CN112327324B - System and method for measuring rotation speed and acceleration by double quantum number OAM light beam - Google Patents
System and method for measuring rotation speed and acceleration by double quantum number OAM light beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN112327324B CN112327324B CN202011233322.2A CN202011233322A CN112327324B CN 112327324 B CN112327324 B CN 112327324B CN 202011233322 A CN202011233322 A CN 202011233322A CN 112327324 B CN112327324 B CN 112327324B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S17/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
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- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A system and a method for measuring rotation speed and acceleration by using double quantum number OAM light beams relate to the field of laser radar detection. The application aims to solve the problem that the rotation speed and the rotation acceleration can not be measured at the same time only by measuring the constant rotation speed in the prior art. The laser signal emitted by the laser device is sequentially subjected to single-mode fiber adjustment, double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation module and optical system collimation emission, and finally emitted to a rotating target to be detected, the rotating target to be detected reflects light carrying transverse rotating speed and acceleration information back to the optical system, the optical system converges the light carrying the transverse rotating speed and acceleration information to the light splitter, the light filter and the detector sequentially pass through the light splitter, the light detector and finally outputs a series of periodic signals, and the time-frequency analysis signal processor performs time-frequency processing on the series of periodic signals to obtain a series of intermediate frequency, and the transverse rotating speed and acceleration of the rotating target to be detected are obtained according to the series of intermediate frequency. It is used to measure both velocity and acceleration.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a method for simultaneously measuring transverse rotation speed and acceleration based on double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation. Belonging to the technical field of laser radar detection.
Background
Current rotation speed measurement studies mostly can only measure constant rotation speed using the orbital angular momentum OAM transverse doppler effect of photons. The requirement for simultaneous measurement of rotational speed and rotational acceleration cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the problem that the rotation speed and the rotation acceleration can not be measured at the same time only by measuring the constant rotation speed in the prior art. A system and method for measuring rotation speed and acceleration by using double quantum number OAM light beams are provided.
The system for measuring the rotation speed and the acceleration by the double quantum number OAM beam comprises a laser 1, a single-mode fiber 2, a double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation module 3, a beam splitter 4, an optical system 5, an optical filter 7, a detector 8, a time-frequency analysis signal processor 9 and a display module 10,
the laser signal emitted by the laser 1 is irradiated to the double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation module 3 after being regulated by the single-mode optical fiber 2, the regulated laser signal is modulated by the double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation module 3, the modulated double quantum number orbital angular momentum optical signal is output to be incident to the optical system 5, the optical system 5 collimates and emits the modulated double quantum number orbital angular momentum optical signal to the rotating target 6 to be detected, the rotating target 6 to be detected reflects the light carrying the transverse rotating speed and the acceleration information back to the optical system 5, the optical system 5 converges the light carrying the transverse rotating speed and the acceleration information to the optical splitter 4, the light output by the optical splitter 4 is incident to the optical filter 7, the light after the background noise is filtered by the optical filter 7 is incident to the detector 8, a series of periodic signals are output by the detector 8,
the time-frequency analysis signal processor 9 is configured to perform a time-frequency process of sliding window fourier transform on a series of periodic signals, to obtain a series of intermediate frequency frequencies,
the display module 10 is used for obtaining the transverse rotation speed and acceleration of the rotation target to be measured according to a series of intermediate frequency.
Preferably, the laser 1 is a single transverse mode continuous laser.
A method of measuring rotational speed and acceleration of a double quantum number OAM beam, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, after being adjusted by a single-mode fiber 2, a laser signal emitted by a laser 1 irradiates onto a double-quantum orbital angular momentum modulation module 3, the adjusted laser signal is modulated by the double-quantum orbital angular momentum modulation module 3, the modulated double-quantum orbital angular momentum optical signal is output and is incident to an optical system 5, the optical system 5 collimates and emits the modulated double-quantum orbital angular momentum optical signal to a rotating target 6 to be detected, the rotating target 6 to be detected reflects light carrying transverse rotating speed and acceleration information back to the optical system 5, the optical system 5 converges the light carrying transverse rotating speed and acceleration information to a beam splitter 4, the light output by the beam splitter 4 is incident to an optical filter 7, the optical filter 7 is incident to a detector 8 after background noise is filtered, and a series of periodic signals are output by the detector 8;
step 2, processing a series of periodic signals by adopting a T time length and a series of equal time intervals to obtain a plurality of intermediate frequency;
and step 3, obtaining the transverse rotation speed and acceleration of the rotation target to be detected according to the relation between the intermediate frequency and the rotation speed and acceleration and the intermediate frequency.
