CN112330416A - Design method of rail transit vehicle product - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design method of a rail transit vehicle product, which is characterized in that a demand template of each vehicle type is constructed, and customer demands of an order are collected on the basis of the demand template and are used as input of the product design. And acquiring a demand parameter value according to the demand, taking out a subdivision variable for product platform positioning from the demand parameter value, and performing platform positioning according to a product platform positioning rule so as to position the order product to a certain product platform. And then, according to a requirement-module mapping rule, mapping the requirement instance parameters into attribute parameter values of modules on the main structure of the product platform, and taking the attribute parameter values as input of subsequent product design. And matching product examples in a product example range of a product platform according to the value of the product part attribute parameters obtained by demand mapping to obtain reusable product examples, and entering a product modularization customization design flow after the configuration of the product examples fails, so that the rapid product customization design based on the customer demands is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vehicle product design method, in particular to a rail transit vehicle product design method.
Background
With the declaration and opening of more and more subway lines in China, the subway market evolves from the traditional relatively stable type to the dynamic multi-variant type, the current subway vehicle manufacturing industry is changed from a mass production mode to a large-scale customization mode, how to quickly respond to diversified customer demands and develop high-quality products with lower cost and shorter design period become a major strategic subject of competitive development of the subway vehicle manufacturing enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to quickly respond to diversified customer requirements, the invention provides a rail transit vehicle product design method, which is characterized in that the customer requirements of an order are collected as the input of product design by constructing requirement templates of various vehicle types and taking the requirement templates as the basis. And acquiring a demand parameter value according to the demand, taking out a subdivision variable for product platform positioning from the demand parameter value, and performing platform positioning according to a product platform positioning rule so as to position the order product to a certain product platform. And then, according to a requirement-module mapping rule, mapping the requirement instance parameters into attribute parameter values of modules on the main structure of the product platform, and taking the attribute parameter values as input of subsequent product design. And matching product examples in a product example range of a product platform according to the value of the product part attribute parameters obtained by demand mapping to obtain reusable product examples, and entering a product modularization customization design flow after the configuration of the product examples fails, so that the rapid product customization design based on the customer demands is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the design method of a rail transit vehicle product provided by the invention mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1, demand collection; the method comprises the steps of acquiring customer requirements of an order as input of product design by constructing a requirement template of each vehicle type and taking the requirement template as a basis;
and 4, according to the value of the product part attribute parameters obtained by the demand mapping, matching the product examples in the product example range of a certain product platform to obtain reusable product examples. When no product instance which can be reused exists, the product modularization customized design is entered.
Preferably, the product modular custom design comprises: overall scheme design, component modular configuration design and overall integrated design; wherein, the overall scheme design includes: layout design, wherein module composition, quantity, position information and the like of a product or a subsystem are designed; designing key parameters, and setting or calculating key geometric parameters, performance parameters and the like of each module in a product or a subsystem; designing interfaces, namely designing the interface types, the interface parameters and the like among the large subsystems and in the subsystems;
preferably, the component modular configuration design comprises:
module configuration design, namely taking example parameters obtained by the design of a flow upstream module, demand parameters of a module i to be configured and parameters determined in the design of a total scheme as input, assigning values to the configuration parameters of the module i to be configured, and performing the module configuration design by adopting a method based on example reasoning (CBR);
module modification design, wherein if the inference of the module instance needing configuration is not successful, namely a reusable module instance is not obtained, the module i is subjected to modification design; on the basis of the basic module, obtaining a new module example by modifying the structure or the size of the module, and expanding the new module example to a module example set; according to the constraint relation defined by the configuration rule, the new module instance will continuously influence the configuration design of the subsequent module;
the new module is customized and designed, the instance parameters of the upstream module of the process and the requirement parameters of the new module are used as input parameters, and the new module is designed and modeled according to the input parameters to obtain the instance parameters of the new module; and after the new module is designed, updating the product modular structure tree, the module instance, the product main structure, the configuration knowledge, the demand template and the flow template.
Preferably, after the component modular configuration design is finished, the overall integrated design is carried out, the three-dimensional models of the component modules are assembled into a whole vehicle model by adopting a framework-based assembly method, and the product configuration scheme is evaluated.
When a new product is designed facing the order demand, the current rail transit vehicle host machine factories organize the design process according to the experience of designers and design the product, and the design knowledge reuse, the normalization of the design process organization, the rationality and the like are all insufficient, so that the design modification is repeated, the efficiency is low, the design quality is uneven, and the quality and the cost of the product are difficult to control. Aiming at the new product design of the rail transit vehicle based on the product platform, the invention provides a systematic design method, which takes process control as a core and realizes the whole design process from the order requirement to the total integration of final products. The invention can realize quick response to diversified customer requirements and develop products with higher quality with lower cost and shorter design period. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) aiming at the design problem of rail transit vehicle products based on a product platform, a set of systematic and demand-driven customized design method is analyzed and provided, and on the basis of various modules divided and constructed in the product platform, the design is guided by adopting a clear design process, so that the design is prevented from being involved in repeated modification and the design efficiency is reduced.
