CN112311183B - Pole-changing speed-regulating wound type bearingless asynchronous motor - Google Patents
Pole-changing speed-regulating wound type bearingless asynchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112311183B CN112311183B CN202011015815.9A CN202011015815A CN112311183B CN 112311183 B CN112311183 B CN 112311183B CN 202011015815 A CN202011015815 A CN 202011015815A CN 112311183 B CN112311183 B CN 112311183B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
- H02K17/42—Asynchronous induction generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
- H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/26—Rotor cores with slots for windings
- H02K1/265—Shape, form or location of the slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pole-changing speed-regulating wound type bearingless asynchronous motor, which sequentially comprises a motor rotating shaft, a rotor iron core, a torque winding, a suspension force winding and a stator iron core from inside to outside along the radial direction; the rotor core is uniformly provided with 28 rotor slots, and each rotor slot is internally provided with 1 group of copper coils; along clockwise, divide into a set of with 4 rotor grooves of mutual interval 90, because the copper coil in every group rotor groove adopts special rotor coil circuit structure, realize that it can only the induction torque winding magnetic field, can promote the suspension and reduce motor torque pulsation. Meanwhile, when the number of pole pairs of the torque winding and the torque winding is changed, the structure of a rotor winding circuit is correspondingly changed through digital control, and pole changing and speed regulating of the bearingless asynchronous motor are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of motor manufacturing, and particularly relates to a pole-changing speed-regulating wound type bearingless asynchronous motor.
Background
Compared with the traditional asynchronous motor, the bearingless asynchronous motor has the advantages of no mechanical friction, no abrasion, no need of lubrication, long service life and the like, and has wide application prospect in the special electrical fields of aerospace, high-speed hard disks, flywheel energy storage, biomedicine and sterile pollution-free operation.
At present, most asynchronous motors adopt a squirrel cage rotor, the squirrel cage rotor can induce air gap magnetic fields with different pole pairs due to a short-circuit structure, and when the pole pairs of the stator are changed, induced current still passes through the rotor. Due to the existence of the two sets of windings, the squirrel-cage rotor can cut the air-gap field of the suspension force winding while cutting the air-gap field of the torque winding, the induced current of the squirrel-cage rotor on the suspension force winding not only causes the loss of the exciting current of the suspension force winding, but also counteracts the air-gap flux linkage of the suspension force winding by the flux linkage generated by the induced current, and causes the deviation of the phase position and the amplitude value of the response of the suspension force and the setting.
There are three main solutions to this problem. The first is a position controller coefficient compensation method, which adjusts PID parameters in real time by comparing the influence of parameter change in a position controller on the amplitude and phase of a suspension control system, thereby reducing the influence on suspension response. The second is amplitude-phase compensation, which directly compensates for the phase and amplitude of the levitation force by adding a compensator after the position adjustment output in the system. And the third is an air gap flux linkage closed-loop control method, the air gap flux linkage of the suspension force winding is given and compared with an actual value, and the air gap flux linkage and the actual value are subjected to closed-loop control to eliminate the influence of the induced current of the suspension force winding on the air gap flux linkage. However, these methods compensate for the loss of the levitation force in the control system, which cannot fundamentally eliminate the induced current of the levitation force winding in the rotor, and have a certain time delay.
Compared with frequency conversion speed regulation, the pole-changing speed regulation of the asynchronous motor has the advantages of high efficiency, simple control equipment, low cost and convenient maintenance. If the requirement on the speed regulation of the motor is not high, stepless speed regulation is not needed, and the pole-changing speed regulation is suitable for various medium and small-sized asynchronous motors from the aspect of economic benefit.
