CN112321658A - Method for extracting anthocyanin in aronia melanocarpa fruit - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting anthocyanin from aronia melanocarpa fruits, and belongs to the technical field of chemical extraction. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the anthocyanin is extracted by using the ethanol aqueous solution and eluted by adopting the resin chromatographic column of a specific variety and elution parameters, the material-liquid ratio in the extraction process is small, the concentration and purity of the prepared anthocyanin are high, meanwhile, the method is simple in operation steps, and the requirement on production equipment is low; the method utilizes the extracting method repeatedly, the extracting solution of the previous batch is repeatedly used for extracting the aronia melanocarpa fruits and the filter residues thereof of the next batch, and the eluent of the previous batch is used for eluting the products of the next batch, so that the anthocyanin in each batch of raw materials is fully extracted, the using amount of the solvent can be effectively saved, the concentrating time of the extracting solution is saved, and the cost benefit is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical extraction, and particularly relates to a method for extracting anthocyanin from aronia melanocarpa fruits.
Background
Aronia melanocarpa (Aronia melanocarpa) is a species of Aronia of Rosaceae, and is shrub berries. Originally produced in the northeast of north america, our country has now introduced and grown on a larger scale. The aronia melanocarpa is a precious tree species integrating edible, medicinal and landscaping values, and the fruits of the aronia melanocarpa contain rich anthocyanin, flavone, polyphenol and the like, and have remarkable health-care effects. Polyphenols are very important substances for improving the structure and function of capillaries and blood vessels, and also contribute to the stimulation and improvement of the circulatory system. The anthocyanidin and flavone have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and health promoting effects. Anthocyanin, a flavonoid compound, has unique effects of scavenging free radicals in vivo, resisting tumor, cancer, inflammation and diabetes.
However, most of the existing extraction methods of anthocyanin are solvent extraction methods, and the traditional solvent extraction method mostly adopts a large material-liquid ratio and adds 1: the extraction is carried out by using a solvent with a large proportion of 10-30, the process has low extraction efficiency, large concentration volume, high energy consumption and complex operation steps.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the method for extracting anthocyanin from aronia melanocarpa fruit, which has the characteristics of high extraction efficiency, simple operation steps, reusable solvent and low extraction cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for extracting anthocyanin from Aronia melanocarpa fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) washing and crushing the aronia melanocarpa, and adding an ethanol water solution for extraction to obtain a filtrate A and a filter residue A; the feed-liquid ratio of the aronia melanocarpa fruit to the ethanol water solution is 1g: 1-2 mL;
(2) concentrating the filtrate A obtained in the step (1), and then loading the concentrated filtrate A to a resin chromatographic column; the unit sample loading amount is 8-20 mg/mL; the resin chromatographic column is an AB-8 chromatographic column, a DM21 chromatographic column or a polyamide chromatographic column;
(3) and (3) washing the loaded resin chromatographic column obtained in the step (2) with water to remove impurities, eluting with an ethanol water solution for 3-6 times, concentrating and drying to obtain the solid anthocyanin.
The calculation formula of the sample loading amount is as follows: the total amount of anthocyanin loaded (mg)/volume of resin column (mL).
The extraction method of anthocyanin in aronia melanocarpa fruit provided by the invention has the advantages that the anthocyanin is extracted by using the ethanol water solution and eluted by adopting the resin chromatographic column of a specific variety and elution parameters, the concentration and purity of the prepared anthocyanin are higher, meanwhile, the method has simple operation steps and low requirements on production equipment.
Preferably, the method for extracting anthocyanin from aronia melanocarpa fruit further comprises the following steps:
(4) washing and crushing the filter residue A obtained in the step (1), and adding an ethanol water solution for extraction to obtain a filtrate B and a filter residue B; washing and crushing the filter residue B, and adding an ethanol water solution for extraction to obtain a filtrate C;
(5) and (3) recovering the filtrate B obtained in the step (4) and extracting the aronia melanocarpa fruit, and recovering the filtrate C and extracting the filter residue A obtained in the step (1).