Preferably, in step 2, a plurality of intermediate frequency is obtained, and the specific process is as follows:
step 21, taking the T time length as a time window, taking the T time length signal from the start point of a series of periodic signals, and performing Fourier transformation on the signal to obtain a first intermediate frequency IF 1 ；
Step 22, sliding the time window in step 21 backward for a time interval Δt on a series of periodic signals, measuring a series of periodic signals with the time length T, and performing Fourier transformation on the signals measured at this time to obtain a second intermediate frequency IF 2 ；
Step 23, repeating the operation of step 22 until a series of periodic signals are completed with a time window of time length T, to obtain a series of intermediate frequency { IF } corresponding to the time intervals { Δt,2Δt, … i Δt … } 1 ,IF 2 ,…IF i … }, i is a positive integer.
Preferably, in step 3, the relationship between the intermediate frequency and the rotation speed and acceleration is:
where IF represents the intermediate frequency, if= { IF 1 ,IF 2 ,…IF i …, w is the transverse rotation speed of the rotating object to be measured, w 0 For a rotational speed when t is equal to 0, α is a lateral rotational acceleration of a rotational target to be measured, t is time, and Δl is a difference of double quantum number orbital angular momentum +l order minus-l order.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
the application combines a time-frequency analysis method on the basis of measuring the transverse rotation speed of the target by utilizing the orbital angular momentum beam, and simultaneously realizes the measurement of the rotation speed and the rotation acceleration without increasing the complexity of the system. The application can realize 0.7% relative rotation speed measurement precision and 1% relative rotation acceleration measurement precision. This is of great importance for complex rotating object measurements.
Based on the special transverse rotation Doppler effect of the orbital angular momentum beam, the measurement of the transverse rotation speed of the target is realized, the functional limit that the traditional radial Doppler can only respond to the radial speed is broken through, and the laser Doppler speed measurement function is greatly enriched.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring rotational speed and acceleration with a double quantum number OAM beam;
FIG. 2 is a series of periodic signal graphs;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the intensity distribution of the modulated double quantum number orbital angular momentum signal;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation phase;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the intensity of a double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation;
FIG. 6 shows the measurement results and relative errors for different rotational speeds;
fig. 7 shows the measurement results and relative errors for different rotational accelerations.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the system for measuring rotation speed and acceleration by using the double quantum number OAM beam according to the present embodiment includes a laser 1, a single mode fiber 2, a double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation module 3, a beam splitter 4, an optical system 5, an optical filter 7, a detector 8, a time-frequency analysis signal processor 9 and a display module 10,
the laser signal emitted by the laser 1 is irradiated to the double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation module 3 after being regulated by the single-mode optical fiber 2, the regulated laser signal is modulated by the double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation module 3, the modulated double quantum number orbital angular momentum optical signal is output to be incident to the optical system 5, the optical system 5 collimates and emits the modulated double quantum number orbital angular momentum optical signal to the rotating target 6 to be detected, the rotating target 6 to be detected reflects the light carrying the transverse rotating speed and the acceleration information back to the optical system 5, the optical system 5 converges the light carrying the transverse rotating speed and the acceleration information to the optical splitter 4, the light output by the optical splitter 4 is incident to the optical filter 7, the light after the background noise is filtered by the optical filter 7 is incident to the detector 8, a series of periodic signals are output by the detector 8,
the time-frequency analysis signal processor 9 is configured to perform a time-frequency process of sliding window fourier transform on a series of periodic signals, to obtain a series of intermediate frequency frequencies,
the display module 10 is used for obtaining the transverse rotation speed and acceleration of the rotation target to be measured according to a series of intermediate frequency.
In this embodiment, a combination of a double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation method and a sliding window-based time-frequency analysis signal processing method is adopted, the intermediate frequency of the double quantum number orbital angular momentum signal is used to obtain a rotation speed, and the sliding window is used to process the echo signal to obtain a time-frequency analysis result of the intermediate frequency signal, thereby obtaining the acceleration of the target. Thereby achieving simultaneous acquisition of the target lateral rotation speed and acceleration. The time-frequency analysis signal processor 9 measures not only the intermediate frequency but also the change of the analysis intermediate frequency with time, thereby realizing the simultaneous measurement of the rotation speed and the rotation acceleration.
As shown in fig. 1, the single transverse mode continuous laser is turned on to emit a laser signal, which is further adjusted by a single mode fiber. The laser signal modulated by the single-mode fiber can obtain a better mode so as to ensure the modulation efficiency of the orbital angular momentum signal. The adjusted laser signal irradiates the spatial light modulator to modulate the double quantum number orbital angular momentum signal, a double quantum number orbital angular momentum phase diagram loaded on the spatial light modulator is shown in fig. 4, and the intensity distribution of the modulated double quantum number orbital angular momentum signal is shown in fig. 5. The modulated double quantum number orbital angular momentum signals are collimated and emitted out by an optical system to irradiate a rotating target to be detected. After the reflection of the target, the information carrying the transverse rotation speed omega and the acceleration alpha of the target is returned to a receiving system, which is called echo signal for short.
