CN112329344A - Fan wind speed soft measurement method based on principal component analysis method - Google Patents
Fan wind speed soft measurement method based on principal component analysis method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fan wind speed soft measurement method based on a principal component analysis method.A data collector collects original operation data and transmits the original operation data to a principal component analysis processor for data dimension reduction processing, a dimension reduction data set is divided into a training data set and a test data set, the training data set is transmitted to a wind speed GA-SVR trainer, and the test data set is transmitted to an optimal wind speed SVR predictor; the optimal wind speed SVR predictor takes an optimal wind speed SVR prediction model as a core and takes a test data set as input to realize optimal wind speed prediction. The invention provides a solution for solving the problem that the real wind speed borne by the fan cannot be directly measured through the measurable variable of the wind generating set. Analyzing the main effect by a main component analysis method, and eliminating the influence of dimension difference among different samples; the wind speed SVR model is trained based on the genetic algorithm, and the generated wind speed estimation model of the fan is high in accuracy. The application of the invention can realize the ideal wind speed estimation of the fan and provides a way for improving the wind energy utilization and the control quality of the unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring wind speed of a fan, in particular to a method for soft measuring the wind speed of the fan based on a principal component analysis method.
Background
Compared with the traditional energy, the wind energy is clean and renewable. The available wind energy is widely distributed worldwide. The wind power generation has no fuel cost and no environmental governance cost. By virtue of unique advantages, wind power generation is more and more emphasized, and the installed capacity of wind power is rapidly increased. The large-capacity wind power integration inevitably brings challenges to the safety and stability of a power grid and the quality of electric energy, and the prediction of the wind speed of the fan is an effective means for realizing the accurate control of the fan and reducing the adverse effect of wind power on the power grid. However, due to the randomness of wind speed in time and space, the wind speed acting on the wind-sweeping surface of the whole blade is not uniformly distributed, and in addition, an anemometer is usually arranged at the tail of a fan, and the measured wind speed is not consistent with the wind speed acting on the blade. Therefore, the anemometer cannot directly measure the actual wind speed acting on the blade, and the wind speed measured by the anemometer is not enough to be used as the basis for controlling the rotating speed of the fan.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fan wind speed soft measurement method based on a principal component analysis method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a fan wind speed soft measurement method based on a principal component analysis method comprises the following steps:
step one, 7 items of original operation data of the rotating speed, the power of a generator, the pitch angle, the yaw angle, the power of an adjacent fan, the wind direction and the ambient temperature of a wind turbine are collected by a data collector; synthesizing an original operation data set D, and transmitting the original operation data set D to a principal component analysis processor;
analyzing the main effect by a principal component analysis processor, and performing data dimension reduction processing on the original operation data set D by using a principal component analysis method to generate a dimension reduction data set S;
step three, randomly selecting 2/3 behavior training data set S from the dimension reduction data set StrainThe remaining 1/3 rows constitute test data set StestTraining data set StrainTransmitting to a wind speed GA-SVR trainer to obtain a test data set StestTransmitting to an optimal wind speed SVR predictor;
fourthly, the wind speed GA-SVR trainer utilizes a GA algorithm to conduct optimization training on the wind speed SVR model until an optimal wind speed SVR estimation model is generated;
step five, the optimal wind speed SVR predictor tests a data set S by taking the optimal wind speed SVR prediction model obtained in the step four as a coretestAnd the optimal wind speed estimation value is input, and is transmitted to the variable speed wind driven generator controller, so that a basis is provided for rotating speed control.