The method has the advantages that the material-liquid ratio in the extraction process is small, the extracting solution of the previous batch is repeatedly used for extracting the aronia melanocarpa fruits and the filter residues of the aronia melanocarpa fruits of the next batch, anthocyanin in each batch of raw materials is fully extracted, the using amount of a solvent can be effectively saved, the concentration time of the extracting solution is saved, and the cost benefit is greatly improved.
Preferably, the volume fraction of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution in the step (1) and the step (3) is 60-80%. The extraction and elution of the raw materials by the high-concentration ethanol solution can effectively improve the extraction rate of anthocyanin, and simultaneously can ensure that the concentration of ethanol in the recovered filtrate can be used for extracting anthocyanin in the raw materials of the next batch. More preferably, the volume fraction of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution in the step (1) is 75%. The ethanol solution with the concentration can be used for extracting raw materials to ensure that the anthocyanin extraction concentration is higher.
Preferably, the temperature in the concentration in the step (2) is less than or equal to 60 ℃, and the mass content of the ethanol in the concentrated solution after the concentration is less than or equal to 5%. The excessive concentration temperature can cause the deterioration of part of the extract, and the excessive ethanol content in the concentrated solution can influence the adsorption of the resin on anthocyanin in the subsequent sample loading process.
Preferably, the ratio of the hourly flow of the concentrated solution after concentration in the sample loading process in the step (2) to the volume of the resin chromatographic column is 1-4: 1. The resin chromatographic column can sufficiently adsorb anthocyanin in the sample by limiting the flow amount in the sample loading process.
Preferably, the extraction time in the step (1) is 2.5-3.5 h. The anthocyanin in the aronia melanocarpa can be fully extracted by the ethanol in the time. In the step (4), the extraction time in the process of repeatedly extracting to obtain the filtrate B and the filtrate C is 1.5-2.5 hours and 0.5-1.5 hours respectively. The anthocyanin content in the filter residue obtained by subsequent extraction gradually decreases, so that the extraction time can be properly reduced, and the production efficiency is increased.
Preferably, the resin chromatography column of step (2) is a polyamide chromatography column. The resin chromatographic column has the highest adsorption selectivity and elution efficiency on anthocyanin in the raw materials.
Preferably, the ratio of the elution amount of each elution in the step (3) to the volume of the resin chromatographic column is 1: 1.
Preferably, the washing impurity removal in the step (3) is carried out by washing with deionized water, and the washing frequency is more than or equal to 3 times. Through the specific times of water washing, not only can water-soluble impurities be removed, but also the extraction rate of anthocyanin can be ensured.
Preferably, the concentration and drying process in the step (3) is vacuum concentration and drying, the temperature of the concentration and drying is 45-55 ℃, and the time is 0.8-1.2 h.
Preferably, when the elution times in the step (3) are more than 3, concentrating and drying the eluent after the first 3 times of elution to obtain solid anthocyanin, and collecting the eluent after the subsequent elution to be used for eluting instead of the ethanol water solution in the extraction process of anthocyanin in the aronia melanocarpa fruit. By the steps, the extraction rate of anthocyanin can be ensured in the process of extracting large quantities of anthocyanin, the time and cost for concentration and drying are saved, and the industrial batch production can be effectively realized.
Compared with the prior art, the extraction method of anthocyanin in aronia melanocarpa fruit provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that the anthocyanin is extracted by using an ethanol water solution and eluted by adopting a resin chromatographic column of a specific variety and elution parameters, the material-liquid ratio in the extraction process is small, the concentration and purity of the prepared anthocyanin are high, and meanwhile, the method is simple in operation steps and low in requirements on production equipment; the method utilizes the extracting method repeatedly, the extracting solution of the previous batch is repeatedly used for extracting the aronia melanocarpa fruits and the filter residues thereof of the next batch, and the eluent of the previous batch is used for eluting the products of the next batch, so that the anthocyanin in each batch of raw materials is fully extracted, the using amount of the solvent can be effectively saved, the concentrating time of the extracting solution is saved, and the cost benefit is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the examples of the present invention and comparative examples were commercially available, and the production equipment used was a commercially available common model.
