CN112317724B - Method for fixing ceramic shell for directional solidification - Google Patents
Method for fixing ceramic shell for directional solidification Download PDFInfo
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- CN112317724B CN112317724B CN202011220088.XA CN202011220088A CN112317724B CN 112317724 B CN112317724 B CN 112317724B CN 202011220088 A CN202011220088 A CN 202011220088A CN 112317724 B CN112317724 B CN 112317724B
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- directional solidification
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- WSNMPAVSZJSIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N COc1c(C)c2COC(=O)c2c(O)c1CC(O)C1(C)CCC(=O)O1 Chemical compound COc1c(C)c2COC(=O)c2c(O)c1CC(O)C1(C)CCC(=O)O1 WSNMPAVSZJSIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000044283 Toxicodendron succedaneum Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fixing a ceramic shell for directional solidification, and belongs to the technical field of ceramic shell preparation. Firstly, arranging an annular groove on the edge of a wax mould chassis; a convex locking structure I is arranged on the side part of the wax mould chassis; the wax mould chassis mould is used for preparing a shell, the bottom of the shell is provided with an annular bulge, and the side surface of the shell is provided with 4 sunken locking structures; then, arranging a flow resistance groove matched with the annular bulge on the upper surface of the chilling chassis, and arranging 4 trapezoidal bulge locking structures II on the side surface of the chilling chassis; and (3) aligning the openings of the peripheral concave structures of the shell with the convex locking structures II on the chilling plate, pushing the shell downwards to be tightly close to the surface of the chilling plate, and then rotating the shell clockwise until the shell is tightly matched with the chilling plate. The method can improve the contact tightness degree of the bottom of the shell and the chilling disc, and avoid the steel leakage phenomenon generated at the gap between the bottom of the shell and the chilling disc.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic shell preparation, in particular to a method for fixing a ceramic shell for directional solidification, which is suitable for preparing single crystal and directional casting ceramic shells.
Background
With the continuous increase of inlet temperature of aero-engines and gas turbines, higher temperature bearing capacity requirements are put forward on hot end parts of cast high-temperature alloys. Cast superalloys have undergone a progression from equiaxed to oriented, single crystal. The directional solidification technology is that a mould shell is placed on a chilling plate, the mould shell is heated to about 1500 ℃ in a heat preservation furnace, then molten high-temperature alloy is poured into the mould shell, and the pouring temperature is generally 1500-. After the molten high-temperature alloy is poured, the shell needs to be continuously heated in a heat-preserving furnace, after standing for a period of time (generally 10min), the shell is drawn at a certain speed (generally 3-10mm/min) to a water-cooling (HRS process) sleeve at the bottom of the heat-preserving furnace or a low-melting-point cooling medium (LMC process), so that the directional solidification of the casting is realized.
Unlike the shells of isometric crystal castings, the greatest feature of the oriented and single crystal shells is that, except for the area where the gates are open, the lower part of the shell, i.e. the bottom of the seed-taking section or spiral seed selector of the casting, must be open: when the shell is placed on the chilling plate and molten high-temperature alloy is poured into the shell, the high-temperature alloy can be in contact with the chilling plate at the opening at the lower part of the shell and is rapidly solidified, and a layer of chilling grains is generated. In addition, because the chilling plate has low temperature, longitudinal temperature gradient is generated for the high-temperature alloy, and the crystal grains of the chilling layer compete for growth, so that a directional columnar crystal structure is generated, or a single crystal structure is formed by passing through a spiral crystal selector.
