CN112305528B - Phased array radar repetition period optimization method - Google Patents
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
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- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
- G01S13/581—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems using transmission of interrupted pulse modulated waves and based upon the Doppler effect resulting from movement of targets
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- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
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Abstract
The invention relates to a phased array radar repetition period optimization method, which is characterized in that a pulse repetition period and a speed measurement range are calculated according to the maximum detection distance, the maximum target speed and the maximum working frequency required by phased array radar tactical indexes, a PRI combination set is roughly selected according to a pulse repetition period limiting condition, PRI visible numbers of each PRI combination in the PRI combination set in the Doppler range are calculated, and the speed (sum) is/are ambiguous by adopting a classical table look-up method, so that the resolving speed (sum) and/or the distance success rate of the corresponding PRI combination in the maximum Doppler speed (sum) or the distance range is generated. Based on the result, calculating the frame scanning time corresponding to the newly ordered PRI combination, calculating the space capturing probability of the target according to the frame scanning time, carrying out weighted multiplication on the PRI combination capturing probability after normalization and the resolving probability of each PRI combination, generating the final detection probability corresponding to the PRI combination, arranging in descending order, and using the repetition period PRI combination with the highest probability for system design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radars, and particularly relates to a phased array radar repetition period optimization method which is used for designing a phased array radar system.
Background
Phased array radar technology is widely applied to the fields of air early warning, air fire prevention control, ground reconnaissance and the like. The Doppler effect is utilized to detect the target, and the echo of the target and the unnecessary background echo are distinguished, so that the phased array radar can more effectively find the moving target in the strong clutter background such as severe ground objects, sea waves, cloud rain and the like, the radar combat efficiency is greatly improved, and the advantage is more obvious compared with the traditional systematic radar.
For a phased array radar adopting a Doppler technology, the selection and design of a pulse repetition Period (PRI) are very critical, and the pulse repetition period determines a non-fuzzy area for radar speed measurement and ranging, influences the overlapping characteristics of clutter and the like. The low repetition period pulse may measure range without ambiguity, but the doppler velocity is ambiguous; the high repetition period pulse ensures that the target Doppler frequency is not ambiguously detected, but the target echo is severely ambiguous in distance; medium repetition period pulsed radar is a compromise between high repetition period and low repetition period mode radar, with some features in common for both.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the problems of increased speed and distance ambiguity area and reduced target detection probability caused by improper selection of single repetition period or staggered repetition period, the invention provides a novel phased array radar repetition period optimization method which is used for optimizing the optimal repetition period combination in the radar maximum distance and Doppler speed range.
Technical proposal
A phased array radar repetition period optimization method, characterized by the steps of:
step 1: maximum detection distance R required according to phased array radar tactical index max Maximum target speed V max Maximum operating frequency f max The minimum repetition period PRI is calculated according to the following formula min Maximum repetition period PRI max And a maximum Doppler velocity fd max ；
PRI min ＝2×R max /c+τ
In the above formula, c is the speed of light, and the unit is m/s; τ is the transmit pulse width in s;
PRI max ＝max(PRI min +5×τ，1.5×PRI min )
fd max ＝2×V max /λ
the formula lambda is wavelength, lambda=c/f max Unit m;
step 2: initial frame scan time based on phased array radar tactical metricsT 0 And search time t s Calculating initial target confirmation time t q ＝T 0 -t s From t q Obtaining the repetition period spread k=floor [ t ] q /(n·PRI av )]Wherein the operator floor represents a downward rounding, and n is the search pulse accumulation number;
step 3: according to the known transmission pulse width tau and the transceiving switching time t 0 And step 2, obtaining the repetition period parameter k, in [ PRI ] min ，PRI max ]Each time generating k repetition periods PRI by adopting a traversal combination mode ik Make up 1 PRI combination [ PRI i1 ，…，PRI ik ]Where i represents the PRI combination sequence number, k represents the number of PRIs contained in each PRI combination, and each PRI in the PRI combination is required to simultaneously satisfy the PRIs ik -PRI i(k-1) ≥τ+t 0 ，PRI ik ≤PRI max ，PRI i1 ≥PRI min After traversing [ PRI ] min ，PRI max ]Form a combined set { [ PRI ] after the whole interval 11 ，…，PRI 1k ]，[PRI 21 ，…，PRI 2k ]，…，[PRI i1 ，…，PRI ik ]-a }; calculate each PRI at [0:Δf:f dmax ]And/or distance [0:ΔR:R max ]Whether the corresponding values in the interval have velocity and/or distance ambiguities, the ambiguity being marked 0 and the ambiguity being marked 1, then calculating each PRI combination in the PRI combination set at Doppler f dmax And or R max PRI visible numbers in the range are arranged in descending order according to the visible proportion of each PRI combination to form a new PRI combination set; wherein Δf and Δr are doppler velocity and range step amounts, respectively;