For better illustrating the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be understood in detail, but not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The invention relates to an embodiment of a method for extracting anthocyanin in aronia melanocarpa.
The method for extracting anthocyanin in Aronia melanocarpa fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting three batches of aronia melanocarpa fruits with the same producing area, size, growth vigor and weight, respectively, washing and crushing the first batch of aronia melanocarpa fruits, adding 75% ethanol water solution, stirring and extracting for 3 hours, and performing suction filtration and solid-liquid separation by using 400-mesh filter cloth to obtain filtrate A and filter residue A; the feed-liquid ratio of the aronia melanocarpa fruit to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1g to 1.5 mL;
(2) concentrating the filtrate A obtained in the step (1) at 60 ℃ until the ethanol content is less than 5%, and loading the concentrated filtrate A to a 200mL polyamide resin chromatographic column; the unit sample loading amount is 10mg/mL, and the flow rate in the sample loading process is 8.3 mL/min;
(3) washing the loaded resin chromatographic column obtained in the step (2) with water for 3 times (total 600mL, flow rate of 10mL/min) to remove impurities, eluting with ethanol water solution for 6 times (total 1200mL), collecting the eluent obtained in the previous 3 times, performing vacuum concentration at low temperature, and drying at 50 ℃ for 1h to obtain the solid anthocyanin; the resin chromatographic column is a polyamide chromatographic column; the volume ratio of the elution amount to the resin chromatographic column in each elution is 1:1, and the elution flow rate is 10 mL/min;
(4) repeating the steps of extracting and solid-liquid separating in the step (1) on the filter residue A obtained in the step (1) to obtain a filtrate B and a filter residue B, wherein the extracting time is 2 hours; repeating the extraction and solid-liquid separation steps in the step (1) on the filter residue B to obtain a filtrate C, wherein the extraction time is 1 h; recovering the filtrate B and the filtrate C and using the recovered filtrate to replace the ethanol water solution in the step (1) to respectively extract the second batch of aronia melanocarpa fruits and the obtained filter residue A', and simultaneously using the eluent obtained in the last 3 times of the elution process in the step (3) to replace the ethanol water solution in the elution process in the step (3) of the second batch of raw materials to carry out elution; repeating the steps until the extraction of anthocyanin in the third batch of aronia melanocarpa fruit is completed.
Measuring, recording and sorting technical parameters in the processes of extraction, elution and finished product preparation of anthocyanin in the first batch of aronia melanocarpa fruits and the anthocyanin content of samples in the processes, wherein the technical parameters are shown in table 1 (extraction process data) and table 2 (chromatographic separation and concentration data).
Wherein, the anthocyanin related content of the raw material aronia melanocarpa fruit is detected by the following method:
(1) 50g of aronia melanocarpa jelly fruits are taken and crushed in a crusher. Precisely weighing 5g of the crushed sample, placing the sample in a 250mL beaker, adding 95mL of methanol, mechanically stirring for 30min, filtering the sample by using a Buchner funnel, placing the filtered sample in a 100mL volumetric flask, metering the volume by using the methanol, sucking 1mL of the volumetric flask, metering the volume to 50mL by using 0.1% (V/V) hydrochloric acid methanol solution, and shaking up to obtain the liquid to be detected.
(2) Taking 0.1% (V/V) methanol hydrochloride solution as a blank reference sample, and testing the absorbance A of the solution to be detected under the conditions of 528nm absorption wavelength and 1cm cuvette;
(3) the content of anthocyanin in the Aronia melanocarpa fruit is calculated by the mass fraction W of C3G3And calculating, wherein the numerical value is expressed by percentage, and the specific formula is as follows: content (%) ═ 100% (a × f)/(718 × m); wherein A is the absorbance A of the solution to be detected, f is the dilution multiple of the solution to be detected, m is the mass (g) of the Aronia melanocarpa fruit sample, and 718 is the percent absorbance (E) of C3G1％ 1cm)。
The related contents of anthocyanin in the filtrate, the water washing liquid, the concentrated solution and the like are detected by the following method:
(1) accurately weighing 15-20 mg (accurate to 0.01mg) of a sample to be detected, putting the sample into a volumetric flask, adding 0.1% (V/V) hydrochloric acid methanol solution to fix the volume to 100mL, shaking up, accurately sucking 5mL, putting the sample into a 50mL volumetric flask, adding 0.1% (V/V) hydrochloric acid methanol solution to fix the volume, and shaking up.