2) When the product instance is matched and the component modules are configured, the configuration design method based on the instance reasoning is adopted, so that the existing research and development data can be effectively reused, the product design quality can be ensured, and the product cost can be reduced.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates three modes of demand collection for rail transit vehicles;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a demand mapping;
FIG. 3 is a design flow template of a subway product;
FIG. 4 is a component modular configuration design concept;
FIG. 5 is a skeleton-based assembly method;
FIG. 6 is a skeletal model of a bogie;
fig. 7 is a truck-mounting model.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of some embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features and technical solutions thereof may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
The invention provides a design method of a rail transit vehicle product, which mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1, demand collection; by constructing the demand templates of various vehicle types, the customer demands of a certain order are collected on the basis of the demand templates and used as the input of product design.
Specifically, a requirement template is constructed firstly; the bidding documents of the vehicle types such as locomotives, passenger cars, freight cars, motor cars, subways, monorail cars and the like are analyzed, and the requirement templates of various vehicle types are combed. During carding, according to different demand attributes, dividing the demands into adaptability demands (environmental adaptability, line adaptability and operation adaptability), safety demands (active safety and passive safety), comfort demands (riding environment and riding feeling), environmental protection demands (vehicle exterior noise, environmental vibration, electromagnetic radiation, material environmental protection and energy consumption), RAMS demands (reliability, maintainability and usability), and economic demands (production economy, operation economy and maintenance economy); in addition, according to the value difference of the demand parameters in the existing product examples, the demand is divided into a basic demand, a variable demand and an optional demand, wherein the basic demand has a unique value, the variable demand has an adjustable range, and the optional demand has a plurality of enumerated values.
In addition, when the requirements are combed, attention needs to be paid to that each requirement item is associated with a module object on a modular meta-structure tree in the product platform building process, namely each module object has a requirement template, and the requirement templates of each module object can be instantiated independently. The requirements template can be constructed as follows:
illustratively, the invention constructs the demand templates of the subway product level, the subway system level and the subway part level by analyzing and combing the bidding conditions of the subway products of the enterprises in the above way. Wherein, the demand template of the order product level of the subway is shown as the following table:
unlike product-level requirements, the requirement information of the system and the components includes technical parameters (technical requirements) determined by the overall or upper system designer, such as type, size, performance, material and other attribute information, in addition to the order requirements (customer requirements). Illustratively, the present invention provides the requirements template portion results for a subway order truck as shown in the following table:
and after the requirement template is constructed, the requirement acquisition can be carried out. Based on the requirement templates of various vehicle types, when a new order comes, the order requirement can be acquired by adopting three modes: and referring to the past requirement example, filling requirements based on a requirement template, and adding requirement parameters of a new module. Wherein:
1) refer to past examples of requirements
The product requirement instance library has the former order requirement instance of the same vehicle type, and the new order requirement collection can refer to the order requirement instance to carry out requirement parameter assignment (which can be changed after assignment).
2) Demand fill based on demand template
If no similar requirement example exists, requirement filling can be directly carried out on the basis of the requirement template. And filling in different modes according to different types of requirements. The basic requirements can give suggested values, and the salespersons/customers can change the values; the variable demand gives value range constraint, and the salesperson/client can fill in the constraint range; the optional requirements are then given a number of predefined enumerated values from which the customer can choose.
3) New module demand parameter addition
Some orders may need to add new modules to realize personalized functions, so that new module nodes and requirement items for creating new modules may need to be added during requirement collection, and then the salesperson/customer fills in requirement parameter values.
Illustratively, three ways of acquiring the order requirement of a subway in the invention are shown in fig. 1. Meanwhile, on the basis of a subway requirement template, when a new order comes, the three modes of requirement acquisition (referring to a previous requirement example, requirement filling based on the requirement template and new module requirement parameter addition) are adopted to acquire the requirement example of the new order, and the invention exemplarily provides the product-level requirement example of the subway order as shown in the following table:
The method comprises the steps of determining product types (locomotives, passenger cars, trucks, motor cars, subways, monorail cars and the like) aimed by a project when the project is created, further determining which product platform a product designed by the project belongs to under a certain type of product according to values of platform subdivision variables in acquired demand parameters on the basis of determining the product types, and planning an A-type subway product platform, a B-type subway product platform, an L-type subway product platform and a C-type subway product platform by taking a subway product as an example.
The positioning rules of the product platforms can be conveniently constructed according to the platform range description of each product platform. Illustratively, the platform range of the type a subway product platform is: the positioning rule of the product platform can be constructed by the following steps of (1) vehicle body type a, (80, 100, 120, 140) speed grade, (80, 100, 120, 140) vehicle body material, (aluminum alloy, stainless steel) and (DC 750, 1500) power supply system: if (the type of a vehicle body & & speed grade ∈ {80, 100, 120, 140} & & vehicle body material ∈ { aluminum alloy, stainless steel } & & power supply system ∈ { DC750, DC1500}), then (the product platform belongs to the type a subway product platform). The following table exemplarily gives the positioning rules for the platform of the subway product:
and taking out values of subdivision variables (different subdivision variables of different vehicle types) for positioning the product platform from the requirement example, and executing condition matching of the rules according to the positioning rules of the product platform so as to realize the positioning of the product platform.
Illustratively, as for the product-level demand example of the subway order, the vehicle body type, the speed grade, the vehicle body material, the current receiving mode and the power supply mode in the demand template are platform subdivision variables of the subway product platform. According to a demand example value acquired by demand, the type of the vehicle body is A, the speed grade is 80km/h, the vehicle body material is aluminum alloy, the current collection mode is pantograph current collection, and the power supply system is DC 1500V. And positioning the subway order product to an A-type subway product platform according to the positioning rule of the subway product platform.