Although the chilling plate has low temperature (the upper surface temperature is about 400-1600 ℃), the poured molten high-temperature alloy liquid (1500-1600 ℃) cannot be instantly solidified. When the bottom of the shell and the chilling disc cannot be in close contact with each other, molten high-temperature alloy liquid can completely flow out from a gap between the bottom of the shell and the chilling disc, and cannot fill the inner cavity of the shell, so that the steel leakage phenomenon is caused, castings are scrapped, serious economic loss is caused, and equipment is damaged. Therefore, a new shell fixing process is urgently needed to be explored, the close contact degree between the shell and the chilling chassis is enhanced, and the steel leakage phenomenon generated from a gap between the bottom of the shell and the chilling chassis is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for fixing a ceramic shell for directional solidification, which can improve the contact tightness between the bottom of the shell and a chilling disc and avoid the steel running phenomenon generated at a gap between the bottom of the shell and the chilling disc.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of fixing a ceramic shell for directional solidification, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) designing a wax mould chassis mould:
when a wax mold of a casting chassis is designed, an annular groove is arranged at a position (which cannot interfere with a crystallization section of a casting) which is 1-20mm away from the inner side of the edge of the wax mold chassis; a convex locking structure I is arranged on the side part of the wax mould chassis;
(2) preparing a shell:
carrying out directional or single crystal ceramic shell preparation by using the wax mould chassis mould designed in the step (1), wherein the bottom of the prepared ceramic shell is provided with an annular bulge (flow blocking structure), and the side surface of the prepared ceramic shell is provided with 4 concave locking structures;
(3) preparing a chilling chassis:
the outline dimension of the chilling chassis is phi 100-300mm, and the height is 10-200 mm; the upper surface of the chilling chassis is provided with a groove structure (a choke groove) matched with the annular bulge at the bottom of the shell, and when the shell is placed on the chilling chassis, the annular bulge on the shell is matched and clamped with the choke groove on the upper surface of the chilling chassis; 4 trapezoidal convex locking structures II are arranged on the side surface of the chilling chassis and at positions corresponding to the concave structures on the side surface of the ceramic shell chassis;
(4) assembling the shell and the chilling plate:
and (3) aligning the openings of the peripheral concave structures of the shell with the convex locking structures II on the chilling plate, pushing the shell downwards to be tightly close to the surface of the chilling plate, and then rotating the shell clockwise until the shell is tightly matched with the chilling plate.
In the step (1), the wax mold of the casting bottom plate is a cylindrical structure with the thickness of phi 100-; the radial longitudinal section of the annular groove along the wax pattern chassis is of a semicircular structure with the radius R being 1mm-5mm, and the annular groove takes a chassis wax pattern dot as the center. The design of the wax mould chassis can form a convex flow resisting structure on the casting shell.
In the step (1), the protrusion locking structures I are uniformly provided with 4 inverted L-shaped protrusions on the side surface of the wax mould chassis in the circumferential direction with the distance of more than or equal to 10mm from the surface with the annular groove; the dimensions of the inverted-L-shaped protrusion are as follows: the height h1 of one side is more than or equal to 10mm, the height h2 of the other side is 3mm to (h1-5) mm, the width w1 of the upper part is more than or equal to 10mm, the width w2 of the lower part is 5mm to (w1-3) mm, and the thickness t of the bulge is 5-10 mm. The convex locking structure on the side surface of the wax mould chassis can form a concave locking structure on the casting shell.
In the step (3), the size of the trapezoidal convex locking structure II is as follows: the shorter side length h4 is more than or equal to h2, the upper side length w3 is more than or equal to w2 and w3 is more than or equal to w1-w2, the longer side length h3 is more than or equal to h2, and the plane L1 is more than or equal to the plane L3. The design aims to enable the trapezoidal convex locking structure on the periphery of the chilling chassis to smoothly pass through w2 and achieve the purpose of tight fit with the locking mechanism of the shell after the shell is rotated clockwise.
And (4) assembling the shell and the chilling disc and performing directional solidification, rotating the shell along the anticlockwise direction after the directional solidification is finished, and then pulling the shell upwards until the shell is taken out, so that the shell can be cleaned.
