CN112330196A - 一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法,包括如下步骤：1)挑选受试者与测试护膝；2)测试并记录受试者静态参数，包括体重、胫内长度、股四头肌与腘绳肌之比；3)测试并记录受试者膝关节运动参数，包括膝关节外翻位移和膝关节屈曲度；4)计算膝关节损伤风险值；5)测试并记录受试者穿着护膝后的5个部位接触压力值，取平均值；6)采用百分位数方法，建立护膝接触压力平均值与膝关节损伤风险映射关系，使用压力指标来表达护膝产品防护等级。本发明是基于膝关节损伤风险的运动护膝防护等级评价方法，用于对运动护膝防护等级的评价，为产品检测和消费者选择提供了依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及运动护具领域，具体涉及一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法。
背景技术
对运动护膝进行防护等级划分，不仅反映了运动护膝产品的防护特征，更有利于消费者挑选符合自己防护需求的运动护膝产品。目前国内无针对运动护膝防护功能的分级方法和标准。目前，关于运动护膝的标准有以下几类：一是《FZ/T 74001-2013纺织品、针织运动护具》，将针织护具的质量等级分为优等品、一等品、合格品。主要检测指标包含耐皂洗色牢度，耐汗渍色牢度，耐水色牢度，耐摩擦色牢度，耐光色牢度，耐光、汗复合色牢度，拉伸弹性回复率、甲醛含量、PH值、异味、可分解致癌芳香胺染料、N-亚硝基胺、金属危害物、水洗后外观、纤维含量等；二是《GB/T 29868-2013运动防护用品针织类基本技术要求》，同样对耐汗渍色牢度，耐水色牢度等常规理化性质做出了要求；三是《GB/T 21980-2017专业运动服装和防护用品通用技术规范》，除了规定运动防护产品的常规理化性质，还对透湿率、吸湿速干性能、防水性能、防紫外线性能等做出了功能性的要求；四是《FZ/T 74001-2013纺织品、针织运动护具》，对护膝等级进行了划分，但仅仅是按照普通纺织品的质量标准进行分级，并未涉及到防护性能的分级。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于膝关节损伤风险的运动护膝防护等级评价方法，用于对运动护膝防护性能的评估及生产销售。
本发明所述的一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法，包括如下步骤：
1.挑选受试者与测试护膝。受试者应挑选年龄相近、身高相近、性别相同、身体健康的受试者，受试者人数应大于5；测试护膝种类应大于6种。
2.测试并记录受试者静态参数。静态参数包括体重、胫内长度、股四头肌与腘绳肌之比；体重由人体重量测量仪器测得、胫骨长度由长度软尺或马丁测量仪测得、股四头肌与腘绳肌比值由经验公式(0.01×体重+1.10)计算得出；
3.测试并记录受试者膝关节运动参数。膝关节运动参数包括膝关节外翻位移和膝关节屈曲度，膝外翻度和膝屈曲度两个指标是采用三维运动捕捉系统在运动中采集膝关节的矢状面、冠状面和水平面的各种角度变化后提取出来数据，受试者分别在不穿着护膝、随机穿着各种测护膝进行跳深运动，每种测试3次，选择完整周期触地阶段的膝关节运动参数；
4.计算膝关节损伤风险值。通过静态参数和膝关节运动参数，采用基于临床的膝关节前交叉韧带损伤评估算法，计算出每名受试者在各种跳深过程中的损伤风险值，单位为％；
5.测量接触压力。受试者穿着不同种类的测试护膝，采用气囊式压力测量系统测试穿着护膝后的5个部位的接触压力值，5个部位分别是大腿外、大腿内、小腿外、小腿内和小腿后，得出每人每款护膝5个部位的压力平均值,单位为kPa。
6.评定护膝防护等级。采用百分位数方法，建立护膝接触压力平均值与膝关节损伤风险映射关系，使用压力指标来表达护膝产品防护性能等级。压力对应损伤风险范围，通常按照20％-30％为三级，30％-40％为二级，40％-50％为一级进行等级划分，根据压力指标映射关系，确定护膝防护等级。
进一步地，受试者应挑选年龄相近、身高相近、性别相同、身体健康的人员，从而增加评估的准确性。
进一步地，采用三维动作捕捉系统测试跳深运动中：人体关节的关节角和坐标，人体初落地至膝关节最大屈曲时刻膝关节冠状轴两坐标之差即为膝关节外翻位移；矢状面上初落地至膝关节最大屈曲时刻膝关节屈伸角之差即为膝屈曲度。
进一步地，膝关节损伤风险值的评估基于临床的膝关节前交叉韧带损伤评估算法，该算法为既有成果。
进一步地，在确定某款护膝的防护等级时，如果测试中70％以上受试者平均压力值映射于相同的损伤风险等级范围，即可评定该款护膝相应的防护等级。
本发明的有益效果是：目前国内无针对运动护膝的防护性能评价标准与方法，本专利提出的基于护膝对膝关节的防护效果进行防护等级的划分，切实可行，为产品检测和消费者选择提供了依据。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明的用途，但不用来限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明所述的一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法实施步骤为：
1.挑选受试者与测试护膝。选择7名受试者，选择6款测试护膝；
2.测试并记录受试者静态参数。测试7名受试者的静态参数，包括体重、胫骨长度、股四头肌与腘绳肌之比(参数定义见表1)；
