CN112305475B - Method and device for detecting loss-of-field state of permanent magnet - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting loss-of-field state of permanent magnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN112305475B CN112305475B CN202011137043.6A CN202011137043A CN112305475B CN 112305475 B CN112305475 B CN 112305475B CN 202011137043 A CN202011137043 A CN 202011137043A CN 112305475 B CN112305475 B CN 112305475B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
- Tests Of Circuit Breakers, Generators, And Electric Motors (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for detecting the loss of magnetism of a permanent magnet, which are applied to a permanent magnet same generator. The method and the device for detecting the loss of the magnetism of the permanent magnet solve the problem that the loss of the magnetism of the permanent magnet cannot be judged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of permanent magnet motors, and particularly relates to a method and a device for detecting loss of magnetization of a permanent magnet.
Background
The permanent magnet motor is also called as a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and with the rapid development and continuous improvement of the performance of the permanent magnet material, the performance of the permanent magnet motor is further improved, and compared with a common motor, the permanent magnet motor has the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation, low temperature rise, good starting performance, small volume, light weight and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, electric vehicles, robots and the like. However, the permanent magnet material has the property of losing magnetism, when the conditions of high temperature of more than 150 ℃ or very low carrier frequency of the frequency converter occur, the permanent magnet loses magnetism, and further the problems of brake failure, overcurrent of a control system, further quick expansion of losing magnetism and the like are caused, and therefore, a method and a device for detecting the loss magnetism of the permanent magnet are necessary to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a method and a device for detecting the loss of the magnetic field of a permanent magnet, which solve the problem of on-line loss judgment of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet motor.
In order to realize the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method for detecting a loss of field state of a permanent magnet applied to a permanent magnet motor, the method comprising:
Calculating instantaneous back electromotive force and drawing a back electromotive force curve graph;
obtaining a flux linkage waveform chart by integrating the counter electromotive force curve chart;
The flux linkage oscillogram is subjected to Fourier decomposition to obtain harmonic amplitude and harmonic times;
and judging the loss of the permanent magnet according to the amplitude of the harmonic wave, and calculating the loss position of the permanent magnet according to the frequency of occurrence of the harmonic wave.
Optionally, the method for calculating the instantaneous back emf comprises:
Establishing a mathematical model through motor terminal voltage, stator resistance, current and reactance;
The instantaneous back emf is calculated by the established mathematical model.
Optionally, the calculation rule of the mathematical model is:
Usinθ＝IqXq+IdR1
Ucosθ＝E0-IdXd+IqR1
Wherein U is voltage, E 0 is back electromotive force, R 1 is stator electric group, I d is direct-axis current, I q is quadrature-axis current, X d is direct-axis synchronous reactance, X q is quadrature-axis synchronous reactance, and θ is an included angle with the direct-axis.
Optionally, the calculation rule of the fourier transform is:
Equidistant N nodes are selected in a whole period, such as:
where aj, bj is the post-fourier-decomposition coskx, coskx coefficients.
Optionally, the method for judging the loss of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet according to the amplitude of the fundamental wave comprises the following steps:
And obtaining a permanent magnet loss flux linkage waveform through the measured voltage and current values, known resistance and reactance values, and judging the loss through the fundamental wave amplitude.
Optionally, the method for calculating the loss-of-field position of the permanent magnet according to the number of times of harmonic occurrence comprises the following steps:
The fifth harmonic wave judging magnetic pole is side loss magnetic, and the seventh harmonic wave judging magnetic pole is center loss magnetic.
Optionally, the online detection method further includes:
When the loss magnetic quantity of the loss magnetic position is larger than a set value, automatic alarm is realized.
Optionally, the permanent magnet is applied to a permanent magnet motor, and the device comprises:
The acquisition module is used for: acquiring a flux linkage value of the permanent magnet;
And a drawing module: drawing a corresponding flux linkage waveform chart through flux linkage values;
The calculation module: obtaining harmonic amplitude and harmonic times through Fourier transform of the flux linkage waveform diagram;
and judging the loss of the permanent magnet according to the amplitude of the harmonic wave, and calculating the loss position of the permanent magnet according to the frequency of occurrence of the harmonic wave.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The method can timely detect the magnetic field state of the permanent magnet, provides technical guarantee for taking measures for the permanent magnet synchronous generator at the first time, and reduces the safety risk of loss of magnetism and overload operation of the permanent magnet synchronous generator due to loss of magnetism faults.
Other features of the present invention and its advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate principles of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart diagram of a method for detecting a loss of field state of a permanent magnet according to the present invention;
fig. 2 (a) is a back electromotive force waveform diagram of a method for detecting a loss of field state of a permanent magnet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 (b) is a waveform diagram of flux linkage after loss of magnetization in a method for detecting a loss of magnetization state of a permanent magnet according to the present invention
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the invention. Rather, they are merely examples of devices that are consistent with aspects of the invention that are set forth in the following claims.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples for better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
The method for detecting the loss of the permanent magnet as shown in fig. 1 is applied to a permanent magnet motor, and comprises the following steps:
S1, establishing a mathematical model through motor terminal voltage, stator resistance, current and reactance, wherein the calculation rule of the mathematical model is as follows:
Usinθ＝IqXq+IdR1
Ucosθ＝E0-IdXd+IqR1
Wherein U is voltage, E 0 is back electromotive force, R 1 is stator electric group, I d is direct-axis current, I q is quadrature-axis current, X d is direct-axis synchronous reactance, and X q is quadrature-axis synchronous reactance; and obtaining the flux linkage waveform of the loss of the permanent magnet through the measured voltage and current values and the known resistance and reactance values.
S2, calculating instantaneous counter electromotive force through the established mathematical model and drawing a counter electromotive force curve graph.