And taking the collected requirement examples as input, and mapping the requirement parameters to the attribute parameters of the main structure module of the product platform by using a requirement-module mapping rule. It should be noted that the requirement that can be mapped to the module attribute parameter is only a part of requirements in the requirement example (i.e., the requirement that can directly determine the value of the module attribute parameter), and the other requirements are used as constraints (i.e., the value of the module attribute parameter cannot be directly determined and is subsequently used for checking whether the module design meets the requirements), such as the dynamic performance standard, the strength requirement, the noise requirement, and the like. A schematic diagram of the demand map is shown in fig. 2. The module attribute parameter values obtained through the requirement mapping are only part of attribute parameters of part of modules on the main structure of the product, and the values of the rest parameters are determined in the subsequent design process. After mapping the requirements to the module attribute parameters based on the mapping rules, the designer may also change the values of the module attribute parameters.
For the construction of the requirement-module mapping rule, the invention realizes the rapid conversion from the requirement to the module attribute parameter in the customized design based on the product platform by constructing the mapping relation between the customer requirement and the product module attribute parameter under different product platforms. According to different mapping modes, the mapping of the demand-module attribute can be divided into: direct mapping, function mapping, knowledge mapping. The definition is as follows:
direct mapping: the demand value is directly used as a mapping mode of the value of the module attribute parameter.
And (4) mapping a function: and converting the demand parameters into a mapping mode of module attribute parameters through function operation.
Knowledge mapping: according to design experience, the requirement parameters are converted into the mapping mode of module attribute parameters by using production rules (if < condition >, then < conclusion >).
According to the number of mapping variables, the mapping relationship between the requirements and the module attributes can be divided into: one-to-one mapping, one-to-many mapping, many-to-one mapping, many-to-many mapping.
For the mapping Rule, it can be expressed as Rule (coding, input _ requirement set, requirement category, output _ module attribute parameter set, associated module, mapping type, mapping Rule). And determining the mapping relation category and the specific mapping rule between the demand parameter and the module attribute parameter of a certain vehicle type through analyzing the relation between the demand parameter and the module attribute parameter. When the mapping rule is constructed, the input requirement set is selected from requirement templates of different vehicle types; the output module attribute parameter set is selected from the attribute parameter sets of each module node on the product main structure of the product platform. Illustratively, taking the above-mentioned a-type subway product platform as an example, the relationship between the demand parameters and the module attribute parameters in the product main structure is analyzed, and a demand-module mapping rule is constructed as shown in the following table:
the acquired requirement example parameters are mapped into attribute parameter values of modules on the main structure of the A-type subway product by adopting the constructed requirement-module mapping rule of the A-type subway product platform, so that the mapping from the requirement examples to the attribute parameters of the A-type subway product platform module is realized. Illustratively, the mapping of the attribute parameters of the demand instance in a subway order to the A-type subway product platform module is shown in the following table:
and 4, carrying out product instance matching in a product instance range of a certain product platform according to the value of the product part attribute parameters obtained by the demand mapping, and obtaining reusable product instances. When no product instance which can be reused exists, the product modularization customized design is entered.
Specifically, partial attribute parameter values describing the product are obtained through requirement mapping, the parameters are used as input, and in the product instance range of a certain product platform, a method Based on Case Based Reasoning (CBR) is adopted to match product instances so as to obtain reusable product instances.
The CBR is adopted to carry out product instance configuration, configuration parameters of a product need to be defined firstly, the configuration parameters are parameters for describing key performance, structure, interfaces and the like of the product, and specific parameter items can be determined according to actual needs. Different vehicle types may define different configuration parameter tables. When defining the product configuration parameters, a value rule of a certain configuration parameter needs to be specified, that is, the value of an instance of the certain configuration parameter is specified to be larger than or smaller than or equal to a target value. For example, the instance value for the maximum operating speed of the train instance must be greater than or equal to the target value for the maximum operating speed of the product to ensure that the selected product instance meets the operating requirements.
The following example matching process is performed using the example-based reasoning (CBR) approach:
1) attribute parameter similarity calculation
The product-level attribute parameters are considered to comprise numerical data (accurate type and interval type), character data, set type data and the like, so that the following algorithms are respectively adopted to realize the calculation of the similarity between different types of data.
a) Similarity calculation of numerical data
In the product example, the numerical data mainly includes geometric parameters, performance parameters, weight and the like, and the parameters include two types of data precision values and interval values. The accurate value is the highest operation speed, the track gauge and the like, the range type data is the service life of 20, 30 years, and the adaptive environment temperature is 20, 40 ℃ and the like. When the data similarity calculation is carried out, the data need to be distinguished and processed.
If the data type of a certain attribute parameter in the product example is numerical data, and the target value and the example value are accurate values m and n, respectively, the similarity is calculated as follows:
wherein alpha is the lower limit value of the attribute parameter, beta is the upper limit value of the attribute parameter, and beta-alpha is the value range, namely the value range, of the attribute parameter.
