:
a: system, device preparation: the device comprises a high vacuum annealing furnace body, a vacuum pumping system, a cooling water system, an electrical system, an air pumping, exhausting and inflating system and an electric control and instrument system;
b: completing PLD programming (completing system preparation and system conditions), closing a main power supply, charging, lifting a furnace cover in place, starting a circulating water system, starting a control gas source and a pneumatic valve system, starting an instrument and a control system, starting a vacuum system, starting a rotary vane pump and starting a roots pump;
c: starting a diffusion pump when the condition is met, putting the diffusion pump into a heating system when the vacuum degree is reached, heating according to a heating curve, keeping the temperature for a period of time when the set temperature is reached, and finally cooling;
d: and when the temperature reaches 50 ℃, stopping the furnace, taking materials, and stopping the systems.
Preferably, the furnace body of the high vacuum annealing furnace in the step A comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover, a material frame, a heater, a heat shield and a circulating fan;
the vacuum pumping system comprises a rotary vane vacuum pump, a roots pump and a diffusion pump;
the cooling water system comprises a working pump, a standby pump and a standby power supply;
the electric system comprises a heating main transformer and a silicon controlled rectifier voltage regulator;
the air pumping, exhausting and inflating system comprises various pipe valves, a pneumatic electromagnetic valve, a compressed air and argon and nitrogen inflating system;
the electric control and instrument system comprises a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a PID temperature regulator (comprising a temperature curve setting system), control relays and contactors of various motors, and various instruments comprise voltage, current, pressure gauges, gauge tubes, digital vacuum gauges, temperature recorders and control dials.
Preferably, the rotary vane pump is started in the step B, when the furnace pressure reaches 800pa, the diffusion pump is preheated, the starting of the roots pump is delayed by 10Min, and then the main path valve and the diffusion pump are opened for vacuum pumping.
Preferably, the vacuum degree in the furnace body when the heating system is put into the step C is Pa.
Preferably, the temperature rise curve in step C is programmed in advance in step a.
Preferably, the cooling manner of the temperature in the step D to 50 ℃ includes natural cooling and air cooling controlled cooling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. under the condition of high temp. and vacuum, it can make various filth materials be gasified and the harmful gases of moisture, etc. be completely discharged.
2. The vacuum environment is anaerobic, so the armor body is not oxidized, the surface of the armor body is not grayed or blacked, a subsequent acid washing step is not needed, and the strength of the armor body is ensured.
3. The armored thermocouple without various filth has high physical and chemical stability, high dielectric strength and high insulation resistance.
4. The surface of the armor is bright, no oxidation and no nitriding are generated, and the strength and the toughness of the armor are ideal.
5. Inert gas (argon) may be filled into the armor as necessary to render the micropores inactive with respect to the active particles.
6. The armored thermocouple and the armored lead annealed in high vacuum have bright surface, no pockmark under a microscope, the voltage resistance of the armor between wires and the wire pair can reach more than 2000V generally, and the insulation resistance can reach 20G and can reach more than 100G at most.
7. The armored thermocouple and the armored lead are bent, and the armor body is not cracked; the armor body is flattened to 1/4D, and the product performance is still intact.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a high vacuum annealing process for an armored thermocouple and an armored wire according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the high vacuum annealing process of the armored thermocouple and the armored lead comprises the following steps:
a: system, device preparation: the device comprises a high vacuum annealing furnace body, a vacuum pumping system, a cooling water system, an electrical system, an air pumping, exhausting and inflating system and an electric control and instrument system;
b: completing PLD programming (completing system preparation and system conditions), closing a main power supply, charging, lifting a furnace cover in place, starting a circulating water system, starting a control gas source and a pneumatic valve system, starting an instrument and a control system, starting a vacuum system, starting a rotary vane pump and starting a roots pump;
c: starting a diffusion pump when the condition is met, putting the diffusion pump into a heating system when the vacuum degree is reached, heating according to a heating curve, keeping the temperature for a period of time when the set temperature is reached, and finally cooling;
d: and when the temperature reaches 50 ℃, stopping the furnace, taking materials, and stopping the systems.
Preferably, the furnace body of the high vacuum annealing furnace in the step A comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover, a material frame, a heater, a heat shield and a circulating fan; the vacuum pumping system comprises a rotary vane vacuum pump, a roots pump and a diffusion pump; the cooling water system comprises a working pump, a standby pump and a standby power supply; the electric system comprises a heating main transformer and a silicon controlled rectifier voltage regulator; the air pumping, exhausting and inflating system comprises various pipe valves, a pneumatic electromagnetic valve, a compressed air and argon and nitrogen inflating system;
the electric control and instrument system comprises a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a PID temperature regulator (comprising a temperature curve setting system), control relays and contactors of various motors, and various instruments comprise voltage, current, pressure gauges, gauge tubes, digital vacuum gauges, temperature recorders and control dials. And further, starting the rotary vane pump in the step B, preheating the diffusion pump, starting the roots pump for 10Min, and then opening the main path valve and the diffusion pump for vacuumizing when the furnace pressure reaches 800 pa.
Further, when the heating system is put into the step C, the vacuum degree in the furnace body is required to reach Pa, the temperature rise curve in the step C is programmed and set in advance in the step A, and the mode of cooling the temperature in the step D to 50 ℃ comprises natural cooling and air cooling control cooling;