Therefore, the research on the bearingless asynchronous motor which can only induce the torque winding magnetic field and can realize pole changing and speed regulating has important significance in the aspects of improving the suspension performance of the motor, enhancing the rotation performance, reducing the production and maintenance cost of the motor and promoting the industrial development of the bearingless asynchronous motor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a pole-changing speed-regulating wound type bearingless asynchronous motor, which can realize a pole-changing speed-regulating wound type bearingless asynchronous motor with high, medium and low rotating speed switching, and can be used by combining with the variable frequency speed regulation of the motor, thereby expanding the speed regulation range of the bearingless asynchronous motor, realizing the three rotating speed regulation of the motor under each frequency and simultaneously ensuring the stability of the suspension force and the torque of the motor.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a pole-changing speed-regulating wound type bearingless asynchronous motor comprises a motor rotating shaft, a rotor iron core, a torque winding, a suspension force winding and a stator iron core in sequence from inside to outside along the radial direction; the rotor core is uniformly provided with 28 rotor slots, and each rotor slot is internally provided with 1 group of copper coils; in the clockwise direction, 4 rotor slots which are mutually spaced by 90 degrees are divided into a group, and the rotor slots in the ith group are Iai、Ibi、Ici、I di1, 2, …, 7; wherein, IaiAnd IciRelative arrangement of IbiAnd IdiThe relative arrangement is carried out; in each group, rotor slots IaiAnd IciThe lower parts of the inner winding wires are directly connected, and the upper parts of the winding wires are respectively connected with two ends of the first switch controller; rotor slot IbiAnd IdiThe lower parts of the inner winding wires are directly connected, and the upper parts of the winding wires are respectively connected with two ends of the second switch controller; rotor slot IaiAnd IbiThe upper part of the inner winding is respectively connected with a third switch controller IciAnd IdiThe upper parts of the inner winding wires are respectively connected with a fourth switch controller; rotor slot IaiAnd IdiThe lower part of the inner winding is respectively connected with a fifth switch controller and a rotor slot IbAnd IciThe lower parts of the inner windings are respectively connected with a sixth switch controller; the first switch controller and the second switch controller are connected with a normally open contact of the relay, and the third switch controller, the fourth switch controller, the fifth switch controller and the sixth switch controller are connected with a normally closed contact of the relay; the control power supply of all relays is connected with the output port of the single chip microcomputer, and when the number of pole pairs of the stator and the rotor is changed, the rotor coil circuit is correspondingly changed through the single chip microcomputer, so that pole-changing speed regulation is realized.
Further, the switching rule of pole-changing speed regulation is (f is the motor frequency):
when the number of pole pairs of the torque winding is 1 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding is 2, the relay is electrified, and the rotating speed of the motor is 60 f (r/min);
when the number of pole pairs of the torque winding is 2 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding is 1 or 3, the relay is powered off, and the rotating speed of the motor is 30 f (r/min);
when the number of pole pairs of the torque winding is 3 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding is 2, the relay is electrified, and the rotating speed of the motor is 20 f (r/min).
Furthermore, the torque winding and the suspension force winding both adopt centralized windings.
Furthermore, 36 stator slots are uniformly formed in the stator core, the stator core is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, and the rotor core is formed by laminating the silicon steel sheets.
Further, initially setting the number of pole pairs of the torque winding to be 1 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding to be 2; rated current is respectively led into the two sets of stator windings, the torque winding generates a two-pole rotating magnetic field, and the suspension force winding generates a four-pole rotating magnetic field; the method comprises the steps of superposing a dipolar magnetic field and a quadrupole magnetic field to generate Maxwell magnetic tension, mounting a displacement sensor on a stator of the bearingless asynchronous motor, establishing a displacement closed-loop control system, adjusting the current value of a suspension force winding through displacement negative feedback when a rotor deviates from an axial balanced position and a radial balanced position, changing the Maxwell magnetic tension to enable the rotor to return to the balanced position, and realizing stable suspension of the rotor.
Furthermore, rated current is introduced into the torque winding, and a rotating magnetic field is generated on the stator side of the motor. The winding in the rotor slot cuts the rotating magnetic field to generate induction current; the induced current generates a lorentz force in the rotating magnetic field, thereby providing a rotor coil torque to drive the rotor to rotate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention realizes that the rotor can normally induce the torque winding magnetic field by adopting a special rotor coil circuit structure, and the induced currents of the suspension winding in each winding of the rotor are mutually offset, thereby improving the suspension force of the bearingless asynchronous motor and reducing the torque pulsation of the motor.
2. The invention correspondingly changes the structure of the rotor winding circuit through digital control when the pole pair number of the torque winding and the torque winding is changed, thereby being capable of improving the suspension force of the bearingless asynchronous motor and reducing the torque pulsation of the motor when the stator is changed into the pole.