If the upper limit and the lower limit of the attribute parameter do not exist or are not easy to judge, the similarity calculation of the accurate values m and n can be carried out by adopting the following formula:
if the data type of a certain attribute parameter in the product example is numerical data, but the target value and the actual value are an accurate value m and a range value [ n ]1,n2]At the time, the similarity is calculated as:
if the data type of a certain attribute parameter in the product example is numerical data, but the target value and the example value are range type values [ m1,m2]And [ n1,n2]At the time, the similarity is calculated as:
b) similarity calculation for character-type data
In the product example, the string type data includes a power type, a water filling port type, and the like. When similarity calculation is performed on the attribute parameters of the product example, whether the actual value n is consistent with the target value m or not can be directly judged, and the similarity calculation is as follows:
c) similarity calculation of aggregated data
In the example of the product, the aggregate type data includes seat settings (first class seat, second class seat, business seat) of the motor car, and the like. If the target value is m ═ m (m)1,m2,......mi) An example value is n ═ n (n)1,n2,......nj) Then the similarity is calculated as:
where Card represents the number of elements contained in the collection.
2) Comprehensive similarity calculation
If the product instance attribute parameter set has k parameters, calculating the corresponding attribute parameter similarity according to the similarity calculation formula of the corresponding data type, and then calculating the comprehensive similarity Sim (case _ id) of the product instance, namely:
wherein Simi(m, n) is the similarity corresponding to the ith attribute parameter, ωiIs the weight of the ith attribute parameter.
3) Configuration result determination
And setting a comprehensive similarity threshold delta, and selecting the product examples with the similarity values meeting the requirements according to the relative sizes of the comprehensive similarity between each product example and the target order product and the threshold delta. And judging the screened product examples according to the value-taking rules of the configuration parameters, and removing the examples which do not meet the value-taking rules of the configuration parameters to obtain feasible product examples.
And when the comprehensive similarity values of all the product examples and the target order products are smaller than delta, namely sufficiently similar examples do not exist, or the product examples with the similarity values meeting the requirements do not meet the value-taking rules of the configuration parameters, the product example configuration fails, and then a product modularization customized design flow is started.
The product modularization customized design comprises the processes of overall scheme design, component modularization configuration design, overall integrated design and the like, and the corresponding design task is finished under the guidance of the product design flow.
In the product modularization customization design process, a design flow template is firstly constructed. The product design process of the rail transit equipment is a guidance process for developing a design task after entering the modularized custom design, and comprises three stages of overall scheme design, component modularized configuration design and overall integrated design. Wherein, the design flow template of the subway product is shown in figure 3.
And then entering a customized design flow according to the established design flow template. And after the product example matching fails, entering a product modularization customized design flow. Selecting a corresponding design flow template according to the vehicle type category to which the project aims, and editing the flow template according to the requirement of a certain order project, wherein the design flow template comprises the following steps:
optional task node setting: determining modules which are not needed in order products according to requirements, and deleting corresponding module design task nodes from a design flow template; and for the modules which are determined to be needed, reserving the corresponding design task nodes.
Newly adding design task nodes: determining a module needing to be newly added according to the requirement, adding a corresponding module design task node in the design flow template, and developing a design task interface of the new module to be associated with the new task node.
Task node role assignment: and giving specific execution roles to all task nodes in the flow template.
And (3) updating the task description: and updating or adding remarks and the like to the description of each task node.
And taking the edited design flow as the guidance of the subsequent design process of the order project, and taking the requirements as input, the main structure of the product and configuration knowledge as data support to execute the product modularization customized design process. The process includes three tasks in total: overall scheme design, component modular configuration design and overall integrated design.
The overall scheme design is the first task of product modular custom design, which is mainly to design the overall part of the product and each large subsystem in three aspects: layout design, wherein module composition, quantity, position information and the like of a product or a subsystem are designed; designing key parameters, and setting or calculating key geometric parameters, performance parameters and the like of each module in a product or a subsystem; designing interfaces, designing interface types and interface parameters among the large subsystems and in the subsystems.
The inputs to the overall scheme design include both requirements that are not mapped to module attribute parameters and mapped module attribute parameters. The design tasks required to be executed in the overall subway scheme design are shown in the attached drawing 3, and each task is specifically explained as follows:
1) train consist design
According to the requirements of the passenger capacity of the passengers, the passenger capacity of seats and the like, the number of marshalling of the subway, the length of the fixed member and the train body of each train, the dynamic-drag ratio, the position of a pantograph and the like are designed. For example, the subway train is set to 6 marshalling, and the marshalling pattern is set to Tc1 × MP1 × M1 × M2 × MP2 × Tc 2.
2) Vehicle profile design
The inside and outside dimensions of the vehicle, the door and window height, the seat height, the tunnel width, etc. are designed according to the vehicle limit requirements, the seating space requirements, etc. For example, the maximum width of the vehicle body is 3000mm, the height of the vehicle body is 3800mm, the clear height of the passenger compartment is 2200mm, the width of the through passage is 1500mm, and the like.
3) Vehicle door scheme design
According to the number of the fixed members of each vehicle, the parking time and the like, the arrangement number of the doors of each vehicle, the opening degree and the height of the doors and the like are set, and the passenger flow capacity is checked. For example, 5 pairs of doors are provided for each vehicle, the opening of each door is 1400mm, and the height of the vehicle door is 1860 mm.
4) Air conditioning scheme design
And calculating the refrigerating/heating power of the air conditioner according to the personnel, the ambient temperature, the size of the space in the vehicle and the like of each vehicle, and designing the installation position, the number and the like of the air conditioner.