step 4: the PRI combinations are formed in the step 3, the first PRI combinations are taken, and the Doppler velocity [ 0:delta f:f dmax ]And/or distance [0:ΔR:R max ]Within the interval, the velocity and/or distance ambiguity is resolved using classical table look-up, resulting in a Doppler velocity [0:f ] dmax ]And or distance [0:R ] max ]The solution speed and/or the distance ambiguity success rate of the corresponding PRI combination are/is determined, PRI combination descending order is carried out according to the probability of the solution ambiguity success rate, and a new PRI combination set is formed;
step 5: calculation step 4 shapeThe first PRI combinations in the set of PRI combinations correspond to a new frame scan time T i ＝1/[(PRI i1 +…+PRI ik )/k×n×b]Where b is the known number of search waves and the probability of capturing the target space w i ＝min(T i )/T i Multiplying each PRI combination capture probability with the PRI combination defuzzification success probability, generating a final detection probability corresponding to the PRI combination, arranging the final detection probabilities in a descending order, and using the repetition period PRI combination with the highest detection probability for system design.
Several 50 are taken in step 4.
Several 50 are taken in step 5.
Advantageous effects
The optimal PRI combination meeting the radar tactical index requirement can be optimized, the radar ranging and speed measuring range can be simultaneously improved in the minimum fuzzy range, the problem that the detection probability is reduced due to the fuzzy distance and speed of the phased array radar which adopts the Doppler technology at present is solved, and the detection probability of the radar to the target is improved. The method is realized based on the indexes of the maximum distance and the speed war of the phased array radar, improves the speed ambiguity knowing and distance ambiguity knowing capabilities, and effectively solves the problem of low detection probability of partial speed and distance intervals of the phased array radar by adopting the Doppler technology.
Compared with the existing common method, the method can determine the limiting conditions of the repetition frequency selection according to the radar design parameters and indexes, the influence factors considered by the repetition period selection are more, and the matlab calculation program efficiency is higher.
Drawings
Figure 1 is the PRI visible number for PRI combinations over the maximum Doppler range
FIG. 2 is a PRI combining solution ambiguity success probability
FIG. 3 is PRI combining versus target detection probability
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to examples, figures:
the repetition period selection method is based on the following theoretical basis: pulse repetition period is T r The maximum time delay of the clear distance measuring area (namely the single value measuring area) is T r The corresponding maximum blur free distance is:
R uamb ＝0.5cT r (1)
And the maximum Doppler frequency shift of the clear speed measurement area is f r ＝1/T r The corresponding maximum blur free speed is:
V uamb ＝0.5λ 0 f r (2)
The multiplication of the two formulas can be obtained:
R uamb V uamb ＝0.25cλ 0 (3)
Wherein: c is the speed of light, lambda 0 Is the signal carrier wavelength. Equation (3) shows that when the radar coherent pulse train signal carrier frequency is selected, the product of the maximum non-blurring distance and the maximum non-blurring speed is determined to be unchanged, and R is visible uamb And V is equal to uamb The selection of the two parameters is contradictory, and the increase of any one parameter leads to the decrease of the other parameter, which indicates that the radar ranging and the speed measurement cannot be ensured to be maximum at the same time, and the method for solving the problem is that the phased array radar adopts a staggered repetition period working mode.
The pulse repetition period limitation conditions are mainly as follows:
1) Each repetition period contains an integer multiple of the number of range gates, which directly limits the number of PRIs available for selection;
2) The selection of the emission pulse width, the increase of the duty ratio of the transmitter, the increase of the distance blind area, the range of the clear area is reduced;
3) In target detection, the target may span 2 or more range gates, and "ghosts" may appear when resolving range ambiguity;
4) Selecting the number of PRIs, wherein too few PRIs can weaken the capability of the radar to cope with the distance blind area, and too many PRIs can lead to the shortage of radar time resources;
5) Distance shielding. The reaction time of pulse receiving and transmitting conversion, the influence of clutter coming in from antenna side lobes and the like cause distance shielding;
6) Clutter notches. Too wide a notch increases the speed dead zone, and too narrow a notch increases the false alarm probability of the radar caused by clutter;
7) The radar-selected detection criteria affects the repetition frequency selection.