Storing 7 items of collected original operation data of rotating speed, generator power, pitch angle, yaw angle, adjacent fan power, wind direction and ambient temperature into column vectors D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7 respectively, and synthesizing an original operation data set D ═ D [ D4 ]1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7];
The normalized matrix Z is calculated using the original running data set,
wherein z isijRepresenting the value of the ith row and jth column in the matrix Z, dijRepresents the value of the ith row and the jth column in the matrix D,represents the average value of j columns in the D matrix, sjRepresents the standard deviation;and sjThe calculation method of (a) is shown as follows:
further utilizing the standardized matrix Z to perform dimension reduction processing on the original operation data set D, specifically comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating a correlation coefficient matrix rho of the standardized matrix Z; calculating characteristic value lambda of correlation coefficient matrix rho1>λ2>λ3>…>λ7Corresponding unit feature vector
S2, calculating principal component contribution rate pi(ii) a Rate of contributionWherein lambda is a characteristic value of the correlation coefficient array rho;
s3, cumulative contribution rate of the first q principal componentsDetermining a q value according to the accumulated contribution rate eta value, wherein eta is more than 0.5 and less than 1;
s4, according to the formulaDetermining a transformation matrixIn the formula, ZTRepresents the transpose of the normalized matrix Z;
s5, according to the formulaCarrying out dimensionality reduction processing on an original operation data set D to generate a dimensionality reduction data set S ═ S1,S2,…,Sq]。
Further, the method for generating the optimal wind speed SVR estimation model by the wind speed GA-SVR trainer comprises the following steps:
the wind speed SVR model regression function is: y ═ f (x) ═ ω · K (x · x)i) + b, where y is a wind speed measurement; x is the rotation speed, generator power, pitch angle, yaw angle, adjacent fan power, wind direction and ring of wind turbineAmbient temperature 7 factor; x is the number ofiIs the ith sample variable which has an influence relation with y; ω, b are coefficients that determine the relationship of x to y.
Further, the operation of kernel function K in the above formula is obtained by using gaussian radial basis function:wherein sigma is a kernel width parameter and is a parameter to be optimized;
the process of solving the optimal regression function f (x) is as follows:
wherein ξi,ξi *Is a relaxation variable; c is a factor for balancing risk experience and learning machine complexity, epsilon is an insensitive loss parameter, and epsilon and C are parameters to be optimized;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the predicted value of the wind speed of the SVR model, yiIs a wind speed measurement; n is the iteration number;
setting three parameters of GA algorithm population quantity, evolution algebra and ditch generation;
and training the wind speed SVR model by using a GA algorithm, continuously optimizing sigma, C and epsilon parameters in the wind speed SVR model by using the GA algorithm until an iteration stopping condition is met by using the minimum fitness function of the GA algorithm as a target, and generating an optimal wind speed SVR estimation model.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention establishes the mathematical relationship between the measurable variable and the variable to be measured, obtains the variable to be measured by utilizing the measurable variable, and provides possibility for solving the detection problem that the variable cannot be directly measured. The application of the invention provides a solution for solving the problem that the real wind speed of the fan cannot be directly measured through the measurable variable of the wind generating set. Analyzing the main effect by a main component analysis method, and eliminating the influence of dimension difference among different samples; the support vector machine (SVR) has strong generalization capability and can adapt to the large-range change of the wind speed; the Genetic Algorithm (GA) has outstanding global search advantages, and the wind speed SVR model is trained based on the genetic algorithm, so that the generated wind speed estimation model of the fan has high accuracy. The application of the invention can realize the ideal wind speed estimation of the fan and provides a way for improving the wind energy utilization and the control quality of the unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the wind speed GA-SVR trainer in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wind speed estimation effect of the GA-SVR fan wind speed soft measurement system based on the principal component analysis method in the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows a fan wind speed soft measurement method based on a principal component analysis method, which includes the following steps:
step one, 7 items of original operation data of the rotating speed, the power of a generator, the pitch angle, the yaw angle, the power of an adjacent fan, the wind direction and the ambient temperature of a wind turbine are collected by a data collector; and synthesizing an original operating data set D: storing 7 items of collected original operation data of rotating speed, generator power, pitch angle, yaw angle, adjacent fan power, wind direction and ambient temperature into column vectors D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7 respectively, and synthesizing an original operation data set D ═ D [ D4 ]1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7];
And transmits the raw operational data set D to the principal component analysis processor.