5) Vehicle floor plan
The seats, doors, windows, air conditioners, pantographs and the like of each vehicle are arranged according to the fixed member of each vehicle, the door arrangement scheme, the length and the width of the vehicle body and the like.
6) Train weight estimation
The vehicle, train readiness weight, excess weight, etc. are estimated based on the equipment layout and vehicle deputy of each vehicle.
7) Scheme design of cross section
According to the length and the width of a vehicle body structure, the installation requirements of equipment in a vehicle and the like, the structural type and the parameters of the section are designed, and a section design scheme can be obtained through selection or modification.
8) Design of head form scheme
According to aerodynamic performance requirements, section design schemes and the like, head type parameter design, three-dimensional modeling, head type scheme screening and the like are carried out.
9) Bogie module assembly arrangement
The selection of types of various modules in the bogie, the configuration of the number of modules and the like are determined according to the highest operation speed, the axle weight, the experience of a designer and the like, and the process needs to depend on the module configuration rule. For example, when the traction motor is a permanent magnet synchronous direct drive motor, the coupling and the gearbox are not needed any more according to the configuration rule.
10) Bogie main parameter design
The main parameters (structure, materials, performance) of the main components in the bogie, such as the frame, wheel set and the like, are designed according to the highest operating speed, wheel base, track gauge, minimum curve radius, comfort, safety requirements and the like, and by combining the experience of a designer.
11) Bogie interface parameter design
According to the highest operation speed, safety requirements and the like, an external interface (such as a bogie-body underframe) and an internal interface (installation and positioning sizes of all parts) of the bogie are designed.
12) Traction motor main parameter design
According to the highest operation speed, the train weight, the acceleration performance requirement and the like, the power calculation, the rotating speed check, the traction characteristic study and the like of the traction motor are carried out, and main parameters such as the power, the torque, the rotating speed and the like of the traction motor are calculated.
13) Traction inverter main parameter design
And calculating the capacity of the traction inverter and the like according to the parameter design result of the traction motor.
14) Pantograph current-carrying capacity calculation
And calculating the current-carrying capacity of equipment such as a pantograph, a lightning arrester, a circuit breaker and the like according to the parameter design result of the traction inverter.
15) Traction current collection system layout
Various devices are arranged to the respective vehicles according to the design results of the traction power collecting system and the experience of the designer.
16) Brake system principal parameter design
According to the maximum operation speed, the axle weight, the adhesion limit, the deceleration requirement and the like, deceleration curve setting, brake characteristic study, brake power check and the like are carried out, and parameters such as the maximum brake power, the maximum brake force, the brake cylinder pressure and the like of the trailer are calculated.
17) Wind source system main parameter design
And calculating the air storage capacity, the air inflation capacity, the air consumption and the like of the whole vehicle according to the types, the number and the like of the main air cylinder, the brake air cylinder and the like.
18) Brake system layout design
Various devices are arranged to the respective vehicles according to the design results of the brake system and the experience of the designer.
19) Arrangement of equipment under vehicle
According to the arrangement conditions of the traction current collecting system, the braking system and the equipment in the vehicle, the weight balance requirement of the vehicle, the equipment maintenance requirement and the like, and by combining the experience of a designer, the equipment under the vehicle of each vehicle is arranged.
20) Vehicle body structure scheme design
And designing structural parameters of the vehicle body and drawing a beam-column diagram according to a section and head type scheme, arrangement of equipment in and under the vehicle, arrangement of a bogie and a vehicle body interface and the like.
21) Generating design planning book and scheme review
And outputting the content of the subway scheme design as a scheme design planning book, and organizing design experts to evaluate the design scheme.
And after the design scheme is reviewed, the component modular configuration design is entered.
The main product structure of the product platform is the basis for modular configuration, and the modules contained in the main product structure comprise: from the viewpoint of general degree (i.e. reflecting the universality of the use of module instances in all products in a product family), the module can be divided into a basic module, a general module, a special module and a non-platform module; from the view of the type selection requirement (i.e. reflecting the characteristic of whether the module exists in all products in the product family), the module can be divided into a basic module, a mandatory module and an optional module. The basic module, the general module and the special module belong to a platform module and have a unique module example, except that the basic module is a module which is adopted by all products in a product family and has the same shape and characteristics in the products; the universal module is a module which is adopted by a plurality of products in a product family, and the shapes and the characteristics of the universal module are completely the same in the products; a specialized module is a module that is used by a small number of products in a product family, and whose shape and characteristics are identical among those products. Whereas a non-platform module refers to a module whose shape and characteristics are not exactly the same in a product family, having multiple module instances and base-type instances. The mandatory module is a module which is owned by all products in a product family, but the example is not unique, and belongs to a non-platform module. The optional module is a module which is optional for products in a product family, is selected or deleted according to the requirement of a customer, and can be a general module, a special module (with a unique example) or a non-platform module (with a plurality of examples) in the platform module.