3. The pole-changing speed-regulating motor has the advantages of simple control equipment, low cost and convenient maintenance, enlarges the speed-regulating range of the bearingless asynchronous motor under the fundamental frequency, realizes the regulation of three rotating speeds under each frequency f, and is suitable for a plurality of medium-sized and small-sized bearingless asynchronous motors.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structure diagram of a stator and a rotor of a wound-rotor type bearingless asynchronous motor.
Fig. 2 shows the mode 1 of operation of the rotor of the wound rotor bearingless asynchronous motor.
Figure 3 is the operation 2 mode of the rotor of the wound rotor bearingless asynchronous motor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the pole-changing speed-regulating wound-rotor type bearingless asynchronous motor comprises a motor rotating shaft 33, a rotor core 32, a torque winding 30, a suspension force winding 31 and a stator core 29 from inside to outside in sequence along the radial direction. The stator core 29 is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets with the model number DW465-50, and 36 stator slots are uniformly formed in the stator core 29. A torque winding 30 and a suspension winding 31 are arranged between the rotor core 32 and the stator core 2, the torque winding 30 and the suspension winding 31 both adopt centralized windings, and the motor is formed by winding an electromagnetic coil with good electric conductivity and then dipping paint and drying. The rotor core 32 is sleeved on the motor rotating shaft 33, the rotor core 32 is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets with the model number DW465-50, 28 rotor slots are uniformly formed in the rotor core 32, and the 28 rotor slots are respectively represented by 1-28 for convenience of description.
Dividing 4 rotor slots of the 28 rotor slots, which are spaced from each other by 90 degrees, into a group along the clockwise direction; for example: four rotor slots numbered 1, 8, 15, 22 in fig. 1 are divided into one group toBy analogy, 28 rotor slots are divided into 7 groups. 1 set of copper coils is provided in 4 rotor slots of each set. The connection of the copper coils in the 4 rotor slots of each group is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the rotor slots in the I-th group are Iai、Ibi、Ici、I di1, 2, …, 7; wherein, IaiAnd IciRelative arrangement of IbiAnd IdiThe relative arrangement is carried out; in each group, rotor slots IaiAnd IciThe lower parts of the inner winding wires are directly connected, and the upper parts of the winding wires are respectively connected with the two ends of the first switch controller 34; rotor slot IbiAnd IdiThe lower parts of the inner winding wires are directly connected and the upper parts of the winding wires are respectively connected with the two ends of the second switch controller 35; rotor slot IaiAnd IbiThe upper part of the inner winding is respectively connected with a third switch controller 36, IciAnd IdiThe upper parts of the inner winding wires are respectively connected with a fourth switch controller 37; rotor slot IaiAnd IdiThe lower part of the inner winding is respectively connected with a fifth switch controller 38 and a rotor slot IbiAnd IciThe lower parts of the inner winding wires are respectively connected with a sixth switch controller 39; the first switch controller 34 and the second switch controller 35 are connected with the normally open contacts of the relay, and the third switch controller 36, the fourth switch controller 37, the fifth switch controller 38 and the sixth switch controller 39 are connected with the normally closed contacts of the relay. Taking rotor slots 1, 8, 15, 22 as examples: the lower parts of the windings in the rotor slot 1 and the rotor slot 15 are directly connected, and the upper parts are connected to two ends of a first switch controller 34; the lower parts of the windings in the rotor slot 8 and the rotor slot 22 are directly connected, and the upper parts are connected to two ends of a second switch controller 35; the upper parts of the windings in the rotor slots 1 and 8, the rotor slots 15 and 22 are respectively connected with the two ends of a third switch controller 36 and a fourth switch controller 37; the lower parts of the windings in the rotor slot 1 and the rotor slot 22, the rotor slot 8 and the rotor slot 15 are respectively connected to the two ends of a fifth switch controller 38 and a sixth switch controller 39; the first switch controller 34 and the second switch controller 35 in the center are connected with the normally open contacts of the relay, and the switch controllers 36, 37, 38 and 39 distributed around are connected with the normally closed contacts of the relay.