(2) Taking 0.1% (V/V) methanol hydrochloride solution as a blank reference sample, and testing the absorbance A of the solution to be detected under the conditions of 528nm absorption wavelength and 1cm cuvette;
(3) the content of anthocyanin in the filtrate, water washing solution, concentrated solution, etc. is calculated by mass fraction W of C3G3And calculating, wherein the numerical value is expressed by percentage, and the specific formula is as follows: content (%) ═ 100% (a × f)/(718 × m); wherein A is the absorbance A of the solution to be detected, f is the dilution multiple of the solution to be detected, m is the mass (g) of the Aronia melanocarpa fruit sample, and 718 is the percent absorbance (E) of C3G1％ 1cm)。
The calculation formula of the anthocyanin loading amount in table 2 is as follows: (total amount of anthocyanin loaded-collecting product solid anthocyanin-washing with water to obtain anthocyanin) (mg)/volume of resin chromatographic column (mL).
TABLE 1
Note: the technical parameters are obtained by measuring the filtrate after extraction
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, the extraction method for anthocyanin in the embodiment has high extraction efficiency and high anthocyanin elution and separation degree, and the content of anthocyanin in the prepared aronia melanocarpa solid anthocyanin product is more than 30%; meanwhile, the inventor tests the anthocyanin content of the solid anthocyanin products of the second batch and the third batch, wherein the anthocyanin content is 32.52 percent and 33.61 percent respectively, which shows that the extraction filtrate and the eluent can be recycled by extracting the anthocyanin in the aronia melanocarpa fruit, and the anthocyanin content in the products of each batch is more than 30 percent.
Example 2
The invention relates to an embodiment of a method for extracting anthocyanin in aronia melanocarpa.
The method for extracting anthocyanin in Aronia melanocarpa fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting three batches of aronia melanocarpa fruits with the same producing area, size, growth vigor and weight, respectively, washing and crushing the first batch of aronia melanocarpa fruits, adding 60% ethanol water solution, stirring and extracting for 3.5h, and performing suction filtration and solid-liquid separation by using 400-mesh filter cloth to obtain filtrate A and filter residue A; the feed-liquid ratio of the aronia melanocarpa fruit to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1g to 1.5 mL;
(2) concentrating the filtrate A obtained in the step (1) at 60 ℃ until the ethanol content is less than 5%, and loading the concentrated filtrate A to a 200mL polyamide resin chromatographic column; the unit sample loading amount is 20mg/mL, and the flow rate in the sample loading process is 5.3 mL/min;
(3) washing the loaded resin chromatographic column obtained in the step (2) with water for 3 times (total 600mL, flow rate of 10mL/min) to remove impurities, eluting with an ethanol aqueous solution for 4 times (total 800mL), collecting the eluent obtained in the previous 3 times, performing vacuum concentration at low temperature, and drying at 50 ℃ for 1h to obtain the solid anthocyanin; the resin chromatographic column is a polyamide chromatographic column; the volume ratio of the elution amount to the resin chromatographic column in each elution is 1:1, and the elution flow rate is 10 mL/min;
(4) repeating the steps of extracting and solid-liquid separating in the step (1) on the filter residue A obtained in the step (1) to obtain a filtrate B and a filter residue B, wherein the extracting time is 2.5 hours; repeating the extraction and solid-liquid separation steps in the step (1) on the filter residue B to obtain a filtrate C, wherein the extraction time is 1.5 h; recovering the filtrate B and the filtrate C and using the recovered filtrate to replace the ethanol water solution in the step (1) to respectively extract the second batch of aronia melanocarpa fruits and the obtained filter residue A', and simultaneously using the eluent obtained in the last 1 time in the elution process of the step (3) to replace the ethanol water solution in the elution process of the step (3) of the second batch of raw materials to carry out elution; repeating the steps until the extraction of anthocyanin in the third batch of aronia melanocarpa fruit is completed.