The preferred methods for phased array repetition period are mainly three:
first, R is not blurred by radar maximum working distance uamb The pulse repetition period is selected corresponding to equation (1) and constraints 1), 2), 5) and 7).
Second, the V is not blurred at the radar maximum tracking speed uamb The pulse repetition period is selected corresponding to formula (2) and constraints 1), 2), 6) and 7).
Third, with the radar maximum detectable distance R max And maximum speed V max The pulse repetition period is selected for the condition correspondence formula (3) and the constraints 1) to 7).
The invention is based on a third method, the preferred method is mainly: according to radar acting distance and target speed, selecting a repetition period and a speed measuring range, combining according to pulse repetition period limiting conditions 1) to 7), selecting a plurality of repetition periods, calculating PRI visible proportion in a Doppler speed range, resolving fuzzy speed and resolving distance fuzzy by adopting a classical table look-up method, traversing the detection capability of the PRI in the target maximum speed range, selecting a combination set (usually the first 50 PRI combinations in a preferable combination set) with highest capturing probability on target distance and speed, and then selecting PRI combinations with low average use and high PRI non-fuzzy proportion as optimal repetition period combinations. The method is equally applicable to the preference of repetition periods in case of distance or velocity ambiguity only. The matlab program compiled based on the method can realize the optimization of the repetition period of three methods by adjusting individual limiting conditions, and has strong program compatibility and high operation efficiency.
The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step 1: maximum detection distance R required according to known tactical indexes of phased array radar max Maximum target speed V max Maximum operating frequency f max The minimum repetition period PR usable by the radar is calculated according to the formulas (4) to (7)I min Maximum repetition period PRI max Maximum Doppler velocity f dmax And average repetition period PRI av 。
PRI min ＝2×R max /c+τ (4)
In the above formula, c is the speed of light, and τ is the emission pulse width;
PRI max ＝max(PRI min +5×τ，1.5×PRI min ) (5)
f dmax ＝2×V max Lambda type (6)
PRI av ＝0.5×(PRI min +PRI max ) (7)
The formula lambda is wavelength, lambda=c/f max 。
Step 2: initial frame scan time T known from phased array radar tactical metrics 0 (1/T 0 I.e., data rate) and search time t s Calculating initial target confirmation time t q ＝T 0 -t s From t q Obtaining the repetition period spread k=floor [ t ] q /(n·PRI av )](wherein operator floor represents a downward rounding, n is the search pulse accumulation number).
Step 3: according to the known transmission pulse width tau and the transceiving switching time t 0 And step 2, obtaining the repetition period parameter k, in [ PRI ] min ，PRI max ]Each time generating k repetition periods PRI by adopting a traversal combination mode ik Make up 1 PRI combination [ PRI i1 ，…，PRI ik ](wherein i represents the PRI combination sequence number, k represents the number of PRIs contained in each PRI combination, and it is required that each PRI in the PRI combination satisfies the PRIs simultaneously ik -PRI i(k-1) ≥τ+t 0 ，PRI ik ≤PRI max ，PRI i1 ≥PRI min ) After traversing [ PRI ] min ，PRI max ]Form a combined set { [ PRI ] after the whole interval 11 ，…，PRI 1k ]，[PRI 21 ，…，PRI 2k ]，…，[PRI i1 ，…，PRI ik ]Each PRI is calculated to be [0:Δf:f ] dmax ](and/or distance [0:ΔR: R) max ]Wherein delta isf and ΔR are Doppler velocity and range step amounts, respectively), if the velocity (and/or range) is ambiguous, the ambiguity is marked as 0, the ambiguity is marked as 1, then each PRI combination in the PRI combination set is calculated to be Doppler f dmax (and/or R) max ) The visible numbers of PRIs within the range (as shown in FIG. 1) are arranged in descending order according to the visible scale of the individual PRI combinations to form a new PRI combination set.
Step 4: the first 50 (or more) PRI combinations are taken in the set of PRI combinations formed in step 3, at Doppler velocity [0:Δf:f dmax ](and/or distance [0:ΔR: R) max ]) In the interval, the velocity (sum or distance) ambiguity is resolved by classical table look-up to generate a velocity in Doppler [0:f ] dmax ](and/or distance [0:R ] max ]) The solution speed (and/or distance) fuzzy success rate (shown in figure 2) of the corresponding PRI combination is determined, and PRI combination descending order is performed according to the probability of the solution fuzzy success rate to form a new PRI combination set.