The echo signals are converged and received by an optical system, firstly enter the receiving system through a beam splitter, then filter background noise through a narrow-band filter, and finally the echo signals are detected by a detector. The echo signal detection results are shown in fig. 2, and are a series of periodic signals. Performing time-frequency analysis based on sliding window to obtain corresponding intermediate frequency { IF } at a series of equidistant time points { Deltat, 2Deltat, … i Deltat … } 1 ,IF 2 ,…IF i … }. According to statistical data as shown in FIG. 3 and according to the relationship between the intermediate frequency and the rotational speedThe data is fitted so that simultaneous measurements of the lateral rotation speed ω and the acceleration α of the target can be obtained.
The double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation is adopted to emit signals with two components, so that interference between echo and local oscillation signals is avoided, and echo signals can be directly detected. In addition, the two component signals are transmitted through the same path, so that the matching problem of local oscillation interference is avoided.
The spatial light modulator is arranged in the double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation module 3, and mainly adopts the spatial light modulator to perform double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation by using the double quantum number phase interference pattern as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
The filter 7 is a narrow band filter.
The second embodiment is as follows: the system for measuring rotational speed and acceleration by using the double quantum number OAM beam according to the first embodiment is further described in this embodiment, and the laser 1 is a single transverse mode continuous laser.
And a third specific embodiment: a method for measuring rotational speed and acceleration of a dual quantum number OAM beam according to the present embodiment will be specifically described with reference to fig. 2, and the method includes the steps of:
step 1, laser signals emitted by a laser 1 are irradiated onto a double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation module 3 after being regulated by a single-mode fiber 2, the regulated laser signals are modulated by the double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation module 3, the modulated double quantum number orbital angular momentum optical signals are output to be incident on an optical system 5, the optical system 5 collimates and emits the modulated double quantum number orbital angular momentum optical signals to a rotating target 6 to be detected, the rotating target 6 to be detected reflects light carrying transverse rotating speed and acceleration information back to the optical system 5, the optical system 5 converges the light carrying transverse rotating speed and acceleration information to a beam splitter 4, the light output by the beam splitter 4 is incident on an optical filter 7, the optical filter 7 is incident on a detector 8 after background noise is filtered, a series of periodic signals are output by the detector 8,
step 2, processing a series of periodic signals by adopting a T time length and a series of equal time intervals to obtain a plurality of intermediate frequency;
and step 3, obtaining the transverse rotation speed and acceleration of the rotation target to be detected according to the relation between the intermediate frequency and the rotation speed and acceleration and the intermediate frequency.
In this embodiment, the double quantum number orbital angular momentum signal refers to the light velocity after the superposition of ±l-order double quantum number orbital angular momentums.
As shown in fig. 2, the fourier transform is performed with the length of T time as one time window, then each time the time is shifted by Δt, the fourier transform is performed with the T time window, and so on, to perform the processing of the sliding window-based time-frequency analysis method of the present patent.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: the method for measuring rotational speed and acceleration by using the double quantum number OAM beam according to the third embodiment is further described in this embodiment, and in step 2, a plurality of intermediate frequency is obtained, and the specific process is as follows:
step 21, taking the T time length as a time window, starting from the start point of a series of periodic signals, taking the T time length signals, and performing Fourier transformation on the signals to obtain a first intermediate frequency IF 1 ；
Step 22,Sliding the time window in the step 21 backwards on a series of periodic signals for a time interval delta T, measuring the signal with the time window position on the series of periodic signals for a time length of T, and performing Fourier transformation on the signal measured at the time to obtain a second intermediate frequency IF 2 ；
Step 23, repeating the operation of step 22 until a series of periodic signals are completed with a time window of time length T, to obtain a series of intermediate frequency { IF } corresponding to the time intervals { Δt,2Δt, … i Δt … } 1 ,IF 2 ,…IF i … }, i is a positive integer.
In the present embodiment, fig. 6 shows measurement results and relative errors for different rotational speeds; fig. 7 shows the measurement results and relative errors for different rotational accelerations. As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, the present application has high measurement accuracy.
Fifth embodiment: referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment is further described with reference to a method for measuring rotational speed and acceleration by using a dual quantum number OAM beam according to the third embodiment, in which in step 3, a relationship between an intermediate frequency and rotational speed and acceleration is:
where IF represents the intermediate frequency, if= { IF 1 ,IF 2 ,…IF i …, w is the transverse rotation speed of the rotating object to be measured, w 0 For a rotational speed when t is equal to 0, α is a lateral rotational acceleration of a rotational target to be measured, t is time, and Δl is a difference of double quantum number orbital angular momentum +l order minus-l order.