Example 3
The method for extracting anthocyanin in Aronia melanocarpa fruit comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting three batches of aronia melanocarpa fruits with the same producing area, size, growth vigor and weight, respectively, washing and crushing the first batch of aronia melanocarpa fruits, adding 80% ethanol water solution, stirring and extracting for 2.5h, and performing suction filtration and solid-liquid separation by using 400-mesh filter cloth to obtain filtrate A and filter residue A; the feed-liquid ratio of the aronia melanocarpa fruit to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1g to 1.5 mL;
(2) concentrating the filtrate A obtained in the step (1) at 60 ℃ until the ethanol content is less than 5%, and loading the concentrated filtrate A to a 200mL polyamide resin chromatographic column; the unit sample loading amount is 8mg/mL, and the flow rate in the sample loading process is 10.3 mL/min;
(3) washing the loaded resin chromatographic column obtained in the step (2) with water for 3 times (total 600mL, flow rate of 10mL/min) to remove impurities, eluting with an ethanol aqueous solution for 3 times (total 600mL), concentrating the obtained eluent at low temperature under vacuum and reduced pressure, and drying at 50 ℃ for 1h to obtain the solid anthocyanin; the resin chromatographic column is a polyamide chromatographic column; the volume ratio of the elution amount to the resin chromatographic column in each elution is 1:1, and the elution flow rate is 10 mL/min;
(4) repeating the steps of extracting and solid-liquid separating in the step (1) on the filter residue A obtained in the step (1) to obtain a filtrate B and a filter residue B, wherein the extracting time is 1.5 h; repeating the extraction and solid-liquid separation steps in the step (1) on the filter residue B to obtain a filtrate C, wherein the extraction time is 0.5 h; and (3) recovering the filtrate B and the filtrate C, and replacing the ethanol aqueous solution in the step (1) to respectively extract the second batch of the aronia melanocarpa fruits and the obtained filter residue A', and repeating the steps until the extraction of anthocyanin in the third batch of the aronia melanocarpa fruits is completed.
Example 4
The difference between this example and example 1 is only that the resin chromatography column in step (3) is an AB-8 chromatography column.
Example 5
The difference between this example and example 1 is only that the resin chromatographic column in step (3) is a DM21 chromatographic column.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 1 only in that the resin chromatography column is an XAD-7 chromatography column.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from example 1 only in that the resin chromatography column is a D101 chromatography column.
The effluent after the sample loading in step (3) of examples 1, 4 to 5, and 1 to 2 was collected, the volume thereof was measured, the amount of the supported anthocyanin and the amount of the supported solid were measured, and the anthocyanin supported purity of each column was calculated, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| Examples/comparative examples | Solid load/mg/mL | Anthocyanin loading/mg/mL | Resin chromatographic column negativePurity of anthocyanin carried% |
| Example 1 | 26.89 | 9.83 | 36.58 |
| Example 4 | 52.73 | 9.72 | 18.44 |
| Example 5 | 38.29 | 9.92 | 25.91 |
| Comparative example 1 | 30.52 | 6.34 | 20.77 |
| Comparative example 2 | 36.87 | 7.42 | 20.12 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the resin chromatography columns described in examples 1 and 4-5 and comparative examples 1-2 all have better selectivity for anthocyanin in Aronia melanocarpa fruit, and the polyamide chromatography column is more favorable for producing high-purity anthocyanin extraction products. The resin chromatographic columns of comparative examples 1-2 have low anthocyanin loading and small input in a single extraction process, thereby increasing the actual production cost.
Example 6
This example differs from example 1 only in that the unit loading in step (2) is 8 mg/mL.
Example 7
This example differs from example 1 only in that the unit loading in step (2) is 14 mg/mL.
Example 8
This example differs from example 1 only in that the unit loading in step (2) is 20 mg/mL.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that the unit loading amount described in step (2) is 6 mg/mL.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that the unit loading in step (2) is 22 mg/mL.
