CN112317940A - Method for predicting mechanical property of annular resistance spot-welded joint - Google Patents
Method for predicting mechanical property of annular resistance spot-welded joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN112317940A CN112317940A CN202011237713.1A CN202011237713A CN112317940A CN 112317940 A CN112317940 A CN 112317940A CN 202011237713 A CN202011237713 A CN 202011237713A CN 112317940 A CN112317940 A CN 112317940A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/36—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for predicting the mechanical property of an annular resistance spot welding joint, and belongs to the technical field of resistance spot welding. The method comprises the following steps: solving the peak temperature, and obtaining the peak temperatures of a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base metal area of the annular resistance spot welding joint by using a finite element analysis method; testing material attributes, and obtaining the material attributes of each area by adopting a thermal cycle simulation and experimental test method according to the peak temperature of each area; establishing a mechanical analysis model, and establishing a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint; giving material properties, namely giving the material properties of a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base material area to corresponding grids of the finite element model; and solving the mechanical property, and simulating the experimental process of the mechanical property test by using a finite element model to accurately predict the failure mode and the mechanical property of the annular resistance spot welding joint. Has the advantages that: the method for predicting the mechanical property of the annular resistance spot welding joint is low in test cost, high in speed and accurate in prediction result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resistance spot welding, in particular to the technical field of spot welding simulation, and particularly relates to a method for predicting the mechanical property of an annular resistance spot welding joint.
Background
The resistance spot welding process is widely applied to the automobile, rail train and aviation industries, and taking automobile connection as an example, each automobile has 3000-5000 welding spots in the production and manufacturing process so as to realize high-strength connection between plates, so the weldability of the resistance spot welding is very important.
After the resistance spot welding is subjected to the coupling action of three fields of thermal power, the mechanical property of the spot welding joint is remarkably changed, so that the mechanical property test of the resistance spot welding joint is required, and the weldability of the resistance spot welding is further judged.
At present, most of tests on the mechanical properties of resistance spot welding at home and abroad mainly adopt an experimental test method, and because the test method for the mechanical properties has high cost and long test period, the search for a simulation method for the mechanical property test of the resistance spot welding joint is particularly important.
Based on the complexity of the fracture of the resistance spot welding joint, the material properties of a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base material area are not considered in the traditional empirical model or the limit load analysis, so that a large difference exists between a simulation result and an experimental test result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the mechanical property of an annular resistance spot welding joint, which solves the problems of high cost and long period of resistance spot welding weldability test, inaccurate prediction result of the traditional model prediction method and the like in the prior art. The invention carries out simulation analysis on the material properties of the nugget area, the heat affected area and the base metal area so as to realize accurate prediction on the mechanical property of the resistance spot welding joint.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the method for predicting the mechanical property of the annular resistance spot welding joint comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: solving for peak temperature: carrying out finite element simulation analysis and physical experiment test on the welding process of the annular resistance spot welding joint, acquiring the temperature distribution of the annular resistance spot welding joint in the welding process, dividing the annular resistance spot welding joint into a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base metal area according to the temperature distribution, and extracting the peak temperature of each area;
step two: and (3) testing the material properties: heating different test pieces to peak temperatures of a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base material area respectively by using a Gleeble heat engine simulation tester, so that the test pieces obtain the same material properties as the regions of the annular resistance spot welding joint; carrying out physical experiment tests on each test piece to obtain the material properties of each area of the annular resistance spot-welded joint;
step three: establishing a mechanical analysis model: establishing a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint, and arranging a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base metal area in the finite element model;
step four: endowing the material with the following properties: giving the material properties of the nugget area, the heat affected area and the base material area measured in the step two to corresponding areas of a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint;
step five: solving the mechanical property: and simulating an experimental process of mechanical property test by using a finite element model to obtain a failure mode and mechanical property of the annular resistance spot welding joint.
The area of the annular resistance spot-welded joint is divided into the following areas according to the peak temperature: a nugget zone of 1500 ℃, a subcritical heat affected zone of 350 ℃, 500 ℃ or 650 ℃, a critical heat affected zone of 760 ℃, a fine grain heat affected zone of 950 ℃, a coarse grain heat affected zone of 1250 ℃ and a parent metal zone.