The control power supplies of all the relays are connected to the output port of the single chip microcomputer, and meanwhile, the relays and the single chip microcomputer are fixed above the rotor iron core and form a complete rotor module together with the iron core and the coils. When the number of pole pairs of the stator torque winding 30 is 1 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding 31 is 2, the relay is electrified, and the rotating speed of the motor is 60 f (r/min). When the number of pole pairs of the stator torque winding 30 is 2 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding 31 is 1 or 3, the relay is powered off, and the rotating speed of the motor is 30 f (r/min). When the number of pole pairs of the stator torque winding 30 is 3 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding 31 is 2, the relay is electrified, and the rotating speed of the motor is 20 f (r/min). In this embodiment, the model of the single chip microcomputer is 51 single chip microcomputers, and the single chip microcomputers comprise 40 pins; and the coil of the wound rotor is sequentially connected with the relay and the single chip microcomputer, the relay and the single chip microcomputer are fixed above the rotor iron core, and the relay, the single chip microcomputer, the iron core and the coil form a complete rotor module.
The suspension principle is as follows: the number of pole pairs of the initial setting torque winding 30 is 1, and the number of pole pairs of the levitation force winding 31 is 2. Rated currents are respectively led into the two sets of stator windings, the torque winding 30 generates a two-pole rotating magnetic field, and the suspension force winding 31 generates a four-pole rotating magnetic field. The dipole magnetic field and the quadrupole magnetic field are superposed to generate Maxwell magnetic pull force. According to the prior art, a displacement sensor is arranged on a stator of a bearingless asynchronous motor, a displacement closed-loop control system is established, when a rotor deviates from axial and radial balance positions, the current value of a suspension force winding is adjusted through displacement negative feedback, Maxwell magnetic tension is changed to enable the rotor to return to the balance position, and stable suspension of the rotor is achieved.
The rotation principle is as follows: rated current is supplied to the torque winding 30, and a rotating magnetic field is generated on the stator side of the motor. The winding in the rotor slots (1-28) cuts the rotating magnetic field to generate induction current. The induced current generates Lorentz force in the rotating magnetic field, thereby providing rotor coil torque and driving the rotor to rotate.
The speed regulation principle is as follows: when the number of pole pairs of the stator torque winding 30 is 1 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding 31 is 2, the single chip microcomputer outputs high level, all the relays are electrified, the normally open contacts are closed, and the normally closed contacts are opened. Taking rotor slots 1, 8, 15, 22 as examples: the wound rotor enters the operating 1 mode when the switch controls 34, 35 are closed, 36, 37, 38, 39 are open and the coil is closed to circuit 1, 34, 15 and the lower winding or 22, 35, 8 and the lower winding. The circuit with the structure can only induce a magnetic field with one pole but can not induce a magnetic field with two poles. When the number of pole pairs of the stator torque winding 30 is 2 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding 31 is 1 or 3, the single chip microcomputer outputs low level, all the relays are powered off, the normally open contacts are disconnected, and the normally closed contacts are closed. The wound rotor enters the work 2 mode when the switch controls 34, 35 are open, 36, 37, 38, 39 are closed and the coil closed circuit is 1, 36, 8, 39, 15, 37, 22, 38. The circuit with the structure can only induce a dipolar magnetic field but cannot induce a one-pole magnetic field and a three-pole magnetic field. When the number of pole pairs of the stator torque winding 30 is 3 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding 31 is 2, the single chip microcomputer outputs high level, all the relays are electrified, the normally open contacts are closed, and the normally closed contacts are opened. The wound rotor enters a working 1 mode, and the circuit with the structure can only induce a three-pole magnetic field but cannot induce a two-pole magnetic field.