Step two, a principal component analysis processor analyzes the principal effect, and performs data dimension reduction processing on an original operation data set D by using a principal component analysis method to generate a dimension reduction data set S:
the normalized matrix Z is calculated using the original running data set,
wherein z isijRepresenting the value of the ith row and jth column in the matrix Z, dijRepresents the value of the ith row and the jth column in the matrix D,represents the average value of j columns in the D matrix, sjRepresents the standard deviation;and sjThe calculation method of (a) is shown as follows:
further utilizing the standardized matrix Z to perform dimension reduction processing on the original operation data set D, specifically comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating a correlation coefficient matrix rho of the standardized matrix Z; calculating characteristic value lambda of correlation coefficient matrix rho1>λ2>λ3>…>λ7Corresponding unit feature vector
S2、Calculating principal component contribution rate pi(ii) a Rate of contributionWherein lambda is a characteristic value of the correlation coefficient array rho;
s3, cumulative contribution rate of the first q principal componentsDetermining a q value according to the accumulated contribution rate eta value, wherein eta is more than 0.5 and less than 1;
s4, according to the formulaDetermining a transformation matrixIn the formula, ZTRepresents the transpose of the normalized matrix Z;
s5, according to the formulaCarrying out dimensionality reduction processing on an original operation data set D to generate a dimensionality reduction data set S ═ S1,S2,…,Sq]。
And step three, randomly selecting 2/3 behavior training data sets Strain from the dimension reduction data set S, and forming a test data set Stest by the rest 1/3 rows. Transmitting the training data set Strain to a wind speed GA-SVR trainer, and transmitting the test data set Stest to an optimal wind speed SVR predictor:
as shown in FIG. 2, the method for generating the optimal wind speed SVR estimation model by the wind speed GA-SVR trainer comprises the following steps:
the wind speed SVR model regression function is: y ═ f (x) ═ ω · K (x · x)i) + b, where y is a wind speed measurement; x is a sample variable consisting of 7 factors of the rotating speed of the wind turbine, the power of the generator, the pitch angle, the yaw angle, the power of an adjacent fan, the wind direction and the ambient temperature; x is the number ofiIs the ith sample variable which has an influence relation with y; ω, b are coefficients that determine the relationship of x to y.
The operation of the kernel function K in the above formula adopts a Gaussian radial basisThe function finds:wherein sigma is a kernel width parameter and is a parameter to be optimized;
the process of solving the optimal regression function f (x) is as follows:
wherein ξi,ξi *Is a relaxation variable; c is a factor for balancing risk experience and learning machine complexity, epsilon is an insensitive loss parameter, and epsilon and C are parameters to be optimized;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the predicted value of the wind speed of the SVR model, yiIs a wind speed measurement; n is the iteration number;
and setting three parameters of GA algorithm population quantity, evolution algebra and generation channels.
Fourthly, the wind speed GA-SVR trainer utilizes a GA algorithm to conduct optimization training on the wind speed SVR model until an optimal wind speed SVR estimation model is generated;
and training the wind speed SVR model by using a GA algorithm, continuously optimizing sigma, C and epsilon parameters in the wind speed SVR model by using the GA algorithm until an iteration stopping condition is met by using the minimum fitness function of the GA algorithm as a target, and generating an optimal wind speed SVR estimation model.
And step five, the optimal wind speed SVR predictor takes the optimal wind speed SVR prediction model obtained in the step four as a core, the test data set Stest is used as input, the optimal wind speed prediction is realized, and the optimal wind speed estimation value is transmitted to the variable speed wind driven generator controller so as to provide a basis for controlling the rotating speed.
The first embodiment,
Taking a certain wind turbine as an example, 1800 groups of operation data of the wind turbine, such as rotating speed, generator power, pitch angle, yaw angle, adjacent fan power, wind direction and ambient temperature, are acquired and stored as column vectors D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7 respectively to form a matrix D;
Calculating characteristic value lambda of correlation coefficient matrix rho1>λ2>λ3>…>λ7Corresponding unit feature vector
Calculating the contribution rate of the principal component: rate of contributionCumulative contribution rate of the first q principal components
Taking eta equal to 0.85; determining q to be 4 according to the eta value;
According toPerforming dimensionality reduction on the original operation data set D to generate a dimensionality reduction data set S1800×4=[S1,S2,S3,S4];
Wherein S is1=u11*D1+u21*D2+…+u71*D7,S2=u12*D1+u22*D2+…+u72*D7,S3=u13*D1+u23*D2+…+u73*D7,S4=u14*D1+u24*D2+…+u74*D7。
From a reduced dimension dataset S1800x4In-line random selection of 1200 rows to form a data set StrainThe wind speed is input as a GA-SVR trainer; initializing sigma, C and epsilon parameters in the wind speed SVR model, setting the population quantity of GA algorithm to be 20, the evolution algebra to be 100 and the gully to be 0.9, and using a fitness functionAnd training the wind speed SVR model until the minimum value is a target, and generating the optimal wind speed SVR model until an iteration stop condition is met.