Before entering a product modularization customization design flow, a design flow template of a certain vehicle type is selected and edited to serve as an execution flow of modularization customization design of a certain order item. In the process editing, the required optional modules, the unnecessary optional modules and the newly added modules (if any) in the order item are indirectly determined. After the process editing, the module instance of the optional platform module (general module and special module) determined to be needed in the order item can be directly selected. Therefore, in the design stage of component modular configuration, the modules that may need to be designed include three types: a necessary module, a non-platform module in the selectable modules and a new module. And configuring, deforming and customizing various modules, wherein the design tasks are developed by taking the edited design flow as guidance. The idea of component modular configuration design is shown in fig. 4, and specifically includes:
1) module configuration design
The optional module and the selectable-non-platform module adopt the same idea to carry out the configuration and the variant design of the modules. The configuration design of a certain module i may need to receive three inputs: example parameters obtained by the design of the upstream module of the process, requirement parameters of the module i and parameters determined in the design of the overall scheme. After the module at the upstream of the process is designed, the example parameters of the module affect the parameter values of the module i through the configuration rules, such as the performance, the structure size, the interface and other influences. The requirements of the module may affect the module design in two ways: firstly, mapping the requirements to attribute parameters of a module, and directly determining the values of some attribute parameters of the module; ② the need to restrict the design of the module in a constrained manner. The module attribute parameters determined in the overall scheme design can be directly used as module configuration parameters.
And integrating the input of the three aspects, assigning values to the configuration parameters of the module i, and designing the module configuration by adopting a method based on case-based reasoning (CBR). And if the example reasoning is successful, obtaining the example parameters of the module i. And continuing to design the configuration of the next module according to the guidance of the flow. Wherein, the example-based reasoning (CBR) method adopted by the module configuration design is consistent with the method adopted by the product example matching.
2) Modular variant design
And if the inference of the instance of the module i is unsuccessful, namely, a reusable module instance is not obtained, carrying out variant design on the module i. The modification design of the module is based on the basic module, the structure or the size of the module is modified by adopting CAD software, a new module example is obtained, and the new module example is expanded to a module example set. The new module instance will continue to affect subsequent module configuration designs according to the constraint relationships defined by the configuration rules.
3) Novel modular custom design
The new module, which is the module not defined in advance in the main structure of the product, does not store the corresponding module attribute parameters, configuration knowledge and the like, and the design is finished by adopting the way of customizing the design by a designer. The custom design of a new module requires two aspects of input parameters: instance parameters (structure, performance, interface, etc.) of modules upstream of the flow and requirements parameters of the new module. And (4) the designer automatically designs and models the new module by adopting CAD software according to the input parameters to obtain the example parameters of the new module. After the new module design is completed, the product modular structure tree, the module instance, the product main structure, the configuration knowledge, the demand template, the flow template and the like need to be updated.
The invention exemplarily shows the component modular configuration design of subway order products. The part of tasks needs to carry out configuration modification design on modules of running components, bearing components, power components and other components of the subway train, and if a new module exists, the new module needs to be customized and designed. The configuration and the modified design of the module are described by taking a gear box, a coupling and a wheel pair module in a bogie as examples.
1) Gearbox module configuration design
The configuration parameters of the gearbox module are as follows: maximum allowable power, maximum input speed, allowable output torque, transmission ratio, center distance, etc. Wherein the maximum allowable power and the maximum input rotating speed are calculated according to the maximum power and the maximum rotating speed of the traction motor by a configuration rule (the traction motor is configured); the allowable output torque is calculated according to the configuration rule, the axle weight, the acceleration, the half-wearing wheel diameter and the like; the transmission ratio is calculated according to the configuration rule, the highest rotating speed of the motor, the highest operation speed, the half-wearing wheel diameter and the like; the center distance is designed by a designer of a main bogie in the design of the bogie scheme according to the spatial layout of the bogie. Illustratively, the values of the configuration parameters of the gearbox in the invention and the examples of the gearbox within a certain type A subway product platform are shown in the following table.
And calculating the similarity between the attribute parameters of the target gearbox and the attribute parameters of the three existing gearbox examples by using the attribute parameter similarity calculation method. The weight value is determined for each configuration parameter by analytic hierarchy or based on expert knowledge. It should be noted that if there are k parameters (i.e. maximum allowable power, maximum input rotation speed, allowable output torque, transmission ratio, center distance in this embodiment) in the product example attribute parameter set, after the similarity of the corresponding attribute parameters is calculated, the comprehensive similarity of the product examples is calculated, and similarly, the aforementioned comprehensive similarity calculation method can be referred to. Illustratively, the calculation results of the integrated similarity are shown in the following table.
The combined similarity of example 1 to the target gearbox module was 0.878, the combined similarity of example 2 to the target gearbox module was 0.982, and the combined similarity of example 3 to the target gearbox module was 0.898. If the similarity threshold is set to 0.9, the similarity value of example 2 meets the requirement. According to the value rules of the gearbox configuration parameters in the table, all the configuration parameters of the example 2 meet the requirements, so that the example 2 can be selected as a module example of the target gearbox.
2) Coupling module configuration design
The coupling module configuration parameters are as follows: allowable rotating speed, allowable torque, input shaft hole diameter, output shaft hole diameter, shaft hole length and the like. Wherein the allowable rotating speed, the allowable torque, the diameter of the input shaft hole and the length of the shaft hole are calculated according to the configuration rule and the maximum rotating speed, the maximum torque, the diameter of the output shaft of the motor and the length of the traction motor (the configuration of the traction motor is finished); the diameter of the output shaft hole is calculated according to the diameter of the input shaft of the gear box by the configuration rule (the gear box is configured). The virtual coupling configuration parameter values and coupling examples within a certain type a subway product platform range are shown in the following table.