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the design idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the principles and concepts disclosed herein are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A pole-changing speed-regulating wound type bearingless asynchronous motor is characterized in that a motor rotating shaft (33), a rotor iron core (32), a torque winding (30), a suspension force winding (31) and a stator iron core (29) are sequentially arranged from inside to outside along the radial direction; the rotor core (32) is uniformly provided with 28 rotor slots, and each rotor slot is internally provided with 1 group of copper coils; in the clockwise direction, 4 rotor slots which are mutually spaced by 90 degrees are divided into a group, and the rotor slots in the ith group are Iai、Ibi、Ici、Idi1, 2, …, 7; wherein, IaiAnd IciRelative arrangement of IbiAnd IdiThe relative arrangement is carried out; in each group, rotor slots IaiAnd IciThe lower part of the inner winding is directly connected and woundAre respectively connected with the two ends of a first switch controller (34); rotor slot IbiAnd IdiThe lower parts of the inner winding wires are directly connected, and the upper parts of the winding wires are respectively connected with the two ends of a second switch controller (35); rotor slot IaiAnd IbiThe upper part of the inner winding is respectively connected with a third switch controller (36), IciAnd IdiThe upper parts of the inner winding wires are respectively connected with a fourth switch controller (37); rotor slot IaiAnd IdiThe lower part of the inner winding is respectively connected with a fifth switch controller (38) and a rotor slot IbiAnd IciThe lower parts of the inner winding wires are respectively connected with a sixth switch controller (39); the first switch controller (34) and the second switch controller (35) are connected with normally open contacts of the relay, and the third switch controller (36), the fourth switch controller (37), the fifth switch controller (38) and the sixth switch controller (39) are connected with normally closed contacts of the relay; the control power supply of all relays is connected with the output port of the single chip microcomputer, and when the number of pole pairs of the stator and the rotor is changed, the rotor coil circuit is correspondingly changed through the single chip microcomputer, so that pole-changing speed regulation is realized.
2. The wound type bearingless asynchronous motor with pole-changing speed regulation according to claim 1, wherein the switching rule of pole-changing speed regulation is as follows:
when the number of pole pairs of the torque winding (30) is 1 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding (31) is 2, the relay is electrified, the rotating speed of the motor is 60 x f, f is the frequency of the motor, and the unit of the rotating speed of the motor is as follows: r/min;
when the number of pole pairs of the torque winding (30) is 2 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding (31) is 1 or 3, the relay is powered off, the rotating speed of the motor is 30 x f, f is the frequency of the motor, and the unit of the rotating speed of the motor is as follows: r/min;
when the number of pole pairs of the torque winding (30) is 3 and the number of pole pairs of the suspension force winding (31) is 2, the relay is electrified, the rotating speed of the motor is 20 f, f is the frequency of the motor, and the unit of the rotating speed of the motor is as follows: r/min.
3. A pole-changing speed-regulating wound bearingless asynchronous machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the torque winding (30) and the levitation force winding (31) both adopt concentrated windings.
4. The pole-changing speed-regulating wound type bearingless asynchronous motor according to claim 3, wherein the stator core (29) is uniformly provided with 36 stator slots, the stator core (29) is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, and the rotor core (32) is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets.
5. The pole-changing speed-regulating wound type bearingless asynchronous motor according to claim 4, characterized in that the pole pair number of the initial setting torque winding (30) is 1, and the pole pair number of the levitation force winding (31) is 2; rated currents are respectively introduced into the two sets of stator windings, the torque winding (30) generates a two-pole rotating magnetic field, and the suspension force winding (31) generates a four-pole rotating magnetic field; the method comprises the steps of superposing a dipolar magnetic field and a quadrupole magnetic field to generate Maxwell magnetic tension, mounting a displacement sensor on a stator of the bearingless asynchronous motor, establishing a displacement closed-loop control system, adjusting the current value of a suspension force winding through displacement negative feedback when a rotor deviates from an axial balanced position and a radial balanced position, changing the Maxwell magnetic tension to enable the rotor to return to the balanced position, and realizing stable suspension of the rotor.
6. The pole-changing speed-regulating wound type bearingless asynchronous motor according to claim 5, characterized in that rated current is supplied to the torque winding (30), a rotating magnetic field is generated at the stator side of the motor, and a winding in a rotor slot cuts the rotating magnetic field to generate induction current; the induced current generates a lorentz force in the rotating magnetic field, thereby providing a rotor coil torque to drive the rotor to rotate.
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| CN113765321B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2022-09-16 | 江苏大学 | Double-suspension-force bearing-free asynchronous motor |
| CN116032185A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2023-04-28 | 上海华丰工业控制技术工程有限公司 | Pole-changing method of asynchronous motor, derived system, component and new energy vehicle |
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