Claims (5)
1. The system for measuring the rotation speed and the acceleration by using the double quantum number OAM light beam is characterized by comprising a laser (1), a single-mode fiber (2), a double quantum number orbital angular momentum modulation module (3), a beam splitter (4), an optical system (5), an optical filter (7), a detector (8), a time-frequency analysis signal processor (9) and a display module (10),
the laser signal emitted by the laser (1) is regulated by a single-mode fiber (2) and then irradiates onto a double-quantum orbital angular momentum modulation module (3), the regulated laser signal is modulated by the double-quantum orbital angular momentum modulation module (3), the modulated double-quantum orbital angular momentum optical signal is output and is incident to an optical system (5), the optical system (5) collimates and emits the modulated double-quantum orbital angular momentum optical signal to a rotating target (6) to be detected, the rotating target (6) to be detected reflects light carrying transverse rotating speed and acceleration information back to the optical system (5), the optical system (5) converges the light carrying transverse rotating speed and acceleration information to a beam splitter (4), the light output by the beam splitter (4) is incident to a light filter (7), the light filter (7) is incident to a detector (8) after background noise is filtered, a series of periodic signals are output by the detector (8),
the time-frequency analysis signal processor (9) is used for performing time-frequency processing of sliding window Fourier transform on a series of periodic signals to obtain a series of intermediate frequency,
the display module (10) is used for obtaining the transverse rotation speed and the acceleration of the rotation target to be detected according to a series of intermediate frequency.
2. The system for measuring rotational speed and acceleration of a double quantum number OAM beam according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser (1) is a single transverse mode continuous laser.
3. A method for measuring rotational speed and acceleration of a double quantum number OAM beam, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, after laser signals emitted by a laser (1) are adjusted by a single-mode fiber (2), the laser signals are irradiated to a double-quantum-number orbital angular momentum modulation module (3), the adjusted laser signals are modulated by the double-quantum-number orbital angular momentum modulation module (3), the modulated double-quantum-number orbital angular momentum optical signals are output and are incident to an optical system (5), the optical system (5) collimates and emits the modulated double-quantum-number orbital angular momentum optical signals to a rotating target (6) to be detected, the rotating target (6) to be detected reflects light carrying transverse rotating speed and acceleration information back to the optical system (5), the optical system (5) converges light carrying transverse rotating speed and acceleration information to a beam splitter (4), the light output by the beam splitter (4) is incident to a light filter (7), the light with background noise filtered is incident to a detector (8), and a series of periodic signals are output by the detector (8);
step 2, processing a series of periodic signals by adopting a T time length and a series of equal time intervals to obtain a plurality of intermediate frequency;
and step 3, obtaining the transverse rotation speed and acceleration of the rotation target to be detected according to the relation between the intermediate frequency and the rotation speed and acceleration and the intermediate frequency.
4. The method for measuring rotational speed and acceleration of a double quantum number OAM beam according to claim 3, wherein in step 2, a plurality of intermediate frequency is obtained, and the specific process is as follows:
step 21, taking the T time length as a time window, taking the T time length signal from the start point of a series of periodic signals, and performing Fourier transformation on the signal to obtain a first intermediate frequency IF 1 ；
Step 22, sliding the time window in step 21 backward for a time interval Δt on a series of periodic signals, measuring a series of periodic signals with the time length T, and performing Fourier transformation on the signals measured at this time to obtain a second intermediate frequency IF 2 ；
Step 23, repeating the operation of step 22 until a series of periodic signals are completed with a time window of time length T, to obtain a series of intermediate frequency { IF } corresponding to the time intervals { Δt,2Δt, … i Δt … } 1 ,IF 2 ,…IF i … }, i is a positive integer.
5. A method for measuring rotational speed and acceleration of a dual quantum number OAM beam according to claim 3, wherein in step 3, the relationship between the intermediate frequency and the rotational speed and acceleration is:
where IF represents the intermediate frequency, if= { IF 1 ,IF 2 ,…IF i …, w is the transverse rotation speed of the rotating object to be measured, w 0 For a rotational speed when t is equal to 0, α is a lateral rotational acceleration of a rotational target to be measured, t is time, and Δl is a difference of double quantum number orbital angular momentum +l order minus-l order.
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| CN108680768A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-10-19 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of method and apparatus of detection rotary body angular acceleration |
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| CN103837904A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-06-04 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Combination inertial sensor based on multi-component atom interferometer and measurement method of combination inertial sensor |
| DE102015013298A1 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-13 | Thomas Hübner | Feldbrückenschlag mechanism for controlling the angular momentum (spin) of the electron |
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