CN112326709B - Microscopic region identification lithium metal and LiC on lithium ion battery cathode6Method (2) - Google Patents
Microscopic region identification lithium metal and LiC on lithium ion battery cathode6Method (2) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying metal lithium and LiC on a lithium ion battery cathode in a microscopic region6Belonging to the technical field of lithium ion battery use. The method bombards the surface of the cathode of the overcharged lithium ion battery by using ion beams, and then receives secondary ions emitted by the surface to carry out7The surface distribution analysis of Li positive ions is carried out by breaking the material surface into characteristically charged particle fragments and using mass spectrometry7Surface distribution analysis of Li positive ions, having on metallic lithium7Li, but relatively weak, and LiC6On7The signal of Li is very high, and metallic lithium can be distinguished from LiC at the nanometer level6Analysis of metallic lithium on LiC6In the first-mentioned reaction solution, the lithium metal and the LiC are realized6And distinguishing positions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy materials, and particularly relates to a method for identifying metal lithium and LiC on a lithium ion battery cathode in a microscopic region6The method of (1).
Background
A lithium ion battery is a secondary battery (rechargeable battery) that mainly operates by movement of lithium ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. During charging and discharging, Li+Embedding and de-embedding between the two electrodes; upon charging, Li+Is extracted from the positive electrode, is inserted into the negative electrode through the electrolyte, and the negative electrode is arrangedA lithium-rich state; the opposite is true during discharge. And (3) anode material: graphite is mostly adopted, lithium ions are removed and inserted during negative electrode reaction discharge, lithium ions are inserted during charging, and the lithium ion battery is characterized in that: xLi++xe-+6C → LixC 6; during discharging: LixC6 → xLi++xe-+6C。
However, lithium ion batteries have a plurality of potential safety hazards in the use process, one of the potential safety hazards is that under the condition of overcharge, the surface of a negative electrode has both metal lithium and LiC6The lithium is excessively inserted into the negative electrode to cause the growth of the metal lithium, and dendritic metal of the metal lithium is generated on the basis of the metal lithium sites to pierce the diaphragm to cause the short circuit of the battery, so that local overheating is brought, and combustion explosion and the like are caused. However, the formation of metallic lithium is a microscopic phenomenon and is difficult to observe; and due to the metal lithium and LiC6The surface has a SEI film with similar composition, and it is very difficult to analyze the difference by using carbon element or spectroscopic techniques. In addition, the characterization of lithium element in the prior art has great limitation, which is mainly because the lithium element is No. 3 element, the relative atomic mass is very low, the characteristic X-ray energy is weak, and the signal data cannot be obtained by common EDS analysis, so that the lithium metal and the LiC are subjected to the current stage6Resolution in microscopic regions is very difficult.
Therefore, there is a need for identifying lithium metal from LiC in a lithium battery negative electrode6Thereby improving the safety of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the metal lithium and LiC on the cathode of the existing lithium ion battery6The invention aims to provide a method for identifying metal lithium and LiC on a lithium ion battery cathode in a microscopic region6The method of (1) identifying lithium metal and LiC on a negative electrode of a lithium battery6Analysis of lithium metal and LiC6In the distribution of the microstructure, the possible area causing the short circuit of the battery under the overcharge condition is researched, and the safety of the battery is improved.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the microscopic region of the invention identifies the lithium metal and LiC on the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery6The method comprises bombarding the surface of the cathode of the overcharged lithium ion battery with ion beams, receiving secondary ions emitted from the surface, and performing7And analyzing the surface distribution of the Li positive ions.
The microscopic region of the invention identifies the lithium metal and LiC on the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery6The method comprises the following specific steps:
s101, overcharging the lithium ion battery to achieve that 5-40% of lithium is over-inserted into a negative electrode;
s102, washing the negative electrode with an electrolyte solvent to remove soluble lithium salt, and transferring the negative electrode into an ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscope-focused ion beam flight time secondary ion mass spectrometer;
s103, bombarding the cathode intermittently by primary ions, wherein each bombardment time is 0.02S, the interval time is 30S, and receiving the secondary ions emitted from the surface after bombarding for 15-25 times to obtain7Li time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrogram of7And analyzing the surface distribution of the Li positive ions.
In one possible embodiment of the present invention, the primary ions used by the ion beam are Ar+Ions, Ga+Ions, Cs+Ions or O-Ions.