The design principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
in the invention, the flow resistance groove is additionally arranged on the upper surface of the chilling disc, and in the preparation process of the shell, the flow resistance protrusion additionally arranged on the bottom surface of the shell is matched with the flow resistance groove on the upper surface of the chilling disc; and locking mechanisms are additionally arranged on the periphery of the shell chassis and the chilling plate, so that the trapezoidal convex locking structures on the periphery of the chilling chassis can smoothly pass through the concave structures on the side surface of the shell during directional solidification, and after the shell is rotated clockwise, the locking mechanisms are tightly matched with the locking mechanisms of the shell to prevent steel from running.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the design of flow-resisting grooves on the bottom plate of a wax mold in the fixing method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the dimension of the locking structure on the side of the wax pattern chassis in the fixing method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the locking mechanism dimensions around the chill plate in the present method of securing.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, the following description is given in conjunction with the examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the present invention, features and advantages.
The invention provides a method for fixing a ceramic shell for directional solidification, which comprises the following steps:
1. designing a wax mould chassis mould:
(1.1) wax mould chassis flow-blocking groove: according to the size and the shape of the prepared casting crystallization section, a casting chassis wax mold (the commonly used size is phi 100 and 300mm) mold is designed: and a semicircular groove with the radius R of 1mm-5mm is arranged at a position 1-20mm away from the inner side of the edge of the wax mould chassis (the semicircular groove cannot interfere with a crystal growing section of a casting), and the groove is distributed in a circumferential manner by taking a chassis wax mould dot as a center. As shown in fig. 1. The design of the wax mould chassis can form a convex flow resisting structure on the casting shell. When the chassis wax pattern mould is designed, a light metal or nonmetal reinforcing plate can be added in the chassis wax pattern to prevent the wax pattern from deforming. The reinforcing plate can be automatically removed after dewaxing.
(1.2) a wax mould chassis side locking mechanism: the thickness of the wax mould chassis is 10-80mm, the circumferential direction with the distance between the surface of the groove and the circumferential surface of the wax mould chassis being more than or equal to 10mm is uniformly distributed with 4 inverted L-shaped bulges, and the size of the L-shaped bulges is shown in figure 2. Wherein h1 is more than or equal to 10mm, h2 is more than or equal to 3mm, w1 is more than or equal to 10mm, w2 is more than or equal to 5mm, and the protrusion thickness is 5-10 mm. The convex locking structure on the side surface of the wax mould chassis can form a concave locking structure on the casting shell.
2. Preparing a shell:
and (3) carrying out directional and single crystal wax tree combination according to the designed wax mould base plate, and carrying out slurry dipping and sanding processes. And determining the number of different shell preparation layers according to the shape and the size of the casting. The design of the shell fixing mode is suitable for the directional and single crystal shell preparation processes of different silica sol and molding sand.
3. Designing and processing a chilling chassis:
the external dimension of the chilling chassis is phi 100-300mm, the height is 10-200mm, and the chilling chassis can be matched with the size of the prepared shell.
(3.1) designing a corresponding concave structure on the upper surface of the chilling chassis at the position corresponding to the convex choke groove at the bottom of the shell, wherein when the shell is placed on the chilling chassis, the convex choke groove and the concave choke groove can be matched together.
And (3.2) designing 4 trapezoidal convex locking mechanisms at the corresponding positions of the concave locking structures on the side surface of the shell chassis on the side surface of the chilling plate. The size is shown in figure 3, wherein h4 is more than or equal to h2, w3 is more than or equal to w2, w3 is more than or equal to w1-w2, h3 is more than or equal to h2, and a plane L1 is/a plane L3. The design aims to enable the trapezoidal convex locking mechanism on the periphery of the chilling chassis to smoothly pass through w2 and achieve the purpose of tight fit with the locking mechanism of the shell after the shell is rotated clockwise.
4. Matching the shell with the chilling plate:
and aligning the openings of the concave locking mechanisms on the periphery of the shell with the convex locking mechanisms on the chilling plate, tightly pressing the shell downwards to the surface of the chilling plate, and then rotating the shell clockwise until the shell is tightly matched with the chilling plate.