S3, integrating the counter electromotive force curve graph to obtain a flux linkage waveform graph;
s4, obtaining harmonic amplitude and harmonic times through Fourier decomposition of the flux linkage oscillogram; the calculation rule of the Fourier transform is as follows:
Equidistant N nodes are selected in a whole period, such as:
where aj, bj is the post-fourier-decomposition coskx, coskx coefficients.
And judging the loss of the permanent magnet according to the amplitude of the harmonic wave, and calculating the loss position of the permanent magnet according to the frequency of occurrence of the harmonic wave, wherein the fifth harmonic wave judges that the magnetic pole is side loss and the seventh harmonic wave judges that the magnetic pole is center loss. When the loss magnetic quantity of the loss magnetic position is larger than a set value, automatic alarm is realized.
A detection apparatus for a loss of field state of a permanent magnet applied to a permanent magnet motor, the apparatus comprising:
The acquisition module is used for: acquiring a flux linkage value of the permanent magnet;
And a drawing module: drawing a corresponding flux linkage waveform chart through flux linkage values;
the calculation module: the magnetic linkage oscillogram is subjected to Fourier transformation to obtain fundamental wave amplitude and harmonic times;
and judging the loss of the permanent magnet according to the amplitude of the harmonic wave, and calculating the loss position of the permanent magnet according to the frequency of occurrence of the harmonic wave.
The specific working procedure is as follows: establishing a mathematical model, outputting a back electromotive force waveform by detecting voltage, current and rotating speed, establishing a flux linkage waveform by carrying out Fourier transform on the back electromotive force waveform, obtaining flux linkage amplitude and harmonic content by Fourier analysis, and greatly reducing the back electromotive force of a system due to the increase of current and temperature rise of a motor loop after the permanent magnet is demagnetized, wherein the magnetic field waveform can be obtained by integrating the voltage waveform, and the demagnetizing state can be obtained by analyzing the flux linkage waveform as shown in the figure 2. Testing flux linkage, firstly, calculating E 0 by measuring voltage U and current I d、Iq、Xd、Xq、R1, obtaining flux linkage waveform by integrating E 0, judging the flux loss of the permanent magnet according to the amplitude of the harmonic wave, calculating the flux loss position of the permanent magnet according to the frequency of occurrence of the harmonic wave, wherein the five-harmonic wave judges that the magnetic pole is in side flux loss, and the seven-harmonic wave judges that the magnetic pole is in center of the magnetic pole. When the loss magnetic quantity of the loss magnetic position is larger than a set value, automatic alarm is realized.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to what has been described above and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for detecting the loss-of-field state of the permanent magnet is applied to the permanent magnet motor and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Calculating instantaneous back electromotive force through a motor electrical parameter equation and drawing a back electromotive force curve graph;
obtaining a flux linkage waveform chart by integrating the counter electromotive force curve chart;
obtaining harmonic amplitude and harmonic times through Fourier transform of the flux linkage waveform diagram;
Judging the loss of the permanent magnet according to the amplitude of the harmonic wave, calculating the loss position of the permanent magnet according to the frequency of occurrence of the harmonic wave,
The method for calculating the loss-of-excitation position of the permanent magnet according to the frequency of harmonic wave occurrence comprises the following steps:
The judgment magnetic pole containing the fifth harmonic is side loss magnetic, and the judgment magnetic pole containing the seventh harmonic is center loss magnetic.
2. The method for detecting a loss of field state of a permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the instantaneous back emf comprises:
Establishing a mathematical model through motor terminal voltage, stator resistance, current and reactance;
The instantaneous back emf is calculated by the established mathematical model.
3. The method for detecting a loss of field state of a permanent magnet according to claim 2, wherein the calculation rule of the mathematical model is:
Usinθ＝IqXq+IdR1
Ucosθ＝E0-IdXd+IqR1
Wherein U is voltage, E 0 is back electromotive force, R 1 is stator resistance, I d is direct-axis current, I q is quadrature-axis current, X d is direct-axis synchronous reactance, X q is quadrature-axis synchronous reactance, and theta is an included angle with the direct axis.
4. The method for detecting a loss of field of a permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the calculation rule of the fourier transform is:
Equidistant N nodes are selected in a whole period, such as:
Wherein aj, bj is after Fourier decomposition The coefficients, k=1, are fundamental waves, k=5, 7 … are harmonic orders.
5. The method for detecting a loss of field of a permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the method for determining the loss of field of the permanent magnet based on the amplitude of the harmonic wave comprises:
And obtaining a permanent magnet loss flux linkage waveform through the measured voltage and current values, known resistance and reactance values, and judging the loss through the fundamental wave amplitude.
6. The method for detecting a loss of field state of a permanent magnet according to claim 1, further comprising:
When the loss magnetic quantity of the loss magnetic position is larger than a set value, automatic alarm is realized.
7. A device for detecting a loss of field state of a permanent magnet, wherein the permanent magnet is applied to a permanent magnet motor, the device comprising:
The acquisition module is used for: acquiring a flux linkage value of the permanent magnet;
And a drawing module: drawing a corresponding flux linkage waveform chart through flux linkage values;
The calculation module: obtaining harmonic amplitude and harmonic times through Fourier transform of the flux linkage waveform diagram;
Judging the loss of the permanent magnet according to the amplitude of the harmonic wave, calculating the loss position of the permanent magnet according to the frequency of occurrence of the harmonic wave,
The method for calculating the loss-of-excitation position of the permanent magnet according to the frequency of harmonic wave occurrence comprises the following steps:
The judgment magnetic pole containing the fifth harmonic is side loss magnetic, and the judgment magnetic pole containing the seventh harmonic is center loss magnetic.
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