the following requirements should be noted in the process: selecting heat-resistant metal (such as pure nickel wire) with good ductility to replace a copper wire so as to solve the problem of grain growth and slag formation in the annealing process of the stainless steel armor, so that the armor and a new wire have compatibility; removing various impurities such as residual moisture, oil, carbon particles and the like in the stainless steel armor pipe under high temperature and high vacuum, so that the final armor wire has excellent stability performance including extremely high insulation resistance; determining a proper annealing process, namely a reasonable temperature parameter and a control curve according to the hardness required by the product; an argon filling process is carried out according to the requirement of the product so as to improve the stability and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the product; selecting a heat treatment system (high vacuum annealing furnace) with excellent performance, wherein the vacuum degree can reach 10-3Pa magnitude order; according to the requirement, the temperature can be reduced at a medium speed (argon medium or air cooling) or at a slow speed (natural temperature reduction).
Example (b):
the first step is as follows: setting a PID temperature regulator and PLD programming according to the requirements of annealing materials, and preparing a high-vacuum annealing furnace body, a vacuum pumping system, a cooling water system, an electric system, an air pumping, exhausting and inflating system and an electric control and instrument system;
the second step is that: the method comprises the following steps of completing system inspection, switching in a main power supply, switching in a voltage regulator and a control panel power supply, starting a pneumatic system of an air compressor, switching in an inflation system and completing various devices; opening a furnace cover to finish charging, lifting the furnace cover to the proper position, opening an air release valve, starting a rotary vane pump, preheating a diffusion pump and simultaneously starting a roots pump when the furnace pressure reaches 800pa, and opening a main path valve and the diffusion pump to carry out vacuum pumping after heating for 60 minutes;
the third step: when the vacuum in the furnace reaches Pa, the furnace is put into a heating system, the heating system can gradually heat the material according to a preset temperature curve, and after the heating is finished, medium-speed (argon medium or air cooling) or slow-speed cooling (natural cooling) can be carried out as required;
the fourth step: when the temperature reaches 50 ℃, the furnace is opened to take out the materials, and the system is stopped.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The high vacuum annealing process of the armored thermocouple and the armored lead is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a: system, device preparation: the device comprises a high vacuum annealing furnace body, a vacuum pumping system, a cooling water system, an electrical system, an air pumping, exhausting and inflating system and an electric control and instrument system;
b: completing PLD programming (completing system preparation and system conditions), closing a main power supply, charging, lifting a furnace cover in place, starting a circulating water system, starting a control gas source and a pneumatic valve system, starting an instrument and a control system, starting a vacuum system, starting a rotary vane pump and starting a roots pump;
c: starting the diffusion pump when the conditions are reached; when the vacuum degree reaches, putting into a heating system, heating according to a heating curve, keeping the temperature for a period of time when reaching the set temperature, and finally cooling;
d: and when the temperature reaches 50 ℃, stopping the furnace, taking materials, and stopping the systems.
2. The armored thermocouple and armored wire high vacuum annealing process according to claim 1, wherein the furnace body of the high vacuum annealing furnace in step a comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover, a material frame, a heater, a heat shield and a circulating fan;
the vacuum pumping system comprises a rotary vane vacuum pump, a roots pump and a diffusion pump;
the cooling water system comprises a working pump, a standby pump and a standby power supply;
the electric system comprises a heating main transformer and a silicon controlled rectifier voltage regulator;
the air pumping, exhausting and inflating system comprises various pipe valves, a pneumatic electromagnetic valve, a compressed air and argon and nitrogen inflating system;
the electric control and instrument system comprises a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a PID temperature regulator (including a temperature curve setting system), control relays and contactors of various motors, and various instruments comprise voltage, current, pressure gauges, gauge tubes, digital vacuum meters, temperature recorders and control dials.
3. The armored thermocouple and armored lead wire high vacuum annealing process according to claim 1, wherein the rotary vane pump is started in step B, and when the furnace pressure reaches 800pa, the diffusion pump is preheated, and the starting of the roots pump is delayed by 10Min, and then the main valve and the diffusion pump are opened for vacuum pumping.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the degree of vacuum in the furnace body is adjusted to the level required for the introduction of the heating system in step C
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Pa。
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the temperature ramp profile of step C is pre-programmed in step a.
6. The armored thermocouple and armored wire high vacuum annealing process according to claim 1, wherein the manner of cooling the temperature in step D to 50 ℃ comprises natural cooling and air-cooled controlled cooling.
CN202011303852.XA 2020-11-19 2020-11-19 High vacuum annealing process for armored thermocouple and armored lead Pending CN112331415A (en)

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CN202011303852.XA CN112331415A (en) 2020-11-19 2020-11-19 High vacuum annealing process for armored thermocouple and armored lead

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011303852.XA CN112331415A (en) 2020-11-19 2020-11-19 High vacuum annealing process for armored thermocouple and armored lead

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112331415A true CN112331415A (en) 2021-02-05

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