5. Releasing the shell locking mechanism:
after the directional solidification is finished, the shell is rotated along the anticlockwise direction, then the shell is pulled upwards, and the shell can be cleaned until the shell is taken out.
Example 1:
the embodiment is a locking mechanism design applied to an LMC directional solidification process:
1. designing a wax mould chassis mould:
and (1.1) a wax mold chassis flow-blocking groove. The chassis wax pattern size of the shell is designed to be phi 180mm, a semicircular groove with the radius R being 3mm is arranged at a position 10mm away from the inner side of the edge of the shell chassis, and the groove is distributed in a circumferential manner by taking a chassis wax pattern dot as a center. When wax is pressed, a thin aluminum sheet reinforcing plate is added in the wax mould of the chassis to prevent the wax mould from deforming. The reinforcing plate comes out by itself after dewaxing.
And (1.2) a wax mould chassis side locking mechanism. The thickness of the wax mould base plate is 50mm, 4 inverted L-shaped bulges are uniformly distributed on the circumferential surface of the circumference of the cylindrical surface of the wax mould base plate, which is 20mm away from the surface with the groove, and the size of each L-shaped bulge is shown in figure 2. Wherein h 1-30 mm, h 2-5 mm, w 1-20mm, w 2-10 mm, and t-5 mm. The convex locking structure on the side surface of the wax mould chassis can form a concave locking structure on the casting shell.
2. Preparing a shell:
and (3) carrying out directional and single crystal wax tree combination according to the designed wax mould base plate, and carrying out slurry dipping and sanding processes. The number of shell preparation layers was 10.
3. Designing and processing a chilling chassis:
the material of the chilling plate is stainless steel, the overall dimension of the chilling chassis is phi 180mm, the height of the chilling chassis is 50mm, and the chilling chassis can be matched with the size of the prepared shell for use.
(3.1) a semicircular groove with the radius R of 3mm is designed and arranged on the upper surface of the chilling chassis at a position which is 10mm away from the edge of the chassis, and the groove is distributed in a circumferential shape by taking a wax pattern dot of the chassis as a center. When the shell is placed on the chilling plate, the convex and the concave flow resisting grooves can be matched together.
And (3.2) designing 4 trapezoidal convex locking mechanisms at the corresponding positions of the convex locking structures on the side surface of the wax mould chassis on the side surface of the chilling plate. The dimensions are shown in fig. 3, where h 4-6 mm, w 3-8 mm, h 3-10, and plane L1 is parallel to plane L3. The design can ensure that the trapezoidal convex locking mechanism on the periphery of the chilling chassis passes through w2 and is tightly matched with the locking mechanism of the shell after the shell is rotated clockwise.
4. Matching the shell with the chilling plate:
and aligning the openings of the concave locking mechanisms on the periphery of the shell with the convex locking mechanisms on the chilling plate, tightly pressing the shell downwards to the surface of the chilling plate, and then rotating the shell clockwise until the shell is tightly matched with the chilling plate.
5. Releasing the shell locking mechanism:
after the directional solidification is finished, the shell is rotated along the anticlockwise direction, then the shell is pulled upwards, and the shell can be cleaned until the shell is taken out.
Claims (5)
1. A method for fixing a ceramic shell for directional solidification is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) designing a wax mould chassis mould:
when a wax mould of a casting chassis is designed, an annular groove is arranged at a position 1-20mm away from the inner side of the edge of the wax mould chassis; a convex locking structure I is arranged on the side part of the wax mould chassis;
(2) preparing a shell:
carrying out directional or single crystal ceramic shell preparation by using the wax mould chassis mould designed in the step (1), wherein the bottom of the prepared ceramic shell is provided with an annular convex flow resisting structure, and the side surface of the prepared ceramic shell is provided with 4 concave locking structures;
(3) preparing a chilling chassis:
the outline dimension of the chilling chassis is phi 100-300mm, and the height is 10-200 mm; the upper surface of the chilling chassis is provided with a groove structure matched with the annular bulge at the bottom of the shell as a choke groove, and when the shell is placed on the chilling chassis, the annular bulge on the shell is matched and clamped with the choke groove on the upper surface of the chilling chassis; 4 trapezoidal convex locking structures II are arranged on the side surface of the chilling chassis and at positions corresponding to the concave structures on the side surface of the ceramic shell chassis;
(4) assembling the shell and the chilling plate:
and (3) aligning the openings of the peripheral concave structures of the shell with the convex locking structures II on the chilling plate, pushing the shell downwards to be tightly close to the surface of the chilling plate, and then rotating the shell clockwise until the shell is tightly matched with the chilling plate.