The remaining 600 rows constitute the data set StestAnd the wind speed is estimated as the input of an optimal wind speed SVR estimator by utilizing the optimal wind speed SVR model. The obtained result of the estimated wind speed is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the difference between the wind speed estimated by the method of the present invention and the actual wind speed is not large, which shows that the method of the present invention can simulate the actual wind speed well, thereby improving the accuracy of the wind speed measurement model.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make variations, modifications, additions or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A fan wind speed soft measurement method based on a principal component analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, 7 items of original operation data of the rotating speed, the power of a generator, the pitch angle, the yaw angle, the power of an adjacent fan, the wind direction and the ambient temperature of a wind turbine are collected by a data collector; synthesizing an original operation data set D, and transmitting the original operation data set D to a principal component analysis processor;
analyzing the main effect by a principal component analysis processor, and performing data dimension reduction processing on the original operation data set D by using a principal component analysis method to generate a dimension reduction data set S;
step three, randomly selecting 2/3 behavior training data set S from the dimension reduction data set StrainThe remaining 1/3 rows constitute test data set StestTraining data set StrainTransmitting to a wind speed GA-SVR trainer to obtain a test data set StestTransmitting to an optimal wind speed SVR predictor;
fourthly, the wind speed GA-SVR trainer utilizes a GA algorithm to conduct optimization training on the wind speed SVR model until an optimal wind speed SVR estimation model is generated;
step five, the optimal wind speed SVR predictor tests a data set S by taking the optimal wind speed SVR prediction model obtained in the step four as a coretestAnd the optimal wind speed estimation value is input, and is transmitted to the variable speed wind driven generator controller, so that a basis is provided for rotating speed control.
2. The fan wind speed soft measurement method based on the principal component analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: storing 7 items of collected original operation data of rotating speed, generator power, pitch angle, yaw angle, adjacent fan power, wind direction and ambient temperature into column vectors D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7 respectively, and synthesizing an original operation data set D ═ D [ D4 ]1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7];
The normalized matrix Z is calculated using the original running data set,
wherein z isijRepresenting the value of the ith row and jth column in the matrix Z, dijRepresents the value of the ith row and the jth column in the matrix D,represents the average value of j columns in the D matrix, sjRepresents the standard deviation;and sjThe calculation method of (a) is shown as follows:
3. the fan wind speed soft measurement method based on the principal component analysis method according to claim 2, characterized in that: further utilizing the standardized matrix Z to perform dimension reduction processing on the original operation data set D, specifically comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating a correlation coefficient matrix rho of the standardized matrix Z; calculating characteristic value lambda of correlation coefficient matrix rho1>λ2>λ3>…>λ7Corresponding unit feature vector
S2, calculating principal component contribution rate pi(ii) a Rate of contributionWherein lambda is a characteristic value of the correlation coefficient array rho;
s3, cumulative contribution rate of the first q principal componentsDetermining a q value according to the accumulated contribution rate eta value, wherein eta is more than 0.5 and less than 1;
s4, according to the formulaDetermining a transformation matrixIn the formula, ZTRepresents the transpose of the normalized matrix Z;
4. The fan wind speed soft measurement method based on the principal component analysis method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the method for generating the optimal wind speed SVR estimation model by the wind speed GA-SVR trainer comprises the following steps:
the wind speed SVR model regression function is: y ═ f (x) ═ ω · K (x · x)i) + b, where y is a wind speed measurement; x is a sample variable consisting of 7 factors of the rotating speed of the wind turbine, the power of the generator, the pitch angle, the yaw angle, the power of an adjacent fan, the wind direction and the ambient temperature; x is the number ofiIs the ith sample variable which has an influence relation with y; ω, b are coefficients that determine the relationship of x to y.
5. Principal component analysis-based according to claim 4The method for soft measurement of the wind speed of the fan is characterized by comprising the following steps: the operation of the kernel function K in the above formula is obtained by using a gaussian radial basis function:wherein sigma is a kernel width parameter and is a parameter to be optimized;
the process of solving the optimal regression function f (x) is as follows:
wherein ξi,ξi *Is a relaxation variable; c is a factor for balancing risk experience and learning machine complexity, epsilon is an insensitive loss parameter, and epsilon and C are parameters to be optimized;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the predicted value of the wind speed of the SVR model, yiIs a wind speed measurement; n is the iteration number;
setting three parameters of GA algorithm population quantity, evolution algebra and ditch generation;
and training the wind speed SVR model by using a GA algorithm, continuously optimizing sigma, C and epsilon parameters in the wind speed SVR model by using the GA algorithm until an iteration stopping condition is met by using the minimum fitness function of the GA algorithm as a target, and generating an optimal wind speed SVR estimation model.
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