And calculating the similarity between the target coupling attribute parameter and the existing three coupling instance attribute parameters by using the attribute parameter similarity calculation method. The weight value is determined for each configuration parameter by analytic hierarchy or based on expert knowledge. Illustratively, the calculation results of the integrated similarity are shown in the following table.
The overall similarity of example 1 to the target coupling module is 0.89, the overall similarity of example 2 to the target coupling module is 0.932, and the overall similarity of example 3 to the target coupling module is 0.986. If the similarity threshold is set to 0.9, the similarity values of example 2 and example 3 both meet the requirement. According to the value-taking rules of the coupling configuration parameters in the table, the allowable rotating speed, the allowable torque, the input shaft hole diameter and other parameters of the example 2 do not meet the value-taking requirements, and all the configuration parameter values of the example 3 meet the requirements, so the example 3 can be selected as a module example of the target coupling.
For outsourced parts such as gear boxes and couplings, when the reusable module instances cannot be configured, new module instances are purchased again from suppliers by taking the configuration parameter values as targets.
3) Wheel pair module configuration design
Because the bullet train wheels, bullet train axles, trailer wheels and trailer axle modules in the wheel pair module are all universal modules, the wheel pair module has a unique module example. Therefore, in the motor vehicle, the module examples of the motor vehicle wheels and the motor vehicle axles can be directly selected; in a trailer vehicle, the module instances of the trailer wheels, trailer axles, may be selected directly.
And after the configuration design of all the component modules is completed, entering a total integrated design stage. In the stage, three-dimensional models of component module examples are assembled into a whole vehicle model, and a subway product configuration scheme is evaluated. A subway bogie will be described as an example.
1) Subway bogie model assembly based on framework
a) Skeleton model construction
The skeleton elements are geometric elements such as points, lines, surfaces and the like for describing the positioning reference of the parts. The assembly method based on the skeleton requires that a skeleton model describing module positioning information is created in advance (when module examples are predefined), and a plurality of levels of skeleton models are created according to different composition levels of products. For rail transit equipment, a train/vehicle-level skeleton, a system-level skeleton, a component-level skeleton and the like need to be created, and the skeleton models of multiple levels are associated with each other (and can be linked when updated). When the three-dimensional model of each module instance is created, modeling needs to be carried out by taking the defined framework model as a reference, so that the three-dimensional model of the module instance is ensured to be positioned correctly in the framework.
In the product modularization customization design process, the train/vehicle level framework, the system level framework, the component level framework and the like are updated according to the structural dimension information, the layout information and the like generated by the overall scheme design, so that the dimension requirements of the current product are met. When the three-dimensional models of a plurality of module instances need to be assembled, all the three-dimensional model files are imported into the assembly space, and then all the models can be located at correct positions. The skeleton-based assembly method is shown in fig. 5.
By adopting the method for constructing the skeleton model, a system-level skeleton model and a component-level skeleton model of the metro bogie are constructed as shown in the attached figure 6.
b) Bogie assembly
An example three-dimensional model of each module of the bogie is imported into an assembly space containing a multi-level skeletal model, forming a three-dimensional model of the bogie as shown in fig. 7.
2) Subway bogie configuration scheme evaluation
After the assembled product three-dimensional model is assembled, two aspects of evaluation need to be carried out on the product three-dimensional model: compatibility of geometric structure and satisfaction of overall performance. The geometric structure compatibility can directly use CAD software to carry out interference check on the product three-dimensional assembly model. The evaluation of the performance satisfaction of the whole machine needs to be analyzed and evaluated by combining the calculation results of other tools (such as CAE software). The overall performance evaluation items required by different vehicle types in the rail transit equipment are shown in the following table.
| Serial number | Evaluation item of overall machine performance | Suitable for vehicle types |
| 1 | Dynamic limit checking | Motor car/subway/locomotive/passenger car/ |
| 2 | Vehicle and small curve passing capacity of each connecting part between vehicles | Motor car/subway/locomotive/passenger car/ |
| 3 | Line operation simulation | Motor car/subway/locomotive/passenger car/ |
| 4 | Strength of car body | Motor car/subway/locomotive/passenger car/truck |
| 5 | Frame strength | Motor car/subway/locomotive/passenger car/truck |
| 6 | Axle box spring strength | Motor car/subway/locomotive/passenger car/truck |
| 7 | Strength of axle | Motor car/subway/locomotive/passenger car/truck |
| 8 | Coupler strength | Motor car/subway/locomotive/passenger car/truck |
| 9 | Fatigue performance of bogie main component | Motor car/subway/locomotive/passenger car/truck |
| 10 | Dynamic performance of vehicle | Motor car/subway/locomotive/passenger car/truck |
| 11 | Fireproof and flame-retardant properties of materials | Motor car/subway/locomotive/passenger car/truck |
| 12 | Heat insulation performance of vehicle body | Motor car/subway/passenger car |
| 13 | Ventilation, refrigeration and heating performance of air conditioning system | Motor car/subway/passenger car |
| 14 | Aerodynamic properties | Motor car |
| …… | …… | …… |
Specifically, for the metro bogie, the three-dimensional assembly model of the bogie is subjected to interference check, and whether the incompatibility of the geometrical structures exists between the three-dimensional models of the modules of the bogie is judged. If there is geometric interference, the corresponding module instance model needs to be modified. The static strength, the fatigue strength, the dynamic performance, the curve passing capability and other performances of the bogie configuration scheme need to be evaluated by combining other analysis tools.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the invention and not for limiting the technical solutions described in the invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail in the present specification with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and therefore, any modification or equivalent replacement of the present invention is made; all such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A rail transit vehicle product design method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, demand collection; the method comprises the steps of acquiring customer requirements of an order as input of product design by constructing a requirement template of each vehicle type and taking the requirement template as a basis;
step 2, positioning a product platform; acquiring demand parameter values according to demands, taking subdivision variables for product platform positioning out of the demand parameter values, and performing platform positioning according to a product platform positioning rule so as to position an order product to a certain product platform;
step 3, mapping the requirements; according to the requirement-module mapping rule, mapping the requirement instance parameters into attribute parameter values of modules on the main structure of the product platform, and taking the attribute parameter values as input of subsequent product design;
step 4, according to the value of the product part attribute parameters obtained by the demand mapping, matching product examples in the product example range of a certain product platform to obtain reusable product examples; when no product instance which can be reused exists, the product modularization customized design is entered.