The method for obtaining the material properties of the nugget area, the heat affected area and the base material area in the annular resistance spot-welded joint comprises the following steps: heating each test piece to 1500 ℃ of a nugget area, 350 ℃, 500 ℃ or 650 ℃ of a subcritical heat affected zone, 760 ℃ of a critical heat affected zone, 950 ℃ of a fine grain heat affected zone, 1250 ℃ of a coarse grain heat affected zone and the peak temperature of a base metal area by using a Gleeble heat engine simulation tester, so that each test piece obtains the same material properties as each area of the annular resistance spot welding joint; and (3) carrying out physical experiment tests on each test piece after thermal cycling to obtain the material properties of each area of the annular resistance spot welding joint, including elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, density and strength.
Establishing a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint comprises the following steps:
establishing a finite element model for constructing an annular resistance spot welding joint, wherein the finite element model comprises the shapes and the sizes of a nugget area, a subcritical heat affected area, a critical heat affected area, a fine grain heat affected area, a coarse grain heat affected area and a base material area;
creating a half or quarter model of the whole model according to the symmetry of the model and the requirement of mechanical property test;
carrying out mesh division on the finite element model, wherein the mesh adopts an eight-node linear hexahedron reduction integral unit;
constraints are applied and boundary conditions are created.
Step four, the attribute of the given material is as follows: and endowing the obtained material properties of each area to the corresponding grid area of the finite element model of the constructed annular resistance spot welding joint.
The solving mechanical property in the fifth step is as follows:
simulating an experimental process of mechanical property test by using a finite element model;
the mechanical property test mode comprises a tensile shear test, a cross tensile test and a fatigue test;
the testing mode and testing parameters of the mechanical property simulation are the same as those of the experimental testing process;
the mechanical property simulation will obtain the failure mode and mechanical properties of the resistance spot weld joint.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the prediction result is accurate: the invention fully considers the material properties of the nugget area, the heat affected area and the parent metal area of the annular resistance spot welding joint, solves the problem of large difference between the prediction result and the experimental result of the traditional empirical model and the extreme load analysis model, and realizes the accurate prediction of the mechanical property of the annular resistance spot welding joint.
2. The failure process is analyzed fully and accurately: the method for predicting the mechanical property of the annular resistance spot welding has the advantage of visualization of the test process, can more fully analyze the failure initiation, propagation and fracture processes of the annular resistance spot welding joint, and realizes accurate analysis of the failure processes of the resistance spot welding joint under different failure modes.
3. The mechanical property test has low cost and high speed: compared with the experimental test process of mechanical properties, the method for predicting the mechanical properties of the annular resistance spot welding does not need to use various types of mechanical property test experimental equipment, can obviously reduce the test cost, and shortens the test period.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of predicting mechanical properties of an annular resistance spot weld joint of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the peak temperature area of a cross-section of an annular resistance spot weld joint of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of a simulated predicted curve and an experimental test curve for a small annular nugget spot weld joint tensile shear performance test in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of simulated predicted and experimental test curves for tensile shear performance testing of a large annular nugget spot weld joint of the invention.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention and its embodiments are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the method for predicting mechanical properties of an annular resistance spot welding joint of the present invention includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: solving for peak temperature: carrying out finite element simulation analysis and physical experiment test on the welding process of the annular resistance spot welding joint, acquiring the temperature distribution of the annular resistance spot welding joint in the welding process, dividing the annular resistance spot welding joint into a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base metal area according to the temperature distribution, and extracting the peak temperature of each area;
step two: and (3) testing the material properties: heating different test pieces to peak temperatures of a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base material area respectively by using a Gleeble heat engine simulation tester, so that the test pieces obtain the same material properties as the regions of the annular resistance spot welding joint; carrying out physical experiment tests on each test piece after thermal cycling to obtain the material properties of each area of the annular resistance spot welding joint;
step three: establishing a mechanical analysis model: establishing a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint, and arranging a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base metal area in the finite element model;
step four: endowing the material with the following properties: giving the material properties of the nugget area, the heat affected area and the base material area measured in the step two to corresponding areas of a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint;
step five: solving the mechanical property: and simulating an experimental process of mechanical property test by using a finite element model to obtain a failure mode and mechanical property of the annular resistance spot welding joint.