In one possible embodiment of the invention, the area distribution resolution is between 10nm and 100 μm.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention bombards the surface of the negative electrode (metal lithium and LiC) of the lithium ion battery by using ion beams6By breaking the surface of the material into characteristically charged particle fragments, using mass spectrometry techniques7Surface distribution analysis of Li positive ions, having on metallic lithium7Li, but relatively weak, and LiC6On7The signal of Li is very high, and metallic lithium can be distinguished from LiC at the nanometer level6Analysis of metallic lithium on LiC6In the first-mentioned reaction solution, the lithium metal and the LiC are realized6Location areaDividing;
(2) according to the invention, the lithium ion battery is overcharged to achieve 5-40% of cathode over-inserted lithium, so that metal lithium can be formed on the surface of the cathode, and through effective identification, the positions of the cathode at which the metal lithium is easily formed can be determined, so that preparation is made for eliminating potential safety hazards subsequently;
(3) according to the invention, before primary ion bombardment, the electrolyte solvent is used for washing the negative electrode, so that soluble lithium salt can be removed, the interference of the soluble lithium salt can be eliminated as much as possible, the test result is prevented from being influenced, and the identification precision is effectively improved;
(4) the method has the advantages of orderly connection of steps and convenient operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the recognition principle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrum of example 1;
FIG. 3 is the mass spectrum of the secondary ion in example 2 under the scanning electron microscope and flight time.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Although these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that various changes to the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following more detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is presented for purposes of illustration only and not limitation to describe the features and characteristics of the invention, to set forth the best mode of carrying out the invention, and to sufficiently enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
As shown in FIG. 1, the micro-area of the present invention identifies lithium metal and LiC on the negative electrode of a lithium ion battery6The method comprises the following specific steps:
s101, overcharging the lithium ion battery to achieve that 5-40% of lithium is over-inserted into a negative electrode;
s102, washing the negative electrode with an electrolyte solvent to remove soluble lithium salt, and transferring the negative electrode into an ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscope-focused ion beam flight time secondary ion mass spectrometer;
s103, intermittently bombarding the cathode by primary ions, wherein the primary ions adopted by the ion beams are Ar+Ion, Ga+Ions, Cs+Ions or O-Bombarding the ions for 15-25 times for receiving the secondary ions emitted from the surface to obtain the ions, wherein each bombardment time is 0.02s and the interval time is 30s7Li time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrogram of7Analyzing the surface distribution of Li positive ions; the surface distribution resolution is between 10nm and 100 mu m.
It is noted that the method of the present invention advantageously overcomes the disadvantages of lithium metal and LiC6The surface has a SEI film containing similar carbon components, which causes a problem that it is very difficult to analyze the difference by using carbon element and spectrum. In addition, the prior art has great limitation on the characterization of lithium element, which is mainly because the lithium element is No. 3 element, the relative atomic mass is very low, and the signal data cannot be obtained by common EDS analysis, so that the lithium metal and the LiC can be detected6Resolution on the microstructure is very difficult. The technology utilizes the flight time secondary ion mass spectrum technology and carries out comparison7The strength of Li signals well analyzes the lithium metal and the LiC6In the distribution of the microstructure, the possible area causing the short circuit of the battery under the overcharge condition is researched, and the safety of the battery is improved.
The microscopic region of the invention identifies the lithium metal and LiC on the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery6Method of bombarding lithium metal and LiC with an ion beam6By mass spectrometry7Surface distribution analysis of Li positive ion, having on metallic lithium7Li, but relatively weak, and LiC6On the upper part7The signal of Li is very high, so LiC can be analyzed well6The difference between the lithium metal and the LiC is realized6And distinguishing positions.
Example 1
Forming a half cell by the conductive carbon cloth and the metal lithium, embedding lithium, and embedding about 40 percent of lithium,washing the conductive carbon cloth negative electrode with an electrolyte solvent to remove soluble lithium salt, transferring the negative electrode into a Tescan GAIA3 GMU ultrahigh resolution scanning electron microscope-focused ion beam time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometer, and then using Ga+Bombarding the cathode intermittently with ions, wherein each bombardment time is 0.02s, the interval time is 30s, bombarding 20 times, and then performing flight time secondary ion mass spectrometry to obtain the secondary ion mass spectrometry shown in the right part of figure 27The Li flight time secondary ion mass spectrogram has the surface distribution resolution of 10 nm. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the upper right corner7The higher Li thermal field indicates that the top right fiber is LiC6And the middle fiber thermal field is smaller and is metallic lithium. By this analysis, lithium metal and LiC can be distinguished6The position and the shape of the fiber show that the metal lithium mainly grows in the gaps of the carbon fiber, and the diaphragm is mainly punctured in the gaps, so that potential safety hazards are brought.