The effluent and the water-washed collection solution after the sample loading in the step (3) of examples 1, 6 to 8, and 3 to 4 were collected, and the volume thereof was measured, and the concentration of anthocyanin was measured to calculate the transfer rate of anthocyanin, and the results are shown in table 4. The transfer rate calculation formula of anthocyanin is as follows: (anthocyanin in loading effluent + anthocyanin amount of water washing solution)/total anthocyanin amount of loading + 100%.
TABLE 4
| Examples/comparative examples | The anthocyanin transmission rate% |
| Example 1 | 4.45 |
| Example 6 | 4.19 |
| Example 7 | 4.9 |
| Example 8 | 5.65 |
| Comparative example 3 | 3.98 |
| Comparative example 4 | 6.12 |
As can be seen from Table 4, as the sample loading amount per unit is increased, the transfer rate of anthocyanin is gradually increased, which causes the loss of materials and the cost of subsequent recycling; however, too low a transfer rate will result in a small input amount in a single extraction process, which increases the production cost. After the calculation of the inventor, the method of the invention is carried out with the unit loading amount of 10mg/mL, and the efficiency and the cost performance are highest.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for extracting anthocyanin in Aronia melanocarpa fruit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) washing and crushing the aronia melanocarpa, and adding an ethanol water solution for extraction to obtain a filtrate A and a filter residue A; the feed-liquid ratio of the aronia melanocarpa fruit to the ethanol water solution is 1g: 1-2 mL;
(2) concentrating the filtrate A obtained in the step (1), and then loading the concentrated filtrate A to a resin chromatographic column; the unit sample loading amount is 8-20 mg/mL; the resin chromatographic column is an AB-8 chromatographic column, a DM21 chromatographic column or a polyamide chromatographic column;
(3) and (3) washing the loaded resin chromatographic column obtained in the step (2) with water to remove impurities, eluting with an ethanol water solution for 3-6 times, concentrating and drying to obtain the solid anthocyanin.
2. The method of extracting anthocyanin from Aronia melanocarpa fruit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
(4) washing and crushing the filter residue A obtained in the step (1), and adding an ethanol water solution for extraction to obtain a filtrate B and a filter residue B; washing and crushing the filter residue B, and adding an ethanol water solution for extraction to obtain a filtrate C;
(5) and (3) recovering the filtrate B obtained in the step (4) and extracting the aronia melanocarpa fruit, and recovering the filtrate C and extracting the filter residue A obtained in the step (1).
3. The method for extracting anthocyanin from Aronia melanocarpa fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution in the steps (1) and (3) is 60-80%.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the volume fraction of ethanol in the aqueous ethanol solution of step (1) is 75%.
5. The method for extracting anthocyanin from Aronia melanocarpa fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extraction time in the step (1) is 2.5-3.5 h.
6. The method for extracting anthocyanin in Aronia melanocarpa fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin chromatography column in the step (2) is a polyamide chromatography column.
7. The method for extracting anthocyanin from aronia melanocarpa fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature in the concentration in the step (2) is less than or equal to 60 ℃, and the mass content of ethanol in the concentrated solution after the concentration is less than or equal to 5%; the flow rate of the concentrated solution after concentration in the sample loading process per hour and the volume ratio of the concentrated solution to the resin chromatographic column are 1-4: 1.
8. The method for extracting anthocyanin in Aronia melanocarpa fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the washing for removing impurities in the step (3) is carried out by using deionized water, and the washing frequency is more than or equal to 3 times.
9. The method for extracting anthocyanin in Aronia melanocarpa fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration and drying process in the step (3) is vacuum concentration and drying, and the temperature of the concentration and drying is 45-55 ℃ and the time is 0.8-1.2 h.
10. The method for extracting anthocyanin in aronia melanocarpa fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the elution times in the step (3) are more than 3, the eluent after the elution times of 1-3 times is concentrated and dried to obtain solid anthocyanin, and the eluent after the subsequent elution is collected and used for elution in the extraction process of anthocyanin in aronia melanocarpa fruit.
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