The area of the annular resistance spot-welded joint is divided into the following areas according to the peak temperature: a nugget zone of 1500 ℃, a subcritical heat affected zone of 350 ℃, 500 ℃ or 650 ℃, a critical heat affected zone of 760 ℃, a fine grain heat affected zone of 950 ℃, a coarse grain heat affected zone of 1250 ℃, a parent material zone and the like.
The method for obtaining the material properties of the nugget area, the heat affected area and the base material area in the annular resistance spot-welded joint comprises the following steps: heating each test piece to 1500 ℃ of a nugget area, 350 ℃, 500 ℃ or 650 ℃ of a subcritical heat affected zone, 760 ℃ of a critical heat affected zone, 950 ℃ of a fine grain heat affected zone, 1250 ℃ of a coarse grain heat affected zone and the peak temperature of a base metal area by using a Gleeble heat engine simulation tester, so that each test piece obtains the same material properties as each area of the annular resistance spot welding joint; and (3) carrying out physical experiment tests on each test piece after thermal cycling to obtain the material properties of each area of the annular resistance spot-welded joint, wherein the material properties comprise elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, strength and the like.
Establishing a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint comprises the following steps:
establishing a finite element model for constructing an annular resistance spot welding joint, wherein the finite element model comprises the shapes and the sizes of a nugget area, a subcritical heat affected area, a critical heat affected area, a fine grain heat affected area, a coarse grain heat affected area and a base material area;
creating a half or quarter model of the whole model according to the symmetry of the model and the requirement of mechanical property test;
carrying out mesh division on the finite element model, wherein the mesh adopts an eight-node linear hexahedron reduction integral unit;
constraints are applied and boundary conditions are created.
Step four, the attribute of the given material is as follows: and endowing the obtained material properties of each area to the corresponding grid area of the finite element model of the constructed annular resistance spot welding joint.
The solving mechanical property in the fifth step is as follows:
simulating an experimental process of mechanical property test by using a finite element model;
the mechanical property test mode comprises a tensile shear test, a cross tensile test, a fatigue test and the like;
the testing mode and testing parameters of the mechanical property simulation are the same as those of the experimental testing process;
the mechanical property simulation will obtain the failure mode and mechanical properties of the resistance spot weld joint.
Example (b):
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. The following description of the exemplary embodiment(s) is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment relates to a method for predicting mechanical properties of an annular resistance spot welding joint, which mainly comprises the following steps: solving the peak temperature, and obtaining the peak temperatures of a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base metal area of the annular resistance spot welding joint by using a finite element analysis method; testing material attributes, and obtaining the material attributes of each area by adopting a thermal cycle simulation and experimental test method according to the peak temperature of each area; establishing a mechanical analysis model, and establishing a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint; giving material properties, namely giving the material properties of a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base material area to corresponding grids of the finite element model; and solving the mechanical property, and simulating the experimental process of the mechanical property test by using a finite element model to accurately predict the failure mode and the mechanical property of the annular resistance spot welding joint.
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart of a method for predicting mechanical properties of an annular resistance spot welding joint according to the present embodiment is provided. The method for predicting the mechanical property of the annular resistance spot-welded joint provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: solving for peak temperature: carrying out finite element simulation analysis and physical experiment test on the welding process of the annular resistance spot welding joint, acquiring the temperature distribution of the annular resistance spot welding joint in the welding process, dividing the annular resistance spot welding joint into a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base metal area according to the temperature distribution, and extracting the peak temperature of each area;
the mode for acquiring the peak temperature in the welding process of the annular resistance spot welding joint is as follows: the welding process of the ceramic core annular copper electrode resistance spot welding is obtained by carrying out finite element simulation analysis and physical test on ABAQUS finite element software.
According to the heat cycle characteristics of welding materials, selecting areas with similar material properties as the same peak temperature area, and dividing the annular resistance spot welding joint into a nugget area (1500 ℃), a subcritical heat-affected area (350 ℃, 500 ℃, 650 ℃), a critical heat-affected area (760 ℃), a fine grain heat-affected area (950 ℃), a coarse grain heat-affected area (1250 ℃) and a parent metal area.
Fig. 2 is a plot of the peak temperature area of the cross-section of the annular resistance spot weld joint provided in this example.
Step S2: and (3) testing the material properties: heating different test pieces to peak temperatures of a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base material area respectively by using a Gleeble heat engine simulation tester, so that the test pieces obtain the same material properties as the regions of the annular resistance spot welding joint; and carrying out physical experiment tests on the test pieces after the thermal cycle to obtain the material properties of each area of the annular resistance spot-welded joint.
During resistance spot welding, the resulting material properties of the various regions of the annular resistance spot weld joint may vary greatly due to the different thermal cycling conditions experienced.
In the step, a Gleeble thermal engine simulation tester is used for heating a test piece to 350 ℃, 500 ℃, 650 ℃, 760 ℃, 950 ℃, 1250 ℃ and 1500 ℃ respectively, and the thermal cycle process of resistance spot welding is simulated to obtain the similar material properties of each area of the annular resistance spot welding joint.
And (4) carrying out physical experiment tests on the test piece subjected to thermal cycle simulation to obtain material properties such as elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, strength and the like.
Step S3: establishing a mechanical analysis model: establishing a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint, and arranging a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base metal area in the finite element model;
the finite element model of the embodiment is consistent with the shape and the size of the section of the annular resistance spot welding joint, and the finite element model of the spot welding joint is divided into a nugget area, a subcritical heat affected zone, a critical heat affected zone, a fine grain heat affected zone, a coarse grain heat affected zone, a base material area and the like according to the difference of peak temperatures;
creating a half or quarter model of the whole model according to the symmetry of the model and the requirement of mechanical property test;
dividing a grid for the finite element model, wherein the grid adopts an eight-node linear hexahedron reduction integral unit, and the grids of a subcritical heat affected zone, a critical heat affected zone, a fine grain heat affected zone, a coarse grain heat affected zone and a nugget zone are refined, and the side length of the grid is 0.1-0.5 mm;
constraints are applied to the finite element model and boundary conditions are created.
Step S4: endowing the material with the following properties: giving the material properties of the nugget area, the heat affected area and the base material area measured in the step two to corresponding areas of a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint;
and giving the material property data of the elastic modulus, the Poisson ratio, the density, the strength and the like obtained by the thermal cycle simulation of the peak temperature of each area in the step two to the corresponding grid area of the finite element model.
Step S5: solving the mechanical property: and simulating an experimental process of mechanical property test by using a finite element model to obtain a failure mode and mechanical property of the annular resistance spot welding joint.
The finite element model provided by the embodiment can perform finite element simulation on various types of mechanical property tests such as a tensile shear test, a cross tensile test, a fatigue test and the like.
When finite element simulation is performed on the mechanical property test, the adopted test parameters need to be determined according to the test parameters of the actual mechanical property test, such as the tensile rate in the tensile shear test, the frequency in the fatigue test, the stress amplitude and the like.
In the embodiment, the tensile and shearing mechanical properties of the annular resistance spot welding joint are tested by taking the advanced high-strength steel plate with the thickness of 2+2mm as an example and adopting a mode of combining experiments and simulation, the simulation analysis is carried out on ABAQUS finite element software, the tensile speed is 2mm/min, and load-displacement curves obtained by the experiments and the simulation are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
FIG. 3 is a mechanical property test curve of a small annular nugget spot-welded joint, and the fracture mode is interface fracture; FIG. 4 is a mechanical property test curve of a large annular nugget spot weld joint, and the fracture mode is pull-out fracture. According to the load-displacement curve, the experimental and simulated mechanical property curves have good coincidence, and the effectiveness and the accuracy of the prediction method of the mechanical property of the annular resistance spot welding joint are verified.
The above description is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A prediction method for the mechanical property of an annular resistance spot welding joint is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: solving for peak temperature: carrying out finite element simulation analysis and physical experiment test on the welding process of the annular resistance spot welding joint, acquiring the temperature distribution of the annular resistance spot welding joint in the welding process, dividing the annular resistance spot welding joint into a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base metal area according to the temperature distribution, and extracting the peak temperature of each area;
step two: and (3) testing the material properties: heating different test pieces to peak temperatures of a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base material area respectively by using a Gleeble heat engine simulation tester, so that the test pieces obtain the same material properties as the regions of the annular resistance spot welding joint; carrying out physical experiment tests on each test piece to obtain the material properties of each area of the annular resistance spot-welded joint;
step three: establishing a mechanical analysis model: establishing a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint, and arranging a nugget area, a heat affected area and a base metal area in the finite element model;
step four: endowing the material with the following properties: giving the material properties of the nugget area, the heat affected area and the base material area measured in the step two to corresponding areas of a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint;
step five: solving the mechanical property: and simulating an experimental process of mechanical property test by using a finite element model to obtain a failure mode and mechanical property of the annular resistance spot welding joint.
2. The method for predicting the mechanical properties of an annular resistance spot weld joint according to claim 1, wherein: the area of the annular resistance spot-welded joint is divided into the following areas according to the peak temperature: a nugget zone of 1500 ℃, a subcritical heat affected zone of 350 ℃, 500 ℃ or 650 ℃, a critical heat affected zone of 760 ℃, a fine grain heat affected zone of 950 ℃, a coarse grain heat affected zone of 1250 ℃ and a parent metal zone.
3. The method for predicting the mechanical properties of an annular resistance spot weld joint according to claim 1, wherein: the method for obtaining the material properties of the nugget area, the heat affected area and the base material area in the annular resistance spot-welded joint comprises the following steps: heating each test piece to 1500 ℃ of a nugget area, 350 ℃, 500 ℃ or 650 ℃ of a subcritical heat affected zone, 760 ℃ of a critical heat affected zone, 950 ℃ of a fine grain heat affected zone, 1250 ℃ of a coarse grain heat affected zone and the peak temperature of a base metal area by using a Gleeble heat engine simulation tester, so that each test piece obtains the same material properties as each area of the annular resistance spot welding joint; and (3) carrying out physical experiment tests on each test piece after thermal cycling to obtain the material properties of each area of the annular resistance spot welding joint, including elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, density and strength.
4. The method for predicting the mechanical properties of an annular resistance spot weld joint according to claim 1, wherein: establishing a finite element model of the annular resistance spot welding joint comprises the following steps:
establishing a finite element model for constructing an annular resistance spot welding joint, wherein the finite element model comprises the shapes and the sizes of a nugget area, a subcritical heat affected area, a critical heat affected area, a fine grain heat affected area, a coarse grain heat affected area and a base material area;
creating a half or quarter model of the whole model according to the symmetry of the model and the requirement of mechanical property test;
carrying out mesh division on the finite element model, wherein the mesh adopts an eight-node linear hexahedron reduction integral unit;
constraints are applied and boundary conditions are created.
5. The method for predicting the mechanical properties of an annular resistance spot weld joint according to claim 1, wherein: step four, the attribute of the given material is as follows: and endowing the obtained material properties of each area to the corresponding grid area of the finite element model of the constructed annular resistance spot welding joint.
6. The method for predicting the mechanical properties of an annular resistance spot weld joint according to claim 1, wherein: the solving mechanical property in the fifth step is as follows:
simulating an experimental process of mechanical property test by using a finite element model;
the mechanical property test mode comprises a tensile shear test, a cross tensile test and a fatigue test;
the testing mode and testing parameters of the mechanical property simulation are the same as those of the experimental testing process;
the mechanical property simulation will obtain the failure mode and mechanical properties of the resistance spot weld joint.
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| CN111581862A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-25 | 湖南大学 | Equivalent test method for mechanical property of welding joint microcell |
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| US20150294051A1 (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2015-10-15 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method and system for determining welding sequences |
| US20130092663A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Yung-Li Lee | Method of predicting spot weld failure |
| CN107871029A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-04-03 | 首都航天机械公司 | Predict the Finite Element Method of ageing strengthening Aluminum Alloy TIG Welding joint breaking process |
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