2. The rail transit vehicle product design method of claim 1, wherein: performing the product instance matching by using an instance-based reasoning (CBR) method, and specifically comprising:
1) calculating attribute parameter similarity; the attribute parameter similarity comprises similarity of numerical data, similarity of character data and similarity of collective data;
the similarity of the numerical data is calculated as:
wherein alpha is the lower limit value of the attribute parameter, beta is the upper limit value of the attribute parameter, beta-alpha is the value range of the attribute parameter, m is the target value of the attribute parameter, and n is the example value of the attribute parameter;
if the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the attribute parameter do not exist, the similarity calculation of the target value m and the example value n is carried out by adopting the following formula:
if the data type of a certain attribute parameter in the product instance is numerical data, and the target value is m, the instance value is a range value [ n ]1,n2]Then the similarity is calculated as:
if the data type of a certain attribute parameter in the product example is numerical data, and the target value and the example value are both range type values [ m1,m2]And [ n1,n2]Then the similarity is calculated as:
the similarity of the character-type data is calculated as:
wherein m is a target value of the attribute parameter, and n is an instance value of the attribute parameter;
c) the similarity of the set type data is calculated as:
wherein the target value is m ═ (m)1,m2,......mi) An example value is n ═ n (n)1,n2,......nj) Card represents a term contained in a collectionThe number of elements of (c);
2) calculating comprehensive similarity; if the product instance attribute parameter set has k parameters, calculating the corresponding attribute parameter similarity according to the similarity calculation formula of the corresponding data type, and then calculating the comprehensive similarity Sim (case _ id) of the product instance as follows:
wherein, Simi(m, n) is the similarity corresponding to the ith attribute parameter, ωiThe weighting coefficient is the ith attribute parameter;
3) judging a configuration result; selecting a product example with a similarity value meeting the requirement according to the relative size of the comprehensive similarity between each product example and the target order product and the threshold delta by setting the comprehensive similarity threshold delta; judging the screened product examples according to the value-taking rules of the configuration parameters, and removing the examples which do not meet the value-taking rules of the configuration parameters to obtain feasible product examples; and when the comprehensive similarity values of all the product examples and the target order products are smaller than delta or the product examples with the similarity values meeting the requirements do not meet the value-taking rules of the configuration parameters, the product example configuration fails, and then a product modularization customization design flow is started.
3. The rail transit vehicle product design method of claim 2, wherein the product modular custom design comprises: the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out overall scheme design on a product, generating a scheme design planning book, reviewing the scheme design, entering component modularized configuration design after review is passed, carrying out overall integrated design after the component modularized configuration design is finished, assembling a three-dimensional model of each component module into a whole vehicle model, and evaluating the product configuration scheme.
4. The rail transit vehicle product design method of claim 3, wherein the overall solution design comprises: layout design, wherein module composition, quantity, position information and the like of a product or a subsystem are designed; designing key parameters, and setting or calculating key geometric parameters, performance parameters and the like of each module in a product or a subsystem; designing interfaces, namely designing the interface types and the interface parameters among the large subsystems and in the subsystems.
5. The rail transit vehicle product design method of claim 3, wherein the component modular configuration design comprises:
module configuration design, namely taking example parameters obtained by the design of a flow upstream module, demand parameters of a module i to be configured and parameters determined in the design of a total scheme as input, assigning values to the configuration parameters of the module i to be configured, and carrying out the module configuration design by adopting a method which is the same as the product example matching and is based on example reasoning (CBR);
module modification design, wherein if the inference of the instance of the module i to be configured is unsuccessful, namely a reusable module instance is not obtained, the module i is subjected to modification design; on the basis of the basic module, obtaining a new module example by modifying the structure or the size of the module, and expanding the new module example to a module example set; according to the constraint relation defined by the configuration rule, the new module instance will continuously influence the configuration design of the subsequent module;
the new module is customized and designed, the instance parameters of the upstream module of the process and the requirement parameters of the new module are used as input parameters, and the new module is designed and modeled according to the input parameters to obtain the instance parameters of the new module; and after the new module is designed, updating the product modular structure tree, the module instance, the product main structure, the configuration knowledge, the demand template and the flow template.
6. The rail transit vehicle product design method of claim 3, wherein in the overall integrated design, a skeleton-based assembly method is adopted to assemble the three-dimensional models of the component modules into a complete vehicle model, and a product configuration scheme is evaluated.
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