Example 2
Assembling a commercial spherical artificial graphite cathode and a lithium cobaltate anode into a soft package lithium battery, overcharging the battery to achieve about 5% of cathode over-intercalation lithium, then disassembling the battery, washing the battery cathode with an electrolyte solvent to remove a soluble lithium salt, transferring the electrode into a Tescan GAIA3 GMU ultrahigh resolution scanning electron microscope-focused ion beam flight time secondary ion mass spectrometer, and utilizing Ga to obtain the lithium ion battery+Continuously bombarding the cathode by ions, wherein the bombardment time is 0.02s each time, the interval time is 30s, and bombarding for 25 times to obtain a flight time secondary ion mass spectrogram as shown in the figure 3, and the surface distribution resolution is 100 nm. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the middle part7The higher Li thermal field indicates that the middle material component is LiC6And the upper thermal field is smaller and is metallic lithium. By this analysis, lithium metal and LiC can be distinguished6The position and the shape of the particles are analyzed, and the situation that the metal lithium easily grows on the surface of the negative electrode, the diaphragm is easily punctured, and potential safety hazards are caused is analyzed.
Example 3
Forming a half-cell by using conductive carbon cloth and metal lithium, intercalating lithium by about 30 percent, cleaning a negative electrode of the conductive carbon cloth by using an electrolyte solvent, removing soluble lithium salt, and transferring the negative electrode into a Tescan GAIA3 GMU ultrahigh resolution scanning electron microscope-focused ion beam flight timeSecondary ion mass spectrometer, then with Ar+Intermittently bombarding the cathode by ions, wherein each bombardment time is 0.02s, the interval time is 30s, performing flight time secondary ion mass spectrometry after bombarding for 15 times, and the surface distribution resolution is 100 mu m to obtain the product7Li time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrum.
Example 4
Assembling a commercial spherical artificial graphite cathode and a lithium cobaltate anode into a soft package lithium battery, overcharging the battery to achieve about 15% of cathode over-intercalation lithium, then disassembling the battery, washing the battery cathode with an electrolyte solvent to remove a soluble lithium salt, transferring the electrode into a Tescan GAIA3 GMU ultrahigh resolution scanning electron microscope-focused ion beam flight time secondary ion mass spectrometer, and utilizing Cs to obtain the lithium ion battery+Continuously bombarding the negative electrode by ions, wherein each bombardment time is 0.02s, the interval time is 30s, and bombarding for 18 times to obtain a secondary ion mass spectrogram with flight time and surface distribution resolution of 10 mu m.
The structure and the implementation of the present invention are explained by using the specific embodiments, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the core idea of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. Microscopic region identification lithium metal and LiC on lithium ion battery cathode6The method is characterized in that ion beams are used for bombarding the surface of the cathode of the overcharged lithium ion battery, and then secondary ions emitted by the surface are received for carrying out7Analyzing the surface distribution of Li positive ions; the method comprises the following specific steps:
s101, overcharging the lithium ion battery to achieve 5-40% of cathode over-embedded lithium;
s102, washing the negative electrode with an electrolyte solvent to remove soluble lithium salt, and transferring the negative electrode into an ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscope-focused ion beam flight time secondary ion mass spectrometer;
s103, useIntermittently bombarding the negative electrode by primary ions, wherein the bombarding time is 0.02s each time, the interval time is 30s, bombarding for 15-25 times, and receiving the secondary ions emitted from the surface to obtain7Li time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrogram of7And analyzing the surface distribution of the Li positive ions.
2. The micro-region of claim 1, identifying lithium metal and LiC on a lithium ion battery cathode6The method is characterized in that the primary ions adopted by the ion beam are Ar+Ions, Ga+Ions, Cs+Ions or O-Ions.
3. The micro-region of claim 2, identifying lithium metal and LiC on a lithium ion battery cathode6The method is characterized in that the surface distribution resolution is between 10nm and 100 mu m.
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| CN1933214A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-21 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Anode and lithium battery including the anode |
| WO2017122359A1 (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Lithium ion battery and method for manufacturing same |
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| CN1933214A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-21 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Anode and lithium battery including the anode |
| WO2017122359A1 (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Lithium ion battery and method for manufacturing same |
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| Title |
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| Three-Dimensional Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and DualBeam FIB/SEM Imaging of Lithium-ion Battery Cathode;Chengge Jiao等;《Microsc. Microanal.》;20190831;全文 * |
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