3.测试并记录受试者膝关节运动参数。组织7名受试者参加跳深实验，测试与记录受试者的在裸腿和分别穿着6个款式测试护膝情况下的膝关节动态参数，包括膝关节外翻位移和膝关节屈曲度。在跳深测试中，每种场景测试3次。实验台高36cm，用三维运动捕捉系统采集运动中人体膝关节参数，选择1个完整周期触地阶段的膝关节运动参数 (参数定义见表1)；
(表1)人体参数与运动参数表
4.计算膝关节损伤风险值。采用基于临床的膝关节前交叉韧带损伤评估算法，计算7名受试者在裸腿和分别穿着6个款式测试护膝测试状态下的膝关节损伤风险，(见表2)；
(表2)膝关节损伤风险(％)
| 款式 | 1# | 2# | 3# | 4# | 5# | 6# | 7# |
| 无 | 54.7 | 52.33 | 49.01 | 54.54 | 58.13 | 45.22 | 59.66 |
| B1 | 45.74 | 49.06 | 40.57 | 48.79 | 36.64 | 36.31 | 48.43 |
| B2 | 37.54 | 41.39 | 35.01 | 34.73 | 22.46 | 32.39 | 36.48 |
| B3 | 32.16 | 33.88 | 24.81 | 38.37 | 26.24 | 34.36 | 40.3 |
| M1 | 46.45 | 54.79 | 40.03 | 36.14 | 44.82 | 37.4 | 47.26 |
| M2 | 40.85 | 37.82 | 36.51 | 32.73 | 42.09 | 34.7 | 39.48 |
| M3 | 35.86 | 40.63 | 27.19 | 29.84 | 34.96 | 21.27 | 28.02 |
5.测量接触压力。测试穿着运动护膝后的接触压力。采用气囊式压力测量系统测试穿着护膝后的5个部位的接触压力值，分别为大腿外、大腿内、小腿外、小腿内和小腿后5个部位，取5个部位的平均压力值(见表3)；
(表3)平均压值(kPa)
6.评定护膝防护等级。采用百分位数方法，建立护膝接触压力与膝关节损伤风险映射关系，使用压力指标来表达护膝产品防护性能等级，如果测试中70％以上受试者平均压力值映射于相同的损伤风险等级范围，即可评定该款护膝相应的防护等级。如护膝B1，其7个压力指标中，有5个压力值对应损伤风险范围在40％-50％以内，压力范围为： 1.72-3.11，可评定其防护等级为一级；护膝B2，其7个压力指标中，有5个压力值对应的损伤风险范围在30％-40％以内，压力范围为：2.15-3.38，可评定其防护等级为二级。
显然，本发明的上述实例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对发明实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举，凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (7)
1.一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法,是基于膝关节损伤风险的运动护膝防护等级评价方法，用于对运动护膝防护性能的评估，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
1)挑选受试者与测试护膝；
2)测试并记录受试者静态参数，包括体重、胫内长度、股四头肌与腘绳肌之比；
3)测试并记录受试者膝关节运动参数，包括膝关节外翻位移和膝关节屈曲度；
4)计算膝关节损伤风险值；
5)测试并记录受试者穿着护膝后的5个部位接触压力值，取平均值；
6)采用百分位数方法，建立护膝接触压力平均值与膝关节损伤风险映射关系，使用压力指标来表达护膝产品防护等级。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中受试者应挑选年龄相近、身高相近、性别相同、身体健康的受试者，受试者人数应大于5；测试护膝种类应大于6种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中股四头肌与腘绳肌比值由经验公式(0.01×体重+1.10)计算得出。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法，其特征在于：步骤3)中膝外翻度和膝屈曲度两个指标是采用三维运动捕捉系统在受试者完整跳深运动中采集膝关节的矢状面、冠状面和水平面的各种角度变化后提取出来数据。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法，其特征在于：步骤5)中5个部位分别是大腿外、大腿内、小腿外、小腿内和小腿后。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法，其特征在于：步骤6)中压力平均值对应损伤风险范围，通常按照20％-30％为三级，30％-40％为二级，40％-50％为一级进行等级划分。在某款护膝的防护等级时，如果测试中70％以上受试者平均压力映射于相同的损伤风险等级范围，即可评定该款护膝相应的防护等级。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种运动护膝防护等级评价方法，其特征在于：步骤6)中百分位数方法是指某款护膝如果80％以上受试者平均压力映射于相同的损伤风险等级范围，即可评定该款护膝相应的防护等级。
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