Step 5: calculating new frame scan time T corresponding to the first 50 (or more) PRI combinations in the PRI combination set formed in step 4 i ＝1/[(PRI i1 +…+PRI ik )/k×n×b](where b is the known number of search waves) and the probability of capturing w for the target space i ＝min(T i )/T i Each PRI combination acquisition probability is multiplied by the PRI combination solution probability to generate a final detection probability (as shown in fig. 3) corresponding to the PRI combination and arranged in descending order, and the repetition period PRI combination with the highest detection probability is used for system design.
Step 6: and (3) programming matlab codes according to the methods described in the steps 1 to 5, and running a program, wherein the optimal repetition period combination under the given parameter condition is optimized.
The invention adopts the pulse repetition period optimization method to compile a corresponding matlab calculation program, and is verified and implemented in the practice of certain phased array radar engineering.
Claims (3)
1. A phased array radar repetition period optimization method, characterized by the steps of:
step 1: maximum detection distance R required according to phased array radar tactical index max Most preferably, theLarge target speed V max Maximum operating frequency f max The minimum repetition period PRI is calculated according to the following formula min Maximum repetition period PRI max And a maximum Doppler velocity fd max ；
PRI min ＝2×R max /c+τ
In the above formula, c is the speed of light, and the unit is m/s; τ is the transmit pulse width in s;
PRI max ＝max(PRI min +5×τ，1.5×PRI min )
fd max ＝2×V max /λ
the formula lambda is wavelength, lambda=c/f max Unit m;
step 2: initial frame scan time T according to phased array radar tactical metrics 0 And search time t s Calculating initial target confirmation time t q ＝T 0 -t s From t q Obtaining the repetition period spread k=floor [ t ] q /(n·PRI av )]Wherein the operator floor represents a downward rounding, and n is the search pulse accumulation number;
step 3: according to the known transmission pulse width tau and the transceiving switching time t 0 And step 2, obtaining the repetition period parameter k, in [ PRI ] min ，PRI max ]Each time generating k repetition periods PRI by adopting a traversal combination mode ik Make up 1 PRI combination [ PRI i1 ，…，PRI ik ]Where i represents the PRI combination sequence number, k represents the number of PRIs contained in each PRI combination, and each PRI in the PRI combination is required to simultaneously satisfy the PRIs ik -PRI i(k-1) ≥τ+t 0 ，PRI ik ≤PRI max ，PRI i1 ≥PRI min After traversing [ PRI ] min ，PRI max ]Form a combined set { [ PRI ] after the whole interval 11 ，…，PRI 1k ]，[PRI 21 ，…，PRI 2k ]，…，[PRI i1 ，…，PRI ik ]-a }; each PRI is calculated at [0: Δf: f (f) dmax ]And or distance [0: Δr: r is R max ]Whether the corresponding values in the interval have speed and/or distance ambiguities, the ambiguity is marked as 0, the non-ambiguity is marked as 1, and then PRI combination set is calculatedIs combined at Doppler f dmax And or R max PRI visible numbers in the range are arranged in descending order according to the visible proportion of each PRI combination to form a new PRI combination set; wherein Δf and Δr are doppler velocity and range step amounts, respectively;
step 4: the first several PRI combinations are taken in the set of PRI combinations formed in step 3, at doppler velocity [0: Δf: f (f) dmax ]And or distance [0: Δr: r is R max ]In the interval, the velocity and/or distance ambiguity is solved by adopting a classical table look-up method, and the velocity is generated at Doppler velocity [0: f (f) dmax ]And or distance [0: r is R max ]The solution speed and/or the distance ambiguity success rate of the corresponding PRI combination are/is determined, PRI combination descending order is carried out according to the probability of the solution ambiguity success rate, and a new PRI combination set is formed;
step 5: calculating new frame scanning time T corresponding to a plurality of PRI combinations in the PRI combination set formed in the step 4 i ＝1/[(PRI i1 +…+PRI ik )/k×n×b]Where b is the known number of search waves and the probability of capturing the target space w i ＝min(T i )/T i Multiplying each PRI combination capture probability with the PRI combination defuzzification success probability, generating a final detection probability corresponding to the PRI combination, arranging the final detection probabilities in a descending order, and using the repetition period PRI combination with the highest detection probability for system design.
2. A phased array radar repetition period optimization method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by taking 50 in step 4.
3. A phased array radar repetition period optimization method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by taking 50 in step 5.
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