2. The method of fixing a ceramic shell for directional solidification according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the casting chassis wax mold is a cylindrical structure with the thickness of phi 100-; the longitudinal section of the annular groove along the radial direction of the wax pattern chassis is of a semicircular structure with the radius R being 1mm-5mm, and the annular groove takes a chassis wax pattern dot as the center; the design of the wax mould chassis can form a convex flow resisting structure on the casting shell.
3. The method of fixing a ceramic shell for directional solidification according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), 4 inverted L-shaped bulges are uniformly arranged on the side surface of the wax mould chassis in the circumferential direction with the distance of more than or equal to 10mm from the surface with the annular groove; the dimensions of the inverted-L-shaped protrusion are as follows: the height h1 of one side is more than or equal to 10mm, the height h2 of the other side is 3mm to (h1-5) mm, the width w1 of the upper part is more than or equal to 10mm, the width w2 of the lower part is 5mm to (w1-3) mm, and the thickness t of the bulge is 5-10 mm; the convex locking structure on the side surface of the wax mould chassis can form a concave locking structure on the casting shell.
4. The method of fixing a ceramic shell for directional solidification according to claim 3, wherein: in the step (3), the size of the trapezoidal convex locking structure II is as follows: the shorter side length h4 is more than or equal to h2, the upper side length w3 is more than or equal to w2, w3 is more than or equal to w1-w2, the longer side length h3 is more than or equal to h2, and a plane L1/a plane L3; the plane L3 refers to the bottom surface of the locking structure of the trapezoidal protrusion, and the plane L1 refers to the bottom surface of the protruding end of the inverted L-shaped protrusion.
5. The method of fixing a ceramic shell for directional solidification according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) assembling the shell and the chilling disc and performing directional solidification, rotating the shell along the anticlockwise direction after the directional solidification is finished, and then pulling the shell upwards until the shell is taken out, so that the shell can be cleaned.
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| CN202011220088.XA CN112317724B (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Method for fixing ceramic shell for directional solidification |
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| CN113926988B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-03-31 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Bottom plate wax mold structure and forming method of directional solidification shell bottom plate |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU949307A1 (en) * | 1980-12-08 | 1982-08-07 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6956 | Rotary drum furnace |
| CN103147117A (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2013-06-12 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Directional solidification device of a high-temperature alloy and use method thereof |
| CN103894546A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-07-02 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Precision casting method for complex casting with concave-convex end |
| CN106825410A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-06-13 | 沈阳工业大学 | Prepare the device and method of orientation magnesium alloy |
| CN111590056A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-28 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Casting structure and casting method for directional solidification of high-temperature alloy |
-
2020
- 2020-11-05 CN CN202011220088.XA patent/CN112317724B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU949307A1 (en) * | 1980-12-08 | 1982-08-07 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6956 | Rotary drum furnace |
| CN103147117A (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2013-06-12 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Directional solidification device of a high-temperature alloy and use method thereof |
| CN103894546A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-07-02 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Precision casting method for complex casting with concave-convex end |
| CN106825410A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-06-13 | 沈阳工业大学 | Prepare the device and method of orientation magnesium alloy |
| CN111590056A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-28 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Casting structure and casting method for directional solidification of